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1
Dany, Geraldo Kramer, Josilene Leonardo Da Silva Maria, Da Silva Estevam, et al. "FAVIPIRAVIR AS A POTENTIAL DRUG IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 8, no. 4 (2020): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i4.2020.2.
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Favipiravir is a drug developed for use against influenza and has been used successfully in other infectious conditions. After being internalized in the cell, the substance is phosphoribosylated acting on the RNA polymerase, and thus inhibiting replication and RNA viruses. Thus, the present study aimed to discuss the potential use of favipiravir in coronovavirus infections. There have been few studies involving favipiravir in COVID 19, however there is a report of recovery in more than 70% of patients diagnosed with pneumonia. However, new studies need to be carried out, mainly randomized clinical trials, so that the potential use of favipiravir in coronaviruses is adequately grounded
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Ergur Ozturk, Figen, Ayperi Ozturk, and Hale Ates. "A favipiravir-induced angioedema and urticaria in a COVID-19 patient." Antiviral Therapy 27, no. 6 (2022): 135965352211462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13596535221146226.
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Although favipiravir is a promising drug for coronavirus disease 2019, some adverse effects, including skin lesions, have been reported. A 56-year-old female who was prescribed favipiravir by a filiation team following a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test presented to our hospital. After examination, favipiravir and paracetamol were prescribed. She represented to the hospital with facial swelling and itchy rashes on her forearm. Angioedema and urticaria were diagnosed. Favipiravir was discontinued. Steroid and antihistaminic therapy were administered for angioedema. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of favipiravir-induced angioedema and urticaria in Turkey.
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Alattar, Rand A., Shiema A. Ahmed, Tasneem Abdallah, et al. "508. Title Favipiravir for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (2021): S356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.707.
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Abstract Background We investigated clinical outcomes of favipiravir in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods Patients who between 23 May 2020 and 18 July 2020 received ≥24 hours of favipiravir were assigned to the favipiravir group, while those who did not formed the non-favipiravir group. The primary outcome was 28-day clinical improvement, defined as two-category improvement from baseline on an 8-point ordinal scale. Propensity scores (PS) for favipiravir therapy were used for 1:1 matching. Cox regression was used to examine associations with the primary endpoint. Results The unmatched cohort included 1,493 patients, of which 51.7% were in the favipiravir group, and 48.3% were not receiving supplemental oxygen at baseline (table 1). Favipiravir was started within a median of 5 days from symptoms onset. Significant baseline differences between the two unmatched groups existed, but not between the PSmatched groups (N = 774) (table 1). After PS-matching, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion with 28-day clinical improvement (93.3% versus 92.8%, P 0.780), or 28-day all-cause mortality (2.1% versus 3.1%, P 0.360) (Table 2). Favipiravir was associated with more viral clearance by day 28 (79.8% versus 64.1%, P < 0.001) (table 2). In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, favipiravir therapy was not associated 28-day clinical improvement (adjusted hazard ratio 0.978, 95% confidence interval 0.862 –1.109, P 0.726) (Table 3). Conclusion Favipiravir therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia is well tolerated but is not associated with an increased likelihood of clinical improvement or reduced all-cause mortality by 28 days. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Balykova, L. A., A. V. Govorov, A. O. Vasilyev, et al. "Characteristics of COVID-19 and possibilities of early causal therapy. Results of favipiravir use in clinical practice." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 3 (2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-3-30-40.
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This paper provides the results of a study evaluating the efficacy and safety of etiotropic therapy in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective. Тo evaluate the efficacy and safety of favipiravir (Areplivir) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare it with recommended standard therapy. Patients and methods. Two hundred men and women aged between 18 and 80 years with COVID-19 were randomized into this study. The experimental group included patients who received favipiravir, whereas the control group comprised patients who received causal therapy in accordance with the latest version of the temporary methodical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia ‘Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus infection (COVID-19).’ The efficacy and safety of therapy were evaluated by assessing clinical improvement using the WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement, clinical and laboratory parameters, findings of chest computed tomography (CT), and elimination of SARS-CoV-2. We also analyzed the frequency and type of adverse events, need for invasive and non-invasive ventilation, and death rates. Results. Our analysis has demonstrated significant benefits of favipiravir over standard therapy in terms of the time to clinical improvement (in the experimental group it was 4 days shorter on average), time to recovery, frequency of recovery after 10 days (44% of patients from the experimental group and 10% of patients from the control group had no clinical signs of the disease at this time-point), and frequency of virus elimination by day 10 of therapy. Treatment with favipiravir was associated with a significant improvement in the lung condition (according to CT), normalization of laboratory parameters, and saturation level. Favipiravir has demonstrated a good safety profile similar to that of standard therapy. There was no difference in the frequency of adverse events between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion. The use of favipiravir for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced the time to clinical improvement by 4 days on average compared to standard therapy, ensured improvement of the lung condition (according to CT scans), and facilitated virus elimination in more than 90% of patients, thereby promoting faster recovery. Favipiravir had a good safety profile and was well tolerated by patients. This treatment regimen was shown to be effective, sufficient, and clinically reasonable to achieve good outcomes. Timely initiation of therapy with favipiravir (Areplivir) improves disease prognosis and reduces the global socioeconomic burden of the current pandemic. Key words: COVID-19, Areplivir, coronavirus, causal therapy, favipiravir
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Lowe, David M., Li-An K. Brown, Kashfia Chowdhury, et al. "Favipiravir, lopinavir-ritonavir, or combination therapy (FLARE): A randomised, double-blind, 2 × 2 factorial placebo-controlled trial of early antiviral therapy in COVID-19." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 10 (2022): e1004120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004120.
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Background Early antiviral treatment is effective for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) but currently available agents are expensive. Favipiravir is routinely used in many countries, but efficacy is unproven. Antiviral combinations have not been systematically studied. We aimed to evaluate the effect of favipiravir, lopinavir-ritonavir or the combination of both agents on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load trajectory when administered early. Methods and findings We conducted a Phase 2, proof of principle, randomised, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind trial of ambulatory outpatients with early COVID-19 (within 7 days of symptom onset) at 2 sites in the United Kingdom. Participants were randomised using a centralised online process to receive: favipiravir (1,800 mg twice daily on Day 1 followed by 400 mg 4 times daily on Days 2 to 7) plus lopinavir-ritonavir (400 mg/100 mg twice daily on Day 1, followed by 200 mg/50 mg 4 times daily on Days 2 to 7), favipiravir plus lopinavir-ritonavir placebo, lopinavir-ritonavir plus favipiravir placebo, or both placebos. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 viral load at Day 5, accounting for baseline viral load. Between 6 October 2020 and 4 November 2021, we recruited 240 participants. For the favipiravir+lopinavir-ritonavir, favipiravir+placebo, lopinavir-ritonavir+placebo, and placebo-only arms, we recruited 61, 59, 60, and 60 participants and analysed 55, 56, 55, and 58 participants, respectively, who provided viral load measures at Day 1 and Day 5. In the primary analysis, the mean viral load in the favipiravir+placebo arm had changed by −0.57 log10 (95% CI −1.21 to 0.07, p = 0.08) and in the lopinavir-ritonavir+placebo arm by −0.18 log10 (95% CI −0.82 to 0.46, p = 0.58) compared to the placebo arm at Day 5. There was no significant interaction between favipiravir and lopinavir-ritonavir (interaction coefficient term: 0.59 log10, 95% CI −0.32 to 1.50, p = 0.20). More participants had undetectable virus at Day 5 in the favipiravir+placebo arm compared to placebo only (46.3% versus 26.9%, odds ratio (OR): 2.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.65; p = 0.03). Adverse events were observed more frequently with lopinavir-ritonavir, mainly gastrointestinal disturbance. Favipiravir drug levels were lower in the combination arm than the favipiravir monotherapy arm, possibly due to poor absorption. The major limitation was that the study population was relatively young and healthy compared to those most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions At the current doses, no treatment significantly reduced viral load in the primary analysis. Favipiravir requires further evaluation with consideration of dose escalation. Lopinavir-ritonavir administration was associated with lower plasma favipiravir concentrations. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04499677 EudraCT: 2020-002106-68
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Go, Nevan, Prettysun A. Mellow, and Bernadette D. N. Dewi. "COVID-19 THERAPY: COMPARISON EFFECTIVITY BETWEEN REMDESIVIR AND FAVIPIRAVIR." Journal of Widya Medika Junior 4, no. 4 (2022): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/jwmj.v4i4.4344.
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Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease of global concern(1). Remdesivir and favipiravir are antiviral drugs that are considered COVID19 therapy, as described in Indonesia's 3rd COVID-19 Management Guidelines. They have a similar mechanism, specifically by inhibiting RNA dependent RNA polymerase of the virus (3). Several studies have reported that patients who were treated with these antivirals had a shorter hospital stays (4–6). However, the comparison of efficacy between remdesivir and favipiravir is still unknown. Methods: An observational analytic study was done using a retrospective cohort design. Eighty-eight medical records of COVID-19 patients between January 2021 to August 2021 are collected by consecutive sampling techniques, and this research was carried out at Gotong Royong Hospital Surabaya. Results: Based on the statistical analysis test, there was no clinical improvement difference found, neither patients received remdesivir nor favipiravir based on their clinical manifestations, such as ventilation support and chest X-ray, measured by WHO ordinal scale (p=0,486 ; p>0,05 on the first week and p=0,942 ; p>0,05 on the second week). Conclusions: Improved clinical manifestations were seen in the second week of therapy, either in patients who received remdesivir or favipiravir, but there was no significant effectivity difference between those drugs.
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Lestari, Sri, Dewi Mayasari, and Yurika Sastyarina. "Studi Literatur: Penggunaan Obat Remdesivir dan Favipiravir dalam Terapi Covid-19." Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 12 (December 16, 2020): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v12i1.425.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus and is spreading rapidly throughout the world. Several studies were conducted to find these antiviral agents, one of which is Remdesivir and Favipiravir. This literature study aims to examine the use of Remdesivir and Favipiravir as therapy in COVID-19 patients with a literature study. The research method used is a literature review with an electronic database of indexed journals with a journal publication time limit for 2019-2020 using the appropriate keywords. From the 10 literature that has been reviewed, it shows that the use of Remdesivir and Favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 provides an improvement in the patient's health condition.
