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Books on the topic 'Feather disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hickman, Mae. Care of the wild, feathered and furred: A guide to wildlife handling and care. Robson Books, 1994.

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2

Little, Jean. Pierre the penguin: A true story. Sleeping Bear Press, 2010.

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3

Hickman, Mae. Care of the wild feathered & furred: Treating and feeding injured birds and animals. Michael Kesend Pub., 1993.

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4

Basu, Sanjay. Modeling Large-Scale Epidemics. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0009.

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Previous chapters ignored a critical aspect of modeling some major diseases: the infectious nature of many diseases. For infectious diseases, the risk of getting the disease is related to how many people are infectious at a given time: the more infectious people in the area, the higher the risk of infection among susceptible people. In a typical Markov model, we can’t account for this basic feature of infectious diseases because the risk of moving from one state (healthy) to another state (diseased) is assumed to be constant. In this chapter, the author introduces a simulation modeling framewo

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5

Elliott, Perry, and Giuseppe Limongelli. Cardiac Aspects of INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASES. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0070.

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More than 40 inherited metabolic disorders cause heart disease, including fatty acid oxidation defects, glycogen storage disorders, lysosomal storage disorders, peroxisomal diseases, mitochondrial cytopathies, organic acidemias, aminoacidopathies, and congenital disorders of glycosylation. The pattern and severity of cardiac involvement varies between disorders but includes congenital heart diseases, heart muscle diseases, arrhythmias and sudden death, and heart failure. The majority of IMDs are multisystem diseases, but in a few cases cardiac disease is the predominant clinical feature and th

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6

Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Diagnosis in suspected gastrointestinal disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0194.

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The most frequent presenting complaints suggesting gastrointestinal disease are diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain, which can localize to any of the quadrants of the abdomen observed from the front. Loss of weight is a feature of some gastrointestinal diseases, and general symptoms such as fever, malaise, and arthralgia may also occur. According to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), alarm symptoms include unintentional weight loss, dysphagia, chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, iron deficiency anaemia, an abdominal mass, and/or persistent

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7

Kaplan, Tamara, and Tracey Milligan. Cerebrovascular Disease 3: Brainstem Syndromes (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0006.

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The video in this chapter explores cerebrovascular disease, and focuses on brainstem syndromes. It includes the hallmark ‘crossed signs’ feature of brainstem syndromes (ipsilateral cranial nerve deficits, contralateral long track signs), the characteristics of lateral medullary syndrome due to a PICA stroke, and palsies that may result from a ventral pontine stroke, and medical midbrain stroke.

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8

Ryskamp, Daniel A., Elena Popugaeva, and Ilya Bezprozvanny. Calcium Hypothesis of Neurodegeneration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190233563.003.0003.

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Aged-related changes in neuronal physiology and stressors related to specific neurodegenerative diseases collude to undermine neuronal calcium homeostasis, which is a common pathological feature in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxias, glaucoma, and several other neurodegenerative disorders. Mechanisms of calcium mishandling in these diseases are discussed in this chapter by focusing on HD as an example of a monogenic disease and AD as a multifactorial disease. As aberra

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9

Ong, Albert C. M., and Timothy Ellam. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0307_update_001.

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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is responsible for up to 10% of prevalent patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is characterized by the enlargement of multiple bilateral renal cysts, present in almost all patients by their fifth decade. Loin pain is a common symptom that may be caused by cyst growth, intracyst haemorrhage, nephrolithiasis, or infection. Gross haematuria is also a common feature, but usually settles spontaneously. Excretory impairment develops after extensive cystic change has occurred and progresses to ESRD in half of all affected patients by th

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10

Siebert, Stefan, Sengupta Raj, and Alexander Tsoukas. Peripheral musculoskeletal involvement in axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755296.003.0007.

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In addition to the axial diseases that characterizes axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), many patients also develop peripheral musculoskeletal involvement. This can include peripheral joint synovitis, enthesitis, and dactylitis. Peripheral musculoskeletal involvement is an important component of the disease with significant impact on function and quality of life. Many of the features may also be subtle and overlooked, unless specifically evaluated and examined. In particular, hip disease is a bad prognostic feature and, if present, may require more aggressive therapy or surgical intervention. On

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11

Zetterberg, Henrik, and Jonathan M. Schott. Fluid Biomarkers Indicative of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190233563.003.0008.

