Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fault zone

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fault zone'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fault zone"

1

Forouzesh, Alireza, Mohammad S. Golsorkhi, Mehdi Savaghebi, and Mehdi Baharizadeh. "Support Vector Machine Based Fault Location Identification in Microgrids Using Interharmonic Injection." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082317.

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This paper proposes an algorithm for detection and identification of the location of short circuit faults in islanded AC microgrids (MGs) with meshed topology. Considering the low level of fault current and dependency of the current angle on the control strategies, the legacy overcurrent protection schemes are not effective in in islanded MGs. To overcome this issue, the proposed algorithm detects faults based on the rms voltages of the distributed energy resources (DERs) by means of support vector machine classifiers. Upon detection of a fault, the DER which is electrically closest to the fault injects three interharmonic currents. The faulty zone is identified by comparing the magnitude of the interharmonic currents flowing through each zone. Then, the second DER connected to the faulty zone injects distinctive interharmonic currents and the resulting interharmonic voltages are measured at the terminal of each of these DERs. Using the interharmonic voltages as its features, a multi-class support vector machine identifies the fault location within the faulty zone. Simulations are conducted on a test MG to obtain a dataset comprising scenarios with different fault locations, varying fault impedances, and changing loads. The test results show that the proposed algorithm reliably detects the faults and the precision of fault location identification is above 90%.
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KOTHYARI, G. C., R. K. DUMKA, A. P. SINGH, G. CHAUHAN, M. G. THAKKAR, and S. K. BISWAS. "Tectonic evolution and stress pattern of South Wagad Fault at the Kachchh Rift Basin in western India." Geological Magazine 154, no. 4 (2016): 875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000509.

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AbstractWe describe a study of the E–W-trending South Wagad Fault (SWF) complex at the eastern part of the Kachchh Rift Basin (KRB) in Western India. This basin was filled during Late Cretaceous time, and is presently undergoing tectonic inversion. During the late stage of the inversion cycle, all the principal rift faults were reactivated as transpressional strike-slip faults. The SWF complex shows wrench geometry of an anastomosing en échelon fault, where contractional and extensional segments and offsets alternate along the Principal Deformation Zone (PDZ). Geometric analysis of different segments of the SWF shows that several conjugate faults, which are a combination of R synthetic and R’ antithetic, propagate at a short distance along the PDZ and interact, generating significant fault slip partitioning. Surface morphology of the fault zone revealed three deformation zones: a 500 m to 1 km wide single fault zone; a 5–6 km wide double fault zone; and a c. 500 m wide diffuse fault zone. The single fault zone is represented by a higher stress accumulation which is located close to the epicentre of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake of Mw 7.7. The double fault zone represents moderate stress at releasing bends bounded by two fault branches. The diffuse fault zone represents a low-stress zone where several fault branches join together. Our findings are well corroborated with the available geological and seismological data.
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Sexton, John L., and Harvey Henson Jr. "Interpretation of seismic reflection and gravity profile data in western Lake Superior." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 4 (1994): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-058.

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The interpretation of 1047 km of seismic reflection data collected in western Lake Superior is presented along with reflection traveltime contour maps and gravity models to understand the overall geometry of the Midcontinent Rift System beneath the lake. The Douglas, Isle Royale, and Keweenaw fault zones, clearly imaged on the seismic profiles, are interpreted to be large offset detachment faults associated with initial rifting. These faults have been reactivated as reverse faults with 3–5 km of throw. The Douglas Fault Zone is not directly connected with the Isle Royale Fault Zone. The seismic data has imaged two large basins filled with more than 22 km of middle Keweenawan pre-Portage Lake and Portage Lake volcanic rocks and up to 8 km of upper Keweenawan Oronto and Bayfield sedimentary rocks. These basins persisted throughout Keweenawan time and are separated by a ridge of Archean rocks and a narrow trough bounded by the Keweenaw Fault Zone to the south. Another fault zone, herein named the Ojibwa fault zone, previously interpreted as the northeastern extension of the Douglas Fault Zone, has been reinterpreted as a reverse fault that closely follows the ridge of Archean rocks. Previous researchers have stated that neighboring segments of the rift display alternating polarity of basins associated with large detachment faults. Accommodation zones have been previously interpreted to exist between rift segments; however, the seismic data do not image a clearly identifiable accommodation zone separating the two basins in western Lake Superior. Thus, the seismic profile may lie directly above the pivot of a scissors-type accommodation fault zone, there is no vertical offset associated with the zone, or the zone does not exist. Seismic data interpretations indicate that application of a simple alternating polarity basin – accommodation zone model is an oversimplification of the complex geological structures associated with the Midcontinent Rift System.
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Onwuka, I. K., O. Oputa, G. C. Diyoke, C. S. Ezeonye, and P. I. Obi. "EFFECTS OF VARYING FAULT IMPEDANCE ON DISTANCE PROTECTION SCHEMES OF 11 KV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS." BAYERO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 18, no. 2 (2023): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520847.

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Distance protection schemes are used in the protection of transmission and distribution lines and they use distance relay in their operations. The protection scheme is always partitioned into two or more zones and each zone is a certain percentage of the entire length of the line (which may also include the next line). With all things being equal, the tripping of the relays is solely a function of the zones where the fault occurred, that is, the location of the occurrence of the fault. However, it has been shown in this paper through simulations in Power System Computer-Aided Design (PSCAD) that for a LLG fault on the line (in Zone 1), the distance relay/protection system tripped inaccurately in Zone 2 for a fault impedance of 0.1Ω, 0.5Ω and 5Ω and trips accurately in Zone 1 for fault impedance of 1Ω, and 10Ω for the same type of fault and same location. Also, for a fault impedance of 0.1Ω, the system tripped at Zone 1 for LL and 3 phase faults and tripped in Zone 2 for LG and LLG faults for the same fault impedance and at the same location. This indicates that tripping zone in distance protection schemes are not solely dependent on fault locations but also slightly dependent on the fault impedance and type of fault.
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Wang, You Xi, and Guang Zhe Deng. "Numerical Simulation of Vertical Ground Stress Distribution along Fault Trend Direction in a Metal Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.119.

