To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fault block.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fault block'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 39 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Fault block.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Meyer, Eric R. "Normal Fault Block or Giant Landslide? Baldy Block, Wasatch Range, Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5550.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the interplay between surficial and tectonic processes in the development of Utah's Wasatch Range is vital to evaluating geologic hazards along the Wasatch Front. Baldy is a large (6.125 km3) block of limestone and sandstone structurally overlying shale on the western flank of Mount Timpanogos. It has been mapped as a downdropped normal fault block of Permian units, but no other trace of such a fault exists along the range. The Baldy block structurally overlies the weak Manning Canyon shale, which has produced a regional geomorphology replete with faceted spurs, landslide scarps and deposits. Structural, bio- and litho-stratigrahic mapping of the block reveals breccia deposits, bed rotation and stratigraphic and structural relations to Mount Timpanogos consistent with a landslide interpretation. Structural reconstructions of the block and calculations of stream downcutting rates help constrain the timing and sequence of events of the block's emplacement. These results attest to the importance of surficial processes in the development of large-scale geologic structures, and demonstrate the ongoing danger of mass wasting to the communities of the Wasatch Front.
2
Hernandez, Moreno Catalina <1981>. "Understanding block rotation of strike-slip fault zones: Paleomagnetic and structural approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6829/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on the paleomagnetic rotation pattern inside the deforming zone of strike-slip faults, and the kinematics and geodynamics describing it.
The paleomagnetic investigation carried out along both the LOFZ and the fore-arc sliver (38º-42ºS, southern Chile) revealed an asymmetric rotation pattern. East of the LOFZ and adjacent to it, rotations are up to 170° clockwise (CW) and fade out ~10 km east of fault. West of the LOFZ at 42ºS (Chiloé Island) and around 39°S (Villarrica domain) systematic CCW rotations have been observed, while at 40°-41°S (Ranco-Osorno domain) and adjacent to the LOFZ CW rotations reach up to 136° before evolving to CCW rotations at ~30 km from the fault. These data suggest a directed relation with subduction interface plate coupling. Zones of high coupling yield to a wide deforming zone (~30 km) west of the LOFZ characterized by CW rotations. Low coupling implies a weak LOFZ and a fore-arc dominated by CCW rotations related to NW-sinistral fault kinematics.
The rotation pattern is consistent with a quasi-continuous crust kinematics. However, it seems unlikely that the lower crust flux can control block rotation in the upper crust, considering the cold and thick fore-arc crust. I suggest that rotations are consequence of forces applied directly on both the block edges and along the main fault, within the upper crust.
Farther south, at the Austral Andes (54°S) I measured the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of 22 Upper Cretaceous to Upper Eocene sites from the Magallanes fold-thrust belt internal domains. The data document continuous compression from the Early Cretaceous until the Late Oligocene. AMS data also show that the tectonic inversion of Jurassic extensional faults during the Late Cretaceous compressive phase may have controlled the Cenozoic kinematic evolution of the Magallanes fold-thrust belt, yielding slip partitioning.
3
Lai, Chunren. "High-speed cellular-automata based block cipher and fault tolerant public-key cryptosystems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ54718.pdf.
Full text
4
Park, J. F. W. "Fault systems in the inner Godthabsfjord region of the Archaean Block, southern west Greenland." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377322.
Full text
5
Spinler, Joshua C. "Investigating Crustal Deformation Associated With The North America-Pacific Plate Boundary In Southern California With GPS Geodesy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332879.
Full textAbstract:
The three largest earthquakes in the last 25 years in southern California occurred on faults located adjacent to the southern San Andreas fault, with the M7.3 1992 Landers and M7.1 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes occurring in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) in the Mojave Desert, and the M7.2 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake occurring along the Laguna Salada fault in northern Baja California, Mexico. The locations of these events near to but not along the southern San Andreas fault (SSAF) is unusual in that the last major event on the SSAF occurred more than 300 years ago, with an estimated recurrence interval of 215± 25 years. The focus of this dissertation is to address the present-day deformation field along the North America-Pacific plate boundary in southern California and northern Baja California, through the analysis of GPS data, and elastic block and viscoelastic earthquake models to determine fault slip rates and rheological properties of the lithosphere in the plate boundary zone. We accomplish this in three separate studies. The first study looks at how strain is partitioned northwards along-strike from the southern San Andreas fault near the Salton Sea. We find that estimates for slip-rates on the southern San Andreas decrease from ~23 mm/yr in the south to ~8 mm/yr as the fault passes through San Gorgonio Pass to the northwest, while ~13-18 mm/yr of slip is partitioned onto NW-SE trending faults of the ECSZ where the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes occurred. This speaks directly to San Andreas earthquake hazards, as a reduction in the slip rate would require greater time between events to build up enough slip deficit in order to generate a large magnitude earthquake. The second study focuses on inferring the rheological structure beneath the Salton Trough region. This is accomplished through analysis of postseismic deformation observed using a set of the GPS data collected before and after the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. By determining the slip-rates on each of the major crustal faults prior to the earthquake, we are able to model the pre-earthquake velocity field for comparison with velocities measured using sites constructed post-earthquake. We then determine how individual site velocities have changed in the 3 years following the earthquake, with implications for the rate at which the lower crust and upper mantle viscously relax through time. We find that the viscosity of the lower crust is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of the uppermost mantle, and hypothesize that this is due to mafic material emplaced at the base of the crust as the spreading center developed beneath the Salton Trough since about 6 Ma. The final study investigates crustal deformation and fault slip rates for faults in the northern Mojave and southern Walker Lane regions of the ECSZ. Previous geodetic studies estimated slip-rates roughly double those inferred via geological dating methods in this region for NW striking strike-slip faults, but significantly smaller than geologic estimates for the Garlock fault. Through construction of a detailed elastic block model, which selects only active fault structures, and applying a new, dense GPS velocity field in this region, we are able to estimate slip-rates for the strike-slip faults in the ECSZ that are much closer to those reported from geology.
6
Bergström, Joakim, and Hampus Nilsson-Sundén. "Cost effective optimization of system safety and reliability." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119950.
Full textAbstract:
A method able to analyze and optimize subsystems could be useful to reduce project cost, increase subsystem reliability, improve overall aircraft safety and reduce subsystem weight. The earlier the optimization of development of an aircraft in the design phase can be performed, the better the yield of the optimization becomes. This master thesis was formed in order to construct an automatic analysis method, implementing a Matlab script, evaluating devices forming aircraft subsystems using a Genetic Algorithm. In addition to aircraft subsystems, the method constructed in the work is compatible with systems of various industries with minor modifications of the script.
7
Pehi, Te Ngere Russell. "Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Investigation of Highwall Stability of the Proposed Cypress Opencast Mine Mt William Fault Zone, Cypress North Block Upper Waimangaroa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3910.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the
geotechnical nature of the proposed Cypress North Block Opencast Coalmine highwall in
the Mt William Range east of present mine operations at Stockton Opencast. An
investigation was undertaken to gather information on the rock material and rock mass
properties of the Basement, Brunner Coal Measures, and Kaiata Mudstone stratigraphic
units that would make up the composition of the proposed highwall. The specific aims of
the thesis were to identify the distribution of rock types and the locations and orientations
of mappable defects such as faults, joints, shears, and crush zones. The stratigraphic units
are subdivided into their respective geotechnical units based on physical, and mechanical
intact rock material parameters.
The basement lithologies comprised of interfingered layers of Greenland Group
metasediments and intrusive Berlins Porphyry granite/granodiorite. These were divided
into 3 geotechnical units where analyses of the rock parameters were determined. These
units (Berlins Porphyry, Greenland Group hornfels, & mixed basement) returned mean
values of low porosity (n= 0.8-2.3%), and slake durability index results (Id2 =99.0-99.6%
retained), and high friction angles (40.6-44.5º), dry densities (2657-2666Kg/m³), and
moderate UCS (78.8 -136.6MPa), tensile splitting strength (5.1 - 6.2 MPa), and cohesion
values (6.38MPa).