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Kostenko, Stanislav M., Irina A. Tulinova, Andrey M. Zemskov, et al. "Dynamic Monitoring of Immunobiochemical measurements in Patients with Novel Coronavirus Infection having therapy with Favipiravir." Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ) 24, no. 3 (2023): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/1990-472x-2023-24-3-100-106.
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Delayed innate and adaptive immune response lay behind the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection. COVID-19 is a multisystem disease affecting various human organs. More than a third of the patients have hepatic impairments. This can be caused by both direct cytopathic effect and immune-mediated mechanisms. In the Russian Federation, favipiravir, a DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase inhibitor, is recommended for etiotropic therapy of the novel coronavirus infection. Research shows that the medication can reduce the viral load and the length of hospital stay. However, the affect of favipiravir on the immune response remains uncertain.
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Łagocka, Ryta, Violetta Dziedziejko, Patrycja Kłos, and Andrzej Pawlik. "Favipiravir in Therapy of Viral Infections." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2 (2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020273.
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Favipiravir (FPV) is a novel antiviral drug acting as a competitive inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), preventing viral transcription and replication. FPV was approved in Japan in 2014 for therapy of influenza unresponsive to standard antiviral therapies. FPV was also used in the therapy of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic parameters, toxicity, and adverse effects of FPV, as well as clinical studies evaluating the use of FPV in the therapy of influenza virus (IV) infection, EVD, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with its effectiveness in treating other human RNA infections.
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Srinivasan, Kritika, and Mana Rao. "Understanding the clinical utility of favipiravir (T-705) in coronavirus disease of 2019: a review." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 8 (January 2021): 204993612110630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361211063016.
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The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant morbidity and mortality among infected individuals across the world. High transmissibility rate of the causative virus – Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – has led to immense strain and bottlenecking of the health care system. While noteworthy advances in vaccine development have been made amid the current global pandemic, most therapeutic agents are repurposed from use in other viral infections and are being evaluated for efficacy in COVID-19. Favipiravir, an orally administered drug originally developed in Japan against emerging influenza viral strains, has been shown to have widespread application and safety across multiple ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral infections. With a strong affinity toward the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), favipiravir could be a promising therapy against SARS-CoV-2, by targeting downstream viral RNA replication. Initial trials for usage in COVID-19 have suggested that favipiravir administration during initial infection stages, in individuals with mild to moderate infection, has a strong potential to improve clinical outcomes. However, additional well-designed clinical trials are required to closely examine ideal timing of drug administration, dosage, and duration, to assess the role of favipiravir in COVID-19 therapy. This review provides evidence-based insights and throws light on the current clinical trials examining the efficacy of favipiravir in tackling COVID-19, including its mechanism, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics.
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Haqim, Luqman Nul, and Antonoius Adji Prayitno Setiadi. "Perbandingan Efektivitas dan Efek Samping Antivirus Favipiravir dan Remdesivir Pada Pasien COVID-19." Malahayati Nursing Journal 5, no. 6 (2023): 1868–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v5i6.8743.
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ABSTRACT Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2). Symptoms are divided into asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical. In patients with moderate symptoms, antiviral therapy is given, including favipiravir and remdesivir. This study aims to look at the effectiveness and side effects of the two drugs. This study was a cross-sectional study involving all COVID-19 patients with moderate symptoms who were treated at the Husada Utama Hospital in Surabaya from January to December 2021. Patient data was taken based on medical record data. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate techniques. There were 59 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 32 patients using favipiravir and 27 patients using remdesivir. In this study, there were no significant differences regarding the effectiveness and side effects between the use of favipiravir and remdesivir. However, the use of favipiravir was significantly shorter than remdesivir (p = 0.015). The conclusion in this study was that there were no significant differences in terms of effectiveness and side effects between the use of favipiravir and remdesivir in patients with moderate symptoms of COVID-19. Keywords: Favipiravir, Remdesivir, COVID-19, Moderate Degree ABSTRAK Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2). Gejala yang ditimbulkan dibagi menjadi tanpa gejala, ringan, sedang, berat dan kritis. Pada pasien dengan gejala sedang terapi antivirus yang diberikan antara lain favipiravir dan remdesivir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas dan efek samping dari kedua obat tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang melibatkan seluruh pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala sedang yang dirawat di rumah sakit Husada Utama kota Surabaya pada periode Januari sampai dengan Desember 2021. Data pasien diambil berdasarkan data rekam medis. Analisis data menggunakan teknik univariat dan bivariat. Terdapat 59 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pasien yang menggunakan favipiravir sebanyak 32 pasien dan yang menggunakan remdesivir sebanyak 27 pasien. Dalam penelitian ini tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terkait efektivitas dan efek samping antara penggunaan favipiravir dan remdesivir. Namun penggunaan favipiravir secara signifikan lebih singkat dibandingkan remdesivir (p = 0,015). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terkait efektivitas dan efek samping antara penggunaan favipiravir dan remdesivir pada pasien COVID-19 gejala sedang. Kata Kunci: Favipiravir, Remdesivir, COVID-19, Derajat Sedang
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Shinomiya, Shohei, Keisuke Nakase, Ai Fujii, et al. "Tocilizumab and PMX-DHP have efficacy for severe COVID-19 pneumonia." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 2050313X2199106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x21991063.
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In coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, a cytokine storm resulting from an excessive inflammatory response to the viral infection is thought to play a role in the exacerbation of the pneumonia and its prognosis. Favipiravir and ciclesonide are not effective in the inhibition of the cytokine storm. In this case report, we describe the experience of tocilizumab administration and polymyxin B immobilized fiber direct hemoperfusion in severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia patient. A 52-year-old man presented with fever and dyspnea and was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia based on a polymerase chain reaction test. Mechanical ventilation and favipiravir administration were started for respiratory failure. However, favipiravir could not be continued due to hepatic dysfunction. Consequently, tocilizumab was administered, and continuous hemodiafiltration and endotoxin adsorption therapy (polymyxin B immobilized fiber direct hemoperfusion) were performed for acute renal failure. C-reactive protein decreased from 44 to 3.52 mg/dL, and the patient’s respiratory status improved over time, enabling mechanical ventilation to be withdrawn. This case indicates that adding polymyxin B immobilized fiber direct hemoperfusion to tocilizumab administration may further increase efficacy in coronavirus disease 2019 treatment; however, more case–control studies are needed.
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Bonilla, Maria-Fernanda, Martin E. Lascano, Rania El-Lababidi, et al. "Combination Therapy with Favipiravir for Treatment of Hospitalized COVID-19 Adults." New Emirates Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0250688202666210519155441.
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Background: The optimal treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. Favipiravir, an RNA polymerase inhibitor, has been used for COVID-19 but its clinical role and safety have not been established. Methods: We evaluated the outcomes of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 on favipiravir as part of combination therapy between March 1 and June 1, 2020. Favipiravir was given at a loading dose of 1600 mg orally every 12 hours for 2 doses, followed by a maintenance dose of 600 mg orally every eight hours. We performed a retrospective assessment of virologic clearance, improvement in oxygenation, clinical improvement and possible adverse effects. Results: One hundred and nine patients received favipiravir for a mean duration of 5.32 days. Mean time from symptom onset to initiation of favipiravir (day 0) was 4.89 days. Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was <2 in 83 patients (76.1%), and 17 patients (15.6%) were on invasive mechanical ventilation at day 0. All patients received at least one additional antiviral, 50 patients (45.9%) received tocilizumab and 14 patients (12.8%) received convalescent plasma. Mean clinical and oxygenation improvement at day 28 were 79.8% and 81.6%, respectively, including 10/17 patients (58.8%) who were extubated. There was no statistically significant difference in mean viral RNA clearance time between patients that received >7 days and those receiving <7 days of favipiravir. Mortality was 9.2%. Main adverse events leading to early favipiravir discontinuation were QTc interval prolongation (11%) and hypertriglyceridemia (8.3%). Conclusion: Early use of favipiravir as part of combination therapy was associated with improved outcomes, a low mortality rate and a high rate of clinical and oxygenation improvement in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. There was no impact on virologic clearance. No severe adverse effects were recorded. The effect of favipiravir as monotherapy and as part of early combination therapy need to be elucidated further in randomized clinical trials.
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Tawfik, Abdulrahman, Abdulrahman Alzahrani, Sami Alharbi, et al. "Effectiveness of Early Favipiravir Therapy in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients." Advances in Virology 2022 (June 29, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9240941.
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COVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus with no specific, standard treatment. We investigated the clinical data of COVID-19 patients admitted to King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH) in Buraydah by comparing the patients who were treated early with favipiravir (within 3 days of admission) to patients who were treated after three days of admission or not treated. 165 patients were confirmed with PCR tests and admitted to KFSH for treatment. Comorbidities contributed significantly to increasing the length of stay in hospital at 11.4 ± 0.8 days compared to patients with no comorbidities at 8.6 ± 0.9 days ( p = 0.041 ). A total of 103 patients were treated with favipiravir, and we found that early treatment with favipiravir (within 3 days) reduced the length of stay in hospital significantly (8.8 ± 1.4 days) compared to patients who were treated after 3 days (13.3 ± 4.6 days) ( p = 0.0015 ). Moreover, patients with comorbidities in both early and late treatment groups had significantly higher average lengths of stay in hospital (11.2 ± 0.9 days) compared to patients with no comorbidities (7.9 ± 0.7 days) ( p = 0.017 ). Interestingly, patients treated early with favipiravir (with comorbidities and without) stayed fewer days in hospital compared to those with late treatment ( p = 0.021 ; a difference of 4.5 ± 1.9 days; and p = 0.018 ; a difference of 4.2 ± 1.7 days, respectively). In conclusion, our analysis indicates that early treatment with favipiravir can reduce the length of stay in hospital and improve clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients.
