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Journal articles on the topic 'Fault zone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Forouzesh, Alireza, Mohammad S. Golsorkhi, Mehdi Savaghebi, and Mehdi Baharizadeh. "Support Vector Machine Based Fault Location Identification in Microgrids Using Interharmonic Injection." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082317.

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This paper proposes an algorithm for detection and identification of the location of short circuit faults in islanded AC microgrids (MGs) with meshed topology. Considering the low level of fault current and dependency of the current angle on the control strategies, the legacy overcurrent protection schemes are not effective in in islanded MGs. To overcome this issue, the proposed algorithm detects faults based on the rms voltages of the distributed energy resources (DERs) by means of support vector machine classifiers. Upon detection of a fault, the DER which is electrically closest to the fau

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KOTHYARI, G. C., R. K. DUMKA, A. P. SINGH, G. CHAUHAN, M. G. THAKKAR, and S. K. BISWAS. "Tectonic evolution and stress pattern of South Wagad Fault at the Kachchh Rift Basin in western India." Geological Magazine 154, no. 4 (2016): 875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000509.

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AbstractWe describe a study of the E–W-trending South Wagad Fault (SWF) complex at the eastern part of the Kachchh Rift Basin (KRB) in Western India. This basin was filled during Late Cretaceous time, and is presently undergoing tectonic inversion. During the late stage of the inversion cycle, all the principal rift faults were reactivated as transpressional strike-slip faults. The SWF complex shows wrench geometry of an anastomosing en échelon fault, where contractional and extensional segments and offsets alternate along the Principal Deformation Zone (PDZ). Geometric analysis of different s

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Sexton, John L., and Harvey Henson Jr. "Interpretation of seismic reflection and gravity profile data in western Lake Superior." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 4 (1994): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-058.

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The interpretation of 1047 km of seismic reflection data collected in western Lake Superior is presented along with reflection traveltime contour maps and gravity models to understand the overall geometry of the Midcontinent Rift System beneath the lake. The Douglas, Isle Royale, and Keweenaw fault zones, clearly imaged on the seismic profiles, are interpreted to be large offset detachment faults associated with initial rifting. These faults have been reactivated as reverse faults with 3–5 km of throw. The Douglas Fault Zone is not directly connected with the Isle Royale Fault Zone. The seismi

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Onwuka, I. K., O. Oputa, G. C. Diyoke, C. S. Ezeonye, and P. I. Obi. "EFFECTS OF VARYING FAULT IMPEDANCE ON DISTANCE PROTECTION SCHEMES OF 11 KV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS." BAYERO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 18, no. 2 (2023): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14520847.

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Distance protection schemes are used in the protection of transmission and distribution lines and they use distance relay in their operations. The protection scheme is always partitioned into two or more zones and each zone is a certain percentage of the entire length of the line (which may also include the next line). With all things being equal, the tripping of the relays is solely a function of the zones where the fault occurred, that is, the location of the occurrence of the fault. However, it has been shown in this paper through simulations in Power System Computer-Aided Design (PSCAD) th

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Wang, You Xi, and Guang Zhe Deng. "Numerical Simulation of Vertical Ground Stress Distribution along Fault Trend Direction in a Metal Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.119.

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The fault breaks continuous ground stress distribution. The rock mass in fault zone is weak and broken, it becomes stress decreasing zone. The paper, which is combined with engineering practice and rock mechanics test, numerically simulates geological environment of fault zones and analyzes faults trend direction influence on ground stress distribution in the metal mine. The results demonstrates that deep faults breaks down the continuity of ground stress distribution, principle stresses in lower wall of faults are smaller than it in hanging wall while high deep ground stresses are in cross di

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Kirkwood, Donna, and Michel Malo. "Across-strike geometry of the Grand Pabos fault zone: evidence for Devonian dextral transpression in the Quebec Appalachians." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 7 (1993): 1363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-117.

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The principal faults of southeastern Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec consist of a central high-strain zone that is characterized by mainly ductile deformation structures and bordered by low-strain zones each dominated by brittle deformation structures. The overall geometry of shear fractures within the low-strain zones is quite similar to the expected geometry of Riedel shear fractures. The brittle structures overprint the dominant C–S-type fabric of the high-strain zone, which implies that brittle deformation outlasted ductile deformation. The asymmetry of local micro- to meso-scale deformation fea

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Ichinose, Gene A., Kenneth D. Smith, and John G. Anderson. "Moment tensor solutions of the 1994 to 1996 Double Spring Flat, Nevada, earthquake sequence and implications for local tectonic models." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 6 (1998): 1363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880061363.

