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Lee, Jungnam, Sohee Lee, Hanul Kim, Jaewoong Bae, and Jin-Seok Park. "Gut Microbial Profile Changes in Patients with Gallbladder Stones after UDCA/CDCA Treatment." Biomedicines 11, no. 3 (2023): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030777.
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Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) are used to treat patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic gallstone disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of gallbladder (GB) stone dissolution by UDCA/CDCA and the impact of treatment on gut microbial profiles. Methods: Fifteen treatment-naive patients with GB stones were initially included, but two dropped out during the treatment period. UDCA/CDCA was administered for 6 months. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate response to treatment. In addition, fecal samples were collected before and after treatment for gut microbiome profiling. Then, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was carried out on fecal samples obtained before and after treatment, and results were compared with those of forty healthy controls. Results: Eight (62%) of the thirteen evaluable patients treated with UDCA/CDCA responded to treatment (four achieved complete GB stone resolution and four partial dissolution). Taxonomic compositions of fecal samples at the phylum level showed a significantly lower relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum in the pre-UDCA/CDCA group than in the healthy control group (p = 0.024). At the genus level, the relative abundances of five bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Lachnospira, Streptococcus, and Alistipes) differed in the control and pre-UDCA/CDCA group. Interestingly, the abundance of Roseburia was restored after 6 months of UDCA/CDCA treatment. Conclusion: Gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in GB stone patients and partially reversed by UDCA/CDCA treatment, which also effectively dissolved GB stones.
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Litvinenko, I. V., E. V. Pronkina, M. V. Rostovtsev, N. V. Nudnov, and M. A. Godzhello. "Giant fecal calculus of the proximal colon. Clinical observation." Medical Visualization, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2019-2-71-75.
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Fecal stones are a collection of solid feces, most often in the distal colon. The formation of fecal stones occurs in people with damage to the autonomic nervous system (Chagas or Hirschsprung's disease), elderly patients suffering from prolonged constipation. Symptoms of coprolites are usually not specific (discomfort in the abdomen, constipation followed by severe diarrhea, weight loss). At clinical examination it is possible to suspect tumor formation. In diagnosis using a colonoscopy, X-ray methods (irrigoscopy, radiography of the abdomen, CT, MRI). The occurrence of fecal concretions can lead to complications such as intestinal obstruction, bedsores in the area of the fit of the stone, ulcers, bleeding, perforation, fecal peritonitis, the formation of a tumor process in the intestinal wall. Treatment is often conservative, in complicated cases surgery.Present a rare case of intestinal obstruction in an 85-year-old male with colostoma caused by obstruction by a giant fecal calculus in an atypical location (proximal colon), with an erased clinical picture and diagnostic difficulties.
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Mikhaylin, Evgeniy Sergeevich, Lada Anatol’evna Ivanova, Aleksey Gennad’evich Savitskiy, et al. "Coprostasia and pregnancy (clinical observation)." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 64, no. 4 (2015): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd64457-61.
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The article presents the case of the formation of a giant fecal stone in 34 weeks of pregnancy, which demanded the differential diagnosis of tumors originating from the pelvis. The patient was conducted multistage finger fragmentation of the fecal stone, alternating with the enema. The patient was discharge home with progressing pregnancy.
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Denburg, Michelle R., Kristen Koepsell, Jung-Jin Lee, Jeffrey Gerber, Kyle Bittinger, and Gregory E. Tasian. "Perturbations of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Children with Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 31, no. 6 (2020): 1358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2019101131.
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BackgroundThe relationship between the composition and function of gut microbial communities and early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study of 88 individuals aged 4–18 years, which included 44 individuals with kidney stones containing ≥50% calcium oxalate and 44 controls matched for age, sex, and race. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on stool samples.ResultsParticipants who were kidney stone formers had a significantly less diverse gut microbiome compared with controls. Among bacterial taxa with a prevalence >0.1%, 31 taxa were less abundant among individuals with nephrolithiasis. These included seven taxa that produce butyrate and three taxa that degrade oxalate. The lower abundance of these bacteria was reflected in decreased abundance of the gene encoding butyryl-coA dehydrogenase (P=0.02). The relative abundance of these bacteria was correlated with the levels of 18 fecal metabolites, and levels of these metabolites differed in individuals with kidney stones compared with controls. The oxalate-degrading bacterial taxa identified as decreased in those who were kidney stone formers were components of a larger abundance correlation network that included Eggerthella lenta and several Lactobacillus species. The microbial (α) diversity was associated with age of stone onset, first decreasing and then increasing with age. For the individuals who were stone formers, we found the lowest α diversity among individuals who first formed stones at age 9–14 years, whereas controls displayed no age-related differences in diversity.ConclusionsLoss of gut bacteria, particularly loss of those that produce butyrate and degrade oxalate, associates with perturbations of the metabolome that may be upstream determinants of early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
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Joubran, Patrick, Françoise A. Roux, Matteo Serino, and Jack-Yves Deschamps. "Gut Microbiota Comparison in Rectal Swabs Versus Stool Samples in Cats with Kidney Stones." Microorganisms 12, no. 12 (2024): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122411.