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The fault breaks continuous ground stress distribution. The rock mass in fault zone is weak and broken, it becomes stress decreasing zone. The paper, which is combined with engineering practice and rock mechanics test, numerically simulates geological environment of fault zones and analyzes faults trend direction influence on ground stress distribution in the metal mine. The results demonstrates that deep faults breaks down the continuity of ground stress distribution, principle stresses in lower wall of faults are smaller than it in hanging wall while high deep ground stresses are in cross district of hanging-wall of fault-zone and ore bed
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Kirkwood, Donna, and Michel Malo. "Across-strike geometry of the Grand Pabos fault zone: evidence for Devonian dextral transpression in the Quebec Appalachians." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 7 (1993): 1363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-117.

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The principal faults of southeastern Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec consist of a central high-strain zone that is characterized by mainly ductile deformation structures and bordered by low-strain zones each dominated by brittle deformation structures. The overall geometry of shear fractures within the low-strain zones is quite similar to the expected geometry of Riedel shear fractures. The brittle structures overprint the dominant C–S-type fabric of the high-strain zone, which implies that brittle deformation outlasted ductile deformation. The asymmetry of local micro- to meso-scale deformation features along the fault zones reflects the non-coaxiality of the shear. Other features described within the fault zone (stylolitic cleavage, shear bands, and reverse faults) are evidence for a component of shortening perpendicular or oblique to the fault zone. The geometry of the Grand Pabos fault zone (GPFZ), a major fault of southern Gaspé, indicates that deeper seated fault rocks (high-strain zone) have been brought up to higher crustal levels and are presently in contact with brittlely deformed fault rocks (low-strain zone). The proposed model for the evolution of the GPFZ involves Early to Late Devonian, dextral, transcurrent movement accompanied by relatively minor amounts of vertical slip within a dextral transpressive regime. The main pulse of the Acadian orogeny in Gaspé is restricted to the Devonian and therefore occurred later than elsewhere in the Canadian Appalachians.
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Ichinose, Gene A., Kenneth D. Smith, and John G. Anderson. "Moment tensor solutions of the 1994 to 1996 Double Spring Flat, Nevada, earthquake sequence and implications for local tectonic models." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 6 (1998): 1363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880061363.

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Abstract The 12 September 1994 Mw 5.8 Double Spring Flat, Nevada, earthquake initiated at the intersection of a northeast- and northwest-striking set of conjugate faults within an overlapping zone between the Genoa and Antelope Valley fault zones, of the eastern Sierra Nevadan range frontal fault system. The mainshock ruptured on the northeast-striking fault plane. Eight days after the mainshock, the aftershock activity migrated from the mainshock fault plane to the northwest-striking conjugate fault. Over the next 2 years, aftershocks migrated southward onto another set of conjugate faults and then onto the Antelope Valley fault zone. The focal mechanisms of 17 M > 4 aftershocks were estimated from a time-domain moment tensor inversion using regional broadband data. The T axis (minimum stress direction) is oriented east-west (N80°E to N100°E) for the (M > 4) events as is, commonly observed along the eastern Sierra Nevadan range front in northwestern Nevada. From these results, we make some general points that can be considered in seismic hazard assessment. The maximum magnitude in overlapping normal fault zone is limited to the size of the overlapping zone. This makes small- to moderate-size (M < 6) strike-slip earthquakes more likely than large range-front (M > 7) earthquakes. The seismicity within this overlapping zone may indicate interseismic strain accumulation from east-west extension mainly through strike-slip deformation. The apparent scarcity of modern normal-faulting earthquakes along the Sierran range-front faults suggests a characteristic model, while a Gutenberg and Richter model for the recurrence behavior of earthquakes applies to the overlap zones between the normal faults. The pattern of seismicity and principle stress directions from the aftershock fault-plane solutions suggest a tectonic model of changing fault geometry for the overlapping zone between the Genoa and Antelope Valley fault zones. Two plausible long-term tectonic outcomes may develop with this model: a normal fault growth model where the overlapping segments of the Genoa and Antelope Valley faults eventually become “hard linked” (form a throughgoing fault) or a normal fault growth model where the overlapping segment of the Genoa fault system grows southward while the Antelope Valley fault is isolated in the formation of new basins and ranges.
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Özsayin, Erman, and Kadir Dirik. "The role of oroclinal bending in the structural evolution of the Central Anatolian Plateau: evidence of a regional changeover from shortening to extension." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 4 (2011): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0026-7.

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The role of oroclinal bending in the structural evolution of the Central Anatolian Plateau: evidence of a regional changeover from shortening to extensionThe NW-SE striking extensional Inönü-Eskişehir Fault System is one of the most important active shear zones in Central Anatolia. This shear zone is comprised of semi-independent fault segments that constitute an integral array of crustal-scale faults that transverse the interior of the Anatolian plateau region. The WNW striking Eskişehir Fault Zone constitutes the western to central part of the system. Toward the southeast, this system splays into three fault zones. The NW striking Ilıca Fault Zone defines the northern branch of this splay. The middle and southern branches are the Yeniceoba and Cihanbeyli Fault Zones, which also constitute the western boundary of the tectonically active extensional Tuzgölü Basin. The Sultanhanı Fault Zone is the southeastern part of the system and also controls the southewestern margin of the Tuzgölü Basin. Structural observations and kinematic analysis of mesoscale faults in the Yeniceoba and Cihanbeyli Fault Zones clearly indicate a two-stage deformation history and kinematic changeover from contraction to extension. N-S compression was responsible for the development of the dextral Yeniceoba Fault Zone. Activity along this structure was superseded by normal faulting driven by NNE-SSW oriented tension that was accompanied by the reactivation of the Yeniceoba Fault Zone and the formation of the Cihanbeyli Fault Zone. The branching of the Inönü-Eskişehir Fault System into three fault zones (aligned with the apex of the Isparta Angle) and the formation of graben and halfgraben in the southeastern part of this system suggest ongoing asymmetric extension in the Anatolian Plateau. This extension is compatible with a clockwise rotation of the area, which may be associated with the eastern sector of the Isparta Angle, an oroclinal structure in the western central part of the plateau. As the initiation of extension in the central to southeastern part of the Inönü-Eskişehir Fault System has similarities with structures associated with the Isparta Angle, there may be a possible relationship between the active deformation and bending of the orocline and adjacent areas.
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Ma, Bingshan, Jiafu Qi, and Jiawang Ge. "Development of two-phase transfer zones during multiphase rifting and their influence on sedimentation in the Baxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, northern China." Geological Magazine 156, no. 11 (2019): 1821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000190.

