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Journal articles on the topic 'Feather plucking'
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1
Kubiak, Marie. "Feather plucking in parrots." In Practice 37, no. 2 (February 2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.h234.
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Voit, Marielu, Roswitha Merle, Katrin Baumgartner, Lorenzo von Fersen, Lukas Reese, Mechthild Ladwig-Wiegard, Hermann Will, et al. "Validation of an Alternative Feather Sampling Method to Measure Corticosterone." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112054.
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The most common feather sampling method for feather corticosterone measurement is by plucking the feathers from the bird’s skin. This procedure performed on living, restrained birds is qualified as an animal experiment according to German/European legislation, which has to be applied for from the competent authorities. The Directive 2010/63/EU requires the full implementation of the 3-R Principle of Russel and Burch in animal experiments, which means not only to replace the use of animals, but also to reduce the number of animals used and to refine procedures whenever possible. In response to this issue, the aim of this study was to validate an alternative, less invasive sampling method by cutting feathers close to the skin in comparison to the gold standard of plucking them. For this proof-of-principle study, a conventional poultry husbandry with trial groups of geese (Anser anser domesticus) and ducks (Anas sterilis) was selected. All birds were kept under the same living conditions to standardize the influencing factors regarding husbandry, and thus, their stress levels. Feather samples were collected between the shoulders from 46 geese and 51 ducks, both by cutting as well as by plucking, directly after slaughter for meat production. Feather corticosterone levels were measured with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results were compared using Bland–Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). It could be seen that concordance between corticosterone levels in cut and plucked feathers was rather poor: 0.38 for Anser, and 0.57 for Anas. However, comparing the mean corticosterone values in pg/mm of each species with their respective standard deviations, the differences between the methods were negligible. As the results showed that the differences between the individuals were markedly greater than the differences between the methods, the determination of corticosterone levels in cut feathers is valid compared to using plucked feathers. The validation tests of ELISA showed only acceptable repeatability and reliability. Hence, the results should be verified in further studies. In conclusion, it is recommended for future research to use cut instead of plucked feathers for corticosterone measurement.
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Chitty, John. "Feather plucking in psittacine birds 1. Presentation and medical investigation." In Practice 25, no. 8 (September 2003): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.25.8.484.
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Owen, D. J., and J. M. Lane. "High levels of corticosterone in feather-plucking parrots (Psittacus erithacus)." Veterinary Record 158, no. 23 (June 10, 2006): 804–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.23.804.
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Chitty, John. "Feather plucking in psittacine birds 2. Social, environmental and behavioural considerations." In Practice 25, no. 9 (October 2003): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.25.9.550.
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Pourjavaheri, Firoozeh, Farzad Mohaddes, Robert A. Shanks, Michael Czajka, and Arun Gupta. "Effects of Different Purification Methods on Chicken Feather Keratin." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1184.
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Every year billion kilograms of unused feathers result from the poultry industry worldwide, which in effect impose a difficult disposal process to the environment. Chicken feathers are considered as a valuable and renewable keratin protein source, which could be used advantageously in a number of applications as alternatives to feather meal and feather disposal. Although the potential applications of keratin derived from chicken feathers have been investigated, the initial purification phase has not been fully described in the literature. Original chicken feathers contain many biological organisms along with other contaminants after plucking. Unprocessed chicken feathers are considered as potentially hazardous biological materials due to the presence of blood borne pathogens; therefore, the decontamination process is very important. The purpose of this work is to compare the effects of different purification techniques on chicken feathers prior to keratin isolation. These processes include surfactant washing, soxhlet extraction with ethanol, ozone, and sodium chlorite solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, and wide angle X-ray scattering were used to characterise the purified feathers prior to keratin extraction.
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Schieltz, Paul C., and Mary E. Murphy. "The contribution of insulation changes to the energy cost of avian molt." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-049.
