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Journal articles on the topic 'Fault trenching'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Masana, E., J. A. Villamarín, J. Sánchez Cabañero, J. Plaza, and P. Santanach. "Seismogenic faulting in an area of low seismic activity: Paleoseismicity of the El Camp fault (Northeast Spain)." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80, no. 3-4 (2001): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023854.

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AbstractGiven that earthquakes do not occur only along high slip-rate faults, slow moving seismogenic faults should be characterized in order to minimize seismic hazard uncertainties. Although no historical earthquakes related to the El Camp fault have been documented, earlier regional geological analysis and the presence of a fault scarp provide evidence of its activity. A paleoseismological study on the southern part of the fault was performed in accordance with the following steps: 1) geological and géomorphologie analysis focussing on the detection of evidence for the seismogenic behavior

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2

Zhang, Di, Jiacun Li, Zhonghai Wu, and Lili Ren. "Reconstructing the Geometry of the Yushu Fault in the Tibetan Plateau Using TLS, GPR and Trenching." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (2023): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15081994.

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Although geomorphic evidence and shallow geometry of active faults are significant for the understanding and assessing of fault activity and seismic hazards, it is challenging to acquire high-resolution topographic data and shallow geometry of the Yushu fault by conventional methods. Here, we present a case study to reconstruct the detailed surficial and subsurface geometry of the Yushu fault using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), multi-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) and trenching. TLS was suitable for measuring the high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) topographic data of the faul

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3

Vanneste, Kris, Koen Verbeeck, and Toon Petermans. "Pseudo-3D imaging of a low-slip-rate, active normal fault using shallow geophysical methods: The Geleen fault in the Belgian Maas River valley." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 1 (2008): B1—B9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2816428.

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In a detailed site survey for paleoseismic trenching, we applied shallow geophysical prospecting techniques, including ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electric resistivity tomography (ERT), and resistivity mapping to identify, locate, and visualize in 3D the Geleen fault, an active normal fault bordering the Roer Valley graben in northeast Belgium. Because of a low slip rate, the geomorphic expression of this fault is very faint in the relatively young deposits of the Maas River valley. ERT profiles show the fault as a broad, near-vertical anomaly characterized by sharp lateral resistivity con

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4

Hanafy, Sherif M., Ann Mattson, Ronald L. Bruhn, Shengdong Liu, and Gerard T. Schuster. "Outcrops and well logs as a practicum for calibrating the accuracy of traveltime tomograms." Interpretation 3, no. 3 (2015): SY27—SY40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0217.1.

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We have developed two case studies demonstrating the use of high-resolution seismic tomography and reflection imaging in the field of paleoseismology. The first study, of the Washington fault in southern Utah, USA, evaluated the subsurface deposits in the hanging wall of the normal fault. The second study, of the Mercur fault in the eastern Great Basin of Utah, USA, helped to establish borehole locations for sampling subsurface colluvial deposits buried deeper than those previously trenched along the fault zone. We evaluated the seismic data interpretations by comparison with data obtained by

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5

Tan, Xin, Kuan Liang, Baoqi Ma, and Zhongtai He. "Newly Discovered NE-Striking Dextral Strike-Slip Holocene Active Caimashui Fault in the Central Part of the Sichuan-Yunnan Block and Its Tectonic Significance." Remote Sensing 16, no. 17 (2024): 3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16173203.

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The Sichuan-Yunnan block is a tectonically active region in China, with frequent large earthquakes occurring in and around it. Despite most earthquakes being concentrated along boundary faults, intraplate faults also have the potential to generate damaging earthquakes. Remote sensing makes it possible to identify these potential earthquake source faults. During an active fault investigation in the Liangshan area, a distinct lithological boundary named Caimashui fault was found. The geometric distribution and kinematic parameter of the fault is crucial for assessing seismic hazards and understa

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6

OKADA, A., and T. TSUKUDA. "Trenching Study for the Yasutomi Fault of the Yamasaki Fault System." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 96, no. 2 (1987): Plate1—Plate2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.96.2_plate1.