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A major unifying feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is excessive neuronal loss. Depending on when and where this occurs, patients may express distinct neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Neurodegeneration is accompanied by protein aggregation, inflammation, and microglial activation that may be drivers of the disease or in some circumstances may be protective reactions to the neurodegenerative process. A key development over the past decade has been our ability to leverage these accompanying central nervous system changes to develop clinically impactful biomarkers of specific NDDs

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12

Kumar, Nilesh, Nilesh Ramesh Kulkarni, and Vinayak Bairagi. EEG-Based Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease: A Review and Novel Approaches for Feature Extraction and Classification Techniques. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2018.

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13

Carrero, Juan Jesús, and Peter Stenvinkel. The role of inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0110.

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Low-grade persistent inflammation is a common feature of chronic kidney disease. This chapter provides an overview of the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the uraemic milieu with an emphasis on dialysis stages. It reviews the multifactorial dialysis- and non-dialysis-related causes of inflammation and its purported role in the development of protein energy wasting, vascular calcification, endocrine disorders, and depression. The chapter also discusses the use and the need of monitoring C-reactive protein levels regularly in the clinical setting a

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14

Hickman, Mae, Stephen Levine, and Maxine Guy. Care of the Wild Feathered & Furred: Treating and Feeding Injured Birds and Animals. M. Kesend Pub., 1998.

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15

Denton, Christopher P., and Pia Moinzadeh. Systemic sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0121.

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The term 'scleroderma' describes a group of conditions in which the development of thickened, fibrotic skin is a cardinal feature. This includes localized forms of scleroderma (e.g. morphoea) and also systemic forms of the disease that are more correctly termed systemic sclerosis. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multiorgan, autoimmune disease that has a high clinical burden and mortality, due to affecting the skin as well as internal organs. As with other related diseases there is a female predominance and marked clinical diversity. The pathogenesis of SSc is not fully elucidated; it includes en

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16

Neary, John, and Neil Turner. The patient with haematuria. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0046.

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Haematuria is a common presenting feature of diseases of the kidney or the renal tract. It is also common in screening tests, single dipstick tests being positive in perhaps 5% of individuals. Age and whether the blood is visible (macroscopic) or non-visible (microscopic) impact largely on whether the explanation is likely to be broadly urological or nephrological. Origins are most commonly simple or urological. Macroscopic bleeding is rare in renal disease, and urine colour is then usually more rather smoky than red except when there is very acute inflammation. The chief urological causes are

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17

Little, Jean. Pierre the penguin: A true story. Sleeping Bear Press, 2010.

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18

Little, Jean. Pierre the penguin: A true story. Sleeping Bear Press, 2010.

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19

Carrero, Juan Jesús, Hong Xu, and Bengt Lindholm. Diet and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0101.

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The dietary management of non-dialysed CKD patients has focused on limiting the intake of substances which lead to accumulation of urea, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium. Recent advances in nutritional epidemiology have given us the opportunity to examine the relationships between diet and CKD. This chapter focuses on evidence relating to retarding progression of renal impairment in the early to mid stages of CKD. Limits may need to change if GFR falls. The hypothesis that a high dietary protein intake leads to progressive CKD through a mechanism of glomerular hyperfiltration has been taught

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20

Galvin, James E., and Jose Tomas Bras. Neurobiology of Lewy Body Dementias. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0055.

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Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common form of neurocognitive disorder after Alzheimer’s disease and covers two related diagnoses: Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia. Despite being a common disorder, diagnosis outside expert academic centers remains a significant challenge. The core pathological feature of LBD is the cortical Lewy body; however, many cases will have coexistent Alzheimer disease pathology. Genetic risk factors for LBD include mutations in genes for alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and galactocerbrosidase (GBA). Dopamine transporter imaging remains the

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21

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0030.

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Definitions 210Initial assessment 210Examination 212Investigation 212Differential diagnosis 216Treatment 217Overt gastrointestinal bleeding may occur as part of an acute illness or as a feature of chronic disease. Covert or obscure gastrointestinal bleeding may be uncovered in the investigation of anaemia....

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22

Hess, Laurie. Unlikely companions: The adventures of an exotic animal doctor (or, what friends feathered, furred, and scaled have taught me about life and love). 2016.

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23

Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 48-Year-Old with Progressive Weakness and Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0005.

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Guillain-Barré syndrome may present in several ways, although predominant proximal weakness is a common feature of the disease to recognize. The differential diagnosis may be extensive and can include infection, vasculitis, toxin exposure, and malignancy. A lumbar puncture must be done with minimal delay to evaluate for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albuminocytological dissociation, however results may be normal early in the course of the disease. EMG/NCS are helpful to support the diagnosis, and early treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is essential. This chapter discusses the clinic

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24

Sunmboye, Kenny, and Rachel Jeffery. Raynaud’s phenomenon. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0105.