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To investigate the role of the intestinal bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in cats, a condition characterized by the formation of kidney stones, it is desirable to identify a sample collection method that accurately reflects the microbiota’s composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fecal sample collection methods on the intestinal microbiota composition in two cat populations: healthy cats and kidney stone-diseased cats. The study included eighteen cats from the same colony, comprising nine healthy cats and nine cats with spontaneously occurring presumed calcium oxalate kidney stones. Three fecal collection methods were compared: rectal swabs, the collection of fresh stool, and the collection of stool exposed to ambient air for 24 h. The bacterial microbiota was analyzed through the high-resolution sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. For all cats, within the same individual, a one-way PERMANOVA analysis showed a significant difference between the rectal swabs and fresh stool (p = 0.0003), as well as between the rectal swabs and stool exposed to ambient air for 24 h (p = 0.0003), but no significant difference was identified between the fresh stool and non-fresh stool (p = 0.0651). When comparing the two populations of cats, this study provides seemingly conflicting results. (1) A principal component analysis (PCA) comparison revealed a significant difference in the bacterial composition between the healthy cats and the cats with kidney stones only when the sample was a fresh fecal sample (p = 0.0037). This finding suggests that the intestinal bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of kidney stones in cats are luminal and strictly anaerobic bacteria. Consequently, exposure to ambient air results in a loss of information, preventing the identification of dysbiosis. For clinical studies, non-fresh stool samples provided by owners does not appear suitable for studying the gut microbiota of cats with kidney stones; fresh stool should be favored. (2) Interestingly, the rectal swabs alone highlighted significant differences in the proportion of major phyla between the two populations. These findings highlight the critical importance of carefully selecting fecal collection methods when studying feline gut microbiota. Combining rectal swabs and fresh stool sampling provides complementary insights, offering the most accurate understanding of the gut microbiota composition in the context of feline kidney stone pathogenesis.
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Nguyen, Thi Huyen Trang, and Xuan Hien Nguyen. "Characteristics of ultrasound images and computed tomography in the diagnosis of cecal diverticulitis." Vietnamese Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, no. 44 (January 8, 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55046/vjrnm.44.7.2021.
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Objectives: Describe the characteristics of ultrasound images and computed tomography in the diagnosis of cecal diverticulitis.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study on 49 patients who underwent ultrasound and computed tomography at the Center of Radiology in Bach Mai Hospital, diagnosed with cecal diverticulitis on CT, was treated at Bach Mai Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021.Results: ultrasound showed diverticulum 63.3%, inside diverticulum there was fecal stone 18.3%, gas or fecal content 18.3%, fluid 26.5%, diverticulum wall thickness (>2mm) 28.6%, cecal wall thickness 95.9%, fat infiltration around the diverticulum or caecum 81.6%. 47/49 patients had thickened cecal wall, 89.8% thickened around the circumference. CT scan, 71.4% had 1 diverticulum, 20.4% had multiple diverticula, 10.2% had gas in the diverticulum, 55.1% had fecal stones, 26.5% had fluid in the diverticulum, thickened diverticulum (>2mm) 71.4%, 95.9% thickening of the cecum wall.Conclusions: Ultrasonography and CT imaging are very valuable imaging tools for determining the diagnosis, extent of lesions and complications of cecal diverticulitis, and are meaningful in clinical practice for choosing treatment methods.
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Odom, Stephen R., Mordechai Gemer, and Arturo P. Muyco. "Lithopedion Presenting as Intra-abdominal Abscess and Fecal Fistula: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature." American Surgeon 72, no. 1 (2006): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480607200119.