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7

Grützner, Christoph, Simone Aschenbrenner, Petra Jamšek Rupnik, et al. "Holocene surface-rupturing earthquakes on the Dinaric Fault System, western Slovenia." Solid Earth 12, no. 10 (2021): 2211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2211-2021.

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Abstract. The Dinaric Fault System in western Slovenia, consisting of NW–SE-trending, right-lateral strike-slip faults, accommodates the northward motion of Adria with respect to Eurasia. These active faults show a clear imprint in the morphology, and some of them hosted moderate instrumental earthquakes. However, it is largely unknown if the faults also had strong earthquakes in the late Quaternary. This hampers our understanding of the regional tectonics and the seismic hazard. Geological evidence of co-seismic surface ruptures only exists for one historical event, the 1511 Idrija earthquake

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8

Παυλίδης, Σ. B., Σ. Βαλκανιώτης, A. Γκανάς, Δ. Κεραμυδάς, and Σ. Σμπόρας. "THE ATALANTI ACTIVE FAULT: RE-EVALUATION USING NEW GEOLOGICAL DATA." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (2004): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16545.

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The Northern Gulf of Evoia is a region with an intense neotectonic activity, dominated by characteristic and impressive active faults. The only fault in the region which is connected with a strong historical earthquake, is the Atalanti fault, with the well-known earthquake sequence of 1894. For an accurate mapping of the fault trace, the 1894 surface ruptures investigation and the estimation of the area's seismic hazard, there has been made a detailed geological - neotectonic investigation of the Atalanti city area. The results of this investigation show that the Atalanti fault comprises a 20-

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9

Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki, Jeffrey S. Perez, Jaime U. Marjes, Kathleen L. Papiona, and Noelynna T. Ramos. "Coseismic Displacement and Recurrence Interval of the 1973 Ragay Gulf Earthquake, Southern Luzon, Philippines." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 1 (2015): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0083.

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The 1973 Ragay Gulf earthquake produced an onshore surface rupture approximately 30 km in length along the Guinayangan segment of the Philippine fault in southern Luzon Island. Through geologic mapping and paleoseismic trenching, we have characterized the amount of coseismic offsets, the average recurrence interval, and the slip rate of the segment. The coseismic offsets we identified in the field were fairly constant along the fault, ranging from 1 to 2 m. Paleoseismic trenching at the Capuluan Tulon site exposed stratigraphic evidence for three or possibly four surfacerupturing events after

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10

Liang, Mingjian, Yun Dong, Cheng Liao, et al. "Holocene Activity of the Wudaoliang–Changshagongma Fault of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (2023): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092458.

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The Wudaoliang–Changshagongma fault is one of the NW-trending faults located within the southern Bayan Har Block of the Tibetan Plateau in China. In this paper, we used high-resolution imagery and digital elevation model data to study the geomorphological and geological characteristics of the fault. Furthermore, the result also determined the fault trace and estimated the average horizontal slip rate of the fault since the late Quaternary to have been 2.6 ± 0.6 mm/a. This slip rate is approximately equivalent to that of the Awancang, Madoi–Garde, and Dari faults, which are also located within

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11

Miyashita, Yukari, Takahiro Yamamoto, Toshikazu Yoshioka, et al. "Trenching survey of the Sekiya fault in Tochigi Prefecture." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 107, no. 11 (2001): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.107.722.

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12

Maurizio, Ercoli, Pauselli Cristina, Romana Cinti Francesca, Forte Emanuele, and Volpe Roberto. "Imaging of an active fault: Comparison between 3D GPR data and outcrops at the Castrovillari fault, Calabria, Italy." Interpretation 3, no. 3 (2015): SY57—SY66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0234.1.

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We have integrated and analyzed a 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) volume with a trenching exposure data set to evaluate the potential of these methods individually and combined for study of a fault zone. We chose a test site across a branch of the active Castrovillari fault in the Northern Calabria (Southern Italy). This tectonic structure is one of the most active in the area, and it has generated strong earthquakes in the past. Based on analysis of previously collected data, a 3D GPR survey was carried out 1.2 m from a fault outcrop. The goal was to use the GPR volume to guide and optimize

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13

Zhao, Shuai, Yongqi Meng, Zhenning Ma, and Jiajun Sun. "Fault Attitude of the North Section of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault at Beijing, China and Its Effects on the Ground Rupture." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 24, no. 4 (2019): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg24.4.549.