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Raynaud’s phenomenon is characterized by episodic digital ischaemia due to vasospasm causing closure of the small arteries and arterioles of the distal extremities, in response to cold exposure or emotional stimuli. This is manifested clinically by the sequential development of intense pallor of the fingers or toes, cyanosis, and rubor, following cold exposure and subsequent rewarming. These colour changes may be accompanied by paraesthesiae and other sensations, but pain is not usually a prominent feature. Raynaud’s phenomenon is separated into two categories: primary (idiopathic), called Ray

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25

Little, Jean. Pierre the penguin: A true story. Sleeping Bear Press, 2010.

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26

Goel, Rishi M., Kamal V. Patel, and Terry Wong. Gastroenterology and renal medicine. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0130_update_001.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a major feature of very low glomerular filtration rate and may be the presenting feature in some patients presenting late with renal failure. GI haemorrhage is increased in frequency inpatient with renal failure, even more so in those given therapeutic anticoagulation. There are some differences in likely causes. Oral bowel cleansing preparations that contain phosphate are dangerous in patients with CKD as they may cause phosphate crystallization in the kidneys: the resulting AKI may have limited reversibility. Patients with end stage renal disease have an in

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27

Hickman, Mae, Maxine Guy, and Cleveland Amory (Introduction). Care of the Wild, Feathered & Furred: Treating and Feeding Injured Birds and Animals. M. Kesend Pub., 1993.

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28

Fox, Susan H., and Marina Picillo. A Rapidly Progressive Movement Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0028.

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Prion diseases are a rare group of transmissible and untreatable encephalopathies that ultimately result in death after a short and rapidly progressive illness. The clinical features are variable but share a mix of cortical and subcortical features and a tendency for worsening at a speed that is typically faster than the monthly or yearly change seen in degenerative forms of dementia. Movement disorders represent a prominent feature of prion diseases and include cerebellar and extrapyramidal symptoms. Myoclonus is by far the most common involuntary movement in prion diseases. An awareness of t

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29

Lal, Mira. Clinically significant mind–body interactions: evolutionary history of the scientific basis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.003.0001.

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Mind-body interactions enshrined in the psychosomatic approach, encompass the psyche (mind) and the soma (body). They can result in obstetric and gynaecological disease conditions with clinically significant morbidity. Relevant psychosomatic understanding facilitates appropriate management. Chapter 1 discusses the anatomical, physiological, and pathological basis of clinical psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology, explores ancient medical practices throughout Asia and Europe, the change in approaches since the seventeenth century, and the future of psychosomatic medicine. Tracing medical his

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30

Mofeez, Ali, and Upal Hossain. Acute pain in haematological disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234721.003.0014.

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The use of painkillers ranging from simple analgesics to strong opioids is a common feature in the acute pain management of haematological conditions. However, each disease also has its own specific aetiological factors for pain, requiring specific treatment. Haematological patients with chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy may require multidisciplinary pain management to improve quality of life and prevent chronic escalation of opioid doses. Intramuscular injections should be avoided in all patients. The use of pethidine (meperidine) is not recommended.

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31

Rees, David. Haemoglobinopathies. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0172.

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Inherited abnormalities of the globin genes are the commonest single-gene disorders in the world and fall into two main groups: thalassaemias and sickle cell disease. Thalassaemias are due to quantitative defects in globin chain synthesis which cause variable anaemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Thalassaemia was initially thought to be a disease of the bones due to uncontrolled bone marrow expansion causing bony distortion, although this is now unusual with appropriate blood transfusions. Osteopenia, often severe, is a feature of most patients with thalassaemia major and intermedia, caused

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32

Rees, David. Haemoglobinopathies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0172_update_001.

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Inherited abnormalities of the globin genes are the commonest single-gene disorders in the world and fall into two main groups: thalassaemias and sickle cell disease. Thalassaemias are due to quantitative defects in globin chain synthesis which cause variable anaemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Thalassaemia was initially thought to be a disease of the bones due to uncontrolled bone marrow expansion causing bony distortion, although this is now unusual with appropriate blood transfusions. Osteopenia, often severe, is a feature of most patients with thalassaemia major and intermedia, caused

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33

Maksymowych, Walter P., and Robert G. W. Lambert. Imaging: sacroiliac joints. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0013.

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Radiography of the sacroiliac (SI) joints still forms the cornerstone of diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), although its limitations in early disease preclude early diagnosis. Equivocal radiographic findings of sacroiliitis should be followed by MRI evaluation of the SI joints, especially if clinical suspicion of SpA is high. Routine diagnostic evaluation for SpA by MRI of the SI joints should include simultaneous evaluation of T1-weighted (T1W) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) or T2 fat-suppressed scans. Bone marrow oedema (BME) in subchondral bone is the primary MRI feature

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34

Cordes, Eugene H. Hallelujah Moments. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080457.001.0001.