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PLACER, JOSÉ, RAMÓN CORTADELLAS, FELIX GRASES, and ANTONI GELABERT-MAS. "Fecal and Urinary Obstruction by a Stone in Ureterosigmoidostomy." Journal of Urology 170, no. 2 (2003): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000075142.14770.78.
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TERAOKA, Yoshifumi, Tatsuya OKIMOTO, Michinori ARITA, Yuka UEDA, Takayuki NOMIMURA, and Shinkichiro YOSHIOKA. "A CASE OF CAECUM NECROSIS CAUSED BY FECAL STONE OBSTRUCTION." Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association) 67, no. 7 (2006): 1605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3919/jjsa.67.1605.
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Zhou, Chenhao, Kai Li, Lun Zhao, et al. "The Relationship between Urinary Stones and Gut Microbiomeby 16S Sequencing." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 5, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1582187.
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Objective. To understand the relationship between urinary stones and the gut microbiome and to screen for microbial species that may be involved in stone formation. Methods. Stool samples were collected from patients with urolithiasis and healthy patients between March and December 2017. The samples were analyzed by 16S sequencing to determine differences in the microbiome profiles between the two groups. The mouse model was established and was divided into two groups. Fecal samples were collected from the mice before gavage and three weeks postgavage for microbiome analysis. The microbial population of each group was analyzed to screen for microbial species that may affect the formation of urinary stones. Differences in the number of crystals in the renal tubules of the mice were examined by necropsy. Results. The microbial composition was different between urolithiasis patients and healthy controls. The urolithiasis patients had significantly reduced microbial abundance; however, increased proportions of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were detected compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the abundance of Alistipesindistinctus and Odoribactersplanchnicus was significantly increased in the urolithiasis patients compared to the healthy controls. In addition, the incidence of urolithiasis was much higher in the experimental mouse group (stone solution + urolithiasis patient stool) than in the control mouse group. However, the microbial abundance before gavage was not significantly different from that seen three weeks postgavage. Conclusion. Theurolithiasis patients in this study had a different gut microbiome when compared with that of healthy individuals. The altered microbiome increased the rate of crystal formation in renal tubules and accelerated urinary stone formation in the mouse model of urolithiasis.
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HARIMA, Satoko, Shinichi HASHIMOTO, Takaharu MATSUNAGA, et al. "A Case of Barium Fecal Stone Successfully Treated with Polypectomy Snare." Yamaguchi Medical Journal 61, no. 4 (2012): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2342/ymj.61.147.
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Stern, Joshua M., Marcia Urban-Maldonado, Mykhaylo Usyk, et al. "Fecal transplant modifies urine chemistry risk factors for urinary stone disease." Physiological Reports 7, no. 4 (2019): e14012. http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14012.
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Coffey, Emily, Eva Furrow, Timothy Griffin, and Aaron Miller. "458 Defining the impact of short-chain fatty acids on the gut–urinary axis in a naturally occurring canine model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 9, s1 (2025): 135. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.1052.
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Objectives/Goals: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) exert protective effects against calcium oxalate (CaOx) urinary stone formation in experimental rodent models, yet these effects are not understood in natural stone formers. This study will define the impact of SCFAs on stone risk factors along the gut–kidney axis in a natural canine model of CaOx stone disease. Methods/Study Population: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial will be performed using a crossover study design. Twenty dogs that are natural CaOx stone formers will be fed a standardized diet and randomized to receive either a daily prebiotic fiber (inulin) that stimulates SCFA production or a placebo. We will perform fecal shotgun metagenomics and SCFA quantification before and after each intervention (four timepoints) to identify how inulin and SCFAs enrich or deplete pathways relevant to stone formation within the gut microbiome. RT-qPCR will be performed to determine the effects of SCFAs on intestinal oxalate transporter gene expression (SLC26A3 and SLC26A6). At each timepoint, urinary shotgun metagenomics and quantification of urine biochemical profiles used to predict stone risk will also be performed. Results/Anticipated Results: We anticipate that prebiotic stimulation of SCFAs with inulin will reduce stone risk factors along the gut–urinary axis in a natural canine model of urinary stone disease. Specifically, we anticipate that prebiotic stimulation of SCFAs will 1) modify gut and urinary microbial communities to promote pathways considered protective against stone formation, 2) alter the expression of oxalate transporters (SLC26A3, SLC26A6) to reduce net oxalate absorption, and 3) reduce stone-promoting metabolites (e.g., oxalate) in the urine. Discussion/Significance of Impact: By defining the impact of prebiotic fibers and SCFAs on the gut–urinary axis in a natural animal model of CaOx urolithiasis, we will lay the foundation for novel nutritional strategies to prevent CaOx stone disease in both humans and animals.