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Worldwide, slip on earthquake faults causes numerous disasters, resulting in large losses in human life and built structures. To minimize future losses associated with earthquakes along such faults, it is important to precisely locate the faults relative to the built environment and to determine the subsurface geometry of the faults. In Beijing, China, we used shallow-depth geophysical methods to evaluate the location and subsurface geometry of the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault (HGF), one of the principal tectonic faults of Beijing area. We used seismic reflection and refraction tomography, mult

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14

Sylvester, Arthur, Robert Smith, Christopher Hitchcock, and John Byrd. "Interseismic Hanging Wall Uplift on Teton Normal Fault, Grand Teton National Park Wyoming, 1988-1997, Measured by Precise Leveling." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 21 (January 1, 1997): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1997.3331.

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The 55 km-long Teton normal fault at the eastern base of the Teton Range, Wyoming, has one the highest rates of Holocene slip of any fault in the Basin-Range, but it is seismically dormant at the M2 + level and presently lies in the center of a 50 km-long seismic gap (Byrd et al, 1993). Analyses of trenching, fault scarp heights, and fault proftles indicate earthquakes on the Teton fault are nonÂPoissonian, with from 5 to 10 M >7 earthquakes occurring from 7,900 to 14,000 years ago, but only two such events between 5,000 and 7,900 years ago, and none in the last 5,000 years (Byrd et al., 1

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15

Houtgast, R. F., R. T. van Balen, C. Kasse, and J. Vandenberghe. "Late Quaternary tectonic evolution and postseismic near surface fault displacements along the Geleen Fault (Feldbiss Fault Zone–Roer Valley Rift System, the Netherlands), based on trenching." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 82, no. 2 (2003): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600020734.

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AbstractIn northwest Europe the pattern of earthquake distribution is correlated with known Quaternary faults. Excavation of fault scarps revealed that these fault zones have been active during the Late Pleistocene. In this paper we present the results of an exploratory trenching study across the Geleen Fault, part of the Feldbiss Fault Zone, the Netherlands. Middle Saalian fluvial deposits of the Meuse, overlain by local slope deposits, were excavated. The Geleen Fault has displaced the fluvial deposits by at least 5 meters. The upper layers of local slope deposits could be correlated across

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16

Aribowo, Sonny, Edi Hidayat, Anggraini Rizkita Puji, et al. "Active faults along Indonesia’s first high-speed rail line." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1373, no. 1 (2024): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1373/1/012016.

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Abstract The cities of Jakarta and Bandung, two vital hubs in the western part of Java, are now connected by a high-speed rail line. However, potential earthquake hazards arise as the line intersects two active faults in West Java. To address this concern, we conducted a detailed geomorphological analysis using high-resolution DEM data (8-meter resolution) combine with 30-m resolution data to locate fault lines along the rail infrastructure. In the north, the line intersects the West Java back-arc thrust, while in the south, it crosses the junction of the Lembang Fault and Cimandiri Fault in P

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17

Ritz, J.-F., S. Baize, N. Cathelin, et al. "The 2019 Le Teil surface-rupturing earthquake along the La Rouvière Fault within the Cévennes fault system (France): What does paleoseismology reveal?" E3S Web of Conferences 342 (2022): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234204001.

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The 2019-11-1, Mw4.9 Le Teil earthquake occurred within the NE termination of the Cévennes faults system (CFS) in southern France, along the La Rouvière fault (LRF), an Oligocene normal fault which was not known to be potentially active. This shallow moderate magnitude reversefaulting event produced a 5 km-long surface rupture and strong ground shaking. No evidence of previous quaternary activity was observed in the morphology, raising the question whether the fault had been reactivated for the first time since the Oligocene or had broken the surface in the past without being detected in the m

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18

Malik, Javed N., Ashutosh Kumar, Sravanthi Satuluri, Bishuddhakshya Puhan, and Asmita Mohanty. "Ground-Penetrating Radar Investigations along Hajipur Fault: Himalayan Frontal Thrust—Attempt to Identify Near Subsurface Displacement, NW Himalaya, India." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/608269.

