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1

Sorrentino, Richard M., Yang Ye, and Andrew C. H. Szeto. "Uncertainty Management: To Fear of Not to Fear?" Psychological Inquiry 20, no. 4 (December 11, 2009): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10478400903333528.

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2

Sherman, Ledric D., and Joni S. Williams. "Perspectives of Fear as a Barrier to Self-Management in Non-Hispanic Black Men With Type 2 Diabetes." Health Education & Behavior 45, no. 6 (April 3, 2018): 987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118763938.

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Background. Self-managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is critical but often challenging for non-Hispanic Black (NHB) men. Fears may contribute to poor self-management; however, the evidence is sparse. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between fear and diabetes self-management in NHB men from the southern United States. Methods. Nineteen NHB men with T2D were recruited from barbershops and churches. Interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide. Transcripts were analyzed using a phenomenological approach and focused on identifying common themes describing the perceptions of fear as a barrier to self-managing T2D in the study participants. Results. More than 68% of the sample was >55 years of age, where 42% reported an annual income of ≥$100,000, 74% were married, and 26% had a college degree. Fifty-three percent expressed fear with diabetes management, while 47% reported no fears with diabetes management. Direct fears associated with self-management included the use of needles and syringes for self-monitoring and medication adherence, respectively. Indirect fears were associated with the development of adverse complications resulting in poor mental and physical quality of life. No fears were reported secondary to diabetes knowledge, perceived control, and social support. Conclusions. In this sample of NHB men, fear was perceived by many as a direct barrier to self-management and an indirect barrier to optimal quality of life. These findings suggest the need to address the fears of NHB men when guiding treatment and developing research interventions to improve self-management skills.
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3

BROCK, RICHARD. "Beyond Fear." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 19, no. 3 (March 1988): 46???48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-198803000-00012.

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4

Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, and Adesegun Fatusi. "Effect of psychological management techniques on specific item score change during the management of dental fear in children." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 29, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.29.4.d431t7024u4037u6.

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The aim of the study is to determine how specific fear inducing items contribute to the overall dental fear level in Nigerian children. In addition, it looks at the specific changes that psychological management produces on each item and how variables like age, gender and type of treatment received contribute to these specific changes observed. The dental fear level of 75 children, who were attending the dental clinic for the first time were assessed pre and post-treatment using the short form of the dental subscale of the child fear survey schedule. During treatment, the children were managed using various forms of psychological management strategies. The effect of age and the gender of the children on the dental fear level were analyzed. The effect of the type of treatment received, categorized into either invasive or non-invasive, on the dental fear level was also determined. Results showed that with the use of psychological management strategies, dental fear level of the children decreased significantly post treatment (13.45 vs 12.59; p=0.009). However, no statistically significant difference was noted in the dental fear scores based on age, gender and type of treatment received. On the other hand, the aggregate scores for each of the possible fear inducing items highlighted in the psychometric scale varied and so did the effectiveness of psychological techniques in significantly reducing dental fear scores for each of the items. Age, gender and type of treatment did have significant effect on the fear level changes that occur with specific items. It was concluded that although a significant change occurred in the dental fear level score of the child post management with psychological techniques, this does not necessarily translate to significant changes in the scores for each fear inducing item assessed by the psychometric scale. Age, gender and the type of treatment the child received also influence the change that could occur for each item. The dental fear level of the children decreased significantly post treatment (13.45 vs 12.59; p=0.009).
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5

Gonzales, Michael. "Fear and Loathing in Project Management." EDPACS 29, no. 8 (February 2002): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/1079/43280.29.8.20020304/35210.3.

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6

Ábrahám, Rita, Lajos Kemény, and Zsanett Renáta Csoma. "To fear or not to fear – Management strategies of neonatal skin conditions." Bőrgyógyászati és Venerológiai Szemle 94, no. 1 (March 9, 2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7188/bvsz.2018.94.1.2.

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7

J, Subramanian. "Change Management." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2003): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.3.7.