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Ticinesi, Andrea, Antonio Nouvenne, Giulia Chiussi, Giampiero Castaldo, Angela Guerra, and Tiziana Meschi. "Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Gut Microbiota: Not just a Gut-Kidney Axis. A Nutritional Perspective." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020548.
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Recent studies have shown that patients with kidney stone disease, and particularly calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, exhibit dysbiosis in their fecal and urinary microbiota compared with controls. The alterations of microbiota go far beyond the simple presence and representation of Oxalobacter formigenes, a well-known symbiont exhibiting a marked capacity of degrading dietary oxalate and stimulating oxalate secretion by the gut mucosa. Thus, alterations of the intestinal microbiota may be involved in the pathophysiology of calcium kidney stones. However, the role of nutrition in this gut-kidney axis is still unknown, even if nutritional imbalances, such as poor hydration, high salt, and animal protein intake and reduced fruit and vegetable intake, are well-known risk factors for kidney stones. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the gut-kidney axis in nephrolithiasis from a nutritional perspective, summarizing the evidence supporting the role of nutrition in the modulation of microbiota composition, and their relevance for the modulation of lithogenic risk.
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Assimos, Dean G. "Re: Fecal Transplant Modifies Urine Chemistry Risk Factors for Urinary Stone Disease." Journal of Urology 202, no. 2 (2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000559609.65417.2e.
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Miyata, Hiroshi, Shigeyuki Tamura, Kazuhiro Okagawa, et al. "A Case of Appendicitis Perforativa with a Fecal Stone Complicated by Right Hydronephrosis." Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery 30, no. 7 (1997): 1794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5833/jjgs.30.1794.
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Styazhkina, S. N., M. N. Klimentov, A. K. Akhmetshina, and R. R. Yakupov. "The clinical case of a giant fecal stone complicated by acute colonic obstruction." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 181, no. 4 (2022): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2022-181-4-77-79.
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Petrov, Dionisiy A., and Olga V. Shcherbakova. "Late diagnostics of Hirschsprung’s disease in a 17-year-old girl: a clinical observation." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, no. 5 (2023): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55308/1560-9510-2023-27-5-353-356.
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Introduction. The congenital absence of nerve ganglia in the intermuscular and submucosal nerve plexuses of the colon in Hirschsprung’s disease leads to impaired motility and the risk of intestinal obstruction. Most often, Hirschsprung’s disease diagnosis is put in the neonatal period or in early childhood. Rare cases of late diagnostics may be associated with a blurred clinical picture, as well as with delay in histological verification of aganglionosis.
 Clinical observation. This clinical observation describes a case of 17-year-old patient who was admitted to the surgical department with complaints on the lack of independent stool, a large fecal stone, abdominal pain. The patient could not have the self-emptying stool since her birth. Conservative therapy had only a partial positive effect. Irrigography findings caused a suspicion on agangliosis pathology of the rectosigmoid colon; however, histological verification of the diagnosis has never been made. Immunohistochemical examination of bioptats of the rectal mucous for calretinin had confirmed the Hirschsprung’s disease, and the first stage of surgical treatment was performed – resection of the sigmoid colon section with a fecal stone and descendostomy formation. Radical surgery was postponed because of patient’s pregnancy.
 Conclusion. Late diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease is still a problem even in classical forms of the disease. It is important to be alert in older children and adults with a history of long-lasting constipation. Morphological examination of the neural ganglia of the colon is a key point in verifying the diagnosis.
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SAKASHITA, Katsuya, Yuji KANEOKA, Atsuyuki MAEDA, Yuichi TAKAYAMA, Takamasa TAKAHASHI, and Muneyasu KIRIYAMA. "A Case of Obstructive Colitis due to a Fecal Stone in the Transverse Colon." Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association) 82, no. 4 (2021): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3919/jjsa.82.756.