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AbstractWe investigate the formation and deformation of transfer zones and their impact on sedimentation during multiphase rifting using a three-dimensional seismic dataset in the Baxian Sag, the onshore part of the Bohai Bay Basin, northern China. The fault system in the study area is dominated by two arcuate, opposing boundary faults, that is, the Niudong and Maxi faults, which form an S-type fault system which does not link together. The fault system and structural-stratigraphic features between the Eocene and Oligocene syn-rift sequences were distinctly different during the Palaeogene rifting. These differences allow us to identify the two-phase transfer zones: (1) a NW–SE-trending Eocene transfer zone linking the NW-tilted Baxian Block and the SE-tilted Raoyang Block , and (2) the N–S-trending Oligocene transfer zone forming along the central part of the S-type fault system between the two inward kinks, and linking S-tilted and N-tilted fault blocks. The two-phase transfer zones comprise transverse boundary fault segments and fault styles which are related to strike-slip motion. The strike-slip faults occurred in the sequence where the transfer zone formed. The transfer zones significantly influenced the syn-rift sediments, drainage catchments and reservoir properties during the periods when they formed, and the two-phase transfer zones represent favourable positions for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Eocene and Oligocene sequences, respectively.
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Fletcher, John M., Orlando J. Teran, Thomas K. Rockwell, et al. "An analysis of the factors that control fault zone architecture and the importance of fault orientation relative to regional stress." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 9-10 (2020): 2084–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35308.1.

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Abstract The moment magnitude 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah (EMC) earthquake of 2010 in northern Baja California, Mexico produced a cascading rupture that propagated through a geometrically diverse network of intersecting faults. These faults have been exhumed from depths of 6–10 km since the late Miocene based on low-temperature thermochronology, synkinematic alteration, and deformational fabrics. Coseismic slip of 1–6 m of the EMC event was accommodated by fault zones that displayed the full spectrum of architectural styles, from simple narrow fault zones (< 100 m in width) that have a single high-strain core, to complex wide fault zones (> 100 m in width) that have multiple anastomosing high-strain cores. As fault zone complexity and width increase the full spectrum of observed widths (20–200 m), coseismic slip becomes more broadly distributed on a greater number of scarps that form wider arrays. Thus, the infinitesimal slip of the surface rupture of a single earthquake strongly replicates many of the fabric elements that were developed during the long-term history of slip on the faults at deeper levels of the seismogenic crust. We find that factors such as protolith, normal stress, and displacement, which control gouge production in laboratory experiments, also affect the architectural complexity of natural faults. Fault zones developed in phyllosilicate-rich metasedimentary gneiss are generally wider and more complex than those developed in quartzo-feldspathic granitoid rocks. We hypothesize that the overall weakness and low strength contrast of faults developed in phyllosilicate rich host rocks leads to strain hardening and formation of broad, multi-stranded fault zones. Fault orientation also strongly affects fault zone complexity, which we find to increase with decreasing fault dip. We attribute this to the higher resolved normal stresses on gently dipping faults assuming a uniform stress field compatible with this extensional tectonic setting. The conditions that permit slip on misoriented surfaces with high normal stress should also produce failure of more optimally oriented slip systems in the fault zone, promoting complex branching and development of multiple high-strain cores. Overall, we find that fault zone architecture need not be strongly affected by differences in the amount of cumulative slip and instead is more strongly controlled by protolith and relative normal stress.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fault zone"

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Watts, Lee Mark. "The Walls Boundary Fault zone and the Møre Trøndelag fault complex : a case study of two reactivated fault zones." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3878/.

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It is commonly observed that ancient faults or shear zones can become reactivated again and again, either within the same or even superimposed tectonic episodes, yet millions of years apart. Rocks of the continental crust show such effects particularly well, owing to their longevity, because through their buoyancy, continental rocks resist recycling back into the Earth's mantle over long time-scales. The Møre Trøndelag Fault Complex (MTFC), Central Norway and the Walls Boundary Fault (WBF), Shetland, were studied to elucidate the kinematic, geometric and textural evolution, in order to assess fault linkages, fault-rock preservation styles and the controlling factors on fault reactivation The WBF is a crustal-scale, reactivated fault that separates distinctively different basement terranes; the Caledonian front to the west from Dal radian type rocks to the east. The WBF initiated as a late-Caledonian sinistral strike-slip fault (c.l00-200km offset) associated with the development of mylonites and cataclasites. Dextral strike-slip reactivation (c.65km) in the Permo-Carboniferous related to inversion of the Orcadian Basin and led to the development of cataclasite and fault gouge assemblages. Later dip-slip and finally sinistral strike-slip (c.l5km. Tertiary?) reactivation were localised within earlier formed fault gouges. The ENE-WSW-trending MTFC in Central Norway is a 10-20 km wide, steeply dipping zone of fault-related deformation. The MTFC has a prolonged and heterogeneous kinematic history. The complex comprises two major fault strands: the Hitra-Snasa Fault (HSF) and the Verran Fault (VF). These two faults seem to have broadly initiated as part of a single system of sinistral shear zones during Early Devonian times (409+12 Ma). Sinistral transtensional reactivation (dated as Permo-Carboniferous; 291 + 14 Ma) of the ENE-WSW-trending HSF and VF led to the development of cataclasites and pseudotachylites together with the formation of N-S-trending faults leading to the present-day brittle fault geometry of the MTFC. Several later phases of reactivation were focused along the VF and N-S linking structures during the Mesozoic probably related to Mid- Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous rifting and Late Cretaceous / Early Tertiary opening of the North Atlantic. Based on apparent offshore trends, it has been suggested that the MTFC and the WBF may have been linked at some stage during their evolution and subsequent reactivation. This is consistent with the present study, as early Devonian movements along both the WBF and the MTFC are sinistral. Differences in the magnitude, dynamics and senses of displacement in the Permo-Carboniferous, however, seem to militate against linkage of these faults in the late Palaeozoic. There is no compelling evidence for direct Mesozoic or Tertiary linkage, although both structures were reactivated to some extent during these times. It seems that the formation and reactivation of the WBF and MTFC were associated with broadly similar regional tectonic processes and therefore, to some extent, share similar kinematics. Although both the MTFC and the WBF show clear proof of repeated reactivated, superficially similar geometries or alignments should not be used as a basis for correlating structures, in the absence of direct kinematic evidence. Displacements along the MTFC and the WBFZ are repeatedly localised along the earlier formed fault rocks, suggesting that these fault rocks are intrinsically weak compared to the surrounding rocks. A complex interaction exists between the geometrical properties of the fault network and fault-zone weakening mechanisms operative within fault rocks around the level of the frictional-viscous transition. Together these factors control fault reactivation in the long term. In the case of reactivated, sub-vertical, strike-slip fault zones the preservation and exhumation of these fault rocks both depend on the architecture and magnitude of later reactivations.
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Najdahmadi, Seyedehbita [Verfasser]. "Imaging the North Anatolian Fault Zone with Fault Zone Head Waves, Reflected and Converted Phases / Seyedehbita Najdahmadi." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144270219/34.