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Krylova, Olga, Anatoliy Krasheninnikov, Elza Mamontova, Galina Tananakina, and D. Belyakova. "Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Treatment Regimens for Coronavirus Infection Coronavirus Disease-19." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (2021): 1182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7015.
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BACKGROUND: In March 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection was assigned the status of a pandemic. As of the beginning of 2021, the Russian Federation ranks fourth in terms of the prevalence of coronavirus infection. Over the period from March 2020 to February 2021, more than 84,000 fatal cases of the disease were recorded in Russia. AIM: However, at the moment, there are no medications with proven effectiveness and safety against the novel coronavirus infection. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis of medications for etiotropic therapy of all forms of COVID-19 recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (clinical guidelines, version 10 dated February 8, 2021) to identify the best treatment option. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the course of the study, the “cost of illness” was determined for all forms of the disease in an outpatient and inpatient setting. The authors took into account the direct medical costs of medication therapy and diagnostic and treatment procedures. In terms of direct non-medical costs, they calculated the cost of a bed-day excluding medication treatment, and indirect costs included payments for temporary disability sheets. Costs for medications were calculated based on the active ingredient (AI) and the packages for treatment on an outpatient basis and in the case of the hospital setting based on the AI only. The cost of medical and diagnostic procedures was determined based on the Tariff Agreement for 2020 dated December 30, 2019. Next, a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed. Effectiveness criteria were selected based on published clinical trial results for the medications in question. Then, they performed a calculation of the cost-effectiveness coefficients and an incremental analysis. RESULTS: Thus, in the course of the analysis of the cost of illness, the most economically profitable treatment regimens were the ones with hydroxychloroquine both for outpatient treatment (13,150.31 rubles: Mild form, 22,326.44 rubles: Moderate form excluding antibiotic therapy, and 21,513.76 rubles: Moderate form, taking into account antibacterial therapy) and for inpatient treatment (34,441.53 rubles). CONCLUSION: As a result of the cost-effectiveness analysis, the use of favipiravir can be considered optimal (comparative effectiveness research = 17,607.14 rubles), and for the mild form, the optimal medication is umifenovir, since during the incremental analysis, it was found that for therapy with favipiravir, 100 people would need an additional allocation of 96.291 rubles, which, given the form of the disease, is not entirely appropriate.
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Al-Malkey, Maysaa K., Sinai W. Mohammed, Noorulhuda F Khalaf, Mohammed J. Al-Obaidi, and Fadhaa O. Sameer. "The Significance of Remdesivir and Favipiravir Therapies to Survival of COVID-19 Patients." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 3 (2023): 1513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2729.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the infection escalation around the globe encourage the implementation of the global protocol for standard care patients aiming to cease the infection spread. Evaluating the potency of these therapy courses has drawn particular attention in health practice. This observational study aimed to assess the efficacy of Remdesivir and Favipiravir drugs compared to the standard care patients in COVID-19 confirmed patients. One hundred twenty-seven patients showed the disease at different stages, and one hundred and fifty patients received only standard care as a control group were included in this study. Patients under the Remdesivir therapy protocol were (62.20%); meanwhile, there (30.71%) were under Favipiravir therapy. From the total number of patients under both protocols, 75.6% of the total patients recovered, and 15.7% were deceased. The mortality rate was shown to be 14 out of 64 patients (22%) in critical COVID-19 patients in the Remdesivir group and 3 out of 37 patients (8%) in the Favipiravir group. Remdesivir drug lowered healing mean time to 6 days in mild-to-moderate. COVID-19 clinical manifestations are different among infected patients, and the therapy required to be carefully designed for critical cases in particular. Remdesivir and Favipiravir therapy tend to have a promising efficacy in reducing the mortality rate and time of recovery, especially among mild-to-moderate patients.
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Meyramov, Gabit, Zhanat Muntinov, Vladimir Korchin та ін. "Опыт применения противовирусных препаратов в терапии конъюнктивита при COVID–19". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 105, № 1 (2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg1/149-155.
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The study presents the effect of the drug Favipiravir in the complex therapy of conjunctivitis caused by COVID–19. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection was confirmed by positive PCR tests; the severity was assessed based on fluoroscopic examination of the lungs and computed tomography. To treat eye symptoms of conjunctivitis caused by SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs have been used: Acyclovir, Ophtalmoferon, and Favipiravir. The authors have shown that treatment with Favipiravir in combination with antiviral drugs reduces the duration of treatment by 1.86 times in patients of group 2 compared to patients of the first group who were treated with acyclovir and Оphthalmoferon. The high effectiveness of treatment of conjunctivitis with Favipiravir is due to the mechanism of its tropic action in relation to RNA-containing viruses, due to its ability to integrate into the RNA chain of the COVID-19, inhibiting its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and disrupt the replication of the coronavirus. In addition, Favipiravir induces lethal RNA transversion mutations, leading to the death of the virus. The prolongation of the duration of treatment of conjunctivitis in patients of the first group can be explained by the effect of Аcyclovir, aimed at inhibiting viral DNA polymerase and blocking the synthesis of viral DNA, while the COVID-19 belongs to a single-stranded RNA-containing virus, despite the action of Оphthalmoferon, which can disrupt the reproduction of the virus by interacting with specific membrane receptors, the CD147 protein of the conjunctival epithelium.
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Balykova, L. A., V. F. Pavelkina, N. V. Shmyreva, et al. "EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SOME ETIOTROPIC THERAPEUTIC SCHEMES FOR TREATING PATIENTS WITH NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19)." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 8, no. 3 (2020): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-150-159.
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The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug, compared to the standard etiotropic therapy in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Material and methods. The research was conducted as a part of an open, randomized, multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of Areplivir, 200 mg film-coated tablets (“PROMOMED RUS” LLC, Russia), in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The dosing regimen of Favipiravir was 1600 mg twice a day on the 1st day and 600 mg twice a day on days 2–14. Thirty nine patients were enrolled into the study with a laboratory-established diagnosis of a new type of Coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (confirmed) of moderate severity, with pneumonia. The group of comparison (22 patients) received standard etiotropic therapy, prescribed in accordance with the current version of the temporary guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, represented mainly by Hydroxychloroquine with the dosage regimen of 800 mg on the 1st day, then 400 mg on days 2–7, and Azithromycin 500 mg once a day for 5 days. The main group (17 patients) received Favipiravir (Areplivir) as etiotropiс therapy.Results. In the main group, the time period until fever disappeared was found to be 1.36 days shorter than in the group of comparison (p<0.05); there was a higher rate of the reduction of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to the computer tomography data (38.4% vs 14.9%, p<0.05). By the end of the treatment, there was also a lower lactate level in the blood (27.1%, p<0.05) than in the patients of the group of comparison. The evaluation of the drug efficacy ассording to the Categorical Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement and measurements of oxygen saturation in the blood, manifested similar positive dynamics in the patients treated ассording to various etiotropic therapy regimens. By the end of the treatment, the RNA SARS-CoV-2 tests were also negative in all the patients. As for the overall frequency of adverse events (AEs), no relevant distinctions were found between the groups. A greater part of AEs was related to hepatotoxicity, with a predominantly clinically relevant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A clinically relevant prolongation of the corrected QT interval on the standard ECG was found to occur in the standard-therapy group on day 5, while no serious AEs were registered in the main group. No serious adverse reactions were registered in patients of the main group.Conclusion. The efficacy of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) therapy for the novel coronavirus infection has proved to be superior to the efficacy of the standard etiotropic therapy in a number of aspects. Basing on the obtained findings, Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug can be recommended for treating patients with the novel coronavirus infection of moderate severity.
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Inayah, Aghnia Fuadatul, Ghassani Shabrina Putri, and Amaliyah Dina Anggraeni. "Analysis Of The Relationship Of Covid-19 Symptoms Which Receive Favipiravir And Length Of Treatment In The Inpatition Of Dr. Iskak Tulungagung." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 4, no. 5 (2024): 4296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i5.1277.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 or commonly called COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug so it has potential antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2 which is an RNA virus. This research aims to find out the relationship between Covid-19 symptoms when receiving favipiravir and the length of treatment of patients hospitalized at RSUD Dr. Iskak Tulungagung. Observational research with descriptive retrospective methods in COVID-19 patients' moderate symptoms with Favipiravir therapy at RSUD dr. Iskak Tungagung period July - September 2021. Data collection using the calculation of the Slovin formula to determine the number of patient samples. Analysis analysis using SPSS by carrying out the Chi-square test. The results of the study were obtained from 146 patients, the pattern of using Favipiravir was given at a dose (2x1600mg) on the first day followed by (2x600mg) on the second day and so on with the most giving range of 1-7 days .
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Latief, M., O. Shafi, Z. Hassan, and F. Abbas. "FAVIPIRAVIR AND DEXAMETHASONE IN MANAGEMENT OF SARS-COV2 INFECTION." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 6, no. 2 (2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2020.2.11485.
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Background. The clinical presentation of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) varies from mild symptoms to severe illness including multiorgan dysfunction. Favipiravir is an antiviral agent which has been previously used for treatment of influenza and was recently approved for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in India. Objective. The Objective of this study was to assess the role of Favipiravir and Dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19. Methods. A total of 17 patients were included in this observational study. The included patients were RT-PCR for SARS-Cov-2 positive with increased inflammatory markers. All patients received Antiviral therapy, Anticoagulation (Enoxaparin 0.4mg subcutaneous twice daily), Steroids (Dexamethasone 8mg daily for 5days and 4mg daily for 5 days). Viral clearance (time to RT-PCR negative), time to defervescence after antiviral therapy, time to become independent of Oxygen support was studied. Results. Fever, myalgias, dry cough and dyspnea were the commonest presentation of COVID-19. All of our patients had lymphopenia. In our study 11 (64.7%) patients had bilateral ground glass opacities on CT chest while 6 had consolidation in addition to ground glass opacities. In two patients, who required non-invasive ventilation, Favipiravir was stopped and these patients received Remdesivir for a total of 5 days. In patients who received Favipiravir only, the Median time to RT-PCR negative, defervescence and oxygen independence was 8,3 and 6 days respectively. Conclusion. Our observational study demonstrated improvement in the majority of patients with COVID-19 with use of Favipiravir. Additional studies are needed to compare the efficiency of Favipiravir with Remdesivir.
