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1
Dash, Swetapadma. "Marine Faunal Diversity." Current Science 115, no. 2 (2018): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v115/i2/199-200.
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Ray, Monojit, and Sandip Pal. "An overview of floral and faunal diversity in and around Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College Campuses, West Bengal, India." European Journal of Biological Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 11–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695917.
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The present survey based study involves the qualitative diversity of flora and fauna. The diversity assessment was carried out at two campuses of Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College. This extensive study reveals the presence of 256 floral species and 165 faunal species in and around college campuses. The huge faunal diversity is mainly due to high level of floral diversity, which establishes the area as resource-rich habitat with promising reservoir of species. This is the very first effort in exploring the natural wealth of Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College campuses.
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Schweitzer, Carrie E. "Paleobiogeography of Cretaceous and Tertiary decapod crustaceans of the North Pacific Ocean." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 4 (2001): 808–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000016930.
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Comprehensive analysis of the Cretaceous and Tertiary decapod crustaceans of the North Pacific Rim, focused primarily on the Brachyura, has resulted in additions to our understanding of the evolution and distribution of these animals, both in that region and globally. Hypotheses about changes in climatological and paleoceanographic conditions have not been extensively tested using decapod crustaceans, although they have been well-documented globally and for the North Pacific Ocean by sedimentological and other faunal evidence. Evidence from the occurrences of decapod crustaceans supports hypotheses obtained through these other means. Because the decapod fauna was studied independent of other faunas, it provides a means by which to compare and test patterns derived from molluscan and other faunal data. The brachyuran decapods show distinctive paleobiogeographic patterns during the Cretaceous and Tertiary, and these patterns are consistent with those documented globally in the molluscan faunas and paleoceanographic modeling. Additionally, the changes in the decapod fauna reflect patterns unique to the North Pacific Ocean. The decapod fauna is primarily comprised of a North Pacific component, a North Polar component, a component of Tethyan derivation, an amphitropical component, and a component derived from the high Southern latitudes. The Cretaceous and Tertiary decapod faunas of the North Pacific Ocean were initially dominated by taxa of North Pacific origin. Decapod diversity was highest in the Pacific Northwest of North America during the Eocene, and diversity has declined steadily since that time. Diversity in Japan was relatively low among the Decapoda until the Miocene, when diversity increased markedly due to the tropical influence of the Tethys and Indo-Pacific region. Diversity has remained high in Japan into the present time. The Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene were times of evolutionary bursts within the Brachyura and were separated by periods of evolutionary stasis.
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Aiswaryalakshmi A.R., Abhin M. Sunil, Bharath M. R., and Firosh Raja. "A Biodiversity Assessment Report of Poredam Temple Sacred Grove, Chadayamangalam, Kollam, India." ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION 29, suppl (2023): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i06s.035.
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Sacred groves are areas of vegetation that have been conserved because of a religious or cultural custom. Spiritual convictions safeguard them. The biodiversity of the area where sacred groves are located benefits greatly from their exceptional habitat. Very few studies have been of the fauna from India’s holy woods. The study is based on the documentation of faunal diversity in Poredam Temple Sacred Grove, Chadayamangalam, Kollam. 127 faunal species were recorded in the study area. The faunal diversity consisted of 4 Mammals, 52 Aves, 8 Amphibians,10 Reptiles and 27 Odonates and 29 Butterflies.
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Elmuratova, Z. U., O. M. Mamarakhimov, M. M. Makhmudova, M. J. Kamalova, and N. Kh Karshibayeva. "The fauna of collembola in soil layers of natural ecosystems of Kashkadarya region (Republic of Uzbekistan)." BIO Web of Conferences 118 (2024): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411802007.
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The paper presents data concerning the species composition, biological traits, and faunal indicators of Collembola discovered in the soil fauna of Shahrisabz and Yakkabogh districts within the Kashkadarya region (Republic of Uzbekistan). The study involved the analysis of soil layers at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm in both districts. The results were used to determine the species composition of the fauna, calculate faunal diversity indices, and elucidate the factors driving changes in diversity. Xenylla maritima, Agrenia bidenticulata, and Heteromurus nitidus were identified as dominant species
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Zheng, Xiaoxue, Yan Tao, Zhongqiang Wang, Chen Ma, Hong He, and Xiuqin Yin. "Soil macro-fauna respond to environmental variations along a coastal-inland gradient." PeerJ 8 (July 14, 2020): e9532. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9532.
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Varied environmental conditions in coastal-inland zones tend to influence soil faunal communities. However, few studies have focused on the responses of soil fauna to environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient. In order to better understand the aforementioned responses, a total of 80 soil macro-faunal samples were collected at the five different distances from the coastline of China’s Bohai Bay. The results revealed that the compositions, structural characteristics and diversity of the soil macro-fauna varied among the different habitats. With the increases in the distance from the sea, the individual density, richness and diversity levels of the soil macro-fauna all first increased and then decreased. The individual density, richness and diversity values were all at their maximum at 30 km from the sea. The Edge effect promoted unique and rare soil macro-faunal taxa. Formicidae, Curculionidae and Aphodiidae were found to be the edge taxa. Agelenidae, Liocranidae and Nematocera were considered to be indicator taxa of severe sea effects. Paradoxosomatidae was an indicator taxon of slight effects. Overall, the environmental variations along the coastal-inland gradient were found to have the potential to affect the soil macro-faunal communities, and the different taxa of the soil macro-fauna responded to those variations in different ways. This study further revealed the processes and mechanisms of the sea influencing the soil macro-faunal communities, which had been caused by the coastal-inland gradient. The results of this study also provided a theoretical basis for developing future biodiversity guidelines for coastal ecosystems.
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Mitropolskaya, Yuliya, and Roman Kashkarov. "Complex of indicators as basis for assessment of significance of different territories ofuzbekistan for conservation of faunistic diversity of mammals." E3S Web of Conferences 555 (2024): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455504004.
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The article proposes a set of 8 indicators allowing to compare faunal diversity, the degree of its conservation, economic importance and endemism. Through the system of indicators it is possible to assess the importance of different regions of the country for fauna conservation, to develop measures for its protection and sustainable use. The assessment of the importance of different territories of Uzbekistan for the conservation of faunal diversity of mammals is demonstrated on the example of two administrative regions of the country. It is recommended to analyse the current state of the fauna and trends in its changes using a set of indicators on a regular basis and in parallel with fauna monitoring.
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Sanguila, Marites B., Kerry A. Cobb, Cameron D. Siler, Arvin C. Diesmos, Angel C. Alcala, and Rafe M. Brown. "The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands." ZooKeys 624 (October 17, 2016): 1–132. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.624.9814.
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We summarize all available amphibian and reptile species distribution data from the northeast Mindanao faunal region, including small islands associated with this subcenter of endemic vertebrate biodiversity. Together with all publicly available historical information from biodiversity repositories, we present new data from several major herpetological surveys, including recently conducted inventories on four major mountains of northeast Mindanao, and adjacent islands of Camiguin Sur, Dinagat, and Siargao. We present species accounts for all taxa, comment on unresolved taxonomic problems, and provide revisions to outdated IUCN conservation status assessments in cases where our new data significantly alter earlier classification status summaries. Together, our comprehensive analysis of this fauna suggests that the greater Mindanao faunal region possesses distinct subcenters of amphibian and reptile species diversity, and that until this area is revisited and its fauna and actually studied, with on-the-ground field work including targeted surveys of species distributions coupled to the study their natural history, our understanding of the diversity and conservation status of southern Philippine herpetological fauna will remain incomplete. Nevertheless, the northeast Mindanao geographical area (Caraga Region) appears to have the highest herpetological species diversity (at least 126 species) of any comparably-sized Philippine faunal subregion.