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Whitmarsh, Richard Sawyer. "Structural framework of the Fries fault zone south of Riner, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040538/.

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Papaleo, Elvira. "The north Anatolian fault, Turkey : insights from seismic tomography." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239855.

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The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey is a major continental strike-slip fault, 1200 km long and with a current slip rate of 25 mm/yr. Historical records show that the NAFZ is capable of producing high-magnitude earthquakes, activating different segments of the fault in a westward progression. Currently, the NAFZ poses a major seismic hazard for the city of Istanbul, which is situated close to one of the two strands into which the fault splays in northwestern Turkey. Understanding of fault zone structure and properties at depth is essential to constrain where deformation occurs within the lithosphere and how strain localises with depth. In fact, geodynamic models explaining surface deformation require knowledge of the width and depth extent of the fault zone in both the crust and upper mantle. In this framework, this thesis aims to provide better constraints on fault zone geometry within the lithosphere. To achieve this objective P and S wave teleseismic tomography have been applied to the data recorded by a dense array of broadband seismic stations (DANA, Dense Array for Northern Anatolia); through teleseismic tomography it was possible to image the NAFZ structure in both the crust and uppermost mantle. In addition, joint inversion i of P-wave teleseismic data and local earthquake data collected using the same array provided a greatly improved resolution within the upper 20 km of the crust. Results from this work highlighted the presence of a shear zone associated to the northern branch of the NAFZ in the study area. The fault zone appears to be 15 km wide within the upper crust and narrows to < 10 km within the lower crust and to Moho depth. In the uppermost mantle its width is constrained to be 30 to 50 km.
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Koc, Ayten. "Remote Sensing Study Of Surgu Fault Zone." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606611/index.pdf.

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The geometry, deformation mechanism and kinematics of the S&uuml<br>rg&uuml<br>Fault Zone is investigated by using remotely sensed data including Landsat TM and ASTER imagery combined with SRTM, and stereo-aerial photographs. They are used to extract information related to regional lineaments and tectono-morphological characteristics of the SFZ. Various image processing and enhancement techniques including contrast enhancement, PCA, DS and color composites are applied on the imagery and three different approaches including manual, semi automatic and automatic lineament extraction methods are followed. Then the lineaments obtained from ASTER and Landsat imagery using manual and automatic methods are overlaid to produce a final lineaments map. The results have indicated that, the total number and length of the lineaments obtained from automatic is more than other methods while the percentages of overlapping lineaments for the manual method is more than the automatic method which indicate that the lineaments from automatic method does not discriminate man made features which result more lineaments and less overlapping ratio with respect to final map. It is revealed from the detail analysis that, the SFZ displays characteristic deformation patterns of strike-slip faults, such as pressure ridges, linear fault controlled valleys, deflected stream courses, rotated blocks and juxtaposition of stratigraphical horizons in macroscopic scale. In addition to these, kinematic analyses carried out using fault slip data indicated that the S&uuml<br>rg&uuml<br>Fault Zone is dextral strike-slip fault zone with a reverse component of slip and cumulative displacement along the fault is more than 2 km.
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Butler, Christopher Anthony. "Basement fault reactivation : the kinematic evolution of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, Scotland." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1427/.

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Moir, Heather. "Modelling fault zone evolution : the effect of heterogeneity." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13241.

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Dodson, Elizabeth Lauren. "STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE TRANSYLVANIA FAULT ZONE IN BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/621.

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Transverse zones cross strike of thrust-belt structures as large-scale alignments of cross-strike structures. The Transylvania fault zone is a set of discontinuous right-lateral transverse faults striking at about 270º across Appalachian thrust-belt structures along 40º N latitude in Pennsylvania. Near Everett, Pennsylvania, the Breezewood fault terminates with the Ashcom thrust fault. The Everett Gap fault terminates westward with the Hartley thrust fault. Farther west, the Bedford fault extends westward to terminate against the Wills Mountain thrust fault. The rocks, deformed during the Alleghanian orogeny, are semi-independently deformed on opposite sides of the transverse fault, indicating fault movement during folding and thrusting. Palinspastic restorations of cross sections on either side of the fault zone are used to compare transverse fault displacement. The difference in shortening corresponds to the amount of displacement on either side of the transverse fault. The palinspastic restoration indicates a difference in the amount of shortening that will balance farther to the west in the Appalachian Plateau province.
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Hansen, Lars. "Styles of detachment faulting at the Kane Fracture Zone oceanic core complex, 23°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1402172381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Stewart, Martyn. "Kinematic evolution of the Great Glen Fault Zone, Scotland." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364096.

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Books on the topic "Fault zone"

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Thomas, Marion Y., Thomas M. Mitchell, and Harsha S. Bhat, eds. Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.

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Mancktelow, Neil S. The Simplon Fault Zone. Baumgartner, 1990.

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Senatorski, Piotr. Fault zone dynamics evolution patterns. Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Geofizyki, 1993.

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Eiichi, Fukuyama, and ScienceDirect (Online service), eds. Fault-Zone properties and earthquake rupture dynamics. Academic Press, 2009.

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Nelson, W. John. Ste. Genevieve fault zone, Missouri and Illinois. Division of Radiation Programs and Earth Sciences, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1985.