The Brunner Coal Measures are an alternating sedimentary sequence of massive
sandstones, laminated sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and coal that were divided into 5
geotechnical units. Due to a lack of samples recovered from the two drillholes (DH 1694
and DH 1717) that penetrated this layer limited results were returned. Testing was
constrained to the coarse-medium grained lithology which showed high porosities
(n=7.9%), and slake-durability index results (Id2=94.0% retained), and moderate friction
angles (33.2º), and dry densities (2411Kg/m³), and low strength characteristics with UCS
intact rock strength (15.3MPa), tensile splitting strength (1.32MPa), and cohesion
(2.1MPa). The Kaiata Mudstone is a marine sedimentary layer comprised of a massive silty
mudstone which a gradational contact with the BCM, this unit was therefore divided into 2
geotechnical units. Due to the same constraints outlined above for the BCM testing was
constrained to the massive silty mudstone lithology which showed the highest porosities
(n=9.9%), and greatest variability in slake-durability index results (Id2=34.2-94.5%
retained), and the lowest friction angles (18.6º), dry densities (2.377t/m³), and UCS intact
rock strength (9.9MPa), as well as low tensile splitting strength (1.47MPa), and cohesion
(3.0 MPa).
Scanline survey traverses were conducted along exposed areas of the Mt William
Range adjacent to the Cypress North Block basin in an attempt to correlate the downhole
data within the basement unit, as well as interpret discontinuity properties along the
proposed highwall development. This was achieved by recording the rock mass properties
and developing a kinematic analysis within the basement lithographies. The rock mass
properties determined were; defect type, dip and dip direction, persistence, aperture, nature
of infilling, defect roughness, and spacing.
Joints are typically steeply dipping with mean joint set orientations in the northern
region of the ridge JS1 76°/041°, JS2 89°/261°, JS3 79°/118° (dominant set), JS4
47°/106°(where present), and JS5 85°/174°. Joint set in the southern section of the
surveyed area had mean orientations of JS1 78°/025°, JS2 70°/245°, JS3 84°/285°, JS4
43°/106°, and JS5 79°/161°.
Structural domains were developed within the ridge crest using interpretation of the
scanline survey and kinematic analysis to constrain the boundaries (along with physical
and mechanical properties),- with respect to both highwall orientation and the Mt William
Fault. The fault is the major through going structure that is surmised to be the controlling
factor for defect formation propagation through the basement lithologies (and Tertiary
sediments). These were further classified on the potential mode of failure after kinematic
stability analysis was performed on the joints sets. Potential toppling failure on joints was
found to be the dominant failure mode within the projected highwall orientation.
8
Rasoolzadeh, Shahram [Verfasser], Nils-Gregor [Gutachter] Leander, and Amir [Gutachter] Moradi. "Hardware-oriented SPN block ciphers : fault injection countermeasures and low-latency designs / Shahram Rasoolzadeh ; Gutachter: Nils-Gregor Leander, Amir Moradi ; Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123348415X/34.
Full text
9
Rahiman, Tariq Iqbal Hamid. "Neotectonics, Seismic and Tsunami Hazards, Viti Levu, Fiji." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1110.
Full textAbstract:
Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji, is located in a seismically active area within the Fiji Platform - a remnant island arc that lies in a diffuse plate boundary zone between the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates in the southwest Pacific. The southeast coast of Viti Levu is a highly developed and populated part of Fiji and is vulnerable to the effects of large earthquakes that are expected to occur both onshore and offshore. The structural framework and the origin of seismicity within the Fiji Platform, as well as the seismic and tsunami hazards of central and southeast Viti Levu are investigated. The upper crust of southeast Viti Levu is dissected by several intersecting fault/lineament zones. These are mapped from remote sensing imagery of the surface (topography, radar, and aerial photos) and of the basement (magnetic), and have been subject to rigorous statistical tests of reproducibility and verification with field mapped fault data. Lineaments on the various imagery correlate with faults mapped in the field and show spatial continuity between and beyond mapped faults, thereby providing a fuller coverage of regional structural patterns than previously known. Some fault/lineament zones extend beyond the coastline to the offshore area of southeast Viti Levu. Here high resolution SeaBAT 8160 multibeam bathymetry data and seismic reflection data show that the fault zones occur along, and exert control on the locations of a number of linear submarine canyons. The morpho-structural expression of these canyons are contiguous with fault controlled physiographic features mapped on the nearshore marginal shelf (rectilinear bays and peninsulas, reef passages) and on land (fault valleys, slope and drainage alignments forming lineaments). The canyons are considered to have developed from several cycles of downslope incising and infilling events, whilst their positions were still primarily controlled by zones of weakness created by the fault zones. The principal fault sets in southeast Viti Levu represent generations of regional tectonic faulting that pervaded the Fiji Platform during and after disruption of the proto Fijian arc in the Middle to Late Miocene. These fault sets combine to form a complex network of interlocking faults creating a fault mesh that divides the upper crust into a number of fault blocks ranging from ~2 to 30 km. It is inferred that the fault mesh evolved throughout the Neogene as a response to the anticlockwise rotation of the Fiji Platform through progressive development of different fault sets and intervening crustal block rotations. Regional tectonic deformation is presently accommodated in a distributed manner through the entire fault mesh. Low magnitude earthquakes (
10
Guo, Xu. "Secure and Efficient Implementations of Cryptographic Primitives." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27702.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays pervasive computing opens up many new challenges. Personal and sensitive data and computations are distributed over a wide range of computing devices. This presents great challenges in cryptographic system designs: how to protect privacy, authentication, and integrity in this distributed and connected computing world, and how to satisfy the requirements of different platforms, ranging from resource constrained embedded devices to high-end servers. Moreover, once mathematically strong cryptographic algorithms are implemented in either software or hardware, they are known to be vulnerable to various implementation attacks. Although many countermeasures have been proposed, selecting and integrating a set of countermeasures thwarting multiple attacks into a single design is far from trivial. Security, performance and cost need to be considered together.
The research presented in this dissertation deals with the secure and efficient implementation of cryptographic primitives. We focus on how to integrate cryptographic coprocessors in an efficient and secure way. The outcome of this research leads to four contributions to hardware security research. First, we propose a programmable and parallel Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) coprocessor architecture. We use a systematic way of analyzing the impact of System-on-Chip (SoC) integration to the cryptographic coprocessor performance and optimize the hardware/software codesign of cryptographic coprocessors. Second, we provide a hardware evaluation methodology to the NIST SHA-3 standardization process. Our research efforts cover both of the SHA-3 fourteen Second Round candidates and five Third Round finalists. We design the first SHA-3 benchmark chip and discuss the technology impact to the SHA-3 hardware evaluation process. Third, we discuss two technology dependent issues in the fair comparison of cryptographic hardware. We provide a systematic approach to do a cross-platform comparison between SHA-3 FPGA and ASIC benchmarking results and propose a methodology for lightweight hash designs. Finally, we provide guidelines to select implementation attack countermeasures in ECC cryptosystem designs. We discuss how to integrate a set of countermeasures to resist a collection of side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks and fault attacks.
The first part of the dissertation discusses how system integration can affect the efficiency of the cryptographic primitives. We focus on the SoC integration of cryptographic coprocessors and analyze the system profile in a co-simulation environment and then on an actual FPGA-based SoC platform. We use this system-level design flow to analyze the SoC integration issues of two block ciphers: the existing Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and a newly proposed lightweight cipher PRESENT. Next, we use hardware/software codesign techniques to design a programmable ECC coprocessor architecture which is highly flexible and scalable for system integration into a SoC architecture.
The second part of the dissertation describes our efforts in designing a hardware evaluation methodology applied to the NIST SHA-3 standardization process. Our Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation results of five SHA-3 finalists are the first ASIC real measurement results reported in the literature. As a contribution to the NIST SHA-3 competition, we provide timely ASIC implementation cost and performance results of the five SHA-3 finalists in the SHA-3 standard final round evaluation process. We define a consistent and comprehensive hardware evaluation methodology to the NIST SHA-3 standardization process from Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) prototyping to ASIC implementation.
The third part of the dissertation extends the discussion on hardware benchmarking of NIST SHA-3 candidates by analyzing the impact of technology to the fair comparison of cryptographic hardware. First, a cross-platform comparison between the FPGA and ASIC results of SHA-3 designs demonstrates the gap between two sets of benchmarking results. We describe a systematic approach to analyze a SHA-3 hardware benchmark process for both FPGAs and ASICs. Next, by observing the interaction of hash algorithm design, architecture design, and technology mapping, we propose a methodology for lightweight hash implementation and apply it to CubeHash optimizations. Our ultra-lightweight design of the CubeHash algorithm represents the smallest ASIC implementation of this algorithm reported in the literature. Then, we introduced a cost model for analyzing the hardware cost of lightweight hash implementations.