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Villafaña, Jaime A., Giuseppe Marramà, Stefanie Klug, et al. "Sharks, rays and skates (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Marine Molasse (middle Burdigalian, early Miocene) of the Simssee area (Bavaria, Germany), with comments on palaeogeographic and ecological patterns." PalZ 94, no. 4 (2020): 725–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-020-00518-7.
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Abstract Elasmobranch remains are quite common in Miocene deposits and were the subject of numerous studies since the middle of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, the taxonomic diversity of the Marine Molasse sharks, rays and skates is still largely unknown. Here, we describe 37 taxa from the lower Miocene of the Molasse Basin: 21 taxa could be identified at species level, whereas 15 taxa could only be assigned to genus and one taxon is left as order incertae sedis. The material was collected from deposits of the Auwiesholz Member of the Achen Formation (middle Burdigalian, middle Ottnangian age, ca. 17.8 Ma) exposed near Simssee, Upper Bavaria. This faunal assemblage is a mixture of shallow marine, near-coastal, pelagic and deep-water taxa. The fauna from Simssee displays different biogeographic dynamics at local and regional scales, possibly related to the intense climatic, oceanographic and tectonic events that occurred during the Eggenburgian–Ottnangian stages. The faunal relationships of the early Miocene chondrichthyan faunas from the Mediterranean Sea and Paratethys with others regions are established on the basis of qualitative (presence/absence) data. The beta diversity (Sørensen–Dice coefficient) of the Miocene Molasse elasmobranchs was used to characterize the taxonomic differentiation between localities and regions. According to our results, the fauna from Simssee shows close similarities with those from Switzerland, Austria, France and northern Germany. Faunal similarities and differences are mainly related to tectonic events and oceanographic variables (i.e. migration through seaway passages) or might represent collecting biases.
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Sasekumar, A., and V. C. Chong. "Faunal Diversity in Malaysian Mangroves." Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 7, no. 1 (1998): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997697.
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Domingo, M. Soledad, Catherine Badgley, Beatriz Azanza, Daniel DeMiguel, and M. Teresa Alberdi. "Diversification of mammals from the Miocene of Spain." Paleobiology 40, no. 2 (2014): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13043.
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The mammalian fossil record of Spain is long and taxonomically well resolved, offering the most complete record of faunal change for the Neogene of Europe. We evaluated changes in diversification, composition, trophic structure, and size structure of large mammals over the middle and late Miocene with methods applied to this record for the first time, including ordination of fossil localities to improve temporal resolution and estimation of confidence intervals on taxa temporal ranges. By contrast, analysis within the traditional Mammal Neogene (MN) biochronology obscures important aspects of diversification. We used inferred temporal ranges of species and evaluated per capita rates of origination, extinction, diversification, and turnover over 0.5-Myr time intervals.Three periods of significant faunal change occurred between 12.0 and 5.5 Ma: (1) From 12.0 to 10.5 Ma, elevated origination rates led to an increase in diversity without significant change in ecological structure. Immigrants and geographic-range shifts of species to lower latitudes during an interval of global cooling contributed to these faunal changes. (2) From 9.5 to 7.5 Ma, high extinction rates followed by high origination rates coincided with significant changes in taxonomic composition and ecological structure. These changes represent the Vallesian Crisis, with replacement of a fauna of forest affinities (with frugivores and browsers) by a fauna of open woodlands (with grazers and mixed feeders). (3) From 6.5 to 5.5 Ma, high extinction rates reduced diversity without substantial changes in ecological structure, and large mammal faunas became highly endemic across the northern Mediterranean region. This interval includes the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the desiccation of the Mediterranean basin. Extinction may have been caused by geographic isolation and aridification, with evolution of endemic lineages giving rise to new species in the early Pliocene. These distinct macroevolutionary patterns of faunal change correspond to different geographic scales of inferred climatic and tectonic drivers.
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Novikov, Aleksandr, Ekaterina Abramova, Anna Novichkova, and Elena Chertoprud. "Unveiling copepod diversity and faunal patterns in Middle Siberia: insights from Tiksi settlement vicinity." Acta Biologica Sibirica 9 (September 27, 2023): 683–708. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8373633.
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The study addresses an uneven and incomplete understanding of copepod fauna in Middle Siberia, particularly in its northeastern region. While the microcrustacean composition in the Lena River Delta is well documented, the Tiksi settlement vicinity, nearby the Lena Delta, remains unexplored. This research focuses on characterizing copepod crustaceans in Tiksi's waters. The collected data enriches the microcrustacean distribution database in Arctic and Subarctic regions worldwide and facilitates an analysis of copepod faunal variation in northeastern Eurasia. A total of 64 copepod species were discovered near Tiksi, with 19 being newly identified for the region. Brackish water reservoirs and lakes demonstrated the greatest diversity within the fauna. The structure of copepod species complexes was consistent among water bodies of the same hydrological type. In brackish lagoons, bays, and lakes, species complexes exhibited intricate, multilevel functional and trophic structures. In contrast, rivers and streams displayed simplified complex structures. Around 20% of the examined fauna displayed East Asian-North American ranges, suggesting a connection to the ancient land of Beringia. Similarity among local Copepoda orders' faunas is linked to crustaceans' dispersal ability, with increasing similarity from Harpacticoida to Calanoida and Cyclopoida. Two distinct groups of regions with comparable faunas are recognized in northeastern Eurasia: European-Siberian, divided into European and Siberian branches, and Far Eastern. The potential existence of transitional zones between these groups is also discussed.
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Sepkoski, J. John. "A model of onshore-offshore change in faunal diversity." Paleobiology 17, no. 1 (1991): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300010356.
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Onshore-offshore patterns of faunal change occurred at many taxonomic scales during the Paleozoic Era, ranging from replacement of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna by the Paleozoic fauna to the environmental expansion of many orders and classes. A simple mathematical model is constructed to investigate such change. The environmental gradient across the marine shelf-slope is treated as a linear array of discrete habitats, each of which holds a set number of species, as observed in the fossil record. During any interval of time, some portion of the species in each habitat becomes extinct by background processes, with rates of extinction varying among both clades and habitats, as also observed in the record. After extinction, species are replaced from within the habitat and from immediately adjacent habitats, with proportions dependent on surviving species. This model leads to the prediction that extinction-resistant clades will always diversify at the expense of extinction-prone clades. But if extinction intensity is highest in nearshore habitats, extinction-resistant clades will expand preferentially in the onshore direction, build up diversity there, and then diversify outward toward the offshore. Thus, onshore-offshore patterns of diversification may be the expectation for faunal change quite independently of whether or not clades originate onshore. When the model is parameterized for Paleozoic trilobites and brachiopods, numerical solutions exhibit both a pattern of faunal change and a time span for diversification similar to that seen in the fossil record. They also generate structure similar to that seen in global diversification, including logistic patterns of growth, declining origination but constant extinction within clades through time, and declining overall extinction across clades through time.
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Lundin, Robert F., Lee E. Petersen, and David J. Siveter. "Nonpalaeocope ostracod biostratigraphy of the type Wenlock Series, Silurian, of the Welsh Borderland." Journal of Micropalaeontology 9, no. 2 (1991): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.9.2.173.