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Change is dynamic and positive in nature. Change pre-supposes stability and growth. Identifying and implementing right changes at the right time is the challenging task of modern management. Any change emulates resistance due to inherent inertia and fear. Change agents' job is to eliminate the fear and instill confidence to successfully implant the change. Change management is the art of blending the diverse responses with the discrete organizational goals in an ever-changing business environment. Change management is never a one shot replacement but a sequenced stage by stage progress towards elimination of resistance in favor of the change objective.
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8

Good, Megan C., and Michael R. Hyman. "Protection motivation theory and brick-and-mortar salespeople." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48, no. 8 (June 7, 2020): 865–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-05-2019-0155.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply protection motivation theory (PMT) to brick-and-mortar salespeople's responses to customers' fear appeals.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is to develop a conceptual model for the effect of customers' fear appeals on brick-and-mortar salespeople.FindingsPMT relates to the influence of customers' fear appeals on brick-and-mortar salespeople's behaviours. The salesperson's decision whether to follow a retail manager's suggestion about ways to mitigate a customer's fear appeal depends on believed threat severity, believed threat susceptibility, response efficacy, self-efficacy and response costs.Research limitations/implicationsPMT is applied to a new domain: brick-and-mortar salespeople. Although a powerful yet universal emotion, only limited research has examined fear within this group.Practical implicationsUnderstanding salespeople's fears will help retail managers identify strategies for encouraging adaptive behaviours and deterring maladaptive behaviours by salespeople.Originality/valueA model relating customers' fear appeals to salespeople's behaviours is introduced.
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9

Kupietz, PhD, Kevin, and Lesley Gray, MPH. "Fear, history, stigma, and bias in the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0541.

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Introduction: The greatest enemy of a global pandemic is not the virus itself, but the fear, rumor, and stigma that envelopes people. This article explores the context and history of fear and stigma relating to pandemic, summarizing key actions to mitigate the harms during an active pandemic.Method: Our article draws from accounts in literature and journalist accounts documenting the relationship between infectious diseases and major disease outbreaks that have garnered fear and stigmatization. Results: Fear, stigma, and discrimination are not new concepts for pandemics. These social effects run the risk of diverting attention from the presenting disease and government responses. Reactions to fear, stigma, and discrimination risk sabotaging effective efforts to contain, manage, and eradicate the disease.Conclusion: Emergency managers have an important role in dispelling myths, disseminating appropriate and evidence-based information without exacerbating fears. Knowledge about the roots of fear and bias along with a good understanding of historical plagues and pandemics is vital to ensure those in the field of emergency management can effectively manage irrational fears.
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10

Herrin, Donna M. "When nurses fear." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 32, no. 4 (April 2001): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-200104000-00009.

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11

Singh, Prakash. "Fear Abounds In The Educational Environment: Teachers Professional Competencies In The Management Of Knowledge." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2013): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i6.7873.

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The introduction of the outcomes-based education (OBE) approach in South Africanschools over a decade ago led to a discrepancy between the teachers knowledgeof the traditional curriculum and the curriculum based on OBE principles. Adoption of the OBE approach was not an easypassage for most teachers to manage knowledge in education in South Africa.Lack of resources and inadequate professional development and training were -and still are - one of the major challenges facing teachers in transforming theeducational system. Not having the capacity to usher in the changes at the classroomlevel has led to untold levels of anxiety, stress and tension within theteaching community. These developments contributed to the existence of a phobiain the educational environment; namely, Tobephobia (TBP). In this paper, TBPalludes to the fear of failure experienced by teachers to achieve plannededucational outcomes. Therefore, this exploratory research examined thequestion, What is the impact of TBP and OBE on teachers? A survey wasconducted amongst 311 teachers in Port Elizabeth and Durban, South Africa. The resultsconfirm the very negative impact of TBP and OBE on teachers. Associated withthis finding are the high levels of anxiety, stress, and the fear of theoutcomes in education experienced by these teachers. In dealing with TBP, it isof vital importance that teachers become aware of their fears, identify theirways in which they express fear, recognise the situations that trigger fear anduse appropriate strategies to reduce fear and stress in their lives.
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Dallaway, Eleanor. "Chasing fear." Infosecurity 5, no. 5 (July 2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1754-4548(08)70064-0.

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Dallaway, Eleanor. "The fear." Infosecurity 6, no. 6 (September 2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1742-6847(09)70001-1.

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14

Lipley, Nick. "Nursing director accused of ‘management by fear’." Nursing Standard 13, no. 39 (June 16, 1999): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.39.6.s13.

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15

Cohen, Fred. "Managing network security — The management of fear." Network Security 1998, no. 2 (February 1998): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(97)83134-0.

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16

Van Swaaningen, René. "Public safety and the management of fear." Theoretical Criminology 9, no. 3 (August 2005): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480605054812.