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To evaluate the contribution of changes in plumage insulation to the energy cost of molt, we measured oxygen consumption by wintering White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) before and after plucking 12, 24, or 36% of their plumage, and when they were replacing these feathers. Measurements were made at 20 and 25 °C, two temperatures bracketing the lower critical temperature (ca. 23 °C) of wintering Z. l. gambelii, and at 10 °C, well below the birds' lower critical temperature. For comparison, oxygen consumption by naturally molting birds was measured at 25 °C during summer. In these sparrows, feather loss resulted in increased oxygen consumption only at 10 °C and when feather loss was moderate (24% plumage; 10% increase) to intensive (36% plumage; 24% increase). Regrowth of 24 and 36% of plumage resulted in increased oxygen consumption at 20 °C (10 and 8.5%, respectively) and 10 °C (16 and 28%, respectively). Oxygen consumption by birds was unaffected by loss or regrowth of 12% of the plumage regardless of temperature, and at 25 °C, oxygen consumption was unaffected by the intensity of plumage replacement (0–36%). Comparison of oxygen consumption at 25 °C between naturally molting summer birds and treated winter birds revealed that the energy cost of molt and the apparent energy inefficiency of molt result neither from added thermoregulatory costs nor from the costs of feather synthesis per se, but seemingly from metabolic changes entrained by molt.
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Hidayat, Ratu Fresa Khoirotunnisa, Diana Savitri, Irhamna Putri, Warih Pulung Nugrahani, and Aris Haryanto. "Molecular Bird Sexing of Tanimbar Cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) by Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Method." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 59997. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.59997.
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This study aimed to determine the sex of Tanimbar Cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana) birds by amplifying Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding-1 (CHD-1) gene on Z and W sex chromosomes as well as to compare the quality of DNA extraction and PCR amplification products from samples derived from peripheral blood and plucked feathers. This work used five C. goffiniana birds which were collected from the Wildlife Rescue Center (WRC) in Pengasih, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. From each C. goffiniana, feather samples were collected by plucking feathers on the ventral wing and peripheral blood samples were taken by cutting their nails and collecting the blood into microhematocrit tubes containing heparin. The next stage was DNA extraction and DNA amplification on the CHD-1 gene using the PCR method by NP, P2, and MP primer pairs. Then, products of DNA extraction and PCR amplification were electrophoresed on 1.5% agarose gel and visualized under a UV light transilluminator with a wavelength of 260 nm. The visualization showed that samples from peripheral blood generated clearer DNA fragments compared to plucked feathers. Two of the five samples were male C. goffiniana and the other three samples were females. In the male Tanimbar Cockatoo was amplified a single DNA fragment of the Z sex chromosome in size of 300 bp, whereas in the female C. goffiniana was amplified double DNA fragments of Z and W sex chromosomes in size of 300 bp and 400 bp respectively. The DNA quality showed that the DNA quality from peripheral blood samples were better in quality than the DNA collected from plucked feather samples.
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Jayson, Stephanie L., David L. Williams, and James L. N. Wood. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Feather Plucking in African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus and Psittacus erithacus timneh) and Cockatoos (Cacatua spp.)." Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 23, no. 3 (July 2014): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2014.06.012.
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Voit, Marielu, Katrin Baumgartner, Lorenzo von Fersen, Roswitha Merle, Lukas Reese, Mechthild Wiegard, Hermann Will, et al. "Comparison of Two Different Feather Sampling Methods to Measure Corticosterone in Wild Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) and Wild Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)." Animals 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102796.
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This research project had the aim to validate the possible alternative and less-painful sampling method of cutting feathers close to the skin instead of plucking them for subsequent feather corticosterone analysis, confirming recently-published results for other species in captivity. Analyzing CORTf is often used in animal welfare studies in combination with behavioral monitoring. The background of this idea was to act in the sense of animal welfare and reduce the burden of animal studies according to the 3-R-Principle (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) by refining procedures. To confirm the hypothesis that the sampling method itself has no influence on CORTf levels measured, plucked and cut samples of the respective bird were collected. Birds of two wild species were used: the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus). The CORTf was measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The determined values were inspected for their mean values, standard deviation (SD), and average differences. Afterwards, the CORTf levels of both species were compared, according to the sampling method, with the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). In the Bland-Altman (BA) plot the differences of the methods were displayed against the mean values. Additionally, sex, as a possible factor influencing CORTf, was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The values of CCC showed poor agreement in the comparability of the two methods, whereas the concordance of the BA plot was decent. The average differences between the methods were marginal for both species (Mallards: −0.16 pg/mm, Flamingos −0.13 pg/mm). In summary, all anomalies or differences between the methods were negligible. Therefore, the alternative sampling method seems to be as suitable as the common standard method. No significant difference was found between females and males. Nevertheless, our results suggest that CORTf should not be interpreted in just considering the values themselves, but the results they should be analyzed in the context of a wider set of parameters. Hence, further studies are encouraged to create a larger data pool.