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Strehle, Barbara A. A comparison of fault zone fabrics in northwestern Vermont. Vermont Geological Survey, 1986.

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Stewart, Martyn. Kinematic evolution of the Great Glen fault zone, Scotland. Oxford Brookes University, 1997.

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G, Gass I., and Cyprus. Geological Survey Department., eds. The Geology of the southern Troodos transform fault zone. Geological Survey Department, Cyprus, 1994.

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E, Holdsworth R., ed. The nature and tectonic significance of fault zone weakening. Geological Society, 2001.

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Dubé, B. Gold metallogeny of the Cape Ray fault zone, southwestern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fault zone"

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van der Pluijm, Ben, and Chris Hall. "Fault Zone (Thermochronology)." In Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_250-1.

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van der Pluijm, Ben, and Chris Hall. "Fault Zone (Thermochronology)." In Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6304-3_250.

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Whearty, James J., Thomas K. Rockwell, and Gary H. Girty. "Incipient Pulverization at Shallow Burial Depths Along the San Jacinto Fault, Southern California." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch1.

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Renard, François, and Thibault Candela. "Scaling of Fault Roughness and Implications for Earthquake Mechanics." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch10.

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Klinger, Yann, Jin-Hyuck Choi, and Amaury Vallage. "Fault Branching and Long-Term Earthquake Rupture Scenario for Strike-Slip Earthquakes." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch11.

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Passelègue, François X., Soumaya Latour, Alexandre Schubnel, Stefan Nielsen, Harsha S. Bhat, and Raúl Madariaga. "Influence of Fault Strength on Precursory Processes During Laboratory Earthquakes." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch12.

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Ampuero, Jean Paul, and Xiaolin Mao. "Upper Limit on Damage Zone Thickness Controlled by Seismogenic Depth." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch13.

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Thomas, Marion Y., Harsha S. Bhat, and Yann Klinger. "Effect of Brittle Off-Fault Damage on Earthquake Rupture Dynamics." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch14.

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Korren, Caitlyn S., Eric C. Ferre, En-Chao Yeh, Yu-Min Chou, and Hao-Tsu Chu. "Seismic Rupture Parameters Deduced From a Pliocene-Pleistocene Fault Pseudotachylyte in Taiwan." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch2.

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Mitchell, Thomas M., Jose M. Cembrano, Kazuna Fujita, et al. "Fluid Inclusion Evidence of Coseismic Fluid Flow Induced by Dynamic Rupture." In Fault Zone Dynamic Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119156895.ch3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fault zone"

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Tanaka, Izumi, Yoshinori Uchida, Kouki Ikeuchi, Kenichi Nakatsumi, Masaya Kawane, and Kenta Kobira. "Creative Seismic Design and Application of Precast Concrete Member of Nakatsugawa Bridge Over the Fault Fracture Zone - Butterfly Webs Extradosed Bridge -." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.1512.

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&lt;p&gt;The bridge is a triple-span extradosed partially prestressed concrete (PPC)bridge in a steep ravine which is located between tunnels. According to a detailed geological survey, fault fracture zones are widely spread under the bridge. Because the faults are possibility large displacement, it is designed as an extradosed bridge to prevent collapse and unrepairable damage in case of a huge earthquake.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Piers and towers should not be arranged near these faults, as a result, the span distribution of the bridge became unbalanced. Therefore, lightweight concrete precast panels “Butterfly Webs” are applied in the central span to improve the balance. In addition, a variety of concrete precast members are planned for construction to enhance productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper describes the seismic design of the bridge over the fault fracture zones, and application of precast members for sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;
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Mohamed, Emad AbdelAziz, and Henry Ewart Edwards. "Capturing Fault Effects in Thin Reservoirs for Geosteering Improvements in Developing Offshore Carbonate Fields." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208160-ms.

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Analogue outcrops can be used to prepare geoscientists with realistic expectations and responses for Geosteering ultra-long horizontal wells (ERD) in thin reservoirs with different scales of faults, and uncertainty in fault zone parameters and characteristics. Geosteering ultra-long horizontal wells in specific, thin, meter-thick target zones within reservoirs is challenged when sub-seismic faults are present or where seismic scale fault throw and fault location is ill-defined or imprecisely known. This paper defines the challenge of how analogue outcrops can be used to prepare geoscientists with realistic expectations and responses to such operational difficulties in faulted carbonates, irrespective of the tools employed to characterize encountered faults. Geosteering wells in reservoirs with different scales of faults and uncertainty in fault zone character and detection limits can lead to: (i) extensive ‘out of zone’ intervals and (ii) undulating wellbores (when attempting to retrieve target layer positioning), whereby well productivity and accessibility are compromised. Using faulted carbonate field analogues can direct the operation geologist's geosteering response to such faulted scenarios. Descriptions from outcrops are used to address subsurface scenarios of marker horizon(s) and their lateral/spatial variability; diagenesis related to faults at outcrop and expected variations along wellbore laterals in the oilfield. Additionally, offsets/throws, damage zone geometries for thin-bed reservoir understanding of fault zone effects in low-offset structures. Appreciation of faults in outcrops allows an understanding of expectations whilst drilling according to the following: (1) Scales of features from seismic to sub-seismic damage zones: what to expect when geosteering within / out of zone, across faults with indeterminate throws. (2) Understandings from 3D analogues/geometries applied predictively to field development, targeting specific thin reservoir zones / key marker beds. Several oil- well case-examples highlight the response in steering wellbores located within specific thin target zones whereby faults were expected, but where fault throw differed significantly to what was anticipated from initial seismic interpretation. Examples elucidating the application include a meter-thick dolomite zone within a very thick limestone reservoir where injector and producer wells are completed, where the wellbore remains within reservoir but out of specific target zone (how to marry smooth wellbore with layer conformance). Furthermore, for very thin reservoirs primarily located within non-reservoir carbonates, minor faults would misdirect wellbore into argillaceous limestone above or below the reservoirs. Faulted zones with water influx mapped from LWD where modelled property responses can be better characterized by low-offset faults with compartmentalizing effects for completion strategies. Even with an extensive suite of logs to characterize fault zones, the objective of Geosteering a well continuously within zone becomes difficult. Selected key tools are required for success. Directly using Early Cretaceous reservoir analogues, with specific fault types and displacements, critically aid geosteering practices for QA, prediction and learnings.
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Childs, C. J., T. Manzocchi, J. J. Walsh, and M. P. J. Schopfer. "Fault Core/damage Zone; an Unhelpful Description of Fault Zone Structure?" In 3rd EAGE International Conference on Fault and Top Seals. EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143012.