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Aydin, Sonay, Ozlem Celik Aydin, Mesut Furkan Yazar, Huseyin Aydemir, Mecit Kantarci, and Sureyya Barun. "Assessment of the potential interactions between favipiravir and radiocontrast agents." World Journal of Radiology 16, no. 5 (2024): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v16.i5.128.
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BACKGROUND In cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), favipiravir is commonly included to the therapy regimen. Drug interactions between favipiravir and other COVID-19 therapy drugs are frequently researched. However, no research on possible drug interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents, which have become almost crucial in diagnostic processes while not being part of the treatment, has been found. AIM To determine potential medication interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents. METHODS The study comprised patients who were taking Favipiravir for COVID-19 therapy and underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test while taking the medicine. The computerized patient files of the cases included in the study, as well as the pharmacovigilance forms in the designated hospital, were evaluated for this purpose. RESULTS The study included the evaluation of data from 1046 patients. The study sample's mean age was 47.23 ± 9.48 years. The mean age of cases with drug interactions was statistically significant greater than that of cases with no drug interactions (P = 0.003). When evaluated with logistic regression analysis, a 1-year raises in age increases the risk of developing drug interactions by 1.63 times (P = 0.023). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of medication interactions between the sexes (P = 0.090). Possible medication interactions were discovered in 42 cases (4%). CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that the most notable findings as a result of the combined use of contrast agents and favipiravir were increased creatinine and transaminase values, as well as an increase in the frequency of nausea and vomiting. The majority of drug interactions discovered were modest enough that they were not reflected in the clinic. Drug interactions become more common as people get older.
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Muslim, Zamharira, Kadek Deby, Helena Julia Candrawati, and Setiyati Jatiningsih. "Profile of Antiviral and Antibiotic Prescribing in COVID-19 Patients in Bengkulu Indonesia." SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 15, no. 1 (2024): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2024.458.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 ) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and has a fast spread rate. The treatment for COVID-19 was at the beginning of the pandemic, and until now, it cannot be determined with certainty, so various efforts have been made. Treatment can be in the form of antiviral therapy until the use of antibiotics given at the start of the pandemic. The aim of this study is to identify antiviral and antibiotic use patterns in COVID-19 patients at a government hospital in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. This research was conducted by retrospective collection using secondary data (Medical Records) of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at a Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Dr M. Yunus Bengkulu from June to September 2021. In this study, a sample of 232 patient medical records was obtained. Common symptoms in confirmed COVID-19 patients were weakness (76.29%), cough (67.67%), shortness of breath (65.52%), flu (43.10%), fever (42.24%), etc. In this study, the most comorbid disease was hypertension (10.34%). There are three types of antiviral prescribed for COVID-19 patients: Favipiravir (49.56%), Remdesivir (19.82%), and Oseltamivir (15.51%), but 15.08% of patients were not prescribed antivirals. The prescription of antibiotics in this study varied, Azithromycin (53.02%), Ceftriaxone (24.57%), Cefixime (18.53%), and several other types of antibiotics, while 9.91% of patients were not given antibiotics. Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 patients was Favipiravir, Remdesivir, and Oseltamivir. Favipiravir is the most widely used antiviral drug. Meanwhile, the most widely used antibiotic therapy for COVID-19 patients is Azithromycin.
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Suryanti, Etik, Abdul Rahem, and Anita Purnamayanti. "PROFIL PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIVIRUS COVID-19 DI RSUD dr. MURJANI-SAMPIT." Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 7, no. 1 (2022): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v7i1.842.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) until now still defines Covid-19 as a global pandemic where this pandemic is the cause of the biggest public health crisis in this century. RSUD dr. Murjani-Sampit uses several antivirals, including Oseltamivir 75 mg, Favipiravir 200 mg, Remdesivir 200 mg. The purpose of this study was to determine the antiviral profile given to covid-19 patients at dr. Murjani-Sampit. This study used a total sample of hospitalized patients who were given COVID-19 antiviral therapy in the period August 2021. This research method used an observational research design with retrospective sampling. Data collection techniques based on observation of patient prescription data recorded in the pharmacy installation management information system of RSUD dr. Murjani-Sampit. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis with the most data on the use of antiviral drugs and the average percentage for the period August 2021 at dr. Murjani-Sampit which opened 275 patients. The results showed that the most widely administered antivirals were favipiravir 200 mg in 249 patients (90.54%), remdesivir 200 mg in 17 patients (6.18%) and oseltamivir as adjuvant or additional therapy due to influenza in 9 patients (3.27%). The conclusion of this study is that the antivirals used include oseltamivir 75 mg 3.27%, favipiravir 200 mg 90.54%, and remdesivir 200 mg 6.18%.
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Setyowati, Endang, Rika Muharyanti, Ari Simbara, and Nura Ali Dahbul. "HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK DENGAN PERIODE RAWAT INAP PASIEN COVID-19 YANG MENDAPAT TERAPI FAVIPIRAVIR." Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi 7, no. 2 (2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26751/ijf.v7i2.1753.
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Background: Covid-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Server acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus. The transmission of Covid-19 was so fast the on January 30, 2020 WHO declared Coronavirus as KKMD. The high number of cases of Covid-19 has resulted in a lack of capacity for health facilities, thus making inpatient medical services less than optimal and adequate. Objective: To determine the relationship between characteristics with the period of hospitalization of Covid-19 patients receiving favipiravir therapy at the Mitra Bangsa Hospital, Pati.Methods: this type of analytic observational study with a retrospective approach, was conducted in May-June 2021 at Mitra Bangsa Hospital, Pati. Purposive sampling, and data collection using Covid-19 patient medical record. The number of sampels obtained was 59 respondents, and data analysis was carried out statistically using bivariat analysis with Chi Square test.Results: the most gender was male 32 patients (54.2%), the most age 46-59 as many 29 patients (49.2%), then Covid-19 patients had the most comorbidities as many as 39 patients (67.8%) with the most common disiase was diabetes melitus with 19 patiens (32.2%). The result of the Chi Square test showed that there was a relationship between gender with lengts of stay p-value: 0.640, relationship between age with length of stay p-value: 0.806, and comorbid relationship with length of stay p-value: 0.301.Conclusion: There is relationship between characteristics with the period of hospitalization of Covid-19 patients receiving favipiravir therapy at the Mitra Bangsa hospital Pati.Keywords: Covid-19, Favipiravir, Hospitalization
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Daou, Farah, Gretta Abou-Sleymane, Danielle A. Badro, Nagham Khanafer, Mansour Tobaiqy, and Achraf Al Faraj. "The History, Efficacy, and Safety of Potential Therapeutics: A Narrative Overview of the Complex Life of COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (2021): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030955.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic posed a serious public health concern and started a race against time for researchers to discover an effective and safe therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to describe the history, efficacy, and safety of five potential therapeutics for COVID-19, remdesivir, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and convalescent plasma. A literature review was conducted through October 2020 to identify published studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of these five potential therapeutics. Clinical improvement was used to assess the efficacy, while reported withdrawals from study participation and adverse events were used to evaluate the safety. In total, 95 clinical studies (6 interventional and 89 observational studies) were obtained, of which 42 were included in this review. The evaluation of the efficacy and safety profiles is challenging due to the limitations of the clinical studies on one hand, and the limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the other. Moreover, there was insufficient evidence to support repurposing remdesivir, favipiravir, and tocilizumab for COVID-19.
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R, Venkata Kavya. "A Review on Dry Powder Inhalers of Repurposing Drugs for Covid-19 Treatment." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2022): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/jpri/02.02.a003.
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Dry powder inhalation method has been convincing method for treating respiratory diseases as it directly delivers the drugs to the lungs in the form of fine powder. The novel coronavirus causes respiratory infection mainly targeting the ACE-2 receptors in the lower respiratory tract. Repurposing drugs like Remdesivir, Ivermectin, Favipiravir for treatment of covid-19 can be prepared as powders for inhalation. Covid-19 pandemic has increased the application of dry powder inhalation therapy of antiviral drugs. This review presents account on pulmonary drug delivery of repurposing drugs for treatment of Covid-19. Index Terms : — Dry powder inhalers, Novel Coronavirus, Repurposing drugs.
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Radaeva, O. A., L. A. Balykova, K. Ya Zaslavskaya, et al. "STUDY OF LONG-TERM CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC EFFECTS OF FAVIPIRAVIR-BASED ANTI-VIRAL DRUG IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN POST-COVID PERIOD." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 10, no. 2 (2022): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-2-217-228.
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The article presents modern scientific data on long-term clinical and pathogenetic effects of the antiviral drug Areplivir (Favipiravir) in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.The aim of the article is to study long-term cytokine-mediated (IL-6/sIL6r and LIF/sLIFr) pathogenetic effects of the favipiravir (Areplivir®) based drug on the incidence of complications in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.Material and methods. With the approval of the local ethics committee at the N.P. Ogarevs Mordovia State University (Protocol No. 5 dated May 17, 2020) “An open prospective comparative study of the Areplivir® (Favipiravir) drug effectiveness in reducing the risk of complications in the post-COVID period in patients with metabolic syndrome” in the Republic of Mordovia was carried out.The study included 190 metabolic syndrome patients who received the outpatient treatment for COVID-19 at Saransk polyclinics from February 2021 to March 2021. The case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in accordance with the current Temporary Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.Results. The analysis of the metabolic syndrome patients’ follow-up within 1 year after undergoing COVID-19, revealed significant differences in the incidence of complications depending on the intake of the favipiravir based drug. The patients who were administrated with favipiravir at the early stage of infection, were characterized by lower serum levels of four members of the interleukin 6 family – IL-6 (IL-6, sIL6r and LIF, sLIFr) 10, 30 and 180 days after a clinical and laboratory recovery (p<0.001). The average statistical changes in the IL-6 /sIL6r system of the group administrated with favipiravir, were 90%, and they were higher than in the group not administrated with antiviral drugs. In the group of the patients administrated with favipiravir, there was a significant (p<0.001) positive dynamic of the sLIFr indicator, while in the comparison group, there was an increase in this indicator.A protective effect of the early favipiravir use was characterized by a decrease in the frequency of cardiovascular complications, a 2.66-fold decrease in the risk of a stroke and the ACS in the post-COVID period.Conclusion. The areplivir therapy in the acute period of coronavirus infection made it possible to timely reduce the viral load. It helps to correct the pro-inflammatory vector of the immune response at the post-COVID stage and, accordingly, reduces the risk of progression of atherosclerosis, transient cerebrovascular accidents with a cognitive decline, an endothelial dysfunction, and can be considered a secondary prevention of life-threatening cardiovascular complications.