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De Ridder, Elke, Rianne Pinxten, Veerle Mees, and Marcel Eens. "Short- and Long-Term Effects of Male-Like Concentrations of Testosterone on Female European Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris)." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.487.
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Abstract European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) exhibit marked sex differences in behavior during spring. Song activity, nest-box occupation, the carrying of green nesting materials into a nest hole (typical mate-attraction behaviors), and aggression occur much more frequently in males who also have higher testosterone (T)-levels than females. Here, we examined whether male-like concentrations of T would activate these behaviors in female starlings. We treated females with implants that were either empty (C-females) or packed with T (T-females) during late December. Although elevated T-levels significantly increased song activity in females, the proportion of time spent singing was still much lower than in males. T-treatment in females also failed to induce singing behavior in the nest box, a typical male mate-attraction behavior. Those results suggest both activational and organizational effects of T on singing. Nest-box occupation, carrying of green nesting material into a nest hole, and aggressive behavior were not activated by elevated T-levels, indicating that sex differences in these behaviors are probably based on early organizational effects of steroid hormones. We also evaluated effects of increased T-concentrations on some physiological, morphological, and immunological parameters. T-treatment strongly suppressed tail feather regrowth after experimental plucking, and also delayed onset of molt of wing feathers and slowed its progress. T-implantation caused color of the bill to change from black to yellow, but did not affect body mass. Immune function was determined by using two indirect measures: blood composition (haematocrit and buffy coat values) and indications of infections. Although haematocrit and buffy coat values did not differ between C- and T-females, T-females were significantly more infected with Staphylococcus aureus than C-females at the end of the experiment.
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BARROS, L. S. S., L. A. AMARAL, C. S. LORENZON, J. L. JUNIOR, and J. G. MACHADO NETO. "Potential microbiological contamination of effluents in poultry and swine abattoirs." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 3 (August 8, 2006): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806006972.
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Health risks in the effluents of seven swine abattoirs and of seven poultry abattoirs were evaluated with regard to environment degradation and to dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms during the rainy and dry seasons. Supply-water samples from affluents and effluents of the treatment systems at different sites within the abattoir processing system were analysed. Similarly, water samples from the three recipient sites (emission point, 100 m upstream, 100 m downstream) were also analysed. Temperature, free residual chlorine (FRC), total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, enterococci, identification and serotyping of salmonellae were assessed. Scalding is the most significant stage in the slaughtering chain (P<0·05) when temperature is taken into account. Temperatures at effluents and at the sampled sites in the water bodies accorded to state and federal legislation standards. Supply waters did not meet the standards for FRC and microbial count standards according to the Ministry of Health and within limits imposed by the Industrial and Sanitary Inspection Regulations for Animal Products. Feather plucking and evisceration in poultry slaughter and the cleansing of carcasses and facilities in poultry and swine slaughtering had the highest contamination impact. The three loci at the water bodies were above the microbiological standards for classes II and III sites, in conformity with Law 8468 of the state of São Paulo, Brazil and Conama. Salmonella was found at several sites during slaughter, at both types of abattoirs, including in the effluent treatment system. This showed that these sites were the dissemination sources of the microorganism.
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Gibbons, A. "PALEONTOLOGY: Plucking the Feathered Dinosaur." Science 278, no. 5341 (November 14, 1997): 1229b—1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5341.1229b.