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This work provides eleven stories of drug discovery and features the scientists who made them. The outcome of the discovery work has provided novel therapies in cancer, cardiovascular medicine, antibacterial and antiviral infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, metabolic diseases, and weight control. Each story begins with the basic biomedical science that revealed the pathway to effective drug therapy and continues with the step-by-step process that leads from insight to a product in clinical practice meeting a defined medical need. The tales feature creative problem-solving by clever and de

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35

Hughes, Julian C. Dementia is Dead, Long Live Ageing. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, et al. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0049.

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Dementia is dead, long live aging! This chapter sets out the philosophical sources for understanding working with "dementia." The concept, "dementia," serves no useful purpose. Even "Alzheimer's disease" turns out to be problematic. This is because there is a lack of precision around the boundaries of these notions. The messiness that surrounds these notions, in terms of facts and values, is made obvious when we consider mild cognitive impairment, which is said to be a pre-dementia state. It makes more biological sense to think in terms of the ageing brain, rather than to search for discrete d

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36

Houghton, Kristin. Childhood regional conditions. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0158.

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Musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints are common in childhood. The majority of causes are benign and self-limiting, but MSK symptoms may be the presenting feature of serious life-threatening illness or chronic disease. Pain is often attributed to minor trauma, and atraumatic causes including infectious, inflammatory, and oncologic conditions, amplified musculoskeletal pain syndromes, and normal skeletal growth variants need to be considered. The age of the child helps identify the possible developmental conditions unique to the growing paediatric skeleton. Evaluation and management requires a thoro

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37

Houghton, Kristin. Childhood regional conditions. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0158_update_001.

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Musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints are common in childhood. The majority of causes are benign and self-limiting, but MSK symptoms may be the presenting feature of serious life-threatening illness or chronic disease. Pain is often attributed to minor trauma, and atraumatic causes including infectious, inflammatory, and oncologic conditions, amplified musculoskeletal pain syndromes, and normal skeletal growth variants need to be considered. The age of the child helps identify the possible developmental conditions unique to the growing paediatric skeleton. Evaluation and management requires a thoro

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38

Storey, Elsdon. The Expanded Polyglutamine Tract Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0013.

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The spinocerebellar ataxias are dominantly-inherited neurodegenerative disorders whose major clinical feature is incoordination. Although 32 have been described to date, those characterized by (CAG)n repeat expansions resulting in elongated polyglutamine tracts in their respective host proteins (SCAs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 17, and in part 8) are the most common and have been subject to the most detailed investigation of their pathogenic mechanisms. All are characterized by polyglutamine tract aggregates, toxicity of which was initially thought to be their pathogenic mechanism. However, recent research

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39

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood, and Paula Bennett, eds. Gastrointestinal emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0010.

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Problems relating to the gastrointestinal system are frequently seen in emergency and urgent care settings. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms may relate directing to a problem in the gastrointestinal tract or may be a feature of another disease process. For example, vomiting and abdominal pain are often seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. This chapter provides detailed guidance on how to assess a patient with abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Appropriate investigations are identified, with their suggested indications. The remainder of this chapter covers the nursing assessment,

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40

O’Connell, Sue. Lyme borreliosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0009.

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Lyme borreliosis is the most common vector-borne bacterial infection in the temperate northern hemisphere. In the United States of America over 35,000 confirmed or probable cases were reported by state health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2008. It is likely that well over 100,000 cases occur in Europe each year. Lyme borreliosis is caused by several genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which are transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The infection occurs most commonly in forested, woodland and heathland habitats that support the

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41

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood, and Paula Bennett, eds. Emergency care of the infant and child. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0004.

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Caring for ill and injured children can be a daunting experience for many staff in emergency and urgent care settings. Children differ from adults anatomically, physiologically, and psychologically, and some of the diseases seen in infants and children are not present in the adult population. A key feature of this chapter is to provide essential information to assist the practitioner in differentiating between the well and unwell children. Common childhood illness, and their nursing assessment and management are covered, together with common injuries in childhood.

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42

Bowman, Simon, John Hamburger, Elizabeth Price, and Saaeha Rauz. Sjögren’s syndrome—clinical features. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0127_update_001.