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The study area falls in the mesoseismal zone of 1905 Kangra earthquake (Mw 7.8). To identify appropriate trenching site for paleoseismic investigation and to understand the faulting geometry, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted across a Hajipur Fault (HF2) scarp, a branching out fault of Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) in a foot hill zone of NW Himalaya. Several 2D and 3D profiles were collected using 200 MHz antenna with SIR 3000 unit. A 2D GPR profile collected across the HF2 scarp revealed prominent hyperbolas and discontinuous-warped reflections, suggesting a metal pipe and

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19

Demanet, D., L. G. Evers, H. Teerlynck, B. Dost, and D. Jongmans. "Geophysical investigation across the Peel boundary fault (The Netherlands) for a paleoseismological study." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80, no. 3-4 (2001): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023787.

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AbstractIn preparation of the first paleoseismic trenching in the NE border of the Roer graben (the Netherlands), site selection was carried out. Combining geological and seismological information and using existing aerial photographs, seismic reflection and geodetic levelling data, it was decided to focus on the Peel boundary fault near the village of Neer. Detailed information on the exact location of the fault was obtained through geophysical techniques, mainly ground penetrating radar (GPR) and resistivity measurements. GPR data unambiguously showed the flexuring and offset of reflectors a

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Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki, Andrew Nicol, John Walsh, John Begg, Dougal Townsend, and Dionissios Hristopulos. "Fault-slip accumulation in an active rift over thousands to millions of years and the importance of paleoearthquake sampling." Journal of Structural Geology 36 (March 26, 2012): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.010.

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The catastrophic earthquakes that recently (September 4th, 2010 and February 22nd, 2011) hit Christchurch, New Zealand, show that active faults, capable of generating large-magnitude earthquakes, can be hidden beneath the Earth’s surface. In this article we combine near-surface paleoseismic data with deep (<5 km) onshore seismic-reflection lines to explore the relations between fault growth over short (<27kyr) and long (>1Ma) timescales in the Taranaki Rift, New Zealand. Our analysis shows that the integration of different timescale datasets provides a basis for identifying active fau

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21

Korzhenkov, A. M., E. V. Deev, I. V. Turova, et al. "Active Tectonics and Paleoseismicity of the Eastern Issyk-Kul Basin (Kyrgyzstan, Tien Shan)." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 03 (2021): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20194125.

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Abstract —The Malyi Orgochor, Orgochor, Birbash, Sukhoi Ridge, Ichketosma, and Tosma uplifts in the eastern Issyk-Kul basin are fault-related anticlinal folds composed of Neogene and Quaternary sediments involved in tectonic movements. The folds have asymmetric transversal profiles, with low-angle southern limbs and steep northern limbs cut by segments of the South Issyk-Kul and Karkara reverse faults reactivated in the late Quaternary. The location and geometry of the two faults, which both show reverse and left-lateral strike slip components, correspond to neotectonic propagation of deformat

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Harrichhausen, Nicolas, Kristin D. Morell, Christine Regalla, et al. "Paleoseismic Trenching Reveals Late Quaternary Kinematics of the Leech River Fault: Implications for Forearc Strain Accumulation in Northern Cascadia." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 111, no. 2 (2021): 1110–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200204.

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ABSTRACT New paleoseismic trenching indicates late Quaternary oblique right-lateral slip on the Leech River fault, southern Vancouver Island, Canada, and constrains permanent forearc deformation in northern Cascadia. A south-to-north reduction in northward Global Navigation Satellite System velocities and seismicity across the Olympic Mountains, Strait of Juan de Fuca (JDF), and the southern Strait of Georgia, has been used as evidence for permanent north–south crustal shortening via thrust faulting between a northward migrating southern forearc and rigid northern backstop in southwestern Cana

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23

Williams, Randolph T., Laurel B. Goodwin, Warren D. Sharp, and Peter S. Mozley. "Reading a 400,000-year record of earthquake frequency for an intraplate fault." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 19 (2017): 4893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617945114.