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Abstract. Analysis of distribution, diversity and abundance of nonpalaeocope ostracods from the type Wenlock Series demonstrates that a major faunal change occurs around the Sheinwoodian-Homerian Stage boundary and that significant increases in faunal diversity occur at that boundary and in the late Whitwell Chronozone. Low abundance and low diversity in the late Sheinwoodian is interpreted to represent maximum water depth for the type Wenlock Series whereas the high diversity fauna of the late Homerian represents shallowest water conditions for this sequence. Many late Homerian species range into the Lower Elton Formation (early Ludlow) which suggests gradual ecostratigraphic change across the Wenlock-Ludlow boundary. Ancestor-descendant relationships for several lineages in the type Wenlock Series define lineage zones which essentially coincide with assemblage zones based on nonpalaeocope ostracods.
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Turvey, Samuel T., Jennifer J. Crees, James Hansford, et al. "Quaternary vertebrate faunas from Sumba, Indonesia: implications for Wallacean biogeography and evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (2017): 20171278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1278.
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Historical patterns of diversity, biogeography and faunal turnover remain poorly understood for Wallacea, the biologically and geologically complex island region between the Asian and Australian continental shelves. A distinctive Quaternary vertebrate fauna containing the small-bodied hominin Homo floresiensis , pygmy Stegodon proboscideans, varanids and giant murids has been described from Flores, but Quaternary faunas are poorly known from most other Lesser Sunda Islands. We report the discovery of extensive new fossil vertebrate collections from Pleistocene and Holocene deposits on Sumba, a large Wallacean island situated less than 50 km south of Flores. A fossil assemblage recovered from a Pleistocene deposit at Lewapaku in the interior highlands of Sumba, which may be close to 1 million years old, contains a series of skeletal elements of a very small Stegodon referable to S. sumbaensis , a tooth attributable to Varanus komodoensis , and fragmentary remains of unidentified giant murids. Holocene cave deposits at Mahaniwa dated to approximately 2000–3500 BP yielded extensive material of two new genera of endemic large-bodied murids, as well as fossils of an extinct frugivorous varanid. This new baseline for reconstructing Wallacean faunal histories reveals that Sumba's Quaternary vertebrate fauna, although phylogenetically distinctive, was comparable in diversity and composition to the Quaternary fauna of Flores, suggesting that similar assemblages may have characterized Quaternary terrestrial ecosystems on many or all of the larger Lesser Sunda Islands.
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Mancosu, Andrea, and James H. Nebelsick. "Paleoecology of sublittoral Miocene echinoids from Sardinia: A case study for substrate controls of faunal distributions." Journal of Paleontology 93, no. 04 (2019): 764–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.4.
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AbstractA rich echinoid fauna within the middle Miocene carbonate sedimentary succession cropping out along the coast between Santa Caterina di Pittinuri and S'Archittu (central-western Sardinia) allows the comparison of faunal gradients and preservation potentials from both hard and soft substrata. Three echinoid assemblages are recognized. Faunal composition, as well as taphonomic and sedimentological features and functional morphological interpretation of the echinoid test indicate an outer sublittoral setting. Assemblage 1 represents a highly structured environment within the photic zone, with mobile substrata occupied by infaunal irregular echinoids, mainly spatangoids, and localized hard substrata, provided by rhodolith beds, with epibenthic regular echinoids represented by the co-occurrence of the diadematidDiademaGray, 1825 and the toxopneustidsTripneustesL. Agassiz, 1841 andSchizechinusPomel, 1869. Assemblage 2 shows a higher diversity of irregular echinoids, dominated by the clypeasteroidsEchinocyamusvan Phelsum, 1774 andClypeasterLamarck, 1801 and different spatangoids, with the minute trigonocidaridGenocidarisA. Agassiz, 1869 among regular echinoids. This assemblage points to a soft-bottom environment with moderate water-energy conditions, periodically affected by storms. A low-diversity echinoid fauna in Assemblage 3, dominated by the spatangoidsBrissopsisL. Agassiz, 1840 andOvaGray, 1825, documents a deeper, soft-bottom environment, possibly below storm-wave base. These results indicate that the diversity of echinoid faunas originating in sublittoral environments is related to: (1) the presence of both soft and hard substrata, (2) differential preservation potentials of the various echinoid taxa, (3) intense bioturbation, and (4) sediment deposition by sporadic storm events.
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Mellgren, Johanna I. S., and Mats E. Eriksson. "Untangling a Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) palaeoecological event in Baltoscandia: conodont faunal changes across the ‘Täljsten’ interval." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 100, no. 04 (2009): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691009009074.
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ABSTRACTConodont faunal dynamics and high-resolution biostratigraphy in the lithologically and faunally anomalous ‘Täljsten’ succession, which spans the DarriwilianLenodus variabilis–Yangtzeplacognathus crassusZone boundary, were investigated in a 2·5 m-thick section on Mt Kinnekulle that includes an interval yielding fossil meteorites and extraterrestrial chromite. The previous interpretation that this interval reflects a regression is consistent with the occurrence and abundance patterns of some conodont taxa. The disappearance of e.g.,Periodon, suggests that the regression began prior to the deposition of the grey ‘Täljsten’. The transition from red to grey limestone coincides with a conspicuous faunal re-arrangement. The lower half of the ‘Täljsten’ reflects a gradual shallowing favourable for some taxa, such asLenodus, and the immigration ofMicrozarkodinacf.ozarkodellaandHistiodella holodentata. In the middle of the ‘Täljsten’ interval, coinciding with the appearance of abundant cystoids, conditions became less hospitable for conodonts, resulting in a low diversity and low abundance fauna, which occurs to the top of the interval. The overlying red limestone, apparently deposited during a deepening event, marks a return to pre-‘Täljsten’ conditions with a re-organised fauna. The close correlation between the lithologic shifts and conodont faunal changes demonstrates the usefulness of conodonts as environmental indicators.
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Armonies, W., and K. Reise. "Faunal diversity across a sandy shore." Marine Ecology Progress Series 196 (2000): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps196049.
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Purohit, Dr MK, and Dr Arun Joshi. "Faunal diversity of Dehradun Zoo, Uttarakhand." International Journal of Biology Sciences 5, no. 1 (2023): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26649926.2023.v5.i1b.151.
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Gokul, A., and Jaya Kishor Seth. "Preliminary studies on the faunal diversity." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117, no. 2 (2017): 122–30. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i2/2017/118010.
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Gokul, A., Seth, Jaya Kishor (2017): Preliminary studies on the faunal diversity. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117 (2): 122-130, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v117/i2/2017/118010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i2/2017/118010
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Sanchez, Teresa M., Beatriz G. Waisfeld, and Blanca A. Toro. "Silurian and Devonian molluscan bivalves from precordillera region, western Argentina." Journal of Paleontology 69, no. 5 (1995): 869–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600003554x.
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Silurian and Devonian bivalves recovered from the Los Espejos (Silurian to Lower Devonian) and Talacasto (Devonian) Formations of the Northern Precordillera Mountain belt are described and illustrated. The fauna comprises some new nuculoids Deceptrix (Devonodeceptrix) jachalensis n. subgen. and n. sp., Nuculites argentinum n. sp., and Anthracoleda (Pseudoleda) minuta n. subgen. and n. sp., as well as the new pterioid Actinopteria modesta n. sp. Additionally, many poorly known South American bivalves are redescribed and figured. Silurian–Devonian pelecypod faunas from some South American localities show differences both in diversity and in faunal composition. Causes for these differences are briefly discussed. Controls other than latitude are suggested in order to explain biogeographical affinities of the studied fauna.