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Yang, Kai, Jun Zeng, Wenjing Dai, Meifeng Chen, and Fan Yang. "A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis for comparative safety assessment of favipiravir interventions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 16, no. 09 (2022): 1406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16083.
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Introduction: COVID-19 is a coronavirus-based infectious illness that was first detected at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. The novel virus induces severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread globally, resulting in an ongoing pandemic. There is still a lack of evidence for direct comparison of favipiravir therapy. Network meta-analysis (NMA), may incorporate direct and indirect comparisons in a pooled computation while depending on strong assumptions and premises. This study provides evidence-based recommendations on the safety of currently used clinical pharmacological treatments compared to favipiravir for COVID-19 patients.
 Methodology: We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian NMA. We searched the primary databases and clinical trials center for reports of short-term, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of favipiravir for COVID-19 treatment. The primary endpoints here considered were any adverse events observed or reported during the treatment cycle with estimates of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), until November 6, 2021.
 Results: Between January 2020 and July 2021, 908 individuals were randomly assigned to one of the seven active prescription medication regimens or placebo in this study, generating seven direct comparisons on 12 data points. The safety of favipiravir over the four clinically efficacious monotherapies or combinations including tocilizumab, arbidol, lopinavir + ritonavir, and chloroquine remained unknown due to the lack of a significant difference and the limited sample size.
 Conclusions: Overall, comparative rankings could assist doctors and guideline developers in decision-making. We have also concluded that the safety of favipiravir requires further attention.
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Skvortsov, V. V., and M. A. Saprykina. "Etiotropic therapy of COVID-19 disease in the work of nursing staff." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 8 (July 30, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2308-03.
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The novel coronavirus infection, or COVID-19 (from «Coronavirus disease 2019»), is a new epidemic infectious disease that poses a danger to the population due to its high contagiousness and the development of life-threatening complications for the patient, such as respiratory and multiple organ failure. In 2021, it became clear that the reasonable use of antiviral therapy drugs is necessary for a favorable outcome of the disease. The review considers the main antiviral drugs proposed by the WHO for the treatment of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). They are based on studies with statistically significant data that allow fully assessing their effectiveness and make it possible to make an adequate decision on the prescription of these drugs. Based on the data obtained from in vitro studies and clinical trials, the paper considers the prospects of using these drugs in the treatment of the novel coronavirus infection, their effectiveness in clinical practice, as well as the feasibility of their use and possible combinations for prescribing these drugs that can be used to treat and prevent the novel coronavirus infection. The article discusses the efficacy of the following drugs: remdesivir, interferon, lopinavir and ritonavir, umifenovir, darunavir and cobicistat, favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and intravenous immunoglobulins.
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Pinki, Subhash, and Ashu Chaudhary. "Emerging Potential of Metallodrugs to Target Coronavirus: Efficacy, Toxicity and their Mechanism of Action." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 6 (2021): 1191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23228.
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On eleventh March 2020, the contagion of the novel COVID-19 was announced by the WHO. Right now, there are no new enlisted medications that can viably cure the COVID-19 contagion. Some recently utilized drugs and combinations with their harmfulness profiles have been contemplated. The frequently announced poisonous impacts of these medicines, for example, hepatotoxicity, retinal harm, nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. One of the most broadly examined drugs is favipiravir. The surface collaboration of favipiravir with organometallic composites came about by doping of transition metals of first row of the periodic table was analyzed to choose the most reasonable metallofullerenes for COVID-19 treatment. Some acknowledged pharmacophore edifices of bioactive constituents can be valuable in the explanation of against SARS-CoV-2 particulars. The advantage of utilizing arrangements encompassing phytochemicals is their sky-scraping wellbeing for ill persons and no negative reaction. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were recently affirmed by the USFDA for anaemia therapy and variations have additionally exhibited its effectiveness against viruses in vitro for COVID-19. The adequacy of the Zn2+ salt enhancement could likewise be improved with Nigella sativa as its major bioactive segment would fill in as ionophore to permit Zn2+ to enter pneumocytes-the objective cell for the coronavirus (COVID-19). This review article depicts the utilization of medications, their usefulness and their harmful impacts for COVID-19 patients.
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Satriyani, Nova, Fita Rahmawati, and Tri Murti Andayani. "Perbandingan Angka Kematian Terapi Antiviral Favipiravir dan Remdesivir pada Pasien COVID-19 Di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta." JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) 12, no. 4 (2023): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.77288.
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Antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) is still being studied for its effectivity. The antivirals in the July 3, 2021 edition of the COVID-19 management guidelines, namely favipiravir and remdesivir, are used for moderate, severe and critical degrees. The study compares the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients taking the antivirals favipiravir and remdesivir. This research is a retrospective cohort study conducted at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The data was from the medical records of patients diagnosed with moderate, severe, and critical degrees of COVID-19 treated during the January-December 2021 period. Ninety-nine patients (50.8%) used favipiravir, while 97 patients (49.5%) used remdesivir. Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the relationship between research variables. Study subjects with the highest percentage of age 46-65 years (65%), male sex (54,6%), comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypertension (13,3%), severe degree of severity (60,7%), and viral load CT value ≤ 29 (80,1%), the patient went home alive (61,2%), and died (38,8%). The antivirals did not affect on mortality (p > 0,05). Further research is needed with the same characteristics of the two groups involving factors of degree severity of the disease, co-morbidity, and other medication therapy.
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Janković, Slobodan. "Antiviral therapy of COVID-19." Scripta Medica 51, no. 3 (2020): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed51-28336.
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The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid response to the needs of critically ill patients, and one of the solutions was re-purposing of drugs with wide spectrum of antiviral action for treatment of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The re-purposing characteristically started with outof-label use in single or series of cases, to continue after the first promising results with randomised clinical trials. There are several drugs that are currently tested in ongoing clinical trials: antimalarials hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir/ritonavir, broad spectrum antivirals umifenovir (anti-influenza drug) and favipiravir, antiparasitary drug ivermectin and nucleotide analogue remdesivir. However, up to date only a few trials are completed and published, precluding definitive conclusions about efficacy and safety of these drugs. Until major clinical trials are completed, physicians who decide to use these drugs out-of-label should properly inform their patients of all potential risks and benefits and seek for their consent before administration of the drugs.
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Bosaeed, Mohammad, Ahmad Alharbi, Mohammad Hussein, et al. "Multicentre randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of favipiravir in adults with mild COVID-19." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (2021): e047495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047495.
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IntroductionA novel coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness, termed COVID-19 in December 2019. There is a lack of specific therapeutic agents based on evidence for this novel coronavirus infection; however, several medications have been evaluated as a potential therapy. Therapy is required to treat symptomatic patients and decrease the virus carriage duration to limit the communitytransmission.Methods and analysisWe hypothesise that patients with mild COVID-19 treated with favipiravir will have a shorter duration of time to virus clearance than the control group. The primary outcome is to evaluate the effect of favipiravir on the timing of the PCR test conversion from positive to negative within 15 days after starting the medicine.Adults (>18 years, men or nonpregnant women, diagnosed with mild COVID-19 within 5 days of disease onset) are being recruited by physicians participating from the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs and the Ministry of Health ethics committee approved primary healthcare centres. This double-blind, randomised trial comprises three significant parts: screening, treatment and a follow-up period. The treating physician and patients are blinded. Eligible participants are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the therapy group (favipiravir) or a control group (placebo) with 1800 mg by mouth two times per day for the first day, followed by 800 mg two times per day for 4–7 days. Serial nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples are obtained on day 1 (5 days before therapy). On day5±1 day, 10±1 day, 15±2 days, extra nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal PCR COVID-19 samples are requested.The primary analysis population for evaluating both the efficacy and safety outcomes will be a modified intention to treat population. Anticipating a 10% dropout rate, we expect to recruit 288 subjects per arm. The results assume that the hazard ratio is constant throughout the study and that the Cox proportional hazard regression is used to analyse the data.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre Institutional Review Board (28 April 2020) and the Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board (1 July 2020). Protocol details and any amendments will be reported to https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04464408. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNational Clinical Trial Registry (NCT04464408).
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Aliska, Gestina, Andani Eka Putra, Ricvan Dana Nindrea, Widy Nur Utami, and SM Rezvi. "Clinical Outcome of Antiviral Therapy on COVID-19 Patients." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (2022): 1058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8334.
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BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus-caused pneumonia has been widespread worldwide since the end of 2019. The rapid widespread has prompted the repurposing of drugs based on promising in vitro and therapeutic results with other human coronavirus diseases. These repurposed drugs have mainly included remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavirritonavir, ribavirin, interferons, and hydroxychloroquine. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of any antiviral for 2019-nCoV infection in a national referral hospital. METHODS: This research was a retrospective study to evaluate all antiviral clinical responses used in a national referral hospital. RESULTS: Based on gender, there is a similar frequency from all patients. Hematology, followed by cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, is the most frequent comorbidity. There is no significant difference between the two groups antiviral treatment for a length of stay parameter. The most extended length of stay is 29 days. About 64.5% of patients are cured of SARS-Cov-2 infection. In the remdesivir group, we find that the mortality is significantly high. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcome of these antiviral treatments is similar, except for mortality. The severity of COVID-19 causes differences in mortality.