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Guerra-Filho, Vicente, Tarcizo Afonso Nunes, and Ivana Duval Araújo. "Perioperative fluorocholangiography with routine indication versus selective indication in laparoscopic cholecystectomy." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 44, no. 3 (2007): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032007000300017.
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BACKGROUND: The use of routine or selective peroperatory cholangiography in cholecystectomy is a matter of controversy in literature. AIM: To compare the efficacy of selective or routine fluorocholangiography in diagnostic of common bile duct stone in patients underwent to laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on selective indication criteria. METHOD: Two hundred and fifty four patients with cholelithiasis were prospectively studied. The patients were divided in two groups: to the first 127 patients perioperative fluorocholangiography was indicated as routine (group 1), and to the other 127 patients perioperative fluorocholangiography indication followed clinical criteria (jaundice, choluria, fecal acholia and history of pancreatitis), laboratory criteria (increase in seric alkaline phosphatase, bilirubins, amylase) or ultra-sonographyc criteria (less than 6 mm diameter calculi, common bile duct stone, common bile duct diameter more than 6 mm). A comparative assessment of the difference in common bile duct stone diagnosis, fluorocholangiography success index and reliability of the selective criteria of indication for perioperative fluorocholangiography was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Perioperative fluorocholangiography was successfully performed in 102 of the 127 patients from group 1 (a rate of 80.3%), and in 59 of the 71 patients from group 2 (a rate of 83.1%). In the 102 patients of group 1 who underwent perioperative fluorocholangiography, 11 (10.8%) presented common bile duct stone, 4 (3.9%) presented common bile duct dilatation, and 1 (1%) had a false-positive image. In the 59 patients from group 2, 7 (11.7%) presented common bile duct stone and one (1.7%) presented a common bile duct diatation. In another situation, when application of selective indication criteria to perioperative fluorocholangiography was simulated in group 1 patients, we observed that only in one patient with common bile duct stone the diagnostic would not have been made. Fluorocholangiography selective indication criteria presented sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 46.2%. The main causes of fluorocholangiography failure were biliary pedicle inflammation and cystic duct size and caliber variations. CONCLUSION: There was not a significant difference in common bile duct stone diagnostic through perioperative fluorocholangiography between the groups of patients with selective and routine indication, validating the examination selective indication criteria, with a sensitivity of 90.9%, despite the specificity of 46.2 % - 43 patients were selected to the flourocholangiography and common bile duct stone was not diagnosed.
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Cao, Cheng, Feng Li, Qi Ding, et al. "Potassium sodium hydrogen citrate intervention on gut microbiota and clinical features in uric acid stone patients." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 108, no. 1 (2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12953-y.
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Abstract The high recurrence rate of renal uric acid stone (UAS) poses a significant challenge for urologists, and potassium sodium hydrogen citrate (PSHC) has been proven to be an effective oral dissolution drug. However, no studies have investigated the impact of PSHC on gut microbiota and its metabolites during stone dissolution therapy. We prospectively recruited 37 UAS patients and 40 healthy subjects, of which 12 patients completed a 3-month pharmacological intervention. Fasting vein blood was extracted and mid-stream urine was retained for biochemical testing. Fecal samples were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content determination. UAS patients exhibited comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, gout, and dyslipidemia. The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were significantly decreased in UAS patients, Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were dominant genera while Subdoligranulum and Bifidobacterium were poorly enriched. After PSHC intervention, there was a significant reduction in stone size accompanied by decreased serum uric acid and increased urinary pH levels. The abundance of pathogenic bacterium Fusobacterium was significantly downregulated following the intervention, whereas there was an upregulation observed in SCFA-producing bacteria Lachnoclostridium and Parasutterella, leading to a significant elevation in butyric acid content. Functions related to fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism within the microbiota showed upregulation following PSHC intervention. The correlation analysis revealed a positive association between stone pathogenic bacteria abundance and clinical factors for stone formation, while a negative correlation with SCFAs contents. Our preliminary study revealed that alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites were the crucial physiological adaptation to PSHC intervention. Targeted regulation of microbiota and SCFA holds promise for enhancing drug therapy efficacy and preventing stone recurrence. Key points • Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were identified as dominant genera for UAS patients • After PSHC intervention, Fusobacterium decreased and butyric acid content increased • The microbiota increased capacity for fatty acid synthesis after PSHC intervention
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G., Manohar, Indira P, Satya Kumari Kunche, et al. "Acute Urinary Retention in Children: A Retrospective Study Done in Tertiary Care Government General Hospital." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 1 (2024): 473–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11095030.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> In childhood urinary retention is a rare entity with only sparse literature on the etiology. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In a retrospective study, we reviewed the hospital records of all of the children younger than 12 years old who presented with AUR (Acute urinary retention). Data on the cases referred between 2021 and 2023 were collected from Guntur Medical College & few other Government medical colleges in Andhra Pradesh. <strong>Results:</strong> This study included 42 children 28 boys (66.7%) one year to 12 years (median age 4.5 years) and 14 girls (33.3%) one year to 12 years (median age 4.2 years). The most common cause in our study was mechanical obstruction in 21 children (50%). Infections were documented in 10 children (23.8%). Fecal impaction was seen in 6 patients. Neurological causes were seen in 1 case. No cause was found in 3 patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most common cause of acute urinary retention was lower urinary tract stones in our pediatric cases. Urinary retention in children has various etiologies. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment are needed because it is often associated with severe underlying disorders.