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Abstract The 12 September 1994 Mw 5.8 Double Spring Flat, Nevada, earthquake initiated at the intersection of a northeast- and northwest-striking set of conjugate faults within an overlapping zone between the Genoa and Antelope Valley fault zones, of the eastern Sierra Nevadan range frontal fault system. The mainshock ruptured on the northeast-striking fault plane. Eight days after the mainshock, the aftershock activity migrated from the mainshock fault plane to the northwest-striking conjugate fault. Over the next 2 years, aftershocks migrated southward onto another set of conjugate faults an

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Özsayin, Erman, and Kadir Dirik. "The role of oroclinal bending in the structural evolution of the Central Anatolian Plateau: evidence of a regional changeover from shortening to extension." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 4 (2011): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0026-7.

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The role of oroclinal bending in the structural evolution of the Central Anatolian Plateau: evidence of a regional changeover from shortening to extensionThe NW-SE striking extensional Inönü-Eskişehir Fault System is one of the most important active shear zones in Central Anatolia. This shear zone is comprised of semi-independent fault segments that constitute an integral array of crustal-scale faults that transverse the interior of the Anatolian plateau region. The WNW striking Eskişehir Fault Zone constitutes the western to central part of the system. Toward the southeast, this system splays

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Ma, Bingshan, Jiafu Qi, and Jiawang Ge. "Development of two-phase transfer zones during multiphase rifting and their influence on sedimentation in the Baxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, northern China." Geological Magazine 156, no. 11 (2019): 1821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000190.

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AbstractWe investigate the formation and deformation of transfer zones and their impact on sedimentation during multiphase rifting using a three-dimensional seismic dataset in the Baxian Sag, the onshore part of the Bohai Bay Basin, northern China. The fault system in the study area is dominated by two arcuate, opposing boundary faults, that is, the Niudong and Maxi faults, which form an S-type fault system which does not link together. The fault system and structural-stratigraphic features between the Eocene and Oligocene syn-rift sequences were distinctly different during the Palaeogene rift

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Fletcher, John M., Orlando J. Teran, Thomas K. Rockwell, et al. "An analysis of the factors that control fault zone architecture and the importance of fault orientation relative to regional stress." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 9-10 (2020): 2084–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35308.1.

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Abstract The moment magnitude 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah (EMC) earthquake of 2010 in northern Baja California, Mexico produced a cascading rupture that propagated through a geometrically diverse network of intersecting faults. These faults have been exhumed from depths of 6–10 km since the late Miocene based on low-temperature thermochronology, synkinematic alteration, and deformational fabrics. Coseismic slip of 1–6 m of the EMC event was accommodated by fault zones that displayed the full spectrum of architectural styles, from simple narrow fault zones (&lt; 100 m in width) that have a single

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Damayanti, Cahya, Sismanto Sismanto, Ari Setiawan, and Lina Handayani. "IDENTIFYING THE BASEMENT STRUCTURE OF THE SULA FAULT ZONE IN THE BANGGAI-SULA MICROCONTINENT REGION, MOLUCCA SEA, BASED ON 2D GRAVITY INVERSION MODELLING USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMISATION AND 3D MODELLING USING GRABLOX." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 40, no. 2 (2025): 137–54. https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2025.2.10.

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This study aims to delineate the basement structure of Sula fault zones within the Banggai-Sula Microcontinent Region through the implementation of 2D and 3D gravity inversion modelling. The Sula fault is a consequence of the convergence between the Banggai-Sula Microcontinent and northern regions, or the compression caused by the extrusion of material from the Molucca Sea collision zone to the south. This is an active fault, with a few earthquakes in the last two decades. As a complex active fault, this presents several questions, particularly about the fault’s structure. Residual anomaly dat

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Arsdale, Roy Van, Jodi Purser, William Stephenson, and Jack Odum. "Faulting along the southern margin of Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 1 (1998): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880010131.

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Abstract The Reelfoot Lake basin, Tennessee, is structurally complex and of great interest seismologically because it is located at the junction of two seismicity trends of the New Madrid seismic zone. To better understand the structure at this location, a 7.5-km-long seismic reflection profile was acquired on roads along the southern margin of Reelfoot Lake. The seismic line reveals a westerly dipping basin bounded on the west by the Reelfoot reverse fault zone, the Ridgely right-lateral transpressive fault zone on the east, and the Cottonwood Grove right-lateral strike-slip fault in the midd

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13

Pei, Yangwen, Douglas A. Paton, Rob J. Knipe, W. Henry Lickorish, Anren Li, and Kongyou Wu. "Field-based investigation of fault architecture: A case study from the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt, Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 1-2 (2019): 389–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35140.1.