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Musatov, V. B. "Direct antiviral drugs and blocking monoclonal antibodies as the basis of etiotropic therapy of a novel coronavirus infection." Journal Infectology 14, no. 3 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-3-25-29.
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At the beginning of 2020, a pandemic of a novel coronavirus infection was declared in the world. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the search for drugs for etiotropic therapy as the basis for the treatment of the infectious process has begun. The review provides data on the application points of antiviral activity of drugs, taking into account the life cycle of the etiological agent – the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The mechanisms of drug action on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (molnupiravir, remdesivir, favipiravir) and protease (nirmatrelvir together with ritonavir) SARS-CoV-2 are described. Among of outpatient patients at risk, the use of molnupiravir up to 5 days from the onset of the disease provided a 30% reduction in the risk of hospitalization and an 89% reduction in the risk of death. The use of a 10-day course of remdesivir in inpatient patients led to a reduction in the duration of clinical manifestations by 5 days, and the use of the drug for 3 days on an outpatient basis had a beneficial effect on a group of high-risk patients in the form of a reduction in the risk of hospitalization and death by 87%. Among outpatient patients using favipiravir, the onset of clinical improvement was noted 4 days earlier compared to the control group. The administration of nirmatrelvir in combination with ritonavir on an outpatient basis led to an 89% reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death. The molecular basis and principles of the use of blocking monoclonal antibodies as a fundamentally new group of biological drugs for etiotropic therapy are discussed. Information is provided on the effects of drugs on alpha, beta, gamma, delta and omicron variants of the virus. The profile of drug-drug interaction of drugs and basic therapy is analyzed. Early initiation of etiotropic therapy on an outpatient regime provides a more favorable course of the disease, which is characterized by a shorter duration of clinical manifestations, a reduced risk of hospitalization and the onset of death.
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Sabitov, A. U., Yu B. Khamanova, Yu N. Moskaleva, E. Yu Kamaev, P. L. Kuznetsov, and M. D. Medvedeva. "Dynamics of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels in the Novel Coronavirus Infection COVID-19." Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 69, no. 7-8 (2024): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-7-8-30-36.
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Background. It has been established that metalloproteinase-9 (hereinafter MMP-9) is the most inducible enzyme of the metalloproteinase family. It regulates the migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation, participates in the stimulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions and, thus, can act as an accessible biomarker of pulmonary matrix damage.The aim of the study was to evaluate MPP-9 levels and their relationship with systemic immunity indicators in the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 during treatment with various antiviral drugs.Materials and methods. The study included patients aged 35–69 years (N=25) diagnosed with novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Inpatient Department of the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region City Clinical Hospital No. 40, Yekaterinburg, who were divided into two groups depending on antiviral therapy: group 1 (N=15) received favipiravir, group 2 (N=10) received riamilovir (trade name Triazavirin ®).Results. There was a 2-fold reduction in the duration of dyspnea (P<0.05), catarrhal symptoms — by 2.7 times, fever — by 1.3 times (P<0.05) among patients receiving riamilovir compared to patients receiving favipiravir. Against the background of riamilovir therapy, there was a dynamic increase in the level of leukocytes and CD 3+ lymphocytes by 1.9 times (P<0.05) and an increase in the level of MMP-9 by 3 times (P<0.05) compared to the initial indicators. Correlations were found between the level of MMP-9 and a reduction in the duration of the following clinical manifestations: dyspnea (R=0.5, P<0.001), respiratory failure (R=0.4, P<0.001), fever (R=0.4, P<0.001), as well as the level of lymphocytes (R=0.6, P<0.001), CD 4+ and CD 3+ lymphocytes (R=0.6 (P<0.001) and R=0.7 (P<0.001), respectively).Conclusions. A direct relationship between MMP-9 and clinical manifestations of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, as well as indicators of systemic immunity, has been established.
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Itoh, Kazuhiro, Ippei Sakamaki, Tomoya Hirota, and Hiromichi Iwasaki. "Evaluation of minocycline combined with favipiravir therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A case-series study." Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 28, no. 1 (2022): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2021.09.016.
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Zemskov, D. N., L. A. Balykova, O. A. Radaeva, et al. "CURRENT ASPECTS OF ETIOTROPIC COVID-19 THERAPY." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 10, no. 5 (2022): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-5-432-445.
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Since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated attempts have been made to develop etiotropic therapy for a novel coronavirus infection. Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, etc. derivatives were used as antiviral agents, however, they demonstrated a low efficiency and an insufficient safety. In this connection, other groups of drugs with a more effective and safe pharmacological profile are currently being actively used.The aim of the study was to analyze the literature references on the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs for the COVID-19 treatment.Materials and methods. When searching for the materials for the review article writing, such abstract databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, e-Library were used. The search was carried out on publications for the period from January 2020 to september 2022. The key queries were: COVID-19, etiotropic therapy; immunological drugs; antiviral drugs; interferons.Results. Currently, there are various degrees of effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The review has considered a few groups of drugs that are of interest from the point of view of etiotropic therapy: immunological drugs (anticovid plasma, the drugs based on antiviral antibodies, the drugs of recombinant interferons-α2 and -β1, as well as interferon inducers, i.e., the drugs based on double-stranded RNA sodium salt, and others); drugs that block the penetration of the virus into the cell (umifenovir); the drugs that disrupt the process of the viral replication (favipiravir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir).Conclusion. Synthetic antivirals, in particular favipiravir, molnupiravir, remdesivir, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, have the largest evidence base for their efficacy and safety. The search for new effective and safe etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, as well as the collection and analysis of post-registration data on the drugs already used in clinical practice, continues.
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Muflihah, Heni, Santun Bhekti Rahimah, Tulus Widiyanto, Yeni Mahwati, Thaigarajan Parumasivam, and Herri S. Sastramihardja. "Clinical use of antiviral, antibiotic and immunomodulatory drugs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study in Bandung, Indonesia." F1000Research 10 (October 27, 2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73606.1.
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Background: Evidence of highly effective repurposed drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is insufficient. However, empirical therapy using antiviral, antibiotic and immunomodulatory drugs is massive. Studies evaluating the clinical use of these drugs in Indonesia are sparse. Methods: We performed a retrospective study using medical records of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from July 2020 to March 2021 in Bandung, Indonesia. Data were collected at relevant timelines: age, sex, comorbid condition, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and hematology at admission; antiviral, antibiotic, and immunomodulator treatment during hospitalization; length of stay hospitalization (LOS) and death at discharge. Clinical use of the drug regimens included dose, frequency, and duration of therapy. The main outcome of hospitalization care was LOS and death. Results: Out of 249 patients, 43.3% had a comorbid condition, 74.7% had non-severe COVID-19 (SpO2 ≥ 90%), and almost all received antiviral or antibiotic agents. Remdesivir was the most frequent drug composing various antiviral regimens. Patients receiving a combination of remdesivir and favipiravir had lower SpO2 compared to those receiving oseltamivir (p=0.01). The short LOS was associated with remdesivir alone (p=0.03), the combination of favipiravir and oseltamivir (p=0.01), and the combination of intravenous levofloxacin and ceftriaxone (p<0.0001). Immunomodulatory drugs (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, tocilizumab) were used in 47.1% of patients with low SpO2 (p=0.001). Its use was associated with prolonged LOS (p=0.0043). The increased risk of death in patients treated with the combination of remdesivir and favipiravir (OR 4.1;95%CI 1.4-12.2), and immunomodulatory drugs (OR 6.2; 95%CI 1.7-23.3) was confounded by the baseline characteristics of older age, comorbid condition, SpO2 level, and low lymphocyte number. Conclusions: Some treatment regimens were associated with short LOS, but there were drug regimens which might increase the risk of death. Further study should control the clinical conditions of COVID-19 patients at admission to confirm the outcome of death following drug therapy.
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Muflihah, Heni, Santun Bhekti Rahimah, Tulus Widiyanto, et al. "Clinical use of antiviral, antibiotic and immunomodulatory drugs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study in Bandung, Indonesia." F1000Research 10 (July 28, 2023): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73606.2.
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Background: Evidence of highly effective repurposed drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is insufficient. However, empirical therapy using antiviral, antibiotic and immunomodulatory drugs is massive. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical use of these drugs and the outcome of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study using medical records of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from July 2020 to March 2021 in Bandung, Indonesia. Data were collected at relevant timelines: age, sex, comorbid condition, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2), and hematology at admission; antiviral, antibiotic, and immunomodulator treatment during hospitalization; length of stay hospitalization (LOS) and death at discharge. Clinical use of the drug regimens included dose, frequency, and duration of therapy. The main outcome of hospitalization was LOS and death. Results: Out of 249 patients, 43.3% had a comorbid condition, 74.7% had non-severe COVID-19 (SpO 2 ≥ 90%), and almost all received antiviral or antibiotic agents. Patients receiving a combination of remdesivir and favipiravir had lower SpO 2 compared to those receiving oseltamivir alone (p=0.01). Remdesivir alone and combination of favipiravir and oseltamivir had shorter LOS compared to the other antivirals (p=0.03 and p=0.01 respectively). Immunomodulatory drugs (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, tocilizumab) were prescribed in patients with lower baseline SpO 2 (p=0.001) and resulted ini longer LOS (p=0.0043) compared to those with no immunomodulators. The increased risk of death in patients treated with the combination of remdesivir and favipiravir (OR 4.1;95%CI 1.4-12.2), and immunomodulatory drugs (OR 6.2; 95%CI 1.7-23.3) was confounded by the baseline characteristics of older age, comorbid condition, SpO 2 level, and low lymphocyte number. Conclusions: Some treatment regimens were associated with short LOS, but there were drug regimens which might increase the risk of death. Further study should control the clinical conditions of COVID-19 patients at admission to confirm the outcome of death following drug therapy.
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Sh.A., Kulzhanova, Aukenov N.Е., Konkayeva M.E., et al. "CLINICAL EFFICACY OF THE ANTIVIRAL DRUG FAVIPIRAVIR IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION." Наука и здравоохранение, no. 4(23) (August 31, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34689/sh.2021.23.4.001.