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Our understanding of the frequency of large earthquakes at timescales longer than instrumental and historical records is based mostly on paleoseismic studies of fast-moving plate-boundary faults. Similar study of intraplate faults has been limited until now, because intraplate earthquake recurrence intervals are generally long (10s to 100s of thousands of years) relative to conventional paleoseismic records determined by trenching. Long-term variations in the earthquake recurrence intervals of intraplate faults therefore are poorly understood. Longer paleoseismic records for intraplate faults

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Morino, Michio, Javed N. Malik, Prashant Mishra, Chandrashekhar Bhuiyan, and Fumio Kaneko. "Active fault traces along Bhuj Fault and Katrol Hill Fault, and trenching survey at Wandhay, Kachchh, Gujarat, India." Journal of Earth System Science 117, no. 3 (2008): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-008-0022-1.

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25

Thackray, Glenn D., and Mark Zellman. "Paleoseismic study of the Northern Teton Fault, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 40 (December 15, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2017.5539.

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We investigated the earthquake history of the northern portion of the Teton fault by excavating two trenches across a fault scarp near the eastern shore of Jackson Lake, near Steamboat Mountain. We identified the primary stratigraphy of the trenches, logged the trenches in detail, and collected samples for dating analyses. The trenches exposed faulted glacial sediments and overlying hill slope colluvium and alluvial sediments. Interpretation of the trench stratigraphy is ongoing. Samples are currently being analyzed using radiocarbon and luminescence dating techniques to determine the ages of

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26

Okumura, K. "Trenching Across the Ekhabi-Pil'tun Fault in the Northeastern Sakhalin Island." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 109, no. 2 (2000): plate4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.109.2_plate4.

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Okumura, K. "Trenching Across the Ekhabi-Pil'tun Fault in the Northeastern Sakhalin Island." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 109, no. 2 (2000): plate4a. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.109.2_plate4a.

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Lacan, Pierre, and Claudia Arango-Galván. "Geophysical evi-dence of the 1912 earthquake rupture along the central fault system of the Acambay Graben, Central Mexico." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 73, no. 2 (2021): A250121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2021v73n2a250121.

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In this work, we have applied two geophysical techniques in two different areas of potential interest for paleoseismological assessment of the active faults of the Acambay graben. The main goal was to localize segments of buried faults suspected to break the surface during the 1912 Acambay Earthquake, in order to (1) identify favorable sites for paleoseismological investigation purpose and (2) extrapolate the data obtained with a paleoseismic trenching. On the one hand, Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) Method was used to map the horizontal variation of the apparent resistivity in order to detec

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29

Gibbons, Wes. "Basement–cover relationships around Aberdaron, Wales, U.K.: the fault-reactivated northwestern margin of the Welsh Basin." Geological Magazine 126, no. 4 (1989): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800006567.

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AbstractOn mainland North Wales basement rocks emerge from beneath a Lower Ordovician cover along the west side of the Llyn peninsula. The basement contains steeply dipping mylonites (Llŷn shear zone) that separate plutonic and gneissic rocks (Sarn Complex) from a melange (Gwna mélange). The western edge of the Ordovician outcrop follows the basement shear zone, and new trenching data confirm that only a faulted relationship exists between cover and basement along this northwestern extremity of the Welsh Basin. Deformation along this margin has propagated into the Arenig cover to produce south

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Anderson, John G., Thomas K. Rockwell, and Duncan Carr Agnew. "Past and Possible Future Earthquakes of Significance to the San Diego Region." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 2 (1989): 299–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585524.

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The potential for earthquakes that may significantly affect the San Diego, California, region is examined from the viewpoint of geology, seismic history, and strong ground motion. We have compiled the best available data on slip rates and recurrence times for all major faults in southern California and northern Baja California, identified possible fault segments that might rupture in single earthquakes and obtained repeat times for these events which are consistent with (or at least not contradicted by) trenching studies. The most important faults for San Diego's seismic hazard are the Rose Ca

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Sellmann, Schirin, Mark Quigley, Brendan Duffy, and Ian Moffat. "Ground Penetrating Radar of Neotectonic Folds and Faults in South-Central Australia: Evolution of the Shallow Geophysical Structure of Fault-Propagation Folds with Increasing Strain." Geosciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12110395.