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Dias, F. C., R. Quevedo, D. Roehl, and B. Carvalho. "Assessment of Geomechanical Properties of Fault Damage Zones Based on Numerical Modeling." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-1076.

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ABSTRACT: Fault zones are generally made of highly deformed rocks composed of a core surrounded by a damage zone. The core is usually formed of an impermeable consolidated material responsible for reservoir compartmentalization. However, the complex architecture of damage zones induces a substantial variability of their properties that can significantly influence fluid flow and geomechanical behavior of oil and gas fields. Therefore, characterizing damage zone properties is relevant during reservoir development, production, and management. Many studies have been carried out to characterize and estimate the structural and hydraulic properties of fault damage zones. Still, relatively few of these studies have aimed at assessing their elastic, strength, and compaction properties. The reason for that is the difficulty in sampling fault damage zones for laboratory testing owing to intense fracturing and poor consolidation. In addition, the sampling protocols face the classical question of the scale effect on the properties of fault rocks. This study uses a numerical methodology to estimate rock properties of fault damage zones through geomechanical modeling based on the finite element method combined with elastoplastic models and softening/hardening laws. The obtained properties can be adopted in further simulations to represent fault damage zones better. 1. INTRODUCTION Most geologists recognize that faults include subsidiary structures in a region that covers both brittle discontinuities and ductile shear plastic deformation zones (Fossen, 2016). This region, known as the fault zone, consists of two structural domains: the fault core, defined by a central slip surface, and the surrounding volume, named the damage zone. In general, the fault core is a low-permeability zone with a width in the order of millimeters. On the other hand, depending on host rock lithology and fault displacements, damage zone widths can reach dimensions in the order of kilometers. Most damage zones in subsurface faults are characterized by a set of deformation bands and fracture networks, triggering a region with properties significantly different from the undeformed host rock or protolith (Caine et al., 1996; Paul et al., 2007; Hennings et al., 2012; Choi et al., 2016). For example, permeabilities in the damage zone can be several orders of magnitude higher than those in the protolith during fracturing, while Young's modulus values are usually lower (Cappa, 2009). Some authors have reported that permeability and Young's modulus of fault damage zones can vary in ranges from 1 · 10-14 to 10-16 m2 and 10 to 50 GPa, respectively (Faulkner &amp; Rutter, 2001; Zhang et al., 2008; Cappa &amp; Rutqvist, 2011; Qu &amp; Tveranger, 2016; Treffeisen &amp; Henk, 2020). In addition, frictional properties can be quite different between the host rock and the fault damage zone, with values reduced by up to 65% in the latter (Di Toro et al., 2011).
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Karasaki, Kenzi, Celia Tiemi Onishi, Erika Gasperikova, et al. "Development of Characterization Technology for Fault Zone Hydrology." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40121.

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Several deep trenches were cut, and a number of geophysical surveys were conducted across the Wildcat Fault in the hills east of Berkeley, California. The Wildcat Fault is believed to be a strike-slip fault and a member of the Hayward Fault System, with over 10 km of displacement. So far, three boreholes of ∼ 150m deep have been core-drilled and borehole geophysical logs were conducted. The rocks are extensively sheared and fractured; gouges were observed at several depths and a thick cataclasitic zone was also observed. While confirming some earlier, published conclusions from shallow observations about Wildcat, some unexpected findings were encountered. Preliminary analysis indicates that Wildcat near the field site consists of multiple faults. The hydraulic test data suggest the dual properties of the hydrologic structure of the fault zone. A fourth borehole is planned to penetrate the main fault believed to lie in-between the holes. The main philosophy behind our approach for the hydrologic characterization of such a complex fractured system is to let the system take its own average and monitor a long term behavior instead of collecting a multitude of data at small length and time scales, or at a discrete fracture scale and to “up-scale,” which is extremely tenuous.
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Santiago Ortega, Javier, and Maria Cristina Tavares. "Fault Impedance Analysis in Half-Wavelength Transmission Lines." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2473.

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Half-wavelength (HWL) line has excellent steady-state properties to power transmission over very long distances, and technical and economic advantages over HVDC very long lines. However, protection system based on impedance calculations need carefully attention due to specific behavior of HWL line under fault. This paper analyzes the fault impedance on HLW lines to produce more insight about the effect of the capacitance, the point of fault, the resonance phenomenon, the transmission line model and the phasor estimation to the impedance measurement process in protective devices. This paper shows that the phase impedance estimation suffers higher deviation from ideal values as faults are applied far away from terminals and transposition introduces an additional deviation. Three characteristic impedance zones can be observed in HWL line. The steady-state phase impedance can be measured with a small error in the first zone and the third zone. Faults in the second zone (the middle of line) introduce a very high deviation due to line transposition.
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Zhang, Yu, Honglin Xiao, XiaoMing Zhang, et al. "Integration Applications of Image and Sonic Data in the Fault-Dominated Carbonate Reservoir in Tarim Basin." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207427-ms.

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Abstract Carbonate reservoir is one of the most complex and important reservoirs in the world. It was confirmed that the slip-strike fault played a crucial role in the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir in Tarim basin. It is challenging to evaluate this kind of reservoir using the open-hole log or seismic data. Identifying and characterizing the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir were the objectives of this case study. High-definition borehole resistivity image and dipole sonic logs were run in several wells in the research area. It was revealed the detail features of the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir, such as natural fractures, faults or breccias. Compared with the typical geological model of strike-slip faults and outcrop features, the characteristics of the breccia zone and the fracture zone in the strike-slip fault system were summarized from the borehole image interpretation. A unique workflow was innovated with the integration of image and sonic data. Breccias and fractures were observed in the borehole image; and reflections or attenuations in Stoneley waveforms can provide indicating flag for permeable zones. Integrated with the other related geological data like mud logging or cores, the best pay zones in the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir were located. The characteristics of the strike-slip fault was revealed with the integration of the full-bore formation microimager and dipole shear sonic imager data. The fault core was a typical breccia zone with strong dissolution, which showed good potential in permeability, but it was found that some fault cores were filled with siliceous rock or intrusive rock. The features of the fillings in the fault zone were described based on the image and sonic data. The side cores or geochemical spectroscopy logs data helped to determine the mineralogy of the fillings. The fracture zones had clear responses in the image and sonic data too. The un-filled or half-filled breccia zone were the best zones in the fault-dominated carbonated reservoir. The details of the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir could be used in the future three-dimensional geological modelling.
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Noufal, Abdelwahab. "Fault Planes Materials Fill Characteristics, UAE." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207217-ms.