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Introduction. It is known that most patients with COVID-19 have a disease of mild to moderate severity and can be treated at home. A potential etiotropic drug in the treatment of such patients is favipiravir. To finally decide on the inclusion of this drug in the international recommendations for the treatment of COVID-19, further studies are needed to assess its effectiveness and safety in patients with COVID-19. The aim of the study was to study the clinical efficacy of favipiravir in the complex therapy of patients with moderate-severity COVID-19 coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 468 medical records of an inpatient patient with a moderate form of coronavirus infection COVID-19, who were treated at the State Clinical Hospital at the Multi-Specialty Medical Center of the Akimat of Nur-Sultan, the Semey Infectious Diseases Hospital, for the period August-October 2020, was carried out. The experimental (main) group consisted of 40 patients with COVID-19 of moderate severity, who, in addition to standard therapy in accordance with the Clinical Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment "COVID-19 Coronavirus infection (10th edition with changes from 15.07.2020), were prescribed oral favipiravir at a dose of 1600 mg/12 h on day 1, then 600 mg/12 h on the following days, for a total of 7 days. The comparison group (control group) consisted of 40 patients with moderate CVI who did not receive favipiravir. Descriptive statistics were performed with the calculation of the mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) for quantitative variables; percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results and discussion. The present study showed that the early initiation of antiviral therapy with Favipiravir, compared with standard therapy without an antiviral drug, in patients with a moderate form of COVID-19 is associated with a statistically significant clinical improvement and a large percentage of virus elimination from the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract according to molecular genetic research. In the group of patients receiving favipiravir, complete remission of the disease with normalization of the main clinical parameters and the absence of complaints for 7 days of hospitalization was significantly more often than in the comparison group. Conclusions. The results obtained showed that Favipiravir is an effective antiviral drug in the complex treatment of COVID-19 coronavirus infection of moderate severity. Early administration of the drug in patients with a moderate form of the disease can prevent the progression of the disease to a more severe condition and the development of complications that require additional medical interventions. Введение. Известно, что большинство пациентов с COVID-19 имеют заболевание от легкой до средней степени тяжести и могут лечиться дома. Потенциальным этиотропным препаратом в лечении таких пациентов является фавипиравир. Целью исследования было изучить и провести анализ историй болезней пациентов с коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 средней степени тяжести, применявших фавипиравир в комплексной терапии для определения клинической эффективности фавипиравира. Материалы и методы исследования. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 468 медицинских карт стационарного пациента с умеренной формой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, находившегося на лечении в ГКП на ПХВ «Многопрофильном медицинском центре» акимата города Нур-Султана, Инфекционной больнице г. Семей, за период август-октябрь 2020 года. Экспериментальную (основную) группу составили 40 пациентов с COVID-19 средней степени тяжести, которым в дополнение к стандартной терапии в соответствии с Клиническим протоколом диагностики и лечения «Коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19» (10-е издание с изменениями от 15.07.2020) был назначен пероральный фавипиравир в дозе 1600 мг/12 ч в 1-й день, затем 600 мг/12 ч в последующие дни, в общей сложности 7 дней. Группа сравнения (контрольная группа) состояла из 40 пациентов с КВИ средней степени тяжести, которые не получали фавипиравир. Описательная статистика проводилась с расчетом среднего (M) и стандартного отклонения (SD) для количественных переменных; для качественных переменных рассчитывались проценты. Статистический анализ проводился с использованием Microsoft Excel и IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Р <0,05 считался статистически значимым. Результаты и обсуждение. Настоящее исследование показало, что раннее начало противовирусной терапии Фавипиравиром по сравнению со стандартной терапией без противовирусного препарата у пациентов с умеренной формой COVID-19 связано со статистически значимым клиническим улучшением и большим процентом элиминации вируса со слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей по данным молекулярно-генетических исследований. В группе пациентов, получавших фавипиравир, полная ремиссия заболевания с нормализацией основных клинических показателей и отсутствием жалоб в течение 7 дней госпитализации наблюдалась достоверно чаще, чем в группе сравнения. Выводы. Полученные результаты показали, что Фавипиравир является эффективным противовирусным препаратом в комплексном лечении коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 средней степени тяжести. Раннее введение препарата пациентам с умеренной формой заболевания может предотвратить прогрессирование заболевания в более тяжелое состояние и развитие осложнений, требующих дополнительных медицинских вмешательств. Кіріспе. COVID-19 пациенттерінің көпшілігінде жеңілден орташа ауырлыққа дейін ауру бар және оларды үйде емдеуге болатындығы белгілі. Мұндай пациенттерді емдеудегі потенциалды этиотропты препарат фавипиравир болып табылады. Зерттеудің мақсаты фавипиравирдің клиникалық тиімділігін анықтау үшін кешенді терапияда фавипиравирді қолданған орташа ауырлықтағы COVID-19 коронавирустық инфекциясы бар пациенттердің ауру тарихын зерттеу және талдау болды. Зерттеу материалдары мен әдістері. 2020 жылдың тамыз-қазан айлары аралығында Нұр-сұлтан қаласы әкімдігінің ШЖҚ “Көпбейінді медициналық орталық” МКК-да, Семей қаласының жұқпалы аурулар ауруханасында емделіп жатқан COVID-19 коронавирустық инфекциясының орташа нысаны бар стационарлық пациенттің 468 медициналық картасына ретроспективті талдау жүргізілді. Эксперименттік (негізгі) топты ауырлығы орташа дәрежедегі COVID-19 бар 40 пациент құрады, оларға “COVID-19 Коронавирустық инфекциясын” диагностикалау мен емдеудің клиникалық хаттамасына (15.07.2020 жылғы өзгерістерімен 10-шы басылым) сәйкес стандартты терапияға қосымша 1-ші күні 1600 мг/12 сағ, одан кейін 600 мг/12 сағ дозада, жалпы алғанда 7 күн ішінде пероральді фавипиравир тағайындалды. Салыстыру тобы (бақылау тобы) фавипиравир алмаған 40 орташа КВИ пациенттерінен тұрды. Сипаттамалық статистика сандық айнымалылар үшін орташа (M) және стандартты ауытқуды (SD) есептеумен жүргізілді; сапалық айнымалылар үшін пайыздар есептелді. Статистикалық талдау Microsoft Excel және IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 көмегімен жүргізілді. P <0,05 статистикалық маңызды болып саналды. Нәтижелер мен талқылау. Осы зерттеу COVID-19 орташа нысаны бар пациенттерде вирусқа қарсы препаратсыз стандартты терапиямен салыстырғанда Фавипиравирмен вирусқа қарсы терапияның ерте басталуы статистикалық маңызды клиникалық жақсарумен және молекулалық-генетикалық зерттеулерге сәйкес жоғарғы тыныс жолдарының шырышты қабаттарынан вирустың жойылуының үлкен пайызымен байланысты екенін көрсетті. Фавипиравир қабылдаған пациенттер тобында негізгі клиникалық көрсеткіштердің қалыпқа келуімен және ауруханаға жатқызудың 7 күні ішінде шағымдардың болмауымен аурудың толық ремиссиясы салыстыру тобына қарағанда едәуір жиі байқалды. Тұжырымдар. Алынған нәтижелер Фавипиравирдің орташа ауырлықтағы COVID-19 коронавирустық инфекциясын кешенді емдеуде тиімді вирусқа қарсы препарат екенін көрсетті. Препаратты аурудың орташа формасы бар науқастарға ертерек енгізу аурудың неғұрлым ауыр жағдайға түсуіне және қосымша медициналық араласуды қажет ететін асқынулардың дамуына жол бермейді.
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Omelyanovskiy, Vitaly Vladimirovich, Artem Alekseevich Antonov, Tatiana Pavlovna Bezdenezhnykh, and Georgii Rubenovich Khachatryan. "Current Research Data on Drug Therapy for Novel Coronavirus Associated Disease (COVID-19): Systematic Review." Medical Technologies. Assessment and Choice (Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор), no. 1 (39) (May 1, 2020): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31556/2219-0678.2020.39.1.008-018.
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Objective: to analyze clinical studies of drugs used for COVID-19 prevention and treatment and to identify ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCT) of drugs used for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Methods. A systematic search of completed clinical studies was performed in MedLine database and in reference lists of the articles found. Ongoing RCT were looked for in clinicaltrials.gov; also the search was made in Google Scholar. Result. Drugs that are currently used for COVID-19 were assessed in 18 completed clinical studies of other infections, e.g. other coronaviruses and Ebola virus. 15 completed published studies were devoted to their use for COVID-19. Case series reports where COVID-19 drug therapy is mentioned, are cited as well. 41 RCT of COVID-19 therapy were registered in clinicaltrials.gov. Remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir are studied most often. Still the results of the completed studies cannot justify confidently the recommendation to use any of the drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Conclusion. Currently there is no clinical evidence to reliably support any of the drug’s efficacy for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, a lot of RCT are expected to be completed in the nearest future.
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Kuznetsova, Olga Yu. "Etiotropic therapy of the new coronavirus infection: expectations and realities at the beginning of 2022. Part 1." Russian Family Doctor 26, no. 1 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd101316.
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The review includes an analysis of the latest literature data on the etiotropic therapy of a new coronavirus infection. The search for an effective antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection is ongoing. Often, the urgent need for an antiviral drug was a pretext for testing drugs without pharmacological justification, bypassing the generally accepted procedure for conducting multi-stage clinical trials. In this regard, many clinical trials involving thousands of patients did not demonstrate the high efficacy and safety of drugs that were chosen as etiotropic therapy. In this review, we focused on the efficacy and safety of those drugs that have been studied in sufficient detail, which are reflected in international publications, and are also included in Russian guidelines for use on an outpatient practice: favipiravir and molnupiravir. The mechanism of action of antiviral drugs, their effectiveness and possible side effects were studied in clinical trials, the results of which are in the open press, which made it possible to analyze these drugs in terms of the appropriateness of their use in real clinical practice.