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17

Childs, Lorraine, and Ian I. Kneebone. "Falls, fear of falling and psychological management." British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 9, no. 6 (June 2002): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjtr.2002.9.6.13636.

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18

Corah, Norman L., Robert M. O’Shea, and William A. Ayer. "Dentists’ management of patients’ fear and anxiety." Journal of the American Dental Association 110, no. 5 (May 1985): 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1985.0427.

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19

Charon, Richard, and Chris Charon. "Management of dental fear, anxiety and phobia." Dental Nursing 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2014): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2014.10.7.378.

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20

Mills, D., and N. Cracknell. "Management of fear of fireworks in dogs." Veterinary Record 157, no. 18 (October 29, 2005): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.157.18.564.

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21

Lungford, John W., and Kenneth J. Huffman. "Fear and ferment: public Sector management today." Canadian Public Administration/Administration publique du Canada 29, no. 4 (December 1986): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-7121.1986.tb00182.x.

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22

Gadbury-Amyot, Cynthia C., and Karen B. Williams. "Dental Hygiene Fear: Gender and Age Differences." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 1, no. 2 (1999): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-1-2-1.

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Abstract Studies aimed at examining gender and age differences as they relate to dental anxiety have begun to appear in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to explore fear and anxiety in a dental hygiene setting and evaluate gender and age differences among four sub-scales of dental hygiene fear. The Dental Hygiene Fear Survey (DHFS) was developed to address patient reaction to dental hygiene treatment. The University of Washington Dental Fears Model was the theoretical model used for it identifies four domains of dental fear: fear of specific stimuli, generalized anxiety, fear of catastrophe, and distrust. Males and females respond differently to dental hygiene treatment with women reporting significantly (p<.05) greater fear overall than males. Examination of the four dental hygiene fear sub-scales show that females report greater fear (p<.05) in relation to specific fear and generalized anxiety. There were no significant differences across age categories on total fear scores or within any of the sub-scales. Characterization of the dental hygiene fear patient along with knowledge of procedures that elicit anxiety can assist the practitioner in recognizing dental hygiene-related fear. With this foundation, the practitioner can then develop management strategies specific to this phenomenon.
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23

Cochrane, Lucy, and Pascale Quester. "Fear in Advertising." Journal of International Consumer Marketing 17, no. 2-3 (June 7, 2005): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j046v17n02_02.

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24

Acharya, Sonu. "Behavior management in Pediatric Dentistry during and after Corona pandemic." Contemporary Pediatric Dentistry 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51463/cpd.2020.17.

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Children are not miniature adults. They should be treated as different entity and not just as adults who are shortened. Children have their own apprehensions and fear. The most commonly encountered is the fear of the unknown. Fear is something which is innate and inborn. Fear of dentistry is there in every individual, whether young or old. This is mostly subjective in nature. Children show exaggerated fear for dentistry as this is something new to them. The pediatric dentists are trained in behavior management for reducing fear. There have been many methods, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological for behavior management in children. The pediatric dentists were able to apply one or the other behavior management techniques till now. Sudden appearance of a pandemic caused by nCOV-2 (coronavirus) changed everything. The change in practice pattern is bound to effect all the dental patients, more so the children. Here we will discuss how the behavior management techniques will change for children and how we can get some newer methods to reduce the fear.
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25

Manoah, J. John Sunil. "The Art of Fear Management for the Betterment of Success." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455-2526) 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v6.n1.p7.

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<div><p><em>Fear is common in humans as well as in animals, it stays somewhere in the 5<sup>th</sup> sense of mind which is been stimulated by hormones and cells of the brain, hence brain is the vital tool that generates the fear. Literary meaning for fear is stated as an alert by our brain about the occurrence of danger and predicament. Fear is a regular property of the people those who have desire for living, no age factor or maturity has got to do with it, it applies even to a just born child and to the people of old age.Fear is most common among the theist than the atheist, since faith is source to trigger the fear. The people those who don’t believe in the external force are less in numbers as a victim of fear.It has got a major role to play in one’s success, since the impact of fear will block one’s success and stops them to move forward. In this article I write about how to manage the fear within ourselves which I firmly believe will essentially lead us to unstoppable success.</em></p></div>
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Baker, Jenny. "Fear of flying." Rural Society 20, no. 1 (December 2010): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.20.1.21.