The fourth part of the dissertation discusses SCA attacks and fault attacks resistant cryptosystem designs. We complete a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art of secure ECC implementations and propose a methodology on selecting countermeasures to thwart multiple side-channel attacks and fault attacks. We focus on a systematic way of organizing and understanding known attacks and countermeasures.Ph. D.
11
Brailo, Courtney M. "A Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) Study of the Truckee Meadows, NV. Quaternary Fault Mapping with ArcGIS, 3D Visualization and Computational Block Modeling of the Greater Reno area." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126167.
Full textAbstract:
The Truckee Meadows (Reno, NV) sits in a tectonically complex area of western Nevada, where Walker Lane-style transtension is dominant throughout the region. A new Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) study focuses on the Truckee Meadows region of western Nevada, including the Reno/Sparks metropolitan area in Washoe County. We use the airborne LiDAR imagery (1485 sq. km) to create high quality, bare-earth topographic maps that were previously unattainable in vegetated, populated or alpine terrain. This approach gives us an opportunity to improve fault maps that may be outdated or incomplete in the area. Here we provide LiDAR imagery of a large section of Washoe County and an updated fault map of the greater Truckee Meadows region.
We also use this new LiDAR survey of the Truckee Meadows and nearby basins to constrain geometry, length, distribution, and slip rates along faults imaged by this new dataset. Estimated slip rates are compared to those derived from a geodetic block model constrained by Global Positioning Station (GPS) data to test for consistency. GPS station data and geologic mapping show that both east-west oriented extension and northwest-oriented right-lateral strike slip accommodate transtension as a backdrop for tectonics studies of region, with some northeast-oriented left-lateral strike slip. This study aims to better understand how this transtension is partitioned along remapped faults and newly identified structures in this urban setting, as the framework for strain accommodation in this area remains poorly understood.
Faults with normal offset were measured along strike using bare-earth LiDAR returns to determine the amount of vertical separation across geomorphic surfaces, and then converted to extension assuming a fault dip of 60 (+/-10) degrees. Since the primary geomorphic surfaces in this region are the result of Sierra Nevadan glacial outwash episodes, we use previously published geologic maps to link each surface to an associated date. When integrated across several basin perpendicular transects within the Mt. Rose pediment, we calculate a total extension rate of 0.87 (+0.40/-0.48) mm/yr for the southern Truckee Meadows basin. Integrated slip rates from fault scarp offsets are within the bounds of 1.23 (+/-0.70) mm/yr suggested by geodetic modeling. Block modeling highlights that north-striking faults primarily accommodate east-west extension, and so northwest-striking faults and/or block rotations must accommodate the northwest-directed shear seen in GPS velocities. This trend is bolstered by the discovery of a new northwest-oriented fault on Peavine Mountain 6 km east of the Mogul (2008) seismicity trend. Our study provides further evidence that the Truckee Meadows sits at a critical transition from north-striking normal faults in the southern part of the basin to northwest-oriented strike-slip faults to the north, an observation that mimics regional tectonics and geomorphology of the adjacent Lake Tahoe/Truckee system to the west.
12
Backert, Nicolas. "Interaction tectonique-sédimentation dans le rift de Corinthe, Grèce. Architecture stratigraphique et sédimentologie du Gilbert-delta de Kerinitis." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457060.
Full textAbstract:
La stratigraphie synrift du bloc de faille est divisée en trois groupes stratigraphiques, représentant une épaisseur de 1624 m. Le Groupe inférieur est composé de sédiments fluvio-lacustres, le Groupe moyen comporte les Gilbert-deltas géants et leurs faciès fins associés, le Groupe supérieur est formé de Gilbert-deltas récents à actuels ainsi que de formations superficielles. La discordance basale de l'Unité du prérift présente une paléotopographie. La phase d'extension précoce (Groupe inférieur) est caractérisée par une très faible subsidence assurée par l'activité précoce de la faille de Pirgaki et des failles mineures. La transition avec la phase d'extension principale (Groupe moyen) est marquée par un approfondissement du bassin ainsi que par une augmentation du taux de subsidence. La phase d'abandon et de soulèvement du bloc (Groupe supérieur) est caractérisée par des évènements de creusement-comblement. Le Gilbert-delta géant de Kerinitis se serait déposé dans la période Pléistocène inférieur-Pléistocène moyen, en milieu marin. L'étude de la sédimentologie de faciès a permis de mettre en évidence quatre associations de faciès : topset, foreset, bottomset, prodelta. L'architecture stratigraphique est composée de onze Unités Stratigraphiques (SU) séparées par onze Surfaces Stratigraphiques (KSS). Dans un contexte de création continue d'espace d'accommodation, les SU se déposent pendant les maxima et les périodes de chute du niveau marin. Les KSS se mettent en place pendant des périodes d'augmentation du niveau marin. Les quatres étapes de construction du Gilbert-delta de Kerinitis ont enregistré le début, le maximum et l'arrêt de l'activité du système de failles.
13
Domoracki, William Joseph. "A geophysical investigation of geologic structure and regional tectonic setting at the Savannah River site, South Carolina." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30109.
Full text
14
Tavakoli, Farokh. "Déformation actuelle et cinématique des failles actives observées par GPS dans le Zagros et l'Est iranien." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00285919.
Full textAbstract:
La convergence entre l'Arabie et l'Eurasie est accommodée à l'intérieur du territoire iranien. Nous présentons des champs de vitesse GPS denses couvrant une grande partie de l'Iran (Zagros, block de Lut et Kopeh Dagh) avec des précisions meilleures que 2 mm/an.Dans le Zagros, la convergence est accommodée par du partitionnement dans la partie nord. 2-4 mm/an de décrochement dextre sur la MRF sont transférés sur les failles de Dena, Kazerun et Kareh Bas dans le système de failles de Kazerun, se déplaçant à 3-4 mm/an chacune. Dans le Zagros Central, 8 mm/an de raccourcissement sont concentrés près du Golf Persique, contrastant avec une sismicité plus distribuée et indiquant un découplage de la déformation superficielle du socle.
A l'est de l'Iran, entre le block central Iranien et le block de Hellmand, 14 mm/an de cisaillement dextre orienté NS sont observés au travers du block de Lut, avec 6.5 mm/an absorbés à l'ouest (failles de Bam, Gowk et Sabzevaran) et 7.5 mm/an à l'est (zone de suture de Sistan). Des failles majeures senestres orientées EW au nord du block de Lut accommodent une partie du cisaillement (Dasht-e-Bayaz 1.5 mm/an, Doruneh 2.5 mm/an). Au sud de la chaîne du Kopeh Dagh 8 mm/an de cisaillement persistent, dont 3.5 et 2.5 mm/an sont absorbés par du raccourcissement NS dans le Binalud et l'est Kopeh Dagh, 5 mm/an par du décrochement dextre au travers le système de failles de Quchan, et 5-8 mm/an par l'expulsion du basin Sud Caspien vers l'ouest.
La comparaison des taux de glissement actuels avec des taux géologiques court et long terme montre une évolution complexe des activités des failles même dans le contexte de collision continental récente de l'Iran.
15
Doremus, Llyn. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Pilot Valley Playa Interpreted From Remotely Sensed Images." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6701.
Full textAbstract:
In the Basin and Range Province, the geologic regime of the Pilot Valley, linear trending block faults have isolated many valleys both topographically and hydrologically. Discharge from these arid, closed basins occurs only as evaporation. Minerals dissolved in discharging fluid are precipitated at the valley floor as the liquid evaporates. The resulting salt flats and high density brines are known as playas.
The Pilot Valley Playa surface was sampled concurrently with the recording of a Thematic Mapper remotely sensed image to define the surface conditions that correspond to image data. An association was found between the band 7 (infrared wavelength radiation) image data and the measured depth to water; and between the visible wavelength data and the evaporite mineral deposits on the playa. The specific gravity of the shallow subsurface brine was found to increase as the liquid brine surface approached the elevation of the valley floor. By using the observed relationships, three remotely sensed images were interpreted with respect to temporal changes in the areal extent of playa evaporite deposits and water depth between 1984 and 1988. The visible wavelength data indicated that the areal extent of the evaporite deposits diminished during the study period. The water level at the playa margins was interpreted to have dropped, and at the playa center to have remained stable. These interpretations suggest that a decrease in the extent of evaporite deposition is related to a drop in the water level around the playa margins.