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Abstract Abu Dhabi subsurface fault populations triggered basin system in diverse directions, because of their significant role as fluid pathways. Studying fault infill materials, fault geometries, zone architecture and sealing properties from outcrops as analogues to the subsurface of Abu Dhabi, and combining these with well data and cores are the main objectives of this paper. The fault core around the fault plane and in areas of overlap between fault segments and around the fault tip include slip surfaces and deformed rocks such as fault gouge, breccia, and lenses of host rock, shale smear, salt flux and diagenetic features. Structural geometry of the fault zone architecture and fault plane infill is mainly based on the competency contrast of the materials, that are behaving in ductile or in a brittle manner, which are distributed in the subsurface of Abu Dhabi sedimentary sequences with variable thicknesses. Brittleness is producing lenses, breccia and gouge, while, ductile intervals (principally shales and salt), evolved in smear and flux. The fault and fractures are behaving in a sealy or leaky ways is mainly dependent on the percentage of these materials in the fault deformation zone. The reservoir sections distancing from shale and salt layers are affected by diagenetic impact of the carbonates filling fault zones by recrystallized calcite and dolomite. Musandam area, Ras Al Khaima (RAK), and Jabal Hafit (JH) on the northeast- and eastern-side of the UAE represents good surface analogues for studying fault materials infill characteristics. To approach this, several samples, picked from fault planes, were analysed. NW-trending faults system show more dominant calcite, dolomite, anhydrites and those closer to salt and shale intervals are showing smearing of the ductile infill. The other linked segments and transfer faults of other directions are represented by a lesser percentage of infill. In areas of gravitational tectonics, the decollement ductile interval is intruded in differently oriented open fractures. The studied outcrops of the offshore salt islands and onshore Jabal Al Dhanna (JD) showing salt flux in the surrounding layers that intruded by the salt. The fractures and faults of the surrounding layers and the embedment insoluble layers are highly deformed and showing nearly total seal. As the salt behaving in an isotropic manner, the deformation can be measured clearly by its impact on the surrounding and embedment's insoluble rocks. The faults/fractures behaviour is vicious in migrating hydrocarbons, production enhancement and hydraulic fracturing propagation.
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Chan, A. W., D. Murray, S. De Gennaro, and G. O’Reilly. "Can Lost Circulation Materials (LCM) Cure Losses Across Fault Damage Zone?" In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0478.

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ABSTRACT Severe lost circulation events have been observed from various assets across our global portfolio while drilling and completing through fault damage zones in recent years. Common characteristics of these events include: (1) pressures at which losses occurred in the proximity of fault zones appear to be significantly lower than the estimated lost circulation threshold (or fracture gradient, FG) for tensile failure of the intact formation; (2) most of these lost circulation events are dynamic in nature; (3) the more severe loss events happened when crossing fault damage zones in the more permeable reservoir rocks; and (4) Loss Circulation Material (LCM) have been deployed in attempts to cure these losses with minimal success when drilling resumed. In this paper, we will present a few examples of our more severe fault-related lost circulation events from assets in the North Sea and the South China Sea where LCM had been used with various degrees of success in curing these losses. At first glance through the drilling reports, it appears that LCM deployments had only temporarily cured the losses and the improvements disappeared as soon as drilling resumed. However, closer examinations of real-time and memory pressure-time data reveal that several phenomena somewhat similar to our extensive wellbore strengthening experience from depleted drilling can be made. Our detailed investigations also illustrated some of the potential root causes behind the apparent failure in various LCM deployment techniques in curing losses associated with fault damage zones. Based on these new insights, a pragmatic LCM deployment strategy has been developed in combating future lost circulation events while drilling (and completing) through fault damage zones. INTRODUCTION Lost circulation events due to reactivation of fault damage zones have been observed and reported more frequently in recent years. Prior to these sudden loss events when the well intersected the fault damage zones, drilling through the intact formation is typically uneventful with steady drilling parameters and Equivalent Circulation Density (or ECD) well within the predicted lost circulation threshold of the intact formation (or Fracture Gradient, FG). As noted by Abd Rahim et al. (2019) and Brem et al. (2019), some of these sudden drops in ECD can be quite significant and the stabilizing pressure can be up to 20 to 30% below the FG of intact formation. While the losses can be quite severe (above 200 to 300 barrels per hour, bbl/hr), they are typically dynamic in nature (i.e., the well is static when pumps are off). Based on additional observations from our global portfolio, Chan et al. (2022) proposed an integrated framework to de-risk fluid loss potential for well planning and fluid design when penetrating faults is unavoidable (Figure 1). While the framework provides a key tool for planning and mitigates the potential impacts of faults presented to drilling and completion operation, the large subsurface uncertainties (e.g., presence of faults, geometry of faults, stress characterizations) can still result in a relatively large range in FG estimates related to faults. An efficient and robust recovery measure should still be in place. Lost circulation material (LCM) pills are typically used to treat losses and most pills are designed against slot tests in attempts to plug up fractures with a given aperture (typically 2000μm to 6000μm's). The design of these LCM pills focus primarily on their de-fluidizing nature, particle sizes and/or inclusion of bridging materials such as fibers. However, our global experience suggested that the results from application of various LCM pills against fault-related losses are mixed at best. In other words, losses appear to be cured but resumed as soon as drilling started. In this paper, we will present some of our key observations from a detailed review on the effectiveness of LCM treatments against fault-induced losses based on a few more severe lost circulation events in the North Sea and the South China Sea. These new insights provided the basis to update our LCM deployment strategy and also feedback to our de-risking framework via the dynamic considerations (figure 1) in planning and combating future lost events while drilling through fault damage zones.
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Ryter, Lila, and Benjamin Surpless. "FAULT-TIP DAMAGE ZONE DEVELOPMENT DURING NORMAL FAULT PROPAGATION WITHIN THE SEVIER NORMAL FAULT ZONE, SOUTHERN UTAH." In Joint 60th Annual Meeting of the GSA Northeastern Section and 59th Annual Meeting of the GSA North-Central Section - 2025. Geological Society of America, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2025ne-407507.