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McKenzie, N. L., A. N. Start, and R. D. Bullen. "Foraging ecology and organisation of a desert bat fauna." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 5 (2002): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01029.
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Airframe design parameters related to flight performance, stability and control had tight, functionally appropriate relationships with the foraging niches and echolocation parameters of nine species comprising the bat fauna of the Little Sandy Desert, Australia. The airframe parameters segregated into two near-independent groups, one related to microhabitat use, the other to foraging strategy. The structure of the desert's bat fauna is displayed in these terms, and its organisation is compared with the faunas of surrounding regions. A diversity–productivity model of faunal structure is revealed, with an organisation that conforms with the 'specialisation' hypothesis. Clear family-level relationships between phylogeny and foraging ecology imply that ecological specialisations occurred early in the evolution of bats.
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Westrop, Stephen R., and Jonathan M. Adrain. "Trilobite alpha diversity and the reorganization of Ordovician benthic marine communities." Paleobiology 24, no. 1 (1998): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001993x.
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The Ordovician saw the transformation of marine benthic communities from the trilobite-based Cambrian Fauna to the brachiopod-dominated Paleozoic Fauna. An evaluation of the changing importance of trilobites during the Ordovician can be made from accurate assessments of taxonomic richness in various habitats. Here we present a new compilation of trilobite alpha diversity based on field collections and survey of the literature. The data indicate that trilobite species richness within nearshore, shallow subtidal, carbonate buildup and deep subtidal shelf environments was essentially constant between the Late Cambrian and the Late Ordovician. The alpha diversity patterns do not support the notion that trilobites became displaced from inner shelf environments during the Ordovician. Rather, the data are consistent with a decline in relative importance of the group through dilution as newly radiating invertebrate groups entered Ordovician paleocommunities. They also imply that direct interactions between elements of the Cambrian and Paleozoic faunas were not involved in the Ordovician reorganization of paleocommunities. Like many other major faunal transitions during the Phanerozoic, the Ordovician radiations appear to have been essentially non-competitive in nature.
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Rajender Pal, Harinder Singh Banyal, and Shivali Sharma. "First Record of Fish Diversity in Rissa Stream, a Tributary of the Beas River in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 31, Suppl (2025): S359—S367. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2025.v31i02s.063.
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The present research work was done during 2023-24 to assess the fresh water fish diversity of an unexplored fresh water stream Rissa, tributary of Son stream, which is a part of Beas riverine system in Sarkaghat tehsil of Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Present research paper gives an account of fish faunal diversity in relation to selected physicochemical parameters (Water Temperature, pH, TDS, Total Alkalinity, and Total Hardness). Altogether, 10 species of fish fauna representing 4 orders and 5 families were recorded, which is the first record from the stream. Cypriniformes order was recorded to be the most dominant order, followed by order Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes and Beloniformes. Threat status analysis as per current IUCN Red List criteria showed that, out of 10 species, one belonged to Endangered (EN), two species belonged to Vulnerable (VU), one belonged to Not Evaluated (NE), one belonged to Data Deficient (DD) and remaining five belong to Least Concern (LC) category. The different diversity indices have been used to assess the fishfaunal diversity. An analysis of threats to fish faunal diversity has also been presented.
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Patnaik, Srianga Tilak, Debasrita Mohanty, Prafulla Kumar Mohanty, and Bhikari Charan Guru. "A Study about Human Interference on the Two Caves of Udayagiri of Odisha State, India in the Viral Pandemic Year (2020), in Comparison with a Normal Year (2021)." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 8 (2024): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i84007.
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The subterranean karst system with its unexplored fauna and flora is an area of curiosity for researchers. The present study on the faunal diversity of the twin caves of Udayagiri, located in the capital of Odisha, is one of such less explored terrains. The seasonal variation of the vertebrates (including bats, geckos, frogs) and invertebrates (including ants and cave beetles) is compared with temporal changes in the two caves of Udayagiri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India in the COVID 19 pandemic year of 2020 with the normal year of 2021. These caves are a tourist destination; the faunal distribution is disturbed by human activities. The comparative diversity of animals in such caves is of high implication to understand the bio-geological phenomena and its reflex to anthropogenic activities.
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Scott, Craig S. "Late Torrejonian (middle Paleocene) mammals from south central Alberta, Canada." Journal of Paleontology 77, no. 4 (2003): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000044474.
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The Paskapoo Formation in central and south central Alberta, Canada, preserves continental sediments of Paleocene age. Outcrops of the formation on Nose Creek in northeast Calgary, at a locality called Who Nose?, have yielded fossil mammals from the middle part of the epoch. To date, some 400 dental specimens representing eight mammalian orders have been recovered, among them numerous well-preserved jaws. Newly named taxa include new species of Parectypodus and Baiotomeus (Multituberculata); new species of Parectypodus, Litomylus (Condylarthra), and Cyriacotherium (Pantodonta) are left unnamed. Biostratigraphic correlation indicates a late Torrejonian age for the local fauna based on the presence of the plesiadapid primate Pronothodectes matthewi. Faunal comparisons suggest a close similarity to the penecontemporaneous Gidley Quarry fauna, Montana, with a taxonomic diversity consistent with other co-eval faunas in the Western Interior of the United States. The specimens from Who Nose? constitute the largest collection of Torrejonian mammals from Canada, offering a unique perspective on mammalian diversity from an otherwise poorly represented interval in western Canada.
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Sayyed, Amit. "Faunal diversity of Satara District, Maharashtra, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 13 (2016): 9537. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3162.8.13.9537-9561.
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Satara District of Maharashtra State is a part of northern Western Ghats and Deccan Plateau biogeographic zones. The data on various faunal groups was collected from the extensive study carried out during the period between 2007 and 2010, covering different parts of the district. The present study reports faunal diversity of the district with 677 species under 150 families belonging to 11 different groups. Overall, the district has substantial faunal diversity. Out of the total species, 94 are recorded as endemic species, 35 species are listed as threatened under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and 38 species are listed in the different schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 (as amended up to 2013). The information on geographical distribution pattern of mammalian species in the district is also provided.
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Maas, M. C., P. D. Gingerich, G. Gunnell, and D. W. Krause. "Patterns of faunal turnover and diversity in the Wyoming-Montana Paleogene in relation to regional and global events." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007516.