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TYE, JOE. "Never Fear, Never Quit." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 28, no. 7 (July 1997): 38???40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199707010-00011.

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DROZEN, Frantisek, and Rudolf BRABECK. "CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION: MENTAL STRESS IN MANAGEMENT." ASEJ Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4306.

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Due to mass consolidation and permanent restructuring of process flows in a global context, people are increasingly falling into routine and predetermined life patterns. In management and leadership the feeling of fear often appears alongside stress and anxiety. In this context, the paper highlights fear and stress prevention strategies to be used in work environment.
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Hunt, David M., and Omar Shehryar. "Integrating Terror Management Theory into Fear Appeal Research." Social and Personality Psychology Compass 5, no. 6 (June 2011): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00354.x.

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Notcutt, W., and G. Gibbs. "Inadequate pain management: myth, stigma and professional fear." Postgraduate Medical Journal 86, no. 1018 (August 1, 2010): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2008.077677.

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FUNG, ELIZABETH. "Psychosocial management of fear of needles in children." Haemophilia 15, no. 2 (March 2009): 635–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.01996_8.x.

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32

Mercer, David. "Fear of the future – a new management approach." Management Decision 39, no. 8 (October 2001): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740110399576.

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Davidson, Robert S., and Page B. Walley. "Computer Fear and Addiction:." Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 6, no. 3-4 (April 17, 1985): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j075v06n03_03.

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34

Jones, Patrick. "Nothing to Fear." Collection Management 25, no. 4 (July 30, 2001): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j105v25n04_02.

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35

Maizeray, Lidwine, and Anne Janand. "Seneca: appeasing the sting of management fears." Society and Business Review 10, no. 2 (July 13, 2015): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-05-2015-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look beyond the classic literature on managerial “best practices”, standards, organizational behavior and ready-made managerial discourses, and which have tended to deny the role of fear as a major issue in today’s modern enterprise. Lessons from Seneca allow us to understand how the phenomenon of fear, which has largely been hushed up by organizational culture, can be demystified and brought into the open. Design/methodology/approach – The aim is to prod further thinking, after the example of Seneca’s stingray, about the dominant ideology of management, which is under threat from four factors that have been allowed to spread like a numbing toxin. Findings – Seneca’s philosophy, then, should be viewed as rich in insight into how today’s disquieted managers might find peace of mind. Originality/value – Seneca asks us to consider fear as far more detrimental than the very adversities that we try to keep at bay. That does not mean we ought to deny fear, but, rather, attempt to better understand its inevitability, and hold it in check. No good can come from rushing headlong toward doom, in anticipation of ills that will not necessarily materialize, or, in any event, whose occurrence is beyond our control.
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Martyn-Nemeth, Pamela, Jennifer Duffecy, Cynthia Fritschi, and Laurie Quinn. "Challenges Imposed By Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes." Clinical Nursing Research 28, no. 8 (May 6, 2018): 947–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773818774702.

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Little is known regarding how hypoglycemia and associated fears influence day-to-day life among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) who use contemporary diabetes management strategies. To address this gap, we performed an exploratory qualitative study with five focus groups of 30 people aged 20 to 57 years with T1DM. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed, and then analyzed. Eight themes emerged: (a) hypoglycemic worry, (b) unpredictability and loss of control, (c) contending with life stress, (d) exercise benefits and challenges, (e) a changed relationship with food, (f) sleep fears, (g) a love/hate relationship with technology, and (h) coping strategies to make it better. Fear of hypoglycemia, diabetes management, and work demands confer a high degree of stress. Challenges surround food, exercise, and sleep. Technology is important but does not relieve fear of hypoglycemia. Developing strong coping skills and creating a safety net of support are necessary.
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George, Steven Z., Joel E. Bialosky, and Julie M. Fritz. "Physical Therapist Management of a Patient With Acute Low Back Pain and Elevated Fear-Avoidance Beliefs." Physical Therapy 84, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/84.6.538.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. Elevated fear-avoidance beliefs are believed to be a precursor of chronic disability, yet effective intervention options have not been described in the literature. The purpose of this case report is to describe physical therapist management of a patient with acute low back pain and elevated fear-avoidance beliefs. Case Description. The patient was a 42-year-old sales manager with acute low back pain. The patient had no previous history of activity-limiting low back pain and initially had limitations in straight leg raising, limitations in lumbar movement, and elevated fear-avoidance beliefs. Intervention. Treatment-based classification and graded exercise were used. Outcome. Disability, fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain decreased 4 weeks after starting physical therapy. Six months later, disability and fear-avoidance beliefs had increased, but were still improved when compared with the initial measurements. Discussion. Disability and fear-avoidance beliefs improved following a fear-avoidance-based physical therapy intervention. Research is warranted to investigate the effectiveness of this approach.
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Mendonça, Vitor, Thomas Gallagher, and Nicholas Hendryx. "Medical error: concept, characterization and management." Saúde e Sociedade 28, no. 4 (December 2019): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902019180105.