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Using ground penetrating radar (GPR) we investigate the near surface (~0–10 m depth) geophysical structure of neotectonic fault-propagation folds and thrust faults in south-central Australia in varying stages of fold and fault growth. Variations in neotectonic fold scarp heights are interpreted to reflect variations in accumulated slip on the underlying reverse faults. Fold scarps on the Nullarbor and Roe Plains are characterized by broad, asymmetric morphologies with vertical displacements of ~5 to ~40 m distributed over 1 to 2 km widths (~0.5 to ~4 m per 100 m). Within increasing scarp heigh

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32

Mason, J., S. Schneiderwind, A. Pallikarakis, et al. "A MULTIDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION AT THE LASTROS-SFAKA GRABEN, CRETE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 1 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11704.

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Results from a multidisciplinary investigation at the Lastros-Sfaka Graben located in eastern Crete are presented. 1.3 km of the Lastros fault was scanned with t-LiDAR and we identified areas with minor external influences (anthropogenic, depositional or erosional) to extract throw rates. Preliminary postglacial throw rates are 0.67 ± 0.15 mm/yr., which is significantly less than stated in the literature. Cemented colluvium is located on the Lastros fault, forming hanging-wall talus lobes and sheets of varying thickness attached to the fault plane. Stable isotope analysis on the cement ndicate

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Marliyani, Gayatri Indah, Aulia Kurnia Hady, Yann Klinger, et al. "Mapping Lateral Offsets Along the Aceh Fault Zone of the Great Sumatran Fault: An Examination of Their Potential for Slip Rate and Paleoseismic Trenching Sites." Indonesian Journal of Geography 56, no. 1 (2024): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.93456.

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We conducted a study on the Aceh Fault, an active right-lateral strike-slip fault in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Despite its seismic hazard potential, the slip characteristics of this fault are not well-understood. Using a combination of remote sensing and field methods, we mapped the distribution of displacement recorded by offset channels along the fault. Our goal is to identify evidence of past surface rupture, characterize their tectonic geomorphology setting, and assess their potentials as slip-rate and paleoseismic sites. The documented right-lateral displacements of channels and ridges

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Grant, Lisa B., John T. Waggoner, Thomas K. Rockwell, and Carmen von Stein. "Paleoseismicity of the north branch of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone in Huntington Beach, California, from cone penetrometer test data." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87, no. 2 (1997): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0870020277.

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Abstract Application of cone penetrometer testing (CPT) is a promising method for studying subsurface fault zones in stratified, unconsolidated sediment where trenching is not feasible. Analysis of data from 72 CPTs, spaced 7.5 to 30.0 m apart, and 9 borings indicates that the North Branch fault, the active strand of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIFZ) in Huntington Beach, has generated at least three and most likely five recognizable surface ruptures in the past 11.7 ± 0.7 ka. Additional smaller earthquakes similar to the Mw 6.4 1933 Long Beach earthquake may also have occurred but would

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TUTKUN, Z., and S. PAVLIDES. "Small scale contractional-extensional structures and morphotectonics along the fault traces of Izmit-Cocaeli (Turkey) 1999 earthquake." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (2001): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17033.

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The Mw=7.4 Izmit (Kocaeli) earthquake of August 17, 1999 (Turkey) ruptured 100 km at least surface faults on land along the northwestern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). Although the preexisting structures of NAFZ has been divided into segments, showing stepover and pull apart geometry, the earthquake ruptures are generally linear, E-W striking (N80°-100°), right-lateral. In small scale and on the recent sediments they show very typical strike-slip displacements (2 to 5m), pop-ups and pressure ridges (N 40- 70°), Ρ (N80°), R (N100-1100) and R' (~N350°) Riedel shears, extensiona

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Hasegawa, S., and W. D. L. Finn. "Seismic hazard in Takamatsu Japan from fault trenching and paleo-liquefaction studies." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 22, no. 9-12 (2002): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-7261(02)00113-6.