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Sanwo, K. A., A. V. Adegoke, O. Y. Ayo – Ajasa, A. O. Fagbohun, and T. M. Adeyanju. "Quality and stability of meat obtained from broiler chickens fed diets containing tonic root (Mondia whitei) as supplement." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.142.
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Tonic root has been speculated to improve Libido and this could have effect on performance and carcass traits of the animal. Afifty-six days experiment was conducted to determine meat quality of Abor acre Strain of broiler chickens fed graded dietary inclusion of supplemental white ginger (Mondia whitei). One hundred and eighty, one day-old broiler chicks were assigned to five treatment groups with three replicates per group. Birds on treatment one were fed concentrate with no supplements, those on treatment two had concentrate + 0.5g Mondia whitei per kg feed, treatment three had concentrate + 1g Mondia whitei per kg feed; Treatment 4 had concentrate with 1.5g Mondia whitei per kg feed and treatment five had concentrate + 2g Mondia whitei per kg feed. At the end of the eight weeks feeding trial, three birds each from each replicate of five treatment groups were randomly selected, deprived of food for 12 hours prior to slaughtering. After the traditional slaughtering method, feather plucking and evisceration were done and breast muscles were excised from the carcasses for quality parameters evaluation. The results showed significance (P< 0.05) in some measured parameters such as colour, yellowness (b*) and Lightness (L*). Highest (P<0.05) triglyceride content of meat (145.33 mg/dL) was recorded in the meat of birds fed inclusion level at 0.5g/kg and the lowest value (91.67mg/dL) in the meat of birds fed inclusion level of 1g/kg. Breast muscles had the highest (P<0.05) pH score 6.72 at 1g/kg inclusion level and least value of 6.51 was in the control group. Dietary inclusion of Mondia whitei showed no significant (P>0.05) effect on cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Although superoxide dismutase (SOD) and water absorptive power were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced, cooking and refrigeration loss as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in meat were significantly (P<0.05) lowest in birds fed 1g/kg dietary inclusion level of Mondia whitei. Some phytochemicals and overall sensory acceptability were statistically influenced by the dietary treatments.
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Callegaro, Kelly, Adriano Brandelli, and Daniel Joner Daroit. "Beyond plucking: Feathers bioprocessing into valuable protein hydrolysates." Waste Management 95 (July 2019): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.040.
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Xujie, Wu. "Plucking Feathers from the Passing Wild Goose: Grave Misuse of Special Funds for Education." Chinese Education & Society 29, no. 1 (January 1996): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ced1061-1932290162.
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Chai, P. "Hummingbird hovering energetics during moult of primary flight feathers." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 10 (May 1, 1997): 1527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.10.1527.
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How does a hovering hummingbird compensate for the loss of flight feathers during moult when the mechanism of lift force generation by flapping wings is impaired? The flight performance of five individual ruby-throated hummingbirds with moulting primary flight feathers and reduced wing area was compared with that before their moult. Hummingbirds were flown in reduced air densities using normoxic heliox so that a range of flight energetics was displayed. The rate of moulting and the extent of wing area loss varied among individuals. One female could tolerate a 30% loss of wing area in moulting and flew with only three outer primaries per wing. Further exploratory study using the artificial reduction of wing area, either by cutting the tips of the outer primaries of a male or by plucking the secondaries of two females, suggested that secondaries play a minor role in lift force generation during hovering whereas the tip area of primaries is crucial. For the five birds, ranges of whole-bird oxygen consumption rates, wingbeat kinematics (stroke amplitude) and lift coefficients did not vary during the moult. This constancy was mainly achieved through weight loss that alleviated aerodynamic force requirements for weight support during hovering. Since the metabolic power expenditure during moult was similar to that of normal birds but the mechanical power requirement was reduced, the flight efficiency also showed a sharp reduction during moult. This increased cost of flight may result from disruption of the integrity of the flight machinery. Overall, the control of body mass in hummingbirds can provide similar aerodynamic, muscle mechanical and physiological capacities under conditions of variable flight demand.