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Costanzo, Michele, Maria Anna Rachele De Giglio, and Giovanni Nicola Roviello. "SARS-CoV-2: Recent Reports on Antiviral Therapies Based on Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Darunavir/Umifenovir, Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Favipiravir and other Drugs for the Treatment of the New Coronavirus." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 27 (2020): 4536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200416131117.
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Here we report on the most recent updates on experimental drugs successfully employed in the treatment of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also referred to as COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-19). In particular, several cases of recovered patients have been reported after being treated with lopinavir/ritonavir [which is widely used to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection] in combination with the anti-flu drug oseltamivir. In addition, remdesivir, which has been previously administered to Ebola virus patients, has also proven effective in the U.S. against coronavirus, while antimalarial chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir and co-administered darunavir and umifenovir (in patient therapies) were also recently recorded as having anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. Since the recoveries/deaths ratio in the last weeks significantly increased, especially in China, it is clear that the experimental antiviral therapy, together with the availability of intensive care unit beds in hospitals and rigorous government control measures, all play an important role in dealing with this virus. This also stresses the urgent need for the scientific community to devote its efforts to the development of other more specific antiviral strategies.
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Yadav, Ankush, Shubhangi Singh, Vivek Srivastava, et al. "A Review Article on Vaccine Development and Therapeutics Approach Against SARS-CoV-2." Open COVID Journal 1, no. 1 (2021): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666958702101010117.
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In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) unleashed an unprecedented and unanticipated pandemic, causing widespread concern. More than three million deaths have been documented since the first incidence of COVID-19 discovered in China. Several arduous efforts have been made by the governments of various countries worldwide to prevent and control the SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review article discusses an update on all kinds of therapeutic interventions currently applied or developed to treat SARS-CoV-2 condition, including the repurposing of drugs such as Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Ivermectin, etc. We also discuss CRISPR’s potential involvement in antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma therapy, and immunomodulators in combination to tackle the cytokine storms and present a comprehensive overview on many vaccines that have been created to date or are under trials, as well as their platforms and efficacy. Moreover, this article also discusses the mechanism of action of every therapeutic intervention.
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Yulianti, Yulianti, Sri Mulyati, and Teti Desyani. "Penerapan Stacking untuk Optimasi Model Diagnosa Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19)." Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi dan Aplikasi 7, no. 2 (2024): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/jtsi.v7i2.38936.
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Laboratory test results in COVID-19 patients are not specific, but lymphopenia, increased lactate dehydrogenase and increased aminotransferases are often found. Meanwhile, chest imaging examination can show a picture of pneumonia. Until now, there has been no specific therapy in the treatment of COVID-19. There are two of the largest studies on COVID-19 therapy which are currently still running globally. Studies show that the antiviral favipiravir, remdesivir, and tocilizumab may have some benefits for treating COVID-19, and their use has been approved in Indonesia. There have been many diagnostic methods using machine learning that are used to detect whether someone has COVID-19 or not. However, the accuracy of the test may vary depending on when your sample was taken during the course of your disease. If you get tested too soon after exposure to COVID-19, there may not be enough virus in your body to get an accurate result. If this was the case at the time of the test, your test may come back negative, even if you do have the virus. This will be considered a 'false negative' test. It is important to understand that healthcare professionals consider a number of factors in making a diagnosis of COVID-19. In this study using the experimental method by making applications to implement the proposed algorithm. Then test the model using a secondary dataset downloaded from Kaggle and measure the performance of the model.
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Ayu Nissa Ainni, Chondrosuro Miyarso, Anwar Sodik, and Vinca Elyana Purwanti. "Profile Study of Drug and Supplement Use in COVID-19 January 2022 – December 2022 at the Purworejo Regional Hospital." Jurnal EduHealth 14, no. 3 (2023): 1248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54209/jurnaleduhealth.v14i3.2518.
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Coronavirus 19 or known as COVID-19 is a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Treatment for COVID-19 is still in the form of supportive therapy and symptomatic therapy. In addition, the use of drugs is more on the complaints felt by patients and comorbidities. This study aims to look at the profile of drug and supplement use in COVID-19 patients at Hospital X, Purworejo area. This research is included in descriptive research with retrospective data collection. The data for this study consisted of all prescriptions and medical records of COVID-19 patients for the January-December 2022 period who met the inclusion criteria. The results of collecting data on COVID-19 patients who met the inclusion criteria obtained 100 medical record data. The characteristics of COVID-19 patients at Hospital X Purworejo area are dominated by men, in the age group over 65 years, with patients who have a history of comorbid pneumonia, and length of stay of more than 5 days. The results of the treatment profile of COVID-19 patients based on supportive therapy found the most use of antivirals, namely Favipiravir 97 (13.05%), use of antibiotics, namely ceftriaxone 31 (4.18%), use of vitamins 109% (72.97%), use of antihypertensive drugs 49 (6.61%), and based on symptomatic therapy according to frequent symptoms, 51 (6.88%) analgesics and antipyretics were found, 91 mucolytics (12.28%), 69 digestive disorders (9.31%).
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Vatsha, Piyush, Gyan Vardhan, Tanuja Kumari, Navjot Kanwar, Abhinav Kanwal, and Rahul Deshmukh. "Efficacy and safety of remdesivir and favipiravir in COVID-19 patients – A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 14, no. 5 (2025): 1604–16. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1694_24.
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ABSTRACT Coronavirus-2019 (Covid-19) has led to a severe medical, social and economic crisis globally. The use of antivirals has given inconsistent results; thus, systematic summaries of available evidence may help us to understand its effectiveness. The current investigation was planned to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of antivirals for Covid-19. Using ‘MeSH’ term databases were searched on Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, OVID, Cochrane Library, and Limits- English Language only. Title/abstract screening, full-text screening and data extraction were carried out by three authors. Pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method of random effects for meta-analysis. Ten studies were found eligible for inclusion: randomized controlled trials Moderate-quality evidence suggests a likely clinical benefit from the use of remdesivir in improving the number of recoveries (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.23–1.74; I2=0%). A possibility of a higher mortality rate is also suggested by high-quality evidence with remdesivir (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.57–1.05, I2=14%). Favipiravir also showed patient’s higher mortality outcome (OR 0.69;95% CI 0.24-2.01, I2 = 0%). Although the need for oxygen therapy (OR 0.70 95% CI 0.40-1.23; I2= 72%) was highly significant p < 0.001** and Remdesivir/Favipiravir was determined to be beneficial overall for male gender data across all studies (OR 0.77; 95% CI;0.37-1.60;I2=90%) and highly significant P < 0.0001***. Worsening of comorbidities (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.81-1.08; I2= 0%), Ferritin level measured (OR-19.80 95% CI -56.51-16.92; I2 = 0 %) and Transferred to ICU/ Mechanical Ventilation (OR 0.85 95% CI 0.25 -2.91; I2 = 52 %) were observed in both the anti-viral. This meta-analysis found mixed efficacy for Remdesivir and negative outcomes for Favipiravir.
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Hadj Hassine, Ikbel, Manel Ben M’hadheb, and Luis Menéndez-Arias. "Lethal Mutagenesis of RNA Viruses and Approved Drugs with Antiviral Mutagenic Activity." Viruses 14, no. 4 (2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040841.
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In RNA viruses, a small increase in their mutation rates can be sufficient to exceed their threshold of viability. Lethal mutagenesis is a therapeutic strategy based on the use of mutagens, driving viral populations to extinction. Extinction catastrophe can be experimentally induced by promutagenic nucleosides in cell culture models. The loss of HIV infectivity has been observed after passage in 5-hydroxydeoxycytidine or 5,6-dihydro-5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine while producing a two-fold increase in the viral mutation frequency. Among approved nucleoside analogs, experiments with polioviruses and other RNA viruses suggested that ribavirin can be mutagenic, although its mechanism of action is not clear. Favipiravir and molnupiravir exert an antiviral effect through lethal mutagenesis. Both drugs are broad-spectrum antiviral agents active against RNA viruses. Favipiravir incorporates into viral RNA, affecting the G→A and C→U transition rates. Molnupiravir (a prodrug of β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine) has been recently approved for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Its triphosphate derivative can be incorporated into viral RNA and extended by the coronavirus RNA polymerase. Incorrect base pairing and inefficient extension by the polymerase promote mutagenesis by increasing the G→A and C→U transition frequencies. Despite having remarkable antiviral action and resilience to drug resistance, carcinogenic risks and genotoxicity are important concerns limiting their extended use in antiviral therapy.
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Hirayu, Nobuhisa, Atsuo Nakamura, Toshio Morita, and Osamu Takasu. "Pharmacokinetics of Teicoplanin in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Receiving Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation." Journal of Critical Care Medicine 8, no. 4 (2022): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2022-0021.
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Abstract Introduction Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving ventilation or pulmonary support via veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) can be infected with drug-resistant bacteria. When introducing VV-ECMO, the changes in serum antibiotic concentration should be considered due to an increased volume of distribution (Vd). However, no pharmacokinetic study has assessed teicoplanin (TEIC) treatment in patients with COVID-19 receiving VV-ECMO. Case presentation A 71-year-old man diagnosed with COVID-19 visited a primary hospital. His oxygenation conditions worsened despite treatment with favipiravir and methylprednisolone as well as oxygen therapy. After his transfer to our center, tracheal intubation and steroid pulse therapy were initiated. Seven days after admission, VV-ECMO was performed. TEIC was administered for secondary bacterial infection. The serum TEIC concentration remained within the therapeutic range, indicating that VV-ECMO did not significantly affect TEIC pharmacokinetics. VV-ECMO was discontinued 17 days after admission. However, he developed multi-organ disorder and died 42 days after admission. Conclusion As TEIC prevents viral invasion, it may be used with ECMO in patients with COVID-19 requiring ventilation; however, the altered pharmacokinetics of TEIC, such as increased Vd, should be considered. Therefore, TEIC pharmacokinetics in VV-ECMO should be assessed in future studies with an appropriate number of patients.