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Reports on the topic "Fault zone"

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Hylland, Michael D., Adam I. Hiscock, Greg N. McDonald, et al. Paleoseismic Investigation of the Taylorsville Fault at the Airport East Site, West Valley Fault Zone, Salt Lake County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-169.

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The West Valley fault zone (WVFZ) and Salt Lake City segment (SLCS) of the Wasatch fault zone comprise Holoceneactive normal faults that bound an intrabasin graben in northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Both fault zones have evidence of recurrent Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes. A topic of recent research is the seismogenic relation of the antithetic (subsidiary) WVFZ to the Wasatch fault zone—specifically, to what degree are WVFZ earthquakes independent of slip on the SLCS, or other adjacent segments, of the Wasatch fault zone. To improve paleoseismic data for the WVFZ and better understand the seismogenic relation between the WVFZ and Wasatch fault zone, we conducted a fault-trench investigation at the Airport East site, developed new earthquake recurrence and fault sliprate estimates for the WVFZ, and compared WVFZ earthquake timing data with data from the Wasatch fault zone.
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Hylland, Michael D., Adam I. Hiscock, Greg N. McDonald, et al. Paleoseismic Investigation of the Taylorsville Fault at the Airport East Site, West Valley Fault Zone, Salt Lake County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-169.

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The West Valley fault zone (WVFZ) and Salt Lake City segment (SLCS) of the Wasatch fault zone comprise Holoceneactive normal faults that bound an intrabasin graben in northern Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Both fault zones have evidence of recurrent Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes. A topic of recent research is the seismogenic relation of the antithetic (subsidiary) WVFZ to the Wasatch fault zone—specifically, to what degree are WVFZ earthquakes independent of slip on the SLCS, or other adjacent segments, of the Wasatch fault zone. To improve paleoseismic data for the WVFZ and better understand the seismogenic relation between the WVFZ and Wasatch fault zone, we conducted a fault-trench investigation at the Airport East site, developed new earthquake recurrence and fault sliprate estimates for the WVFZ, and compared WVFZ earthquake timing data with data from the Wasatch fault zone.
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Hiscock, Adam I. Hiscock, Emily J. Kleber, Susanne U. Jänecke, Greg N. McDonald, Robert Q. Oaks Jr., and Tammy Rittenour. Fault Trace Mapping and Surface-Fault-Rupture Special Study Zone Delineation of the East and West Cache Fault Zones and Other Regional Faults, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ri-286.

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The Cache Valley region in northern Utah and southern Idaho contains and is surrounded by several large, hazardous faults which pose significant earthquake risk. The 40-mile-long (65 km) East Cache fault zone (ECFZ) and the 35-mile-long (56 km) West Cache fault zone (WCFZ) bound the Cache Valley graben and both show evidence of large surface-faulting earthquakes in the late Quaternary. Other hazardous faults in the Cache Valley region include the intrabasin Dayton-Oxford fault, the Mantua area faults within the Wellsville Mountains, and the James Peak fault at the very southern end of the ECFZ. This region is a rapidly growing area of northern Utah, with development spreading along the margins of the valley and encroaching on these hazardous fault zones. Airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data was collected in the Cache Valley area in 2016, 2018, and 2020. High-resolution topographic data derived from these lidar datasets has allowed for a complete update of the mapping of surface traces of the ECFZ, WCFZ, and other regional faults. Previously, the surface location and extent of fault traces associated with these fault zones were not well understood in many areas, owing to limited aerial photography coverage, heavy vegetation near range fronts, and the difficulty in recognizing moderate (&lt;1 m) scarp heights in the field or on aerial photographs. In addition to lidar-derived elevation data, other datasets including previous geologic mapping, paleoseismic investigations, historical aerial photography, and field investigations were used to identify and map surface fault traces and infer fault locations. Special-study zones were delineated around fault traces to facilitate understanding of the surface-rupturing hazard and associated risk. The fault geometries, attributes, and special-study zones were published in the Utah Geologic Hazards Portal simultaneously with this Report of Investigation. Defining surface-fault-rupture special-study zones encourages the creation and implementation of municipal and county geologic-hazard ordinances dealing with hazardous faults. We identified potential paleoseismic investigation sites where fault scarps appear relatively pristine, are in geologically favorable settings, and where additional earthquake timing data would be beneficial to earthquake research of the ECFZ, WCFZ, and other regional faults. This report contains supplementary material describing the data and methods used to perform the mapping and in locating potential paleoseismic investigation sites in the study area. This work is critical to raise awareness of earthquake hazards in areas of Utah experiencing rapid growth.
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Hadlari, T., R. A. Millar, and L. S. Lane. The Eskimo Lakes Fault Zone renamed Husky Lakes Fault Zone, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326948.

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McDonald, Greg N., Emily J. Kleber, Adam I. Hiscock, Scott E. K. Bennett, and Steve D. Bowman. Fault Trace Mapping and Surface-Fault-Rupture Special Study Zone Delineation of the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah and Idaho. Utah Geological Survey, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ri-280.

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Dubé, B., and K. Lauzière. Cape Ray Fault Zone, SW Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207599.

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Arnold, Bill Walter, Barry L. Roberts, Sean Andrew McKenna, and Timothy C. Coburn. Spatial analysis of hypocenter to fault relationships for determining fault process zone width in Japan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876371.

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Dube, B., K. Lauziere, and A. Tremblay. Structural geology of a crustal scale fault zone: the Cape Ray Fault coastal section, southwestern Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132896.

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Dubé, B., and K. Lauzière. Gold metallogeny of the Cape Ray Fault Zone, southwest Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209256.

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RIENÄCKER, Julia, Ronny LÄHNE, Wolfgang GOSSEL, and Peter WYCISK. Geological 3D model of Halle/Saale – complex fault-zone modelling (Germany). Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0118.

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