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Abstract The objective of this study is to better understand the tensions involved in the fear of making an error due to the harm and risk this would pose to those involved. This is a qualitative study based on the narratives of the experiences lived by ten acting physicians in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The concept and characterization of errors were discussed, as well as the fear of making an error, the near misses or error in itself, how to deal with errors and what to do to avoid them. The analysis indicates an excessive pressure in the medical profession for error-free practices, with a well-established physician-patient relationship to facilitate the management of medical errors. The error occurs but the lack of information and discussion often leads to its concealment due to fear of possible judgment by society or peers. The establishment of programs that encourage appropriate medical conduct in the event of an error requires coherent answers for humanization in Brazilian medical science.
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Wissema, Johan. "Fear of change? A myth!" Journal of Change Management 1, no. 1 (March 2000): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714042454.

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Jones, Ken. "Fear of emotions." Simulation & Gaming 35, no. 4 (December 2004): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878104269893.

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Wrenn, Mary. "Fear and Institutions." Journal of Economic Issues 47, no. 2 (June 2013): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/jei0021-3624470211.

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42

Lim, Heejin, Moonhee Cho, and Sergio C. Bedford. "You Shall (Not) Fear." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 23, no. 4 (September 19, 2019): 628–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-10-2018-0135.

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Purpose In the age of transparency, nonprofit organizations have attempted to raise awareness of unethical business practices through diverse social media platforms, putting firms under great pressure to incorporate sustainability in their operations. Focusing on the issue of animal cruelty which is a relatively under-investigated topic in the fashion industry, the purpose of this paper is to examine how different levels of animal cruelty depicted in nonprofit organizations’ ethical consumption campaigns influence viewers’ negative emotions and lead to their supportive behavior and ethical consumption intention. Design/methodology/approach In the main study, undergraduate students (n=82) from a big public University in the USA were recruited in exchange for extra credit and randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions of animal cruelty in a single-factor, three-level, between-subjects experimental design: non-threatening condition (n=26), low-threatening condition (n=27) and high-threatening condition (n=29). Findings The results indicated that the levels of negative emotional arousal are positively related to levels of perceived animal cruelty in social media campaigns. In addition, negative emotional arousal mediates the effect of perceived animal cruelty on the intention of supportive behavior, but no mediation effect on ethical consumption intention was found. Additionally, the findings of this study revealed that the indirect effect of perceived animal cruelty on supportive behavior intention is moderated by participants’ moral justification such as the reality of economic development and government dependency. Originality/value The findings of this study contribute to the literature by advancing the current understanding of the role of negative emotional images in ethical consumption campaigns in the context of animal cruelty in the fashion industry.
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Gill, Michael J., and Robin Burrow. "The Function of Fear in Institutional Maintenance: Feeling frightened as an essential ingredient in haute cuisine." Organization Studies 39, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840617709306.

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Fear is a common and powerful emotion that can regulate behaviour. Yet institutional scholars have paid limited attention to the function of fear in processes of institutional reproduction and stability. Drawing on an empirical study of elite chefs within the institution of haute cuisine, this article finds that the multifaceted emotion of fear characterized their experiences and served to sustain their institution. Chefs’ individual feelings of fear prompted conformity and a cognitive constriction, which narrowed their focus on to the precise reproduction of traditional practices while also limiting challenges to the norms underpinning the institution. Through fear work, chefs used threats and violence to connect individual experiences of fear to the violation of institutionalized rules, sustaining the conditions in which fear-driven maintenance work thrived. The study also suggests that fear is a normative element of haute cuisine in its own right, where the very experience and eliciting of fear preserved an essential institutional ingredient. In this way, emotions such as fear do not just accompany processes of institutionalization but can be intimately involved in the performance and maintenance of institutions.
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Latour, Michael S., and Herbert J. Rotfeld. "There are Threats and (Maybe) Fear-Caused Arousal: Theory and Confusions of Appeals to Fear and Fear Arousal Itself." Journal of Advertising 26, no. 3 (October 1997): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1997.10673528.