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Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic, immune-mediated, condition of unknown aetiology characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands associated with dry mouth and eyes. It occurs in its own right (primary Sjögren’s syndrome, pSS), or as a late feature of other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or scleroderma (secondary Sjögren’s syndrome). There is a strong female bias. pSS typically affects women in their middle years with an estimated prevalence of 0.1–0.6%. 75% of patients have anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies, often with raised im

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43

Bowman, Simon, John Hamburger, Elizabeth Price, and Saaeha Rauz. Sjögren’s syndrome—clinical features. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0127.

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Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic, immune-mediated, condition of unknown aetiology characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands associated with dry mouth and eyes. It occurs in its own right (primary Sjögren's syndrome, pSS), or as a late feature of other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or scleroderma (secondary Sjögren's syndrome). There is a strong female bias. pSS typically affects women in their middle years with an estimated prevalence of 0.1–0.6%. 75% of patients have anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies, often with raised im

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44

Berntson, Gary G., Peter J. Gianaros, and Manos Tsakiris. Interoception and the autonomic nervous system: Bottom-up meets top-down. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0001.

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Although the efferent role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in homeostasis has long been recognized, afferent aspects of the ANS—especially interoception—are increasingly recognized to be equally important. Interoception is fundamental to the regulation of internal physiology, particularly as it is coordinated with contextually determined and adaptive behavioral processes. A cardinal but often underappreciated feature of interoception is its role in myriad cognitive and affective processes that are integrated in health and disease. This chapter introduces the concept of interoception and

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45

Webster, Peter, Judith Ritchie, and Veerabhadram Garimella. Colorectal surgery (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749813.003.0004.

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This chapter seeks to illustrate the interesting and diverse nature of adult colorectal surgery with a number of presentations of both benign and malignant conditions of the colon, rectum, and anus. The cases represent a wide variety of colorectal conditions that most junior surgical trainees will encounter from this specialty electively at outpatient clinic, including constipation, colorectal cancer, fissure-in-ano and fistulas, haemorrhoids, faecal incontinence, and pilonidal disease. Cases also feature emergency presentations commonly encountered on the acute surgical take such as acute div

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46

O'Hara, Michael W., and C. Steven Richards. Epilogue. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.037.

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The authors of the chapters in this volume have covered nearly every feature of depression comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, chronic health conditions, and disturbed close relationships. Treatment implications are addressed both in chapters on individual disorders as well as comprehensively in separate chapters. This volume concludes with the “big picture” provided by Ronald Kessler and his colleagues. Several themes emerge. Depression comorbidity is pervasive. It touches to one degree or another almost every identifiable psychiatric condition, chronic health condition, and disturb

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47

Pearl, Phillip L., and William P. Welch. Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0059.

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The pediatric neurotransmitter disorders represent an enlarging group of neurological syndromes characterized by inherited abnormalities of neurotransmitter synthesis, metabolism, and transport. Disorders involving monoamine synthesis include guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase deficiency (Segawa disease or classical Dopa-responsive dystonia as the heterozygous form), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, tyrosine hydrolase deficiency, sepiapterin reductase deficiency, and disorders of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. These disorders can be classified according to whether they feature

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Scadding, John. Neuropathic pain. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0386.

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Abstract:

Pain signalled by a normal sensory system, nociceptive pain, serves a vital protective function. The peripheral and central nervous somatosensory systems permit rapid localization and identification of the nature of painful stimuli, prior to appropriate action to minimize or avoid potentially tissue damaging events. A reduction or absence of pain resulting from neurological disease emphasizes the importance of this normal protective function of pain. For example, tissue destruction occurs frequently in peripheral nerve diseases which cause severe sensory loss such as leprosy, and in central di

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Foster, Brogan, and Paul A. Brogan. Specialized therapeutic approaches. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738756.003.0008.

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This chapter provides updated guidance on specialized therapeutic approaches relevant to paediatric rheumatology. Detailed overviews include: intra-articular injections including guidance on triamcinolone hexacetonide and dose for paediatric joint injection; current indications and recommended doses for biologic therapies, including updated summaries of regulatory approvals for the use of these treatments; an overview of medicines commonly used in paediatric rheumatology, including a commentary on paediatric pharmacokinetics and specific safety issues; dose calculation in paediatric practice;

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50

Conly, Sarah. Paternalism, Food, and Personal Freedom. Edited by Anne Barnhill, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.7.

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This chapter explores the supposed difference between health regulations that are generally accepted (e.g., inspections for salmonella) and ones that are found excessively paternalistic (portion size controls), and it argues that the two are basically the same: in each case government tries to protect people from choices that do not advance their ends. Coercion is not bad when it keeps people from making choices that would promote obesity and heart disease, since most people value health more than they value the availability of large portions of junk food. Paternalists recognize that people al

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