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The Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and its northerly extension, the Crazy Mountains Basin of Montana, contain a continuous record of the middle Paleocene through early Eocene mammalian biota. This interval, spanning some eight million years, is subdivided into 18 faunal zones. Durations of the zones, ranging from 0.3 to 0.75 million years, are extrapolated from intrabasinal depositional rates and correlated with the early Tertiary paleomagnetic reversal record. This stratigraphic resolution allows us to document in detail regional diversity and turnover.In the Bighorn and Crazy Mountains basins, standing generic richness (estimated number of genera at the midpoint of an interval) decreased slightly between the Torrejonian and Tiffanian (middle and late Paleocene), increased from the latest Tiffanian and Clarkforkian (latest Paleocene) to the early Wasatchian (early Eocene), and declined during the later Wasatchian.Changes in diversity reflect first and last appearances (including originations, extinctions, and dispersal). Because first and last appearance rates are in part dependent on diversity and the duration of each interval, we plot generic turnover as rate quotients, ratios of observed to expected first or last appearances. Expected turnover rates are calculated from multiple regression of turnover on duration and generic richness. Turnover rates are evaluated in relation to the quality of the fossil record for each interval. Rate quotients show that the slight decline in generic richness in the Bighorn and Crazy Mountains basins between the Torrejonian and Tiffanian resulted from a higher than expected disappearance rate at the end of the Torrejonian. Lower than expected disappearance rates and higher than expected appearance rates in the early Clarkforkian and, particularly, the earliest Wasatchian contributed to the increase in richness during this period. The middle through late Wasatchian decline in generic richness resulted from surprisingly low appearance and high disappearance rates.There was little change in taxonomic composition of faunas between the middle and late Paleocene; faunas from this interval were dominated by archaic groups (e.g., “condylarths”, multituberculates, plesiadapiforms). In contrast, faunal composition changed markedly during the latest Paleocene and the early Wasatchian, with the introduction of major modern groups (e.g., rodents, artiodactyls, perissodactyls, primates) and the decline in diversity of the archaic forms that dominated earlier Paleocene faunas. There is strong evidence that this faunal change was influenced by global climatic factors: climatic warming, beginning in the latest Paleocene, opened new routes for intercontinental dispersal, and had a major effect on worldwide patterns of faunal composition and diversity, including those of the Bighorn and Crazy Mountains basins.
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Stewart, Sarah E. "Distribution and palaeoecology of Ordovician bivalves and gastropods from Girvan, SW Scotland." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102, no. 3 (2012): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101201002x.
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ABSTRACTMolluscs from the Middle and Upper Ordovician succession of Girvan, SW Scotland are common and diverse in some localities. The mollusc fauna consists mainly of gastropods, bivalves and various univalved molluscs (mimospirids and tergomyans), along with scarcer polyplacophorans, rostroconchs and cephalopods. The present study gives an overview of the distribution and palaeoecology of bivalves, gastropods and univalved molluscs and compares them with mollusc faunas worldwide. Gastropods, mimospirids and tergomyans are present from the Darriwilian (mid Llanvirn) onwards in both siliciclastic and carbonate facies, and increase in diversity through the Sandbian (Caradoc) and into the Katian (Ashgill). Bivalves first appeared in Girvan in the late Darriwilian (early Caradoc) in deep water siliciclastic facies; where they continued to be more abundant and diverse than in equivalent carbonate facies. Molluscs are initially Laurentian in aspect, though peri-Gondwanan faunal elements occur, particularly during the Sandbian. The pattern of bivalve and gastropod diversity found in the Ordovician of Girvan generally follows that of the known global diversity for these groups.
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AHMED, ZUBAIR, and ALLEN F. SANBORN. "The cicada fauna of Pakistan including the description of four new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)." Zootaxa 2516, no. 1 (2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2516.1.2.
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The first faunal analysis of the cicadas of Pakistan is provided. Field work and museum study has added significantly to the known cicada fauna of Pakistan. Literature records provide evidence for 18 species inhabiting what is currently Pakistan. The first records of Platypleura basialba (Walker), Platypleura mackinnoni Distant, Cicadatra persica Kirkaldy, Cicadatra xantes (Walker), Meimuna velitaris (Distant), Haphsa nicomache (Walker), and Paharia putoni (Distant) are provided. Psalmocharias balochii sp. n., Psalmocharias chitralensis sp. n., Psalmocharias gizarensis sp. n. and Psalmocharias japokensis sp. n. are described as new. These are the first records of members of the genera Meimuna Distant and Haphsa Distant in Pakistan. The new records and new species represent a 61% increase in faunal diversity. The cicada fauna of Pakistan now comprises of a total of 29 species from 13 genera, five tribes and three subfamilies. These data provide a more accurate understanding of cicada diversity at the junction of the Oriental and Palaearctic regions.
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Noori, Sajad, Reza Zahiri, Gholam Hosein Yusefi, et al. "Patterns of Zoological Diversity in Iran—A Review." Diversity 16, no. 10 (2024): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16100621.
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Iran is a country characterized by high biodiversity and complex biogeographic patterns. Its diverse landscape and steep climatic gradients have resulted in significant faunal diversity and high level of endemism. To better understand these patterns, we investigated the historical environmental drivers that have shaped Iran’s current geological and climatological conditions, and, consequently, have shaped the current zoological distribution patterns. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the country’s zoological diversity and zoogeography by reviewing published studies on its fauna. We analyzed nearly all available catalogs, updated checklists, and relevant publications, and synthesized them to present a comprehensive overview of Iran’s biodiversity. Our review reports approximately 37,500 animal species for Iran. We also demonstrated that the country serves as a biogeographic transition zone among three zoogeographical realms: the Palearctic, Oriental, and Saharo-Arabian, where distinct faunal elements intersect. This biogeographic complexity has made it challenging to delineate clear zoogeographical zones, leading to varying classifications depending on the taxon. The uplift of mountain ranges, in particular, has played a crucial role in shaping faunal diversity by serving as barriers, corridors, and glacial refugia. These mountains are largely the result of orogeny and plate collisions during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, coupled with the development of the Tethyan Sea and the uplift of several ranges during the Miocene. Despite these insights, our understanding of biodiversity distribution in Iran remains incomplete, even for some well-studied taxa, such as certain vertebrate families and arthropods. We highlight the existing gaps in knowledge regarding zoogeographical patterns and propose approaches to address these gaps, particularly concerning less-studied species and the highly diverse group of insects.
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Renaudie, Johan, and David B. Lazarus. "On the accuracy of paleodiversity reconstructions: a case study in Antarctic Neogene radiolarians." Paleobiology 39, no. 3 (2013): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12016.
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The deep-sea Cenozoic planktonic microfossil record has the unique characteristics of continuously well-preserved populations of most species, with virtually unlimited sample size, and therefore constitutes, in principle, a major resource for macroevolutionary research. Antarctic Neogene radiolarians in particular, are diverse, abundant and consistently well-preserved and evolved rapidly. This fauna is, in theory, a near-perfect testing ground for paleodiversity reconstructions. In this study we determined the diversity history of these faunas from a new quantitative, taxonomically complete data set from Neogene and Quaternary sections at several Antarctic sites. The pattern retrieved by our whole-fauna data set shows a significant, largely extinctionless ecological change in faunal composition and decrease in the evenness of species' abundances during the late Miocene, followed 3 Myr later, at around 5 Ma, by a significant drop in diversity. We tentatively associate this ecological event with a synchronous, regional change in the composition of the primary producers, but as yet cannot identify any environmental changes associated with the later extinction. Further, our whole-fauna diversity history was compared to diversity computed from much less complete, biostratigraphically oriented studies of species' occurrences, compiled in the Neptune database and reconstructed by using subsampling methodologies. Comparison of our whole-fauna and subsampling-reconstructed diversity patterns shows that the first-order trends are the same in both, suggesting that, to some degree, such literature compilations can be used to explore diversity history of plankton. However, our results also highlight substantial errors and distortions in the reconstructed diversity which make it poorly suited to more-detailed studies (e.g., for comparison of diversity history with paleoenvironmental history). We conclude that detailed studies of plankton diversity, and particularly those attempting to understand the relation between diversity and paleoceanographic change, should be based on taxonomically comprehensive, quantitative data.