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ter Haar, Barend J. "A Word for Violence." Journal of Religion and Violence 8, no. 3 (2020): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jrv20213581.
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The term bao 暴 is only a rough equivalent to the English term violence. Both terms are primarily pejorative judgments and problematic as analytical terms. Bao is a standard term in legitimation propaganda when the victorious party will blame the adversary for being “violent” and praise itself for being its positive equivalent “martial.” Not everything that we label as violent today was considered as such in China’s past, including vengeance. The label bao was also used for what local people considered excessive violence, such as a former prostitute maltreating servants or concubines, a fisherman intending to kill his mother, or a man plucking the feathers of his prizewinning cock. Again not all forms of behavior that we might consider “violent” are labelled as such, but only those where the use of force and resulting harm are considered out of tune with the social or kinship relationship between the parties involved.
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Dick, Hilary Parsons. "Haciendo de Tripas el Corazón/Plucking Up Courage: Migration, Family Internal Conflict, and Gender in Veronica’s Story." MIGRATION LETTERS 3, no. 1 (April 16, 2006): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v3i1.32.
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This article considers how migrants conceptualize and negotiate the emotional conflicts that accompany decisions to migrate. Such conflicts are a regular feature of migrants’ experience, informing how they understand the act of and reasons for migrating. The article focuses on the life of one migrant: a woman I call “Veronica,” whom I met during research on migration between Uriangato, Guanajuato, Mexico and Chester County, Pennsylvania. I argue that the analysis of discourse offers a particularly illuminating window into how migrants conceptualize and negotiate emotional conflicts. I place this discussion in dialogue with the literature on family internal conflict and gender in migration.
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Najafpour, Dr Gashem, Punita Nook Naidu, and Azlina Harun Kamaruddin. "Rotating Biological Contactor for Biological Treatment of Poultry Processing Plant Wastewater Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 1 (October 20, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50796.
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Biological treatment using attached growth on a rotating biological contactor(RBC) was implemented for wastewater from poultry industries, which containsa high level of organic compounds due to the slaughtering, rendering of bonesand fats, and plucking processes. The wastewater mostly consists of proteins,blood, fat and feathers. Nutrients available in the wastewater may enhance thegrowth of microorganisms, thus, it allows biological treatment to be usedeffectively. On the other hand, there are problems associated with biologicaltreatment processes such as nutrients promoting algae growth. The controlvariables for the attached growth in RBC were wastewater detention time, effectivesurface for attached growth, disc submerged level in the wastewater basin, shaftrotation for aeration, pH control and supplementary nutrients. The attachedgrowth resulted to high COD refPoval. The best treatment was obtained after 24hours with 29 % disc submergence level. The effective surface area for cellgrowth was 10.7 m2 using 60 discs mounted on a shaft. The microorganismused for the attached microbial growth was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The shaftwas rotating at 11 rpm. The treatment was improved with the addition of 1 v/vof 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide solution to the wastewater for controlling pH. A91 % COD removal was obtained with RBC operating at optimum conditions,with a DO concentration of 3.98 mg/l.Key words: Rotating biological contactors, Aerobic treatment, Poultry processing wastewater,Saccharomyces cereuisiae,Attached growth.
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Musa Muzaiyin, Alwi. "PERILAKU PEDAGANG UNGGAS DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM (The Behavior of Poultry Traders Viewed from Islamic Business Ethics Perspective)." Qawãnïn: Journal of Economic Syaria Law 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/qawanin.v5i1.2945.