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AbstractThe fault zone architecture of a thrust fault zone is critical for understanding the strain accommodation and structural evolution in contractional systems. The fault architecture is also important for understanding fluid-flow behavior both along and/or across thrust fault zones and for evaluating potential fault-related compartmentalization. Because mesoscale (1–100 m) structural features are normally beyond seismic resolution, high-resolution outcrop in situ mapping (5–10 cm resolution) was employed to study the deformation features of a thrust fault zone located in the Qaidam Basin,

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Kolyukhin, Dmitriy R., Vadim V. Lisitsa, Maxim I. Protasov, et al. "Seismic imaging and statistical analysis of fault facies models." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (2017): SP71—SP82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0202.1.

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Interpretation of seismic responses from subsurface fault zones is hampered by the fact that the geologic structure and property distributions of fault zones can generally not be directly observed. This shortcoming curtails the use of seismic data for characterizing internal structure and properties of fault zones, and it has instead promoted the use of interpretation techniques that tend to simplify actual structural complexity by rendering faults as lines and planes rather than volumes of deformed rock. Facilitating the correlation of rock properties and seismic images of fault zones would e

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15

Tian, Fei, Jianting Yang, Ming Cheng, et al. "Geometry, kinematics and dynamic characteristics of a compound transfer zone: the Dongying anticline, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China." Open Geosciences 8, no. 1 (2016): 612–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2016-0053.

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AbstractThe Dongying anticline is an E-W striking complex fault-bounded block unit which located in the central Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. The anticline covers an area of approximately 12 km2. The overlying succession, which is mainly composed of Tertiary strata, is cut by normal faults with opposing dips. In terms of the general structure, the study area is located in a compound transfer zone with major bounding faults to the west (Ying 1 fault) and east (Ying -8 and -31 faults). Using three-dimensional seismic data, wireline log and checkshot data, the geometries and kinematics of

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Putra, Ahmad Dedi, Norasiah Sulaiman, Norsyafina Roslan, Habibah Jamil, and Khairunnisa Alias. "Fault Zone Identification for Groundwater Flow Assessment Based On Seismic Reflection Survey Data at the Area of Felda Lepar Utara, Pahang, Malaysia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2309, no. 1 (2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2309/1/012037.

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Abstract Geological structures such as faults and fractures have an important influence in the process of fluid movement below the surface. The hydraulic behavior in aquifers can be determined by proper characterization of fractures, fault zones and their connectivity. In this study, we concern on detection and identification of fault zones in the groundwater basin to verify whether faults in the basin area connect to the surface, and whether the fault zones occurring serve as conduits or barriers for groundwater to flow. The seismic reflection method with Common Depth Point (CDP) profiling te

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Alaei, Behzad, and Anita Torabi. "Seismic imaging of fault damaged zone and its scaling relation with displacement." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (2017): SP83—SP93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0230.1.

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We have studied seismically resolved damaged zone of normal faults in siliciclastic rocks of the Norwegian continental shelf. The workflow we have developed reveals structural details of the fault damaged zone and in particular, the subsidiary synthetic faults, horsetail at the main lateral fault tips at different depths and fault bend. These subsidiary or small fault segments form an area that can be clearly followed laterally and vertically. We call this area fault damaged zone. The studied damaged zone on seismic data comprises the fault core and the fault damage zone, as defined in outcrop

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18

Boncio, Paolo, Francesca Liberi, Martina Caldarella, and Fiia-Charlotta Nurminen. "Width of surface rupture zone for thrust earthquakes: implications for earthquake fault zoning." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 1 (2018): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-241-2018.

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Abstract. The criteria for zoning the surface fault rupture hazard (SFRH) along thrust faults are defined by analysing the characteristics of the areas of coseismic surface faulting in thrust earthquakes. Normal and strike–slip faults have been deeply studied by other authors concerning the SFRH, while thrust faults have not been studied with comparable attention. Surface faulting data were compiled for 11 well-studied historic thrust earthquakes occurred globally (5.4 ≤ M ≤ 7.9). Several different types of coseismic fault scarps characterize the analysed earthquakes, depending on the topograp

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Seminsky, К. Zh, A. S. Cheremnykh, O. M. Khlystov, and G. G. Akhmanov. "Fault Zones and Stress Fields in the Sedimentary Fill of Lake Baikal: Tectonophysical Approach for Seismic and Hydroacoustic Data Interpretation." Russian Geology and Geophysics 63, no. 7 (2022): 840–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204293.