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Majka, Christopher G., Yves Bousquet, Christine Noronha, and Mary E. Smith. "The distribution, zoogeography, and composition of Prince Edward Island Carabidae (Coleoptera)." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 1 (2008): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n07-024.
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AbstractFourteen species of Carabidae are added to Prince Edward Island’s (P.E.I.) faunal list, bringing the known fauna to 167 species. Bembidion nitidum (Kirby) and Bembidion obtusum Audinet-Serville are newly recorded for the Maritime Provinces. Six species are removed from P.E.I.’s faunal list. The history of collecting of Carabidae on P.E.I. is briefly recounted. Despite differences in land area and distance from the mainland between P.E.I., Cape Breton Island, and insular Newfoundland, their carabid faunas exhibit many similarities in size and composition. The native carabid fauna of P.E.I. comprises 49% of the species in the combined Maritime Provinces fauna, perhaps reflecting an island-related diminution of species diversity. The proportion of flightless species on P.E.I. (4.9%) is less than that in the Maritime Provinces as a whole (7.1%), an apparent indication that the Northumberland Strait has been a barrier to colonization. Twenty-seven introduced species are found on P.E.I., 26 of which can be classified as synanthropic and may have originated in dry-ballast quarries in southwestern England. Although the earliest dates of detection of many introduced species on P.E.I. are substantially later than elsewhere in the Maritimes, this reflects the paucity of early collecting. Land-management practices on P.E.I. (large-scale and early forest clearances, intensive agriculture, and the extensive use of biocides) may have had an impact on P.E.I.’s carabid fauna.
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Abensperg-traun, M., G. W. Arnold, D. E. Steven, et al. "Biodiversity indicators in semi-arid, agricultural Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 4 (1995): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960375.
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The predicted future loss of native Australian species of plants and animals, in part as a result of adverse land management strategies, has led to attempts to identify areas of high biotic richness (numbers of species). Bioindicators are measures of the physical environment, or of a subset of the plants or animals, that best predict biotic richness. Ideally, bioindicators should aim at predicting as large a component of the plant or animal fauna as is possible at minimum cost. For two contrasting vegetation types, we examined remnant area, vegetation structural diversity, species richness of plants, lizards and terrestrial arthropods, and the relative abundance of individual arthropod species, as indicators of faunal richness, using correlation, principal component regression and stepwise regression analyses. The study was carried out in gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodlands (29 sites) and shrublands (27 sites) in semi-arid, agricultural Western Australia. Sites varied considerably in grazing history (woodland) and in farming history (shrubland). Fauna sampled were lizards (woodland), scorpions (woodland), isopods (woodland), cockroaches (woodland), termites (woodland, shrubland), earwigs (woodland), hemipterans (shrubland), beetles (woodland, shrubland), butterflies (shrubland) and ants (woodland, shrubland). None of the indicator variables in any analyses effectively predicted total faunal richness for either vegetation type (<35% of variation in total richness explained). In correlation analyses for woodlands, vegetation structural diversity and plant richness, but no fauna variable, explained a high percentage of the variation in the richness of lizards (56% explained by richness of native plants, +ve), scorpions (48%, richness of native plants, +ve), termites (55%, vegetation structural diversity, +ve) and beetles (59%, litter, –ve). The richness of the shrubland fauna was poorly predicted by all indicator variables (<25% explained). When using the total richness and abundance of ant functional groups, the abundance of a subset of species within ant functional groups, and of termite and beetle species, in principal component regressions, various ant functional groups explained 42% each of the richness of scorpions and beetles, and eight beetle species explained 50% of termite richness. When remnant area, vegetation structural diversity and the richness of native plants in woodland were tested in step-wise regressions as indicators of total faunal richness, remnant area was the only significant indicator variable, explaining 33% of total richness. The richness of native plants and vegetation structural diversity explained a total of 76% of the pooled richness of lizards + scorpions + termites. No significant indicator variable was found by regression procedures for total richness, or for a subset, of the shrubland fauna. We argue that differences in the predictive qualities of vegetation structure and plant richness between the vegetation types was due, in part, to differences in the spatial heterogeneity of biotic richness, and possibly the scale at which structure was measured. The use of structural diversity or plant richness as predictors of faunal richness for different woodland types, or those with different disturbance histories, or in different geographic or climatic regions, should not be adopted without verification of their efficiency at predicting the richness of the local fauna.
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Sandoval, José, Luis O’Dogherty, Juan Antonio Vera, and Jean Guex. "Sea-level changes and ammonite faunal turnover during the Lias/Dogger transition in the western Tethys." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 1 (2002): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.1.57.
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Abstract The aim of this paper was to investigate the possible connections between ammonite faunal turnover and the eustatic events recorded in Tethyan sequences during the middle Toarcian/early Bajocian time interval. For this we have analysed the biostratigraphic ranges, at the subzone level, of approximately 600 ammonite species belonging to 160 genera from several selected sections of the western Tethys (Mediterranean and Submediterranean provinces). The analysis of taxon ranges enabled us to plot curves for ammonite faunal turnovers, inter-subzonal distance, and diversity. Comparing the mentioned curves with Tethyan sequences [Hardenbol et al., 1998], we find that sea-level changes correlate well with origination and extinction events and faunal diversity. Most of the faunal turnovers correlate with stratigraphic events. Extinction events with their corresponding decrease in diversity correlate with regressive intervals and with major or minor sequence boundaries. Origination events and their corresponding increase in diversity were clearly connected with transgressions in Tethyan sequences. In several cases, the major sequence boundary and the subsequent transgressive phase correlate with major ammonite faunal turnover, whereas minor or medium sequence boundaries generally gave rise to minor or medium turnovers.
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Rifai, Husen. "Benthic faunal assemblages in seagrass meadows in Albany, Western Australia." AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 7, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jasm.7.1.2019.24996.
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Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Kumpulan fauna bentik di hamparan lamun di Albany, Australia Barat In order to compare benthic fauna assemblages in four locations of seagrass beds in Albany (Princess Royal Harbour, Oyster Harbour, Two People Bay and Frenchman Bay), a research had beenconducted between 18 and 21 April 2017. There were two aims of this study. First, to investigate six sites within four locations with various degree of anthropogenic impact in order to understand the faunal richness and abundance in those locations. Second, to measure and record the environmental factors which are assumed to be important regulators of the observed patterns between the sites. The result showed that the highest faunal abundance (227 Faunal) was found at Frenchman Bay, a less anthropogenically impacted area, while the lowest abundance (26 Faunal) was at Oyster Harbour-Emu Point which was an anthropogenically affected site. However, in terms of faunal diversity, there was no significant difference among all sites. The environmental factor which had significant relationship with the difference in benthic faunal assemblages at each site was found to be coarse sand.Satu kegiatan penelitian pada tanggal 18 hingga 21 April 2017 telah dilakukan untuk membandingkan kumpulan fauna bentik di empat lokasi padang lamun di Albany (Pelabuhan Princess Royal, Pelabuhan Oyster, Teluk Two People, dan Teluk Frenchman). Penelitian inimempunyai dua tujuan, yaitu: 1) menyelidiki enam titik penelitian yang beradadalam empat lokasi dengan berbagai tingkat dampak antropogenik untuk memahami kekayaan dan kelimpahan fauna di lokasi tersebut; dan 2) mengukur dan mencatat faktor-faktor lingkungan yang dianggap berperan sebagai pengaturdari pola yang diamati pada semua lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,bahwa kelimpahan fauna tertinggi (227 fauna) ditemukan di Teluk Frenchmanyang merupakandaerah yang kurang terdampak gangguan antropogenik;sedangkan kelimpahan terendah (26 individu) ditemukandi Oyster Harbour-Emu Point yang merupakan lokasi yang terpengaruh secaraantropogenik. Namun, dalam hal keanekaragaman fauna, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan di antarasemua lokasi. Faktor lingkungan yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan perbedaan kumpulan fauna bentik di masing-masing lokasi ialah pasir kasar.