The interpreted changes of the playa surface are used to draw the following conclusions about the hydrology of the Pilot Valley. The distinct variation in depth to water around the playa margin suggests that these areas are influenced by the discharge from the surrounding ranges. The relatively stable water depth in the central playa and the associated thicker evaporite deposits suggest that the subsurface brine acts here as a buffer to discharge variations. If the temporal changes of the playa margins do result from discharge variation, the discharge zone at the base of the Silver Island Range is wider than that of the adjacent, higher elevation Pilot Range.
16
Maree, J. P. (Johannes Philippus). "Fault detection for the Benfield process using a closed-loop subspace re-identification approach." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29844.
Full textAbstract:
Closed-loop system identification and fault detection and isolation are the two fundamental building blocks of process monitoring. Efficient and accurate process monitoring increases plant availability and utilisation. This dissertation investigates a subspace system identification and fault detection methodology for the Benfield process, used by Sasol, Synfuels in Secunda, South Africa, to remove CO2 from CO2-rich tail gas. Subspace identification methods originated between system theory, geometry and numerical linear algebra which makes it a computationally efficient tool to estimate system parameters. Subspace identification methods are classified as Black-Box identification techniques, where it does not rely on a-priori process information and estimates the process model structure and order automatically. Typical subspace identification algorithms use non-parsimonious model formulation, with extra terms in the model that appear to be non-causal (stochastic noise components). These extra terms are included to conveniently perform subspace projection, but are the cause for inflated variance in the estimates, and partially responsible for the loss of closed-loop identifiably. The subspace identification methodology proposed in this dissertation incorporates two successive LQ decompositions to remove stochastic components and obtain state-space models of the plant respectively. The stability of the identified plant is further guaranteed by using the shift invariant property of the extended observability matrix by appending the shifted extended observability matrix by a block of zeros. It is shown that the spectral radius of the identified system matrices all lies within a unit boundary, when the system matrices are derived from the newly appended extended observability matrix. The proposed subspace identification methodology is validated and verified by re-identifying the Benfield process operating in closed-loop, with an RMPCT controller, using measured closed-loop process data. Models that have been identified from data measured from the Benfield process operating in closed-loop with an RMPCT controller produced validation data fits of 65% and higher. From residual analysis results, it was concluded that the proposed subspace identification method produce models that are accurate in predicting future outputs and represent a wide variety of process inputs. A parametric fault detection methodology is proposed that monitors the estimated system parameters as identified from the subspace identification methodology. The fault detection methodology is based on the monitoring of parameter discrepancies, where sporadic parameter deviations will be detected as faults. Extended Kalman filter theory is implemented to estimate system parameters, instead of system states, as new process data becomes readily available. The extended Kalman filter needs accurate initial parameter estimates and is thus periodically updated by the subspace identification methodology, as a new set of more accurate parameters have been identified. The proposed fault detection methodology is validated and verified by monitoring process behaviour of the Benfield process. Faults that were monitored for, and detected include foaming, flooding and sensor faults. Initial process parameters as identified from the subspace method can be tracked efficiently by using an extended Kalman filter. This enables the fault detection methodology to identify process parameter deviations, with a process parameter deviation sensitivity of 2% or higher. This means that a 2% parameter deviation will be detected which greatly enhances the fault detection efficiency and sensitivity.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
17
Narvilas, Rolandas. "Funkcinių testų skaitmeniniams įrenginiams projektavimas ir analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110831_144520-57273.
Full textAbstract:
Projekto tikslas – sukurti sistemą, skirtą schemų testinių atvejų atrinkimui naudojant „juodos dėžės“ modelius ir jiems pritaikytus gedimų modelius. Vykdant projektą buvo atlikta kūrino būdų ir technologijų analizė. Sistemos architektūra buvo kuriama atsižvelgiant į reikalavimą, naudoti schemų modelius, kurie yra parašyti c programavimo kalba. Buvo atlikta schemų failų integravimo efektyvumo analizė, tiriamos atsitiktinio testinių atvejų generavimo sekos patobulinimo galimybės, "1" pasiskirstymo 5taka atsitiktinai generuojam7 testini7 atvej7 kokybei. Tyrim7 rezultatai: • Schemų modelių integracijos tipas mažai įtakoja sistemos darbą. • Pusiau deterministinių metodų taikymas parodė, jog atskirų žingsnių optimizacija nepagerina galutinio rezultato. • "1" pasiskirstymas atsitiktinai generuojamose sekose turi įtaką testo kokybei ir gali būti naudojamas testų procesų pagerinimui.Project objective – to develop a system, which generates functional tests for non-scan synchronous sequential circuits based on functional delay models. During project execution, the analysis of design and technology solutions was performed. The architecture of the developed software is based on the requirement to be able to use the models of the benchmark circuits that are written in C programming language. Analysis of the effectiveness of the model file integration, possibilities of improving random test sequence generation and the influence of distribution of „1“ in randomly generated test patterns was performed. The results of the analysis were: • Type of the model file integration has little effect when using large circuit models. • The implementation of semi deterministic algorithms showed that the optimisation of separate steps by construction of test subsequences doesn’t improve the final outcome. • The distribution of „1“ in randomly generated test patterns has effect on the fault coverage and can be used to improve test generation process.
18
Lorenz, Jacqueline. "Le dogger du berry : contribution a la connaissance des plates-formes carbonatees europeennes au jurassique." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066323.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail, stratigraphique, resulte de l'exploitation des donnees de terrain acquises lors des levers de cartes geologiques a 1/50 000 de la bordure sud du bassin parisien. Cinq profils decrits entre le blanc et la vallee de la loire permettent de proposer des datations pour les differents facies rencontres. A l'ouest de la region etudiee le callovien et l'oxfordien inferieur sont absents. Au centre le bathonien manque completement. A partir de saint-amand-montrond, le callovien apparait et devient complet a proximite de la vallee de la loire. Il existe donc une lacune dont le maximum d'extension est bathonien inferieur a oxfordien moyen, sur une plate-forme carbonatee bordee a l'est par le fosse de la loire et s'ouvrant a l'ouest sur l'atlantique en cours d'ouverture. Les variations de facies et d'epaisseurs avec apparition de facies particuliers (evaporites), sont lies a une tectonique synsedimentaire active au cours du bajocien et du bahtonien. De grands accidents de socle de direction armoricaine ont rejoue en blocs bascules, comme "l'accident sud du bassin de paris" responsable de la structure anticlinale maille-arpheuilles-chateauroux.
19
Andreas, Dieter. "Der Thüringer Wald im Zeitraum der Stefan-Unterperm-Entwicklung - ein Abschnitt der Zentraleuropäischen N-S-Riftzone innerhalb des Mitteleuropäischen Großschollenscharniers." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-130056.
Full textAbstract:
Die einer unterschiedlichen Genese zuordenbaren tektonischen Strukturen, welche sich im Raum des Thüringer Waldes bündeln, formten in einem gerichteten Entwicklungsablauf das komplizierteste und vielseitigste hochoberkarbonisch-unterpermische Strukturgebäude Mitteleuropas. In dieser Arbeit wird der Versuch einer Synthese der strukturellen und der daran geknüpften vulkanogen-sedimentären Entwicklung innerhalb der permokarbonischen Thüringer Wald-Senke und ihres unmittelbaren mitteleuropäischen Umfeldes unternommen. Sie stützt sich dabei maßgeblich auf die Ergebnisse langfristig durchgeführter Kartierungsarbeiten, die in diskontinuierlichen Bearbeitungsphasen seit 1957 bis in die 90er Jahre des vergangenen Jahrhunderts erfolgten. Einbezogen werden die Ergebnisse von insgesamt 54 Forschungs- und Erkundungsbohrungen, die zu einem Großteil im Kontext dieser Arbeiten geteuft worden sind. 36 Bohrprofile werden hier erstmals vollständig beschrieben und publiziert. Neben einer nochmaligen Überprüfung der gesamten lithostratigraphischen Abfolge in der permokarbonischen Thüringer Wald-Senke besteht die Zielstellung der Arbeit in deren Einbindung in die regionale mitteleuropäische strukturelle Entwicklung während dieser Zeitspanne, beginnend bei den potenziellen variszisch-kollisional angelegten Wurzeln der permokarbonischen Strukturen, über ihre weitere tektono-magmatische Ausgestaltung bis hin zur Ausprägung der postvariszischen Großschollenfelderung Mitteleuropas am Ende des Permokarbons.