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Bowles, Betty Carlson. "Promoting Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: Fear Appeals in Breastfeeding Management." Clinical Lactation 2, no. 1 (March 2011): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/215805311807011782.

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Lactation consultants (LC) often use fear appeals when providing anticipatory guidance to mothers about breastfeeding. We mention that improper positioning or latch-on can lead to sore nipples or fissures, or that inadequate or irregular emptying can lead to plugged ducts, mastitis, or a diminished milk supply. Instead of motivating the mother to practice the recommended preventive measures, fear appeals can lead to lack of confidence and fear of failure. Instead, lactation consultants can increase the mother’s confidence in her ability to breastfeed by helping her envision success, manage self-defeating thoughts, and solve problems. This article explores how the Extended Parallel Process Model can be applied to lactation consultation to increase the probability that the lactation consultant’s message will be heeded rather than rejected.
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Ünsalver, B. Ö., and C. Sezen. "Group art therapy for the management of fear of giving birth." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1868.

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IntroductionFear of giving birth may affect many pregnant women. Fear of childbirth leads to an increase in C-section demands and the ratio of C-section births. Group therapy addresses at least 8 people at the same time, which both saves time and treatment expenses.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of group art therapy for the management of fear of giving birth.MethodsThirty women volunteers in the third trimester of pregnancy who were attending a public women's hospital and who had fear of giving birth were included in the study. They were randomly distributed to 2 groups. First group (n = 15) received 6 sessions of group art therapy. Second group (n = 15) received 6 sessions of psychoeducation regarding fear of giving birth. Each weekly psychotherapy session lasted 130 minutes.ResultsBy the end of the six weeks Beck depression scale (BDS) scores, Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) scores and Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire version A (W-DEQ) scores decreased significantly in the group art therapy group (P < 0.001). In contrast, the psychoeducation group showed no significant changes in terms of BDS, BAS, W-DEQ scores.ConclusionsOur study shows that group art therapy may be a promising cost-effective treatment method to manage fear of giving birth in pregnant women. The study needs to be replicated in women coming from different cultures and socioeconomic statuses to establish group art therapy for the treatment of fear of giving birth.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Vervoort, T., L. Goubert, H. Vandenbossche, S. Van Aken, D. Matthys, and G. Crombez. "Child's and Parents' Catastrophizing about Pain is Associated with Procedural Fear in Children: A Study in Children with Diabetes and Their Mothers." Psychological Reports 109, no. 3 (December 2011): 879–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.15.16.21.pr0.109.6.879-895.

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The contribution of the child's and parents' catastrophizing about pain was explored in explaining procedural pain and fear in children. Procedural fear and pain were investigated in 44 children with Type I diabetes undergoing a finger prick. The relationships between parents' catastrophizing and parents' own fear and estimates of their child's pain were also investigated. The children and their mothers completed questionnaires prior to a routine consultation with the diabetes physician. Children completed a situation-specific measure of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS–C) and provided ratings of their experienced pain and fear on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Parents completed a situation-specific measure of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale For Parents (PCS–P) and provided estimates of their child's pain and their own experienced fear on a 0–10 NRS. Analyses indicated that higher catastrophizing by children was associated with more fear and pain during the finger prick. Scores for parents' catastrophizing about their children's pain were positively related to parents' scores for their own fear, estimates of their children's pain, and child-reported fear, but not the amount of pain reported by the child. The findings attest to the importance of assessing for and targeting child and parents' catastrophizing about pain. Addressing catastrophizing and related fears and concerns of both parents and children may be necessary to assure appropriate self-management. Further investigation of the mechanisms relating catastrophizing to deleterious outcomes is warranted.
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ten Berge, M. "Dental fear in children: clinical consequences Suggested behaviour management strategies in treating children with dental fear." European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 9, S1 (February 2008): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03262655.

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O’Connell, Elizabeth. "Overcoming the fear of waste." Waste Management 31, no. 11 (November 2011): 2201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.08.001.

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Siegel, Laurence B., and Matthew H. Scanlan. "No Fear of Commitment:The Role of High-ConvictionActive Management." Journal of Investing 23, no. 3 (August 31, 2014): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/joi.2014.23.3.007.

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