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Sharad Giramkar, Aishwarya Jamadar, Aryan Kumbhar, et al. "Checklist of Faunal Diversity of Kesnand-Wadebolhai, Pune, M/S, India." International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science 14, no. 3 (2025): 383–86. https://doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2025.140300041.
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Biodiversity is important in the preservation of ecological balance, and faunal diversity in any area is a reflection of its ecological health. Kesnand-Wadebolhai, being in Pune District, Maharashtra, supports varied habitats like cropland, grassland, and human habitation and hence is an ecologically important place. This research intends to record the faunal diversity of this area, emphasizing species richness and ecological importance. Field surveys involved direct observation, pitfall trap, and opportunistic sampling methods. Species were identified using standard taxonomic keys and literature at hand. There were 47 species from several taxonomic groups, such as Insecta, Arachnida, Chilopoda, Malacostraca, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia. The checklist gives clues to the diversity and distribution of the species that can be included in baseline ecological studies in the future. The findings indicate a rich collection of insects, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals with key species like Apis dorsata (Giant Honey Bee), Mesobuthus tamulus tamulus (Indian Red Scorpion), Naja naja (Cobra), and Corvus splendens (House Crow). The diversity of these species shows the presence of a well-balanced ecosystem, but growing urbanization is a likely threat to biodiversity. The research highlights the need for conservation measures to safeguard the faunal richness of Kesnand-Wadebolhai. Knowledge of species distribution and their ecological functions can help in formulating biodiversity conservation and sustainable land-use planning strategies. Additional studies and ongoing monitoring are suggested to evaluate long-term environmental alterations and their effects on the fauna of the region.
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Nakaya, Hideo. "Faunal turnover of the Miocene mammalian faunas of Sub-Saharan Africa and the middle Miocene paleoenvironmental change." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007784.
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In evolutionary paleontology of terrestrial biotas, the Miocene is the most important age especially for evolution of hominids and mammalian faunas. The modern mammalian fauna appeared from the end of this age in Eurasia. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the assemblage of the late Miocene mammalian faunas was very poor, and these faunas were represented by only few faunas. Therefore, this incompleteness of the late Miocene East African faunas, it is very difficult to analyze faunal turnover of Sub-Saharan mammalian faunas and compare with Eurasian and Sub-Saharan faunas of this age.The paleontological contribution of the Japan and Kenya joint expedition to the Samburu Hills, northern Kenya covered this gap of mammalian evolution in Sub-Saharan Africa.In this work, the Miocene mammalian faunas in Sub-Saharan Africa is examined the half-life (Kurtén 1959, 1972, 1988) of each faunal assemblages (sets).Assemblage of the mammalian faunas from early Miocene was comparatively stable and had long half life in Sub-Saharan Africa on the basis of the results of this work.However, mammalian assemblage changed drastically at the middle Miocene (Astaracian) in Sub-Saharan Africa.A great number of early to middle Miocene mammalian taxa were extinct and the modern mammalian taxa appeared in this period. The half life of middle and late Miocene mammalian faunas is shortened compared with the early Miocene faunas in the East Africa. This geological event of faunal turnover occurred by the immigration and divergence of open land taxa.It is evident that the rise of open land taxa is related to the environmental change for the plateau phonolite and basalt volcanism in the middle Miocene East Africa (Pickford 1981) and the worldwide warm and arid event (savannitisation) of continental temperate zone in the middle to late Miocene (Liu 1988). In the middle Miocene (16 Ma) Pacific region, it has been proposed that the tropical event is recognized from shallow marine faunas of the Southwestern Japan (Tsuchi 1986). African and Eurasian land connection was also established before the middle Miocene (16 Ma±) (Bernor et al. 1987).The Astaracian faunal turnover in Sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be caused by immigration and diversity of open country mammalian taxa and that was related to the worldwide middle Miocene warm event and the plateau volcanism in middle Miocene East Africa. Furthermore, the Pleistocene and modern taxa and their direct ancestors of Sub-Saharan Africa appeared from the late Miocene faunas of East Africa. It has been made clear that the Namurungule Fauna is the forerunner of the modern Sub-Saharan mammalian fauna of savanna environments.As mentioned before, the Hominid Fossil was found from the Namurungule Formation (late Miocene) of northern Kenya. The savannitisation in the Sub-Saharan Africa began in middle Miocene. The origin of hominid bipedalism seems to be closely related to the environmental change from forest to open land (Foley 1984). Human evolution in East Africa is accelerated by the savannitisation of Sub-Saharan Africa which commenced earlier than that of Eurasia and continued throughout the Neogene.
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Ward, Paul, R. M. DeGraaf, and R. I. Miller. "Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes." Journal of Animal Ecology 66, no. 6 (1997): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/6009.
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Subba, Bharat Raj, Nelson Pokharel, and Manish Raj Pandey. "Ichthyo-faunal diversity of Morang district, Nepal." Our Nature 15, no. 1-2 (2017): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v15i1-2.18794.
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The present paper attempts to report a total of 118 fish species spread over 11 orders, 26 families and 64 genera inhabited indifferent water bodies viz, rivers, reservoirs, streams, ponds, lakes, canals, ditches, paddy fields of Morang district, collected during a one-year survey. The order Cypriniformes is the richest one among 11 orders that comprises 59 species followed by Siluriformes having 31 and Perciformes with 19 representatives, respectively. Orders Anguilliformes, Osteoglossiformes, Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Synbranchiformes and Tetraodontiformes have only one representative. Olyra longicaudata is the new report from Morang district and the second report from Nepal. Besides this, other hill-stream fishes viz., Pseudecheneis sulcatus, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schistura savona and Neolissochilus hexagonolepis recorded during the survey, also have not been previously reported from this district.
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Peterken, George, R. M. DeGraaf, and R. I. Miller. "Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes." Journal of Ecology 85, no. 3 (1997): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960513.
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DALEY, GWEN M. "DIVERSITY AND FAUNAL COMPOSITION IN SHELL FRAGMENTS." PALAIOS 32, no. 10 (2017): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2016.101.
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Sharma, Dr Rashmi. "Faunal Diversity of Ajmer Aravalis Lepidoptera Moths." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 11, no. 05 (2016): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-1105010104.
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Morrison, Michael L., R. M. DeGraaf, and R. I. Miller. "Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes." Journal of Wildlife Management 62, no. 3 (1998): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802576.
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Banyal, Harinder Singh, and Shivali Sharma. "Exploration of Ichthyofaunal Diversity in Beas River Near Nadaun Region of Himachal Pradesh, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 21 (2023): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i213670.
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The present research paper deals with studies on fish-faunal diversity in relation to abiotic parameters in the Beas River near Nadaun region of Himachal Pradesh state in India. A total of 12 fish species belonging to 6 orders and 7 families were recorded during the present study. Cypriniformes was the dominant order represented by 7 species. According to IUCN, out of 12 species, 9 species were recorded under the Least Concern (LC) category whereas 1 species each was included in Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) and Not-Evaluated (NE) category respectively. Role of selected physicochemical parameters (Water temperature, PH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electric current) of river water in governing distributional pattern of fish-fauna was analyzed specifically by Redundancy Analysis (RDA) method. Threats and strategies to conserve fish faunal diversity are also suggested.