20
Gama, Remigius. "Structure et propagation d'un rift magmatique en bordure de craton : approche intégrée de la divergence Nord-Tanzanienne par analyse des populations de failles et du réseau de drainage." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0047/document.
Full textAbstract:
Tout modèle cinématique appliqué à la propagation du rift sud kenyan (RSK) et à sa divergence vers l’ouest au nord de la Tanzanie (DNT) doit nécessairement intégrer la vallée axiale Magadi-Natron (études antérieures), mais aussi le bloc soulevé Oldoinyo Ogol (OOB) à l’ouest (ce travail). Notre étude, basée pour l'essentiel sur l'interprétation d'imagerie satellitale SRTM 30 m, nous permet (1) de préciser l'organisation morphostructurale de l'ensemble du RSK, (2) d'identifier 2 systèmes successifs de failles bordières, (3) d'affirmer le rôle majeur de celle d'Oldoinyo Ogol, (4) d'élaborer un modèle de rifting en 2 étapes (7-3 Ma et <3 Ma) et (5) d'attribuer le « shift » latéral du domaine rifté (OOB), puis sa divergence le long de la branche d'Eyasi (DNT) à la présence d'une discontinuité transverse protérozoïque, à laquelle on rapporte aussi le développement précoce et 'hors axe' du segment magmatique des « Crater Highlands », démontrant ainsi l'importance de l'héritage structural sur la cinématique du rifting. L’analyse quantitative des populations de failles démontre le caractère « restricted » des failles intrarift et aboutit aussi à préciser l'évolution, dans l'espace et le temps, du taux d'extension, depuis un stade précoce à déformation localisée jusqu'à un stade récent à déformation diffuse (<3 Ma). L’analyse des réseaux de drainage identifiés sur le compartiment de socle bordant à l'ouest le dispositif RSK-NTD démontre (1) leur contrôle étroit par le dispositif lithologique et tectonique du socle, (2) la nature polyphasée du soulèvement lié aux failles bordières, et (3) le caractère déséquilibré du réseau actuel en cours de soulèvementAny kinematic model applied to the southerly-propagating and diverging South Kenya rift (SKR) should necessarily integrate the structure of the Magadi-Natron axial trough (previous studies), but also those of the Oldoinyo Ogol (OOB) offset block to the west. Our work is chiefly based on SRTM 30 m satellite imagery analysis, and allows us (1) to precise the morphostructural arrangement of the entire SKR,(2) to identify 2 successive border faults systems, (3) to emphasize the role of the Ol Doinyo Ogol master fault, (4) to elaborate a 2-stage rift model (7-3 Ma et <3 Ma), and (5) to attribute a key-role to a transverse Proterozoic discontinuity on the lateral shift of the OOB, as well as on the split of the rift into the Eyasi rift arm and on the off-axis location of the early Crater Highlands magmatic segment, hence demonstrating the importance of basement structural inheritance on rift kinematics.The quantitative analysis of fault populations shows the restricted nature of most intra-rift faults, and leads us to precise the spatiotemporal evolution of extension from a stage of localized strain (border faults) to a stage of diffuse extension (<3 Ma).From the analysis of the river drainage extracted from the basement uplifted block bounding the rift system to the west, it is assumed that (1) lithological and tectonic basement features exerted a strong control on the river network, (2) fault-related basement uplift is polyphased, and (3) the unsteady nature of the present-day river drainage is due to still active rift-flank uplift in the southern portion of the rift system
21
Kementzetzidou, Despina. "Étude sismotectonique du sysème Thessalie-iles Sporades (Grèce centrale)." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10045.
Full textAbstract:
La deformation sismique dans la region de la thessalie, de l'eubee et des iles sporades est analysee a partir de donnees microsismiques. Ces donnees ont ete recueillies par un reseau sismologique de 70 stations, operationnel pendant une periode de 2 mois, qui a permis l'enregistrement de 434 seismes. La repartition de la sismicite marque les structures recentes de direction e-w en thessalie, mais aussi les failles de direction nw-se de l'eubee. L'alignement de sismicite observe sur la faille sud du golfe pagasitikos se prolonge vers les iles sporades selon une direction ene, en accord avec la direction des traits structuraux majeurs de la mer nord egee. Les mecanismes au foyer obtenus sont associes a une extension n-s dans la partie ouest de la thessalie et evoluent progressivement vers l'est en decrochement dextre de direction ne-sw, dans la region des iles sporades. En eubee, les mecanismes sont en decrochement suivant une direction nw-se, avec une composante variable d'extension. La comparaison entre un regime global d'extension, affectant l'interieur du domaine egeen, et ceux deduits de nos observations est effectuee a l'aide des axes p et t. L'eubee et la partie est de la thessalie semblent etre influencees, comme la mer nord egee, par le deplacement vers l'ouest du bloc anatolien. Par une approche cinematique obtenue a partir des vecteurs glissement, on estime le deplacement, par rapport a l'eurasie, des blocs limites par les failles de l'eubee, de locride et du golfe de corinthe. Ce deplacement est de direction ssw, compatible avec la direction des vecteurs glissement obtenus pour la thessalie
22
Andrade, Fabrício Luís de. "Movimento de blocos rochosos: um estudo acerca do risco e sua percepção no Morro do Cristo em Juiz de Fora-MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/308.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-17T19:47:15Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
fabricioluisdeandrade.pdf: 7057434 bytes, checksum: a55af7d732de984b9bfdfca483496632 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T15:12:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabricioluisdeandrade.pdf: 7057434 bytes, checksum: a55af7d732de984b9bfdfca483496632 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T15:12:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabricioluisdeandrade.pdf: 7057434 bytes, checksum: a55af7d732de984b9bfdfca483496632 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-04
FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e detalhar pontos com risco para movimentos de massa - na tipologia movimento de blocos rochosos - na área tombada do Morro do Cristo em Juiz de Fora, MG, bem como a percepção deste risco por parte da população residente nas áreas consideradas mais vulneráveis junto ao sopé da mesma. O estudo foi desenvolvido na porção compreendida pelo polígono estabelecido pelas ruas Espírito Santo e São Sebastião, sentido N-S e pela vertente tombada do Morro do Cristo e a Av. Olegário Maciel, sentido WE. O estudo foi dividido em quatro etapas: na primeira etapa buscou-se identificar e avaliar a estabilidade dos blocos de rocha com dimensões iguais ou superiores a 100x100x100cm. Para tanto, foi utilizada a ficha de avaliação de estabilidade de blocos rochosos (BRASIL, 2011). Na segunda etapa identificou-se as tipologias dos movimentos dos blocos classificados como instáveis e muito instáveis (INFANTI e FORNASARI, 1998). Na terceira etapa verificou-se a percepção de risco que os moradores das áreas mais vulneráveis possuem, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, que foram transcritas e tiveram seu conteúdo analisado conforme Bardin (1977). Na quarta e última etapa foram elaboradas uma árvore de falhas e um diagrama de causa e consequência (ROCHA, 2005). Um total de trinta (30) blocos foram identificados e avaliados, sendo que destes, três (3) se encontravam instáveis e dez (10) muito instáveis. As quedas e rolamentos mostraram-se como os movimentos comuns no local. Os resultados das entrevistas revelaram uma baixa percepção do risco por parte dos moradores. Consequências naturais e/ou antrópicas são as causas possíveis para as quedas e/ou rolamentos de blocos de rocha. As medidas para a redução da instabilidade dos blocos de rocha e conseqüente redução do risco no local consistem em intervenções de responsabilidade do poder público. A partir desses dados é possível apontar a condição de alto risco para movimento de blocos de rocha na área de estudo.