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Abstract —This paper presents a schematic summary of comprehensive analysis of seismic, reflection profiling, and hydroacoustic data on faults which caused sediment deformation in the central segment of the Central Baikal basin. According to the tectonophysical analysis results, the fault pattern within sediment fill has been recognized as zone-block, i.e., it represents a network of high-density fracture zones limiting weakly deformed blocks. The structure of large NE-trending fault zones (Olkhon, Beregovoy, Gydratny, and Svyatoy Nos) is controlled by main fault planes (or their segments) bou

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Erickson, S. Gregg. "Deformation of shale and dolomite in the Lewis thrust fault zone, northwest Montana, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 9 (1994): 1440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-127.

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The Lewis thrust fault zone at Marias Pass, northwest Montana, is an example of a fault zone in which hanging-wall dolomite and footwall shale deformed at relatively shallow levels (~7 km). Fabric in the fault zone depends on the rock type. Deformation of dolomite involved coalescence and widening by cataclasis of fractures, formation of anastomosing cataclasite zones that isolate less deformed clasts, and rounding and reduction in size of clasts to produce random-fabric cataclasite. Whereas dolomite deformed by progressive widening of cataclasite zones, shale deformation localized along ultra

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Sibson, Richard H. "Dual-Driven Fault Failure in the Lower Seismogenic Zone." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 2 (2020): 850–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190190.

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ABSTRACT Frictional instability leading to fault rupture may be driven by increasing differential stress or by increases in pore-fluid pressure within the rock mass. Geological evidence (from hydrothermal vein systems in exhumed faults) together with geophysical information around active faults support the localized invasion of near lithostatically overpressured hydrothermal fluids, derived from prograde metamorphism at greater depths, into lower portions of the crustal seismogenic zone at depths of about 10–15 km (250°C&lt;T&lt;350°C). This is especially true of compressional–transpre

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Mishra, Chandra Sekhar, Ranjan Kumar Jena, Pampa Sinha, et al. "Optimized Fault Detector Based Pattern Recognition Technique to Classify and Localize Electrical Faults in Modern Distribution Systems." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 4, no. 3 (2024): 1135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v4i3.1474.

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This research presents a method that integrates artificial neural networks (ANN) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to identify and classify faults in large power networks, as well as to pinpoint the zones where these faults occur. The objective is to enhance reliability and safety by accurately detecting and categorizing electrical faults. To manage the computational demands of processing the extensive and complex data from the power system, the network is divided into optimal zones, each made visible for fault detection. Niche Binary particle swarm optimization (NBPSO) is employed to place

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Madabhushi, Sriram, and Pradeep Talwani. "Fault plane solutions and relocations of recent earthquakes in Middleton Place Summerville Seismic Zone near Charleston, South Carolina." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 83, no. 5 (1993): 1442–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0830051442.

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Abstract The Middleton Place Summerville Seismic Zone (MPSSZ), located about 20 km northwest of Charleston is the most active seismic zone in South Carolina. Between 1980 and 1991, 58 events with Md 0.8 to 3.3 were recorded in MPSSZ. They lie in a diffuse area of 11 km by 14 km of which over two-thirds are located in a narrow 5 km by 6-km zone. The hypocentral depths range from 2 to 11 km with over 90% deeper than 4 km. Single fault plane solutions were obtained for 35 events. Based on the focal mechanisms the earthquakes were grouped into five subsets. The mean P-axis of all fault plane solut

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Xu, Cao, Cao Xiaoshan, Han Tielin, and Ru Yan. "Analysis of the Influence of Fault Fracture Zone on Mining Response Based on FDM-DEM Coupling." Geofluids 2022 (June 21, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2648144.

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Fault slip will cause a change in mining stress at the longwall face, which will cause adverse effects. In this study, on the basis of Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions (FLAC3D) and Particle Flow Code in 3 Dimensions (PFC3D), the sliding of the fault fracture zone and its impact on the longwall working face were analyzed. The rock mass of the fault fracture zone with a certain thickness was constructed using rigid random model particles. The coupling between the wall element of PFC3D and the zone element of the continuous medium in the software was used to realize the transm

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Rivas-Medina, Alicia, Belen Benito, and Jorge Miguel Gaspar-Escribano. "Approach for combining fault and area sources in seismic hazard assessment: application in south-eastern Spain." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 11 (2018): 2809–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2809-2018.