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Li, Guoqing, Feiyong Wang, Xulong Gong, Yan Zhang, and Fujiang Wang. "Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Water-Eroded Ground Fissures in the Weihe Basin of China." Water 15, no. 12 (2023): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15122198.

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The Weihe Basin is a crucial part of the Fenwei Graben System and is a typical example of an extensional fault basin. Over time, the region has been developed around 212 ground fissures, with the majority of them being associated with heavy rainfall. These water-eroded ground fissures have caused serious damage to farmland, houses, and roads, with the Liangjiacun ground fissures, Meiyuancun ground fissures, and Dizhentai ground fissures being the most known. To understand the developmental characteristics and formation mechanisms of water-eroded ground fissures in the Weihe Basin, we utilized

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Maceroni, Deborah, Emanuela Falcucci, Stefano Gori, et al. "Assessing active and capable faulting as best practice for post-earthquake reconstruction activities: the Sant’Eutizio Abbey case study, in the epicentral area of the 2016 central Italy seismic sequence." Annals of Geophysics 65, no. 1 (2022): SE105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8793.

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Surface faulting is, together with strong ground shaking, a hazard associated with major earthquake faults. Assessing surface faulting potential of a given active tectonic structure is a fundamental prerequisite to adequately plan the use of territories and to perform new constructions, in order to act practices aimed to mitigate the associated risk. Assessing the surface faulting potential represents also ground for correctly performing re-construction and retrofitting of buildings and infrastructures during post-earthquake activities. We investigated a branch of a major seismogenic normal fa

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Schug, David L., Paul Salter, Christopher Goetz, and Derek Irving. "Pedro Miguel Fault Investigations: Borinquen Dam 1e Construction and the Panama Canal Expansion." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 24, no. 1 (2018): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.24.1.39.

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Abstract Borinquen Dam 1E is part of the new Pacific Access Channel (PAC) of the Panama Canal Expansion. The 2.3-km-long zoned rockfill dam forms the navigational channel providing navigation access from the Gaillard Cut to the new Post-Panamax Pacific Locks. A key geologic objective during construction was to confirm locations and activity of faults mapped at the dam during design, namely the Pedro Miguel Fault (PMF) and its suspected newly mapped “main trace.” The design allowed for core and filter widening at the anticipated location of the PMF at the south abutment and at a west branch of

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OKADA, Atsumasa, Masataka ANDO, and Tameshige TSUKUDA. "Trenching Study for Yasutomi Fault of the Yamasaki Fault System at Anji, Yasutomi Town, Hyogo Pref., Japan." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 96, no. 2 (1987): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.96.2_81.

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van den Berg, M., K. Vanneste, B. Dost, A. Lokhorst, M. van Eijk, and K. Verbeeck. "Paleoseismic investigations along the Peel Boundary Fault: geological setting, site selection and trenching results." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, no. 1 (2002): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600020552.

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AbstractOn the basis of a multidisciplinary approach we have unraveled the palaeo-earthquake history of a trenched section across the Peel Boundary Fault. The area shows at present one of the largest contrasts in relative motion on both sides of the fault on the basis of repeated levelling. The geological record for the last 25 thousand years, recovered in the trench, shows evidence of two heavy earthquakes (moment magnitude between 6.0 and 6.6), that occurred in a relatively short timespan around 15 thousands years ago. A third less severe event occurred somewhere in the mid Holocene. The tim

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OKADA, Atsumasa. "Trenching study for the Atotsugawa fault Nokubi, Miyagawa Village, Gifu Pref., central Japan." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 98, no. 4 (1989): Plate1—Plate4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.98.4_plate1.

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UEMURA, Yoshihiro, Atsumasa OKADA, Heitarou KANEDA, Daisaku KAWABATA, Keiji TAKEMURA, and Tabito MATSUURA. "Pictorial 2: Trenching study of the Tonoda Fault, Sekibayashi, Kyoto Prefecture, Southwest Japan." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 109, no. 1 (2000): plate7—plate8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography/109.1_plate7.