This research had as its objective to identify and detail risky points for mass movements – in the rock block movement typology – in the protected area of Morro do Cristo in Juiz de Fora, MG, as well as the perception of this risk by part of the population residing in the areas considered to be more vulnerable by its foothills. The study was developed in the part surrounded by the polygon made by the streets Espírito Santo and São Sebastião, running N-S and by the protected slope of Morro do Cristo and Av. Olegário Maciel, running W-E. the study was divided in four stages: on the first stage we sought to identify and evaluate the stability of the rock blocks with dimensions of or above 100x100x100cm. For that we used the rock block stabilization evaluation form (BRASIL, 2011). On the second stage we identified the movement typology of the blocks classified as unstable and very unstable (INFANTI and FORNASARI, 1998). On the third stage we elaborated a tree of faults and a diagram of cause and effect (ROCHA, 2005). On the fourth and last stage we verified the perception of risk that the residents of the more vulnerable areas suffer by means of semistructured interview, which were transcribed and had their content analyzed according to Bardin (1977). A total of thirty (30) were identified and evaluated, out of them, three (3) were found unstable and ten (10) very unstable. The falls and rolls presented themselves as common movements in the place. The results of the interviews revealed a low perception of risk by part of the residents. Natural and/or man-made consequences are the possible causes for the falls and/or rolls of rock blocks. The measures for the reduction of the instability of the rock blocks and consequent reduction of risk in the place are interventions liable to the public authorities. From this data it is possible to point out a high-risk condition for the rock block movements in the studied area.
23
MICHEL-NOEL, GERARD. "Mecanismes et evolution de l'extension intracontinentale des "basin and range", et developpement tectonique des bassins sedimentaires." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066419.
Full textAbstract:
Vers le milieu de l'ere tertiaire, la province des basin and range est passee d'un regime compressif a un severe regime distensif responsable de sa morphologie typique. C'est une des regions les plus etudiees au monde. De tres nombreuses etudes des structures (systemes de failles normales, blocs bascules d'echelle crustale, importantes surfaces de detachement) y ont ete realisees. L'etude des structures distensives vise a clarifier certains aspects de la deformation et de l'evolution de la province. Le travail s'est poursuivi sous la forme de deux approches complementaires. L'une purement qualitative consiste en une observation detaillee des structures et des rapports qu'elles ont entre elles : geometrie des failles, phenomenes de basculements, relations entre les divers types de fracturation, tectonique synsedimentaire, relation avec le volcanisme. . . L'autre est plus quantitative; il s'agit de la reconstitution des paleocontraintes et de l'eavaluation du taux d'extension. La combinaison des resultats qualitatifs et quantitatifs permet d'ameliorer notre comprehension des mecanismes et de l'evolution spatio-temporelle de l'extension. La determination des directions d'extension montre que l'histoire cenozoique de la province des basin and range a ete tres complexe. Chaque phase extensive est caracterisee par l'association de failles normales et decrochantes. Ces dernieres ont ete divisees en deux categories : les decrochements conjugues et les failles de transfert. L'analyse des rapports entre failles normales et decrochantes associee a l'observation detaillee de la tectonique synsedimentaire permet de reconstituer les etapes de la formation des bassins etudies
24
Orjuela, Rodolfo. "Contribution à l'estimation d'état et au diagnostic des systèmes représentés par des multimodèles." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359631.
Full textAbstract:
Nombreux sont les problèmes classiquement rencontrés dans les sciences de l'ingénieur dont la résolution fait appel à l'estimation d'état d'un système par le biais d'un observateur. La synthèse d'un observateur n'est envisageable qu'à la condition de disposer d'un modèle à la fois exploitable et représentatif du comportement dynamique du système. Or, la modélisation du système et la synthèse de l'observateur deviennent des tâches difficiles à accomplir dès lors que le comportement dynamique du système doit être représenté par un modèle de nature non linéaire. Face à ces difficultés, l'approche multimodèle peut être mise à profit.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur les problèmes soulevés par l'identification, l'estimation d'état et le diagnostic de systèmes non linéaires représentés à l'aide d'un multimodèle découplé. Ce dernier, composé de sous-modèles qui peuvent être de dimensions différentes, est doté d'un haut degré de généralité et de flexibilité et s'adapte particulièrement bien à la modélisation des systèmes complexes à structure variable. Cette caractéristique le démarque des approches multimodèles plus conventionnelles qui ont recours à des sous-modèles de même dimension.
Après une brève introduction à l'approche multimodèle, le problème de l'estimation paramétrique du multimodèle découplé est abordé. Puis sont présentés des algorithmes de synthèse d'observateurs d'état robustes vis-à-vis des perturbations, des incertitudes paramétriques et des entrées inconnues affectant le système. Ces algorithmes sont élaborés à partir de trois types d'observateurs dits à gain proportionnel, à gain proportionnel-intégral et à gain multi-intégral. Enfin, les différentes phases d'identification, de synthèse d'observateurs et de génération d'indicateurs de défauts sont illustrées au moyen d'un exemple académique de diagnostic du fonctionnement d'un bioréacteur.
25
"Block ciphers : security proofs, cryptanalysis, design, and fault attacks." Université catholique de Louvain, 2005. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-01282005-182516/.
Full text
26
Fei, Yueying. "A fault-tolerant building block for transputer networks for real-time processing." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1359.
Full textAbstract:
Software Implementation of Multi-Processor Fault Tolerance for Real-Time processing is addressed in this thesis with the research focused on: • Fault-Tolerant cells as building blocks that can survive concurrent transient physical faults and permanent failures in large parallel processing systems with potential for real-time processing. • Efficient group communications for redundant data exchanges through multiple communication links that connect the group peers. • Transparent fault-tolerance. • On-Line Forward Fault-Repair using the live execution image from the non-faulty peer with a bounded delay. By systematically connecting the redundant processing modules, the architecture offers regularity and recursiveness which can be used as building blocks for construction of fault-tolerant parallel machines. The communication service protocols take advantage of redundant linkages to ensure reliable and efficient message deliveries among the fault-tolerant abstract transputer peer nodes through the concept of activity observation. The multiple redundant linkages provide a means for parallel communications. This is essential for redundant information exchanges in fault-tolerance. The activity observation concept further reduces the effort for reliable message delivery and simplifies the system design. As a result, messages are dynamically and optimally routed when link failure or processor failure occurs. Through the group communication mechanism underlying the platform, application processes on each FTAT peer node are transparent to details that they are replicated, repaired upon fault detections, and reintegrated after fault repair. Based on a dynamic Triple Modular Redundancy scheme, each application process can survive up to two concurrent faults under the assumption that the probability of two faulty peer applications having the same fault is very small. In a large interconnected network, the cost of fault-tolerance can be very expensive in terms of time and communication due to the cost of either synchronization or rollback recovery. The use of redundant live execution images to repair the faulty module guarantees forward fault recoveries.
27
Sarasamma, Suseela T. "Distributed fault tolerant routing algorithm for an interconnection network based on balanced incomplete block design." Thesis, 1990. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3047/1/MM59186.pdf.
Full text
28
Benisek, Merle-Friederike [Verfasser]. "Facies and stratigraphic architecture of two early miocene fault-block carbonate platforms in North Sardinia (Italy, Western Mediterranean Sea) / vorgelegt von Merle-Friederike Benisek." 2008. http://d-nb.info/990167100/34.
Full text
29
Gryger, Sean Michael. "Geologic framework of the Sierra Mojada mining district, Coahuila, Mexico : an integrative study of a Mesozoic platform-basin margin." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2637.
Full textAbstract:
The geology of the Sierra Mojada silver-lead-zinc mining district gives new insights into the stratigraphic evolution of the Coahuila Block and the Coahuila Folded Belt and the history of deformation along the basement-rooted San Marcos Fault Zone. Sierra Mojada provides the opportunity for substantial data collection relevant to the interaction of regional tectono-stratigraphic elements in a generally data-poor region of northeastern Mexico. Active mineral exploration has produced an extensive database of closely spaced drill core. Expansive underground workings facilitate subsurface geologic mapping. Sierra Mojada is situated at the northwestern edge of two tectono-stratigraphic provinces, the Coahuila Block, to the south, and the Coahuila Folded Belt, to the north. The San Marcos Fault, a west-northwest-trending regional structure extends through Sierra Mojada and is the informal boundary between these two provinces.