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Abstract. This paper presents a methodological approach to seismic hazard assessment based on a hybrid source model composed of faults as independent entities and zones containing residual seismicity. The seismic potential of both types of sources is derived from different data: for the zones, the recurrence model is estimated from the seismic catalogue. For fault sources, it is inferred from slip rates derived from palaeoseismicity and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurements. Distributing the seismic potential associated with each source is a key question when considering hybri

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Bloom, Colin K., Andrew Howell, Timothy Stahl, Chris Massey, and Corinne Singeisen. "The influence of off-fault deformation zones on the near-fault distribution of coseismic landslides." Geology 50, no. 3 (2021): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49429.1.

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Abstract Coseismic landslides are observed in higher concentrations around surface-rupturing faults. This observation has been attributed to a combination of stronger ground motions and increased rock mass damage closer to faults. Past work has shown it is difficult to separate the influences of rock mass damage from strong ground motions on landslide occurrence. We measured coseismic off-fault deformation (OFD) zone widths (treating them as a proxy for areas of more intense rock mass damage) using high-resolution, three-dimensional surface displacements from the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquak

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Reitherman, Robert. "The Effectiveness of Fault Zone Regulations in California." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 1 (1992): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585670.

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In 1990 a study was completed for the California Division of Mines and Geology on the effectiveness of California's fault zone regulations (the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act and associated policies and activities). The Act, passed in 1972, instituted the following elements of a statewide mandatory approach to dealing with the hazard of surface fault rupture: state mapping of fault zones (Special Study Zones) where active faults are suspected; local government imposition of the requirement of a geologic study on new building projects within these Zones (with some single family dwelli

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Botter, Charlotte, Nestor Cardozo, Dongfang Qu, Jan Tveranger, and Dmitriy Kolyukhin. "Seismic characterization of fault facies models." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (2017): SP9—SP26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0226.1.

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Faults play a key role in reservoirs by enhancing or restricting fluid flow. A fault zone can be divided into a fault core that accommodates most of the displacement and a surrounding damage zone. Interpretation of seismic data is a key method for studying subsurface features, but the internal structure and properties of fault zones are often at the limit of seismic resolution. We have investigated the seismic response of a vertical fault zone model in sandstone, populated with fault facies based on deformation band distributions. Deformation bands reduce the porosity of the sandstone, and the

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Tariq, Rizwan, Ibrahim Alhamrouni, Ateeq Ur Rehman, et al. "An Optimized Solution for Fault Detection and Location in Underground Cables Based on Traveling Waves." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176468.

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Faults in the power system affect the reliability, safety, and stability. Power-distribution systems are familiar with the different faults that can damage the overall performance of the entire system, from which they need to be effectively cleared. Underground power systems are more complex and require extra accuracy in fault detection and location for optimum fault management. Slow processing and the unavailability of a protection zone for relay coordination are concerns in fault detection and location, as these reduce the performance of power-protection systems. In this regard, this article

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Kamble, Vijaykumar S., Prabodh Khampariya, and Amol A. Kalage. "A Survey on the Development of Real-Time Overcurrent Relay Coordination Using an Optimization Algorithm." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 5 (2022): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.nq22150.

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The current work is a survey on the development of real-time overcurrent relay coordination utilizing an optimization approach. Overcurrent relays are a safeguard commonly used in transmission and distribution networks owing to their low cost. Depending on the operating conditions and the location of the faults, load or fault currents in a mesh system may loop in or out of the protective zone of the overcurrent relay. As a result, directional overcurrent relays are employed to determine whether the fault is inside or outside the protective zone. The goal of overcurrent relay coordination is to

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Li, Changsheng, Shuangjian Li, Zongquan Hu, Jian Gao, Butao Shi, and Yu Chi. "Growth Mechanisms of Small-Displacement Strike–Slip Faults in Cratonic Basins: Insights from Material Point Method Simulations." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061946.

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Exploration in the Tarim Craton has established that small-displacement strike–slip faults control carbonate reservoirs’ development and oil and gas accumulation. Oil and gas primarily accumulate within a defined lateral distance from these faults. Material point method (MPM) simulations of such fault systems revealed a functional relationship between the regular spacing of initial oblique Riedel fractures and brittle layer thickness under simple shear. This thickness critically governs the spatial organization of the resultant fault system. Riedel shear zones propagate upwards from the base i

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Tang, Qingsong, Shuhang Tang, Bing Luo, et al. "Seismic Description of Deep Strike-slip Fault Damage Zone by Steerable Pyramid Method in the Sichuan Basin, China." Energies 15, no. 21 (2022): 8131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218131.