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Perdagangan merupakan bentuk usaha yang banyak dijalankan oleh manusia diseluruh dunia, mulai dari berdagang berbagai macam kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari atau kebutuhan primer, sampai menjual kebutuhan akan barang mewah demi kepuasan manusia. Di sini peneliti akan membahas tentang perdagangan unggas; dimana setiap harinya terdapat jutaan pedagang unggas yang berdagang di pasar. Dari besarnya jumlah pedagang tersebut tentunya tidak semuanya mempunyai perilaku sesuai dengan etika maupun aturan dalam berdagang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perilaku pedagang unggas ditinjau dalam perspektif etika bisnis Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, yaitusuatu pengujian secara rinci terhadap suatu latar atau satu orang objek, satu keadaan, tempat penyimpanandokumen atau peristiwa. Adapun metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode interview/wawancara, observasi/ pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Analisis datanya menggunakan reduksi data atau penyederhanaanya (data reduction), paparan atau sajian data (data display), dan penarikan kesimpulan (conclucion). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pada dasarnya para pedagang unggas yang ada di Pasar sepenuhnya melakukan suatu aktifitas dagangnya yang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam. Karena di sana telah ditemukan perilaku-perilaku dari beberapa oknum pedagang yang menyimpang dari akidah Islam, yakni bertentangan dengan al-Qur’an dan Hadits. Diantaranya adalah adanya pedagang yang menjual ayam tiren (mati kemaren) kepada para penadah untuk dijual kembali dalam bentuk mentah maupun makanan matang. Selain itu ada juga pedagang yang melakukan penyiksaan kepada unggas dengan mencabuti bulu unggas yang masih hidup untuk dijual bulunya kepada penadah untuk diolah menjadi shuttlecock. Selanjutnya mencegat pedagang lain maupun masyarakat yang ingin menjual unggasnya ke pasar untuk memasuki pasar, dan juga adanya pedagang yang menjual ayam jantan untuk digunakan berbuat maksiat berupa sabung ayam. Tetapi di lain sisi masih banyak pedagang yang berperilaku sesuai dengan etika bisnis Islam. Yaitu dengan mengedepankan kejujuran, keterbukaan, sopan santun dan juga adanya sifat saling menghormati dan menghargai antar sesama pedagang. Dan tentunya sifat-sifat tersebut sesuai dengan dalil-dalil al-Qur’an dan juga tuntunan-tuntunan di dalam Hadits.Trade is a form of business that is widely carried out by humans throughout the world, starting from trading various kinds of daily necessities or primary needs, to selling the need for luxury goods for human satisfaction. Here the researcher will discuss the poultry trade; where every day there are millions of poultry traders who trade in the market. Of the large number of traders, of course, not all of them have behavior in accordance with the ethics and rules of trading. This study aims to determine how the behavior of poultry traders is viewed from the perspective of Islamic business ethics. This research uses a qualitative approach, while the research used is a case study, which is a detailed examination of a setting or an object, a situation, a place to store documents or events. The data collection method uses interview / interview, observation / observation and documentation methods. Data analysis using data reduction or simplification (data reduction), exposure or data presentation (data display), and drawing conclusions (conclusions). The results of the study revealed that basically the poultry traders in the market fully carry out their trading activities in accordance with Islamic teachings. Because there have been found the behaviors of some unscrupulous traders who deviate from the Islamic faith, which is contrary to the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Among them are traders who sell tiren chickens (died yesterday) to traders for resale in raw or cooked food. In addition, there are also traders who torture poultry by plucking the feathers of living birds to sell their feathers to collectors to be processed into shuttlecocks. Then intercept other traders and people who want to sell their poultry to the market to enter the market, and there are also traders who sell roosters to be used for immoral acts in the form of cock fighting. But on the other hand, there are still many traders who behave in accordance with Islamic business ethics. Namely by promoting honesty, openness, courtesy and also the nature of mutual respect and respect among fellow traders. And of course these characteristics are in accordance with the arguments of al-Qur'an and also the guides in the Hadith.
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"Bird Feather Removal Machine: Design and Development." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c4199.098319.
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Poultry product have seen increasing consumers demand in recent times and processing of poultry meat is a pain staking process which is becoming extremely tasking and uneconomical given the increase in demand especially in the rural community where there is no ready access to sophisticated equipment. The Nigerian poultry sector is extremely fragmented as most poultry farmers dedicate a small setup space to satisfy small scale demand of less than 1,000 birds [1]. In commercial events, the development of a poultry de-feathering machine becomes of high priority to meet the demand for poultry products. This paper therefore advocates the implementation of the modified defeathering machine as a suitable substitute of the tradition system which is slow and tedious. This proposed system improves on the defeathering machine with the implementation of a boiling chamber for first stage scalding, and a hot spray channel directly in the plucking chamber
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Morris, Kristen L., and Sarah K. Slocum. "Functional analysis and treatment of self‐injurious feather plucking in a black vulture (Coragyps atratus)." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, September 15, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaba.639.