Sierra Mojada is situated on uplifted and deformed late Paleozoic Ouachita siliciclastic strata intruded by Triassic diorites. This basement is diagnostic of the Coahuila Block. Basement rocks are overlain by an immature conglomerate that is interpreted to be the updip equivalent of the Jurassic La Casita Formation. The stratigraphy of Sierra Mojada principally consists of a continuous succession of Barremian through Albian carbonates unconformably overlying the basal conglomerate. The Barremian-Aptian Cupido Formation locally records deepening conditions from a clastic-influenced evaporitic interior to high energy, open water conditions. The shale and lime mudstone of the La Pena Formation were deposited during a Gulf-wide transgression that signals the end of the Aptian. The Sierra Mojada region of the Coahuila Block was inundated throughout the Aptian and was affected by the late Aptian transgression. The Albian Aurora Formation constitutes the bulk of the Cretaceous section. Sierra Mojada exposes the Aurora shelf rim, progressing from platform margin to shelf rim and platform interior facies.
The structural features of Sierra Mojada affect the entire Cretaceous section. The high angle San Marcos Fault was reactivated with reverse motion during the Paleogene as a result of Laramide shortening. This juxtaposed basement and Jurassic conglomerate against the Cretaceous carbonates consistent with offset observed along the southern trace of the San Marcos Fault. A local colluvial unit suggests a lag in Laramide deformation. The carbonate strata and colluvial unit were overridden by a low angle, northeast-dipping thrust fault that placed a Neocomian through Aptian sequence atop the autochthonous Aptian-Albian carbonates. The allochthonous San Marcos Formation suggests regional-scale tectonic transport of this immature fluvial conglomerate from a downdip depozone within the Sabinas Basin. Kinematic indicators are consistent with the southwest-northeast axis for maximum compression established for Paleogene shortening throughout the Coahuila Folded Belt. The thrust fault bisects the principal ore zone within the Lower Aurora and upper La Pena Formations. This relation constrains the minimum age of ore emplacement to the Paleogene and suggests mineralization was genetically tied to the late stages of the Laramide Orogeny.text
30
Hlaváčková, Šárka. "3D seismická interpretace a zpracování modelu schrattenbergského zlomového systému v oblasti Valtic." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307051.
Full textAbstract:
3D SEISMIC INTERPRETATION AND MODEL OF THE SCHRATTENBERG FAULT SYSTEM IN THE VALTICE AREA Šárka Hlaváčková Abstract The Schrattenberg normal fault system represents a dominant feature of the western margin of the Vienna Basin. Along with the Steinberg fault, they controlled the sedimentary and tectonic development of the area, and considerably participated in the deposition of the basin fill during a relatively short period of time in the Miocene. A detailed interpretation of the fault system is essential for full understanding of the local basin development and its geological architecture. The oil exploration industry targets mainly the Steinberg and Schrattenberg fault system because of the occurrences of oil and natural gas deposits that are related to the basin tectonics, which forms structural traps sealed by the main fault systems or by minor synthetic or antithetic faults. The thesis presents a geological framework of the Mistelbach block near Valtice at the western margin of the Vienna Basin. Geological interpretation includes also the fault framework modeling with the emphasis on the course of the Schrattenberg fault system. The model was built in the Petrel interpretation software with the use of the principles of the 3D seismic interpretation. In particular, seismic stratigraphy methods, Petrel...
31
Brem, Arjan Gerben. "The Late Proterozoic to Palaeozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Long Range Mountains in Southwestern Newfoundland." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2748.
Full textAbstract:
Ever since the first plate-tectonic model for the Appalachians was proposed, the Laurentian margin has been interpreted as having experienced a collision-related dynamo-thermal event during the Middle Ordovician Taconic orogeny. In the western Newfoundland Appalachians, evidence for this collision is well-preserved in the Dashwoods subzone. Nevertheless, rocks of the neighbouring Corner Brook Lake block (CBLB), which is located in the heart of the Laurentian realm, did not show evidence for such an event. Instead, it was affected by Early Silurian Salinic deformation and associated peak metamorphism. Even though this difference in Early Palaeozoic tectonic history between the Dashwoods and the CBLB is widely known, it has not been satisfactorily explained.
To better understand the Early Palaeozoic history of the region, in particular to test and better explain the lack of a Taconic dynamo-thermal event in the CBLB, field mapping, microscopic work, and U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological studies were undertaken in the western and northern part of the Dashwoods subzone, and in the southern part of the CBLB. In addition, the kinematic history of the Baie Verte-Brompton Line - Cabot Fault Zone (BCZ), the tectonic zone that separates the two unique tectonic fragments, was studied.
The western and northern parts of the Dashwoods subzone contain variably foliated igneous units of Middle Ordovician age (ca. 460 Ma) that are associated with the regionally voluminous Notre Dame continental arc. A ca. 455 Ma conjugate set of late syn-tectonic pegmatite dykes in the BCZ demonstrates a dextral sense of shear along the BCZ (DBCZ-1) during the Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian, and constrains the minimum age of the main phase of ductile deformation in the Dashwoods subzone.
The fault-bounded CBLB has been affected by a single west-vergent deformational event, constrained between ca. 434 and ca. 427 Ma. More importantly, no evidence – neither petrographic nor geochronological – is present that would indicate that the CBLB was affected by a significant Taconic dynamo-thermal event. Hence, the CBLB and Dashwoods could not have been juxtaposed until after the late Early Silurian. Furthermore, the basement to the CBLB is devoid of any Grenville (sensu lato; ca. 1.0-1.3 Ga) U-Pb ages, which is in sharp contrast with crystalline basement elsewhere in the region, such as the Long Range Inlier. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that the CBLB represents the para-autochthonous leading edge of the Laurentian craton in the Newfoundland Appalachians, as commonly accepted. The CBLB is interpreted as a suspect terrane that has moved over 500 km parallel to the strike of the orogen. Docking to the external Humber Zone is likely to have occurred during the Early Silurian. Final juxtaposition with the Dashwoods took place after the late Early Silurian (post-Salinic) as a result of protracted dextral movement along the BCZ (DBCZ-2 and DBCZ-5).
Current tectonic models for the Newfoundland Appalachians mainly focus on well-documented Early Palaeozoic orthogonal convergence of various terranes with the Laurentian margin, but large-scale orogen-parallel movements have rarely been considered. The possibility of large-scale strike-slip tectonics documented here, in addition to the convergent motions, may have significant implications for the tectonic interpretation of the Early Palaeozoic evolution of the Newfoundland Appalachians.
32
Brito, Palma Luis. "Fault Detection, Diagnosis and Fault Tolerance Approaches in Dynamic Systems based on Black-Box Models." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/66049.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation new contributions to the research area of fault detection and diagnosis in
dynamic systems are presented. The main research effort has been done on the development
of new on-line model-based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) approaches based on blackbox
models (linear ARX models, and neural nonlinear ARX models). From a theoretical point
of view a white-box model is more desirable to perform the FDD tasks, but in most cases it is
very hard, or even impossible, to obtain. When the systems are complex, or difficult to model,
modelling based on black-box models is usually a good and often the only alternative. The
performance of the system identification methods plays a crucial role in the FDD methods
proposed.
Great research efforts have been made on the development of linear and nonlinear FDD
approaches to detect and diagnose multiplicative (parametric) faults, since most of the past
research work has been done focused on additive faults on sensors and actuators.
The main pre-requisites for the FDD methods developed are: a) the on-line application in a
real-time environment for systems under closed-loop control; b) the algorithms must be
implemented in discrete time, and the plants are systems in continuous time; c) a two or three
dimensional space for visualization and interpretation of the fault symptoms. An engineering
and pragmatic view of FDD approaches has been followed, and some new theoretical
contributions are presented in this dissertation.
The fault tolerance problem and the fault tolerant control (FTC) have been investigated, and
some ideas of the new FDD approaches have been incorporated in the FTC context.
One of the main ideas underlying the research done in this work is to detect and diagnose
faults occurring in continuous time systems via the analysis of the effect on the parameters of
the discrete time black-box ARX models or associated features. In the FDD methods
proposed, models for nominal operation and models for each faulty situation are constructed
in off-line operation, and used a posteriori in on-line operation.