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Large quantities of gas resources have been found in the Paleo-Mesozoic carbonate rocks in the Sichuan Basin. However, many wells cannot obtain high production in deep low porosity-permeability reservoirs. For this contribution, we provide a steerable pyramid method for identifying the fault damage zone in the Kaijiang–Liangping platform margin, which is infeasible by conventional seismic methods. The results show that steerable pyramid processing could enhance the seismic fault imaging and a series of NW-trending strike-slip faults are found along the trend of the carbonate platform margin. T

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Johnson, Jeffrey A. "Off-fault Deformation Associated with Strike-slip Faults." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 24, no. 4 (2018): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2030.

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Abstract Habitable buildings can be protected from surface fault rupture by establishing structure “setback zones” similar in purpose to legally mandated zones in California and Utah. But post-earthquake surveys of offset and warped linear cultural features, believed to have been straight prior to the event, demonstrate that potentially damaging inelastic strains or off-fault deformation can extend tens of meters beyond the principal slip zone of strike-slip surface fault ruptures. Setback zones designed to also mitigate off-fault deformation are likely to be prohibitively wide, indicating the

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LIU, Jiawei, Guanghui WU, Qingsong TANG, Yonghong WU, Wenjin ZHANG, and Zhongyu ZHAO. "Effects of Intracratonic Strike‐slip Fault on the Differentiation of Carbonate Microfacies: A Case Study of a Permian Platform Margin in the Sichuan Basin (SW China)." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 98, no. 4 (2024): 936–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15203.

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AbstractIn intracratnoic basins, the effect of strike‐slip faults on sedimentary microfacies is generally underestimated due to their small scale. Based on the integration of core, well logs, and three‐dimensional seismic data, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Permian carbonate platform and strike‐slip faults in the southwestern Kaijiang‐Liangping trough of the Sichuan Basin. The relationship between strike‐slip faults and Permian carbonate microfacies is investigated. The results reveals the existence of a NW‐trending strike‐slip fault zone along the platform margin, exhibi

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Torabi, A., T. S. S. Ellingsen, M. U. Johannessen, B. Alaei, A. Rotevatn, and D. Chiarella. "Fault zone architecture and its scaling laws: where does the damage zone start and stop?" Geological Society, London, Special Publications 496, no. 1 (2019): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp496-2018-151.

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AbstractDamage zones of different fault types are investigated in siliciclastics (Utah, USA), carbonates (Majella Mountain, Italy) and metamorphic rocks (western Norway). The study was conducted taking measurements of deformation features such as fractures and deformation bands on multiple 1D scanlines along fault walls. The resulting datasets are used to plot the frequency distribution of deformation features and to constrain the geometrical width of the damage zone for the studied faults. The damage-zone width of a single fault is constrained by identifying the changes in the slope of cumula

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Khavari, Saeid, Rahman Dashti, Hamid Reza Shaker, and Athila Santos. "High Impedance Fault Detection and Location in Combined Overhead Line and Underground Cable Distribution Networks Equipped with Data Loggers." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092331.

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Power distribution networks are vulnerable to different faults, which compromise the grid performance and need to be managed effectively. Automatic and accurate fault detection and location are key components of effective fault management. This paper proposes a new framework for fault detection and location for smart distribution networks that are equipped with data loggers. The framework supports networks with mixed overhead lines and underground cables. The proposed framework consists of area detection, faulty section identification, and high impedance fault location. Firstly, the faulty zon

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Baars, D. L. "Basement Tectonic Configuration in Kansas." Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no. 237 (April 16, 2024): 7–9. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.237.20414.

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The structure of the Precambrian basement of Kansas, midcontinent USA, is dominated by conjugate north-northeast- and northwest-trending wrench fault zones. North-northeast-trending faults of the Midcontinent Rift System (MRS) extend from Lake Superior across Kansas and into north-central Oklahoma. The fault zone widens from about 100 km (60 mi) in northeast Kansas to more than 160 km (96 mi) in south-central Kansas in a series of horsetail splays. North-northeast-trending structures of the MRS are displaced by about 80 km (48 mi) of dextral offset by the northwest-trending strike-slip fault z

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Wang, Shenglei, Lixin Chen, Zhou Su, et al. "Differential Characteristics of Conjugate Strike-Slip Faults and Their Controls on Fracture-Cave Reservoirs in the Halahatang Area of the Northern Tarim Basin, NW China." Minerals 14, no. 7 (2024): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14070688.