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Won, Mun-Zu, and William J. Iams. "Late Cambrian radiolarian faunas and biostratigraphy of the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 1 (2002): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017315.
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Well-preserved Late Cambrian radiolarian faunas were recovered from carbonate rocks of the Cow Head Group of the Great Northern Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Several different faunal assemblages were recognized from three strata at Green Point, one from a stratum at Martin Point, and three from strata at Broom Point South in Gros Morne National Park. The faunas contain nine genera, five of which are new, and 33 species, all but two of which are new. The five new genera are Curvechidnina, Grosmorneus, Pararcheoentactinia, Ramuspiculum, and Subechidnina. Most of the genera belong to the families Archeoentactinidae, Echidninidae, Palaeospiculumidae, and Protoentactiniidae; a few taxa have an uncertain taxonomic position. Echidnina, whose taxonomic identity was uncertain, is shown to be a radiolarian.The diversity of each of these faunas is similar, but the difference in faunal compositions among the faunas examined is distinct. From this analysis, the Late Cambrian strata between Martin Point and Green Point can be more precisely correlated, and the previous correlation has been revised. With the recovery of the conodonts in this study, the provisionally placed boundary between the Franconian and Trempealeauan at Martin Point by earlier researchers is revised and positioned between unit 30 and unit 31.The biostratigraphic range of the co-occurring conodonts indicates that the youngest fauna described in this paper belongs to the Eoconodontus notchpeakensis Zone of late Trempealeauan age and that the other faunas (from Martin Point and Green Point) are of Franconian age.
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Jung, C. A., S. E. Swearer, and G. P. Jenkins. "Changes in diversity in the fish assemblage of a southern Australian embayment: consistent spatial structuring at decadal scales." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 12 (2010): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10080.
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Comprehensive assessment of spatio–temporal variation in assemblages, particularly relating to management and conservation efforts, should include examination of variation across scales. The present study investigated spatio–temporal variation at various scales in the fish fauna of Port Phillip, Australia, over 17 years. There were significant increases in diversity and changes in faunal composition in the most recent study, compared with 17 (+38%) and 7 (+151%) years ago. No significant year-to-year differences and no fortnightly differences within a season were found, supporting the notion of long-term changes. However, inter-seasonal variation was significant, with diversity highest in summer and lowest in winter (42.3% of summer diversity), illustrating substantial variation only at particular scales. The spatial structuring of assemblages was consistent at all temporal scales over 17 years. Fish assemblages and diversity varied significantly among sites and regions, but diversity was always highest on reefs in the eastern region of Port Phillip. However, the majority of spatial variation occurred among replicate transects (up to 75% of overall variation). Despite the high degree of small-scale spatio–temporal variability, the results provide evidence of long-term changes in faunal composition and diversity within the bay. Moreover, the results underline the necessity for multi-scalar approaches in ecological studies like abundance assessments.
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Shital, Deshmukh. "Distribution of Leech Faunal Diversity in Ecosystem of Dharni Region." Int. Res. Journal of Science & Engineering, 2023 A13 (December 31, 2023): 35–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10516177.
Full textAbstract:
Biodiversity is one of the important cornerstones of sustainable development and represents the biological wealth of a given nation. A common misconception about leeches is that there is only one kind of leech. In fact, there are wide variety of species of leeches worldwide and they can be found in a variety of different habitats including marine, estuarine, moist and freshwater ecosystems. Within these habitats, leeches can be found attached to various substrates including fish and other marine creatures, underneath rocks or clinging to vegetation (moist terrestrial), or living on stones, and aquatic vegetation in ponds, streams, and rivers. Leeches (Hirudinea) constitute a relatively small monophyletic group of highly specialized annelids and play important roles as invertebrate predators in freshwater, while others are infamous for their ectoparasitic bloodsucking. They are globally distributed on all continents with one-half of all continental species, known for their local endemism.
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Carrera, Marcelo G., and J. Keith Rigby. "Biogeography of Ordovician sponges." Journal of Paleontology 73, no. 1 (1999): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000027517.
Full textAbstract:
Sponges have an unrealized potential importance in biogeographic analysis. Biogeographic patterns determined from our analysis of all published data on distribution of Ordovician genera indicate Early Ordovician sponge faunas have relatively low diversity and are completely dominated by demosponges. Early Ordovician (Ibexian) faunas are characterized by the widespread co-occurrence ofArchaeoscyphiaand the problematicCalathium.This association is commonly found in biohermal structures. Middle Ordovician faunas show an increase in diversity, and two broad associations are differentiated: Appalachian faunas (including Southern China and the Argentine Precordillera) and Great Basin faunas.Late Ordovician faunas show important changes in diversity and provincialism. Hexactinellid and calcareous sponges became important and new demosponge families appeared. Four Mohawkian-Cincinnatian associations are recognized here, including: 1) Midcontinent faunas; 2) Baltic faunas; 3) New South Wales faunas; and 4) Western North American (California and Alaska) faunas. However, two separate biogeographic associations are differentiated based on faunal differences. These are a Pacific association (western North American and New South Wales) and an Atlantic association (Midcontinent Laurentia and Baltica).Distribution of sponge genera and migration patterns are utilized to consider paleogeographic dispositions of the different continental plates, climatic features, and oceanic currents. Such an analysis points to close paleogeographic affinities between the Argentine Precordillera and Laurentian Appalachian faunas. However, significant endemicity and the occurrence of extra-Laurentian genera suggest a relative isolation of the Precordillera terrane during the Late Ibexian-Whiterockian. The study also shows a faunal migration from the Appalachian region to South China during the Middle Ordovician and the migration of faunas from Baltica to Laurentia in the Late Ordovician. The occurrence of Laurentian migrants in New South Wales during the Late Ordovician could be related to inferred oceanic current circulation between these two areas, although other paleogeographic features may be involved.
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Jayaraju, N., and K. R. Reddi. "Foraminiferal Ecosystem in Relation to Coastal and Estuarine Sediments of Kovalam - Tuticorin, South India." Journal Geological Society of India 46, no. 5 (1995): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1995/460510.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A total of 180 bottom water and sediment samples each were collected both in monsoon (1990) and premonsoon (1991) periods from coastal and estuarine environments of Kovalam-Kanyakumari Tuticorin, South India. Fifty four benthic foraminiferal taxa were reported belonging to three suborders - Rotalina, Miliolina and Textularina. The fauna was thus related to ecological ingredients viz., salinity, organic matter, calcium and phosphate. Salinity showed an erratic relation whereas other parameters exhibited slight positive bearing with living crop in both the seasons. The living fauna have limited number of taxa with Ammonia beccarii and Asterorotalia dentata being dominant in both the seasons. Faunal density, diversity and distribution increases gradually towards Tuticorin. Inter play of ecological parameters coupled with substrate character could be the reason in faunal abundance and diversity along the east coast. The results lead to the conclusion that the type and size of the substrate is more important in regulating the foraminiferal density and diversity in the study area than mineralogy of the sediment. Investigations reveal that the monsoonal season is more congenial than premonsoonal season to the foraminifera. The provenance of the sediment is a metamorphic terrain dominated by Precambrian gneisses, schists and ferruginous quartzites belonging to Peninsular shield.