The state of the art and some background concepts used for the research come from many
scientific areas. The main concepts related to data mining, multivariate statistics (principal
component analysis, PCA), linear and nonlinear dynamic systems, black-box models, system
identification, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD), pattern recognition and discriminant
analysis, and fault tolerant control (FTC), are briefly described. A sliding window version of
the principal components regression algorithm, termed SW-PCR, is proposed for parameter estimation. The sliding window parameter estimation algorithms are most appropriate for
fault detection and diagnosis than the recursive algorithms.
For linear SISO systems, a new fault detection and diagnosis approach based on dynamic
features (static gain and bandwidth) of ARX models is proposed, using a pattern classification
approach based on neural nonlinear discriminant analysis (NNLDA). A new approach for
fault detection (FDE) is proposed based on the application of the PCA method to the
parameter space of ARX models; this allows a dimensional reduction, and the definition of
thresholds based on multivariate statistics. This FDE method has been combined with a fault
diagnosis (FDG) method based on an influence matrix (IMX). This combined FDD method
(PCA & IMX) is suitable to deal with SISO or MIMO linear systems.
Most of the research on the fault detection and diagnosis area has been done for linear
systems. Few investigations exist in the FDD approaches for nonlinear systems. In this work,
two new nonlinear approaches to FDD are proposed that are appropriate to SISO or MISO
systems. A new architecture for a neural recurrent output predictor (NROP) is proposed,
incorporating an embedded neural parallel model, an external feedback and an adjustable gain
(design parameter). A new fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) approach for nonlinear
systems is proposed based on a bank of neural recurrent output predictors (NROPs). Each
neural NROP predictor is tuned to a specific fault. Also, a new FDD method based on the
application of neural nonlinear PCA to ARX model parameters is proposed, combined with a
pattern classification approach based on neural nonlinear discriminant analysis.
In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed FDD methodologies, many experiments
have been done using simulation models and a real setup. All the algorithms have been
developed in discrete time, except the process models. The process models considered for the
validation and tests of the FDD approaches are: a) a first order linear SISO system; b) a
second order SISO model of a DC motor; c) a MIMO system model, the three-tank
benchmark. A real nonlinear DC motor setup has also been used. A fault tolerant control
(FTC) approach has been proposed to solve the typical reconfiguration problem formulated
for the three-tank benchmark. This FTC approach incorporates the FDD method based on a
bank of NROP predictors, and on an adaptive optimal linear quadratic Gaussian controller.
33
Miller, Scott Ruthardt. "Geomorphology of laterally advected fault blocks in convergent orogens." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1434/index.html.
Full text
34
Huang, Hung-Kai, and 黃泓凱. "Adaptive Block-Based Refresh Techniques for Mitigation of Data Retention Faults." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hyx32m.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
104
For dynamic random access memory (DRAM), data retention time of DRAM cells dominate the refresh power consumption and fabrication yield. Although extending the standard refresh period is one of the most widely used method for reducing refresh power, however, it will inevitably cause further data retention faults. Recently, there are many techniques proposed for repairing or avoidance of these faults. For example, error detection and correction codes (EDAC) can be used to correct data retention faults. However, EDAC requires extra hardware cost for implementing the encoding/decoding circuits. Besides, it also sacrifices the protection ability for transient faults. Other techniques try to logically partition the DRAM address space into spatially disjoint regions. Thereafter, a suitable refresh period is allocated for each region. The main drawback is that the refresh period is limited by the cell with the shortest data retention time in each region. In this thesis, two adaptive block-based refresh techniques for reducing DRAM refresh power and mitigation of data retention faults are proposed. For the first technique, we develop a control word remapping approach. We partition a memory bank into spatially disjoint sub-banks. A sub-bank can recover a row which includes data retention faults. We remap this row to the bottom of this sub-bank by the associated control word and allocate a suitable refresh period for it. Alternately, the other rows in the same sub-bank can use an extended refresh period. The second technique is an address remapping approach. We define a cluster region formed by remapping the rows which include data retention faults. We reconfigure the mapping between the physical address and logical address to achieve this goal. Then, we provide the required refresh periods for these rows to mitigate their faults. Thereafter, the rows which do not belong to the cluster region can use an extended refresh period. These two techniques reduce the number of rows which should be refreshed too often. Besides, the rows which contain data retention faults still can be refreshed adequately. Experimental results show that sub-bank address remapping technique can save 74.97% refresh power and CAM-based address remapping technique also can save 86.67% refresh power with less than 1% hardware overhead for a 1-Gb DRAM. In our simulation, we assume that the data retention time follows the normal distribution. If we decrease the standard refresh period from 64 ms to 32 ms, 16 ms, and 8 ms; the yield can be improved 0.68, 0.96, and 1.09 times, respectively.
35
Ellis, Barbara Jean. "Changing tectonic regimes in the southern Salinian block : extension, strike-slip faulting, compression and rotation in the Cuyama Valley, California /." 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11219.
Full text
36
Tsai, Ti-Ming, and 蔡志銘. "Test and Diagnosis of Faulty Logic Blocks in FPGA." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98523178504845682855.
Full text
37
Agle, Paul A. "Fault-induced fluid migration and mineralization along major faults Mohawk Valley, NYS as an outcrop analog for the Trenton/Black River gas plays in the Finger Lakes region, NYS /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594476611&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 14, 2009) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Jacobi, Robert D. Includes bibliographical references.
38
Francis, Ashley Hunt. "Deformation history of the Maya and Chortis blocks: Insight to the evolution of the Motagua fault zone, Guatemala." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17777.
Full textAbstract:
Structural analysis of units astride the Motagua fault zone, the boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates in Guatemala, is critical to understanding the tectonic evolution of the northwestern Caribbean region. Existing models consider minimal geochronological data and are based on little structural data. Furthermore, published studies of the region predate concepts of microstructures and kinematic indicators. This study integrates classical structural analysis, contemporary techniques, and geochronological data to constrain a tectonic model for the Maya and Chords blocks. Four ductile phases in the Maya block and five in the Chortis block signal two separate tectonic collisions, as progression of structures and strain fields of Maya and Chortis is not correlative. Evidence is presented for collision of Chords and southwestern Mexico at ∼120Ma and for Maya and the Nicaraguan Rise at ∼70Ma. Four brittle phases in both blocks reflect recent deformation following translation of Chords to its current position.
39
Andreas, Dieter. "Der Thüringer Wald im Zeitraum der Stefan-Unterperm-Entwicklung - ein Abschnitt der Zentraleuropäischen N-S-Riftzone innerhalb des Mitteleuropäischen Großschollenscharniers." Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22893.
Full textAbstract:
Die einer unterschiedlichen Genese zuordenbaren tektonischen Strukturen, welche sich im Raum des Thüringer Waldes bündeln, formten in einem gerichteten Entwicklungsablauf das komplizierteste und vielseitigste hochoberkarbonisch-unterpermische Strukturgebäude Mitteleuropas. In dieser Arbeit wird der Versuch einer Synthese der strukturellen und der daran geknüpften vulkanogen-sedimentären Entwicklung innerhalb der permokarbonischen Thüringer Wald-Senke und ihres unmittelbaren mitteleuropäischen Umfeldes unternommen. Sie stützt sich dabei maßgeblich auf die Ergebnisse langfristig durchgeführter Kartierungsarbeiten, die in diskontinuierlichen Bearbeitungsphasen seit 1957 bis in die 90er Jahre des vergangenen Jahrhunderts erfolgten. Einbezogen werden die Ergebnisse von insgesamt 54 Forschungs- und Erkundungsbohrungen, die zu einem Großteil im Kontext dieser Arbeiten geteuft worden sind. 36 Bohrprofile werden hier erstmals vollständig beschrieben und publiziert. Neben einer nochmaligen Überprüfung der gesamten lithostratigraphischen Abfolge in der permokarbonischen Thüringer Wald-Senke besteht die Zielstellung der Arbeit in deren Einbindung in die regionale mitteleuropäische strukturelle Entwicklung während dieser Zeitspanne, beginnend bei den potenziellen variszisch-kollisional angelegten Wurzeln der permokarbonischen Strukturen, über ihre weitere tektono-magmatische Ausgestaltung bis hin zur Ausprägung der postvariszischen Großschollenfelderung Mitteleuropas am Ende des Permokarbons.