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UEMURA, Yoshihiro, Atsumasa OKADA, Heitarou KANEDA, Daisaku KAWABATA, Keiji TAKEMURA, and Tabito MATSUURA. "Trenching study on the Tonoda Fault of the Mitoke Active Fault System at Sekibayashi, Kyoto Prefecture, Southwest Japan." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 109, no. 1 (2000): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.109.73.

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Yanis, Muhammad, Gozian Islami, and Nazli Ismail. "Geophysics And Geomorphic Observation For Near-Surface Structures Mapping Of Seulimeum Fault On Lamtamot Area, Northern Sumatra." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 73, no. 1 (2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm73202211.

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In the northern part of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, the Great Sumatran Fault, which can cause an earthquake, was divided into two segments: the Aceh and Seulimeum. An effort to reduce the risk is mapping the fault area, especially in the region that does not clearly show the sign on the surface, e.g., in the Lamtamot area, Indonesia. Electrical resistivity is widely used to study shallow structures, but the method requires more time when applied in a large area. This research explores the potential of an extremely low frequency (very low frequency-electromagnetic; VLF-EM) method to investigate

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Civico, R., A. Smedile, D. Pantosti, et al. "New trenching results along the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey): an integration with preexisting data." Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews 3, no. 1 (2021): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42990-021-00054-9.

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AbstractThis paper provides a new contribution to the construction of the complex and fragmentary mosaic of the Late Holocene earthquakes history of the İznik segment of the central strand of the North Anatolian Fault (CNAF) in Turkey. The CNAF clearly displays lower dextral slip rates with respect to the northern strand however, surface rupturing and large damaging earthquakes (M > 7) occurred in the past, leaving clear signatures in the built and natural environments. The association of these historical events to specific earthquake sources (e.g., Gemlik, İznik, or Geyve fault segments) i

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Wiwegwin, Weerachat, Ken-Ichiro Hisada, Punya Charusiri, et al. "Paleoearthquake Investigations of the Mae Hong Son Fault, Mae Hong Son Region, Northern Thailand." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 08, no. 02 (2014): 1450007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431114500079.

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We applied remote sensing and aerial photographic techniques to a study of the Mae Hong Son Fault (MHSF), located in the Mae Hong Son region, northern Thailand. Several fault lines are recognized in the region, trending mainly NE–SW, NW–SE, and N–S. The main morphotectonic landforms associated with the MHSF are fault scarps, offset streams, linear valleys, triangular facets, offset ridge crests, hot springs, and linear mountain fronts. A trench, a quarry, and a road cut in Caenozoic strata were used to analyze fault geometries in the area. We identified eight paleoearthquake events from trench

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Cheng, G., H. Wang, Y. Luo, and H. Guo. "Study of the deformation mechanism of the Gaoliying ground fissure." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-231-2015.

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Abstract. The Gaoliying ground fissure in Beijing has caused building cracking and road damage, and has seriously influenced city construction. Based on investigations and trenching, the influences of the fault and the variation of groundwater levels on the formation mechanism of the Gaoliying ground fissure were investigated by using FLAC3D. The results indicated that (1) the surface location of Gaoliying fissure is controlled by the underlying normal fault activity, and over pumping further exacerbates development of the ground fissure; (2) when the groundwater level declines, obvious differ

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OKADA, Atsumasa, and Hiroyuki TSUTSUMI. "Holocene Activity of the Chichio Fault, the Median Tectonic Line Active Fault System, Southwest Japan, based on Trenching Studies." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 106, no. 5 (1997): 644–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.106.5_644.

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Murbach, Diane, Thomas K. Rockwell, and Jonathan D. Bray. "The Relationship of Foundation Deformation to Surface and Near-Surface Faulting Resulting from the 1992 Landers Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 15, no. 1 (1999): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586032.

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Surface rupture associated with the 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw 7.3) damaged several structures in the southwest Mojave desert. Six trenches were excavated through and adjacent to three structures that were damaged by directfault displacement. Trenching insights assisted in understanding foundation failures. This investigation confirms the surface shear zones, documents subsurface fault rupture geometry, and describes the effects on those structures. The surface pattern of rupture consisted of left-stepping, right-lateral shears with local vertical components within broader zones of shearing.

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