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Wu, Ping, Ting-Xin Jiang, Mingxing Lei, Chih-Kuan Chen, Shu-Man Hsieh Li, Randall B. Widelitz, and Cheng-Ming Chuong. "Cyclic growth of dermal papilla and regeneration of follicular mesenchymal components during feather cycling." Development 148, no. 18 (August 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.198671.
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ABSTRACT How dermis maintains tissue homeostasis in cyclic growth and wounding is a fundamental unsolved question. Here, we study how dermal components of feather follicles undergo physiological (molting) and plucking injury-induced regeneration in chickens. Proliferation analyses reveal quiescent, transient-amplifying (TA) and long-term label-retaining dermal cell (LRDC) states. During the growth phase, LRDCs are activated to make new dermal components with distinct cellular flows. Dermal TA cells, enriched in the proximal follicle, generate both peripheral pulp, which extends distally to expand the epithelial-mesenchymal interactive interface for barb patterning, and central pulp, which provides nutrition. Entering the resting phase, LRDCs, accompanying collar bulge epidermal label-retaining cells, descend to the apical dermal papilla. In the next cycle, these apical dermal papilla LRDCs are re-activated to become new pulp progenitor TA cells. In the growth phase, lower dermal sheath can generate dermal papilla and pulp. Transcriptome analyses identify marker genes and highlight molecular signaling associated with dermal specification. We compare the cyclic topological changes with those of the hair follicle, a convergently evolved follicle configuration. This work presents a model for analyzing homeostasis and tissue remodeling of mesenchymal progenitors.
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Anjana, R. R., P. V. Parikh, J. K. Mahla, D. N. Kelawala, K. P. Patel, and S. N. Ashwath. "Comparative evaluation of isoflurane and sevoflurane in avian patients." Veterinary World, May 4, 2021, 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1067-1073.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Aim: Literature comparing the use of isoflurane and sevoflurane inhalation anesthetic agents in birds is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane during induction, maintenance, and recovery of anesthesia in avian patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 injured avian patients (n=24) were selected randomly and divided into four groups during kite flying festival. In the present study, isoflurane and sevoflurane were used as induction and maintenance anesthetic agents, with and without butorphanol tartrate premedication agent in all the birds. Different physiological parameters were evaluated, namely, cloacal temperature (°F), heart rate (beats/min), respiratory rate (breaths/min), and SpO2 (%) were recorded at 0, 10, 20 min, and at recovery time. The quality of anesthesia was assessed on the basis of induction time, quality of induction, production of analgesia, muscle relaxation, body reflexes, recovery time, quality of recovery, sitting, standing, and complete recovery time (CRT). Results: The mean±standard error value of induction time was 230.00±32.55, 280.00±25.29, 180.00±21.90, and 260.00±36.87 s, respectively, in Groups I, II, III, and IV. The feather plucking, pharyngeal, and toe pinching reflexes were noticed, when the birds were passing through the light plane of anesthesia during induction. Comparison of cloacal temperature at the time of recovery between Group-I versus Group-III revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). Comparison of mean respiratory rates at the time of recovery between Group-II versus Group-IV revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). Excellent quality of recovery was observed in all the groups of anesthetic protocols. Sitting, standing, and CRT were observed shortest in avian patients maintained with sevoflurane as compared to isoflurane. Conclusion: The quality of induction of anesthesia was rapid in avian patients when induced with sevoflurane as compared to isoflurane. Rapid onset of induction and recovery of anesthesia were found with sevoflurane followed by isoflurane. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia in avian patients with sevoflurane resulted in the lowest time required for sitting, standing, and CRT.