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The X-type strike-slip fault system and weathering crust karst fracture-cave and channel reservoirs were developed in the Halahatang area of the northern Tarim Basin. However, the relationship between the reservoir and the strike-slip fault remains controversial. Based on the core data, and taking an NE-striking strike-slip fault as an example, this paper dissects the karst reservoir from wells along the strike-slip fault damage zone and analyzes the control of scales, properties, and segmentation styles of strike-slip faults on karst reservoirs. The results show that (1) the scale of the stri

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Marlow, Christopher, Christine Powell, and Randel Cox. "Aeromagnetic Interpretations of the Crittenden County Fault Zone." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 1 (2020): 494–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200209.

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Abstract The Crittenden County fault zone (CCFZ) is a potentially active fault zone located within 25 km of Memphis, Tennessee, and poses a significant seismic hazard to the region. Previous research has associated the fault zone with basement faults of the eastern Reelfoot rift margin (ERRM) and described it as a northeast-striking, northwest-dipping reverse fault. However, we suggest that there is an incomplete understanding of the fault geometry of the CCFZ and the ERRM in this region due to significant gaps in seismic reflection profiles used to interpret the fault systems. To improve our

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Weidman, Luke, Jillian M. Maloney, and Thomas K. Rockwell. "Geotechnical data synthesis for GIS-based analysis of fault zone geometry and hazard in an urban environment." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (2019): 1999–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02098.1.

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Abstract Many fault zones trend through developed urban areas where their geomorphic expression is unclear, making it difficult to study fault zone details and assess seismic hazard. One example is the Holocene-active Rose Canyon fault zone, a strike-slip fault with potential to produce a M6.9 earthquake, which traverses the city of San Diego, California (USA). Several strands trend through densely populated areas, including downtown. Much of the developed environment in San Diego predates aerial imagery, making assessment of the natural landscape difficult. To comply with regulations on devel

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Brinkerhoff, Riley, John McBride, Sam Hudson, et al. "Strain partitioning between ductile and brittle stratigraphy." Geosites 50 (September 1, 2022): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/ugap.v50i.109.

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The Sand Wash fault zone is a segmented and discontinuous fault system that strikes northwest to south east in the central part of the Uinta Basin. It is approximately 34 kilometers long with an uncommonly wide damage zone, typically 100 to 200 meters wide. Due to recent, rapid, and large-scale incision by the Green River and its tributaries, the Sand-Wash fault zone is well exposed in several closely spaced canyons. These canyon exposures allow mapping of the lateral relationships through panoramic photographs and surface kinematic descriptions. Most movement on the Sand Wash fault zone occur

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Fagereng, Å., and A. Beall. "Is complex fault zone behaviour a reflection of rheological heterogeneity?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2193 (2021): 20190421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0421.

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Fault slip speeds range from steady plate boundary creep through to earthquake slip. Geological descriptions of faults range from localized displacement on one or more discrete planes, through to distributed shearing flow in tabular zones of finite thickness, indicating a large range of possible strain rates in natural faults. We review geological observations and analyse numerical models of two-phase shear zones to discuss the degree and distribution of fault zone heterogeneity and effects on active fault slip style. There must be certain conditions that produce earthquakes, creep and slip at

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Cox, Randel Tom, Robert D. Hatcher, Steven L. Forman, et al. "Synthesis of Recent Paleoseismic Research on Quaternary Faulting in the Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone, Eastern North America: Implications for Seismic Hazard and Intraplate Seismicity." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112, no. 2 (2022): 1161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210209.

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ABSTRACT Causes of intraplate seismicity remain a great unsolved problem, in contrast with plate-boundary seismicity. Modern seismicity records frequent seismic activity in plate-boundary seismic zones, but in fault zones where seismic activity is not frequent, plate boundary or intraplate, resolution of prehistoric earthquake activity is critical for estimating earthquake recurrence interval and maximum expected magnitude. Thus, documenting prehistoric earthquakes is crucial for assessing earthquake hazard posed to infrastructure, including nuclear reactors and large dams. The ∼400 km long ea

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Sun, Kai, Chuanyou Li, Mingjian Liang, et al. "Spatial Variations of Late Quaternary Slip Rates along the Ganzi–Xianshuihe Fault Zone in the Eastern Tibet." Remote Sensing 16, no. 14 (2024): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16142612.

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The Ganzi–Xianshuihe Fault Zone is a large-scale sinistral strike-slip fault zone on the eastern Tibet. As the boundary fault zone of the Bayankala Block and the Chuandian Block, it controls the clockwise rotation of the southeastern Tibet. However, there is still controversy regarding the activity changes between fault zones. Therefore, accurately determining the slip rates of faults in the area is crucial for characterizing regional plate motions and assessing associated seismic hazards. We focused on studying four fault segments near the Ganzi–Xianshuihe Fault Zone, including the Manigango,

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Li, Jinxuan, Songfeng Guo, Shengwen Qi, et al. "Spatial Variations of Deformation along a Strike-Slip Fault: A Case Study of Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwest China." Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (2024): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14062439.

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The distribution of damage zones around a fault has long been regarded as a frontier and hot spot in the field of geoscience but is still not fully understood. In this study, we conducted field investigations and tests around the Xianshuihe fault zone (XSHF), a left-lateral strike-slip fault with a length of about 400 km located in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results reveal that the fracture frequency and rock strength parameters present a spatially asymmetric distribution along the fault and have a negative power-law correlation with the distance from the fault. The widths

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Treffeisen, Torben, and Andreas Henk. "Elastic and Frictional Properties of Fault Zones in Reservoir-Scale Hydro-Mechanical Models—A Sensitivity Study." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184606.

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The proper representation of faults in coupled hydro-mechanical reservoir models is challenged, among others, by the difference between the small-scale heterogeneity of fault zones observed in nature and the large size of the calculation cells in numerical simulations. In the present study we use a generic finite element (FE) model with a volumetric fault zone description to examine what effect the corresponding upscaled material parameters have on pore pressures, stresses, and deformation within and surrounding the fault zone. Such a sensitivity study is important as the usually poor data bas

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Sharp, R. V., K. E. Budding, J. Boatwright, et al. "Surface faulting along the Superstition Hills fault zone and nearby faults associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 79, no. 2 (1989): 252–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0790020252.

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Abstract The M 6.2 Elmore Desert Ranch earthquake of 24 November 1987 was associated spatially and probably temporally with left-lateral surface rupture on many northeast-trending faults in and near the Superstition Hills in western Imperial Valley. Three curving discontinuous principal zones of rupture among these breaks extended northeastward from near the Superstition Hills fault zone as far as 9 km; the maximum observed surface slip, 12.5 cm, was on the northern of the three, the Elmore Ranch fault, at a point near the epicenter. Twelve hours after the Elmore Ranch earthquake, the M 6.6 Su

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Frery, Emanuelle, Laurent Langhi, Julian Strand, and Jeffrey Shragge. "Seismic modelling of fault zones." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15105.

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While faults have long been known as primary pathways for fluid migration in sedimentary basins, recent work highlights the importance of fault zone internal architecture, lateral variation, transmissivity, and impact on migration and trapping. The impacts of fault zone architecture and properties on seismic images are investigated to facilitate accurately mapped fault zones, and to predict subseismic flow properties and sealing potential. A wedge-type fault model with a main fault and a synthetic fault displacing a typical North West Shelf siliciclastic succession is used to replicate the geo

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Tillner, Elena, Maria Langer, Thomas Kempka, and Michael Kühn. "Fault damage zone volume and initial salinity distribution determine intensity of shallow aquifer salinisation in subsurface storage." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 3 (2016): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1049-2016.

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Abstract. Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers causes a pore pressure increase in the storage formation, and thus displacement of resident brine. Via hydraulically conductive faults, brine may migrate upwards into shallower aquifers and lead to unwanted salinisation of potable groundwater resources. In the present study, we investigated different scenarios for a potential storage site in the Northeast German Basin using a three-dimensional (3-D) regional-scale model that includes four major fault zones. The focus was on assessing the impact of fault length and the effect of a secondar

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Snyder, David B., Brian J. Roberts, and Steven P. Gordey. "Contrasting seismic characteristics of three major faults in northwestern Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 6 (2005): 1223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-027.

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The Lithoprobe Slave Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) profiles crossed three major tectonic zones of the northwestern Canadian Shield and northern Canadian Cordillera that are diverse in age and in depth of penetration. The oldest (26302590 Ma), the Yellowknife River fault zone, formed as a strike-slip fault in a tensional strain regime. Reflector attenuation or truncations align vertically beneath the fault trace through much of the crust, implying a near-vertical fault plane. The youngest (6010 Ma), the Tintina fault zone, produced cumulative dextral strike-slip displ

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