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Amendola, Mariângela, Anderson L. de Souza, and Denis M. Roston. "Numerical simulation of fecal coliform reduction at a constructed wetland." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 7, no. 3 (2003): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662003000300021.
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The aim of this research was to use experimental planning to collect data and also to establish a methodology to compare them with theoretical data, where both are associated to the dynamics of reduction in pollutants in a natural treatment system for wastewater. The experimental data were collected and evaluated from two of these systems, built according to Valentim & Amendola (1999) and Collaço (2001), at the Center of Mechanization and Agricultural Automation of the Agricultural Institute of Campinas, located in Jundiaí, SP, Brazil. These systems were rectangular in shape; one with crushed stone and another with chopped tires used as support bed to hold the plants, both with macrophyte species Typha sp. The theoretical data were obtained from a mathematical model, adapted to describe the physical process of subsurface flow. The numerical simulations using the implicit finite difference numerical method were carried out using MATLAB 6.1 software. The results of the comparative analysis between theoretical and experimental data are presented for the two types of support beds. Some coefficients and parameters were adjusted to characterize the constructed systems. The results obtained were analyzed and some conclusions about the physical process as well as those about the adequacy of the mathematical model were made.
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Shidiki, Amrullah, Dipak Bhargava, Ravi Shankar Gupta, Akhtar Alam Ansari, and Bijay Raj Pandit. "Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Drinking Water in Tokha, Kathmandu, Nepal." Med Phoenix 1, no. 1 (2017): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v1i1.17881.
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Background: This study reports the comparative studies and microbial risk assessment of different water samples used for drinking water. The results obtained were compared with WHO and EPA standards for drinking and recreational water.Methods: Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water samples were carried out from source, taps, well and stone spouts used for drinking purpose in Tokha (Saraswati and Chandeswari Village Development Committee). Total viable count was carried out by pour plate technique. Total coli form and fecal coli form were performed by membrane filtration technique. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nepal Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards for drinking water.Results: The pH, total hardness, chloride, nitrate and arsenic content of samples were found within permissible guideline value however well sample was found to exceed Nepal standard values for calcium hardness and ammonia content. The total viable counts for all the water samples were high exceeding the limit for water (1.0×102 cfu/ ml). All the water samples were found to contain coli forms and fecal organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO/FAO standards for water. The fecal coli form colonies on M-endo agar plate ranged between 143 and 152 and total coli form from 110 to 248 per 100 ml water also exceed the standard limit for water. The Isolated organisms were identified to be E.coli, Klebsiella spp. And Citrobacter spp.MED PhoenixVolume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: 15-18
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Herwindo, Wildan, Ingerawi Sekaring Bumi, Yuny Iryanti, and Diar Nilam Kamilia Setiyono. "Wastewater reuse for irrigation using constructed wetland in Jamblang Irrigation Area, Cirebon, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1438, no. 1 (2025): 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1438/1/012006.
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Abstract Natural stone industry wastewater causes water pollution to the Jamblang River, the main water source of 2,200 hectares of rice fields in the Jamblang Irrigation Area, Palimanan District, Cirebon Regency, Indonesia. This water pollution can result in a decrease in rice productivity due to contamination of water sources. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve water quality so that polluted water can be reused for rice field irrigation. Reusing wastewater is a solution to facing the problem of increasing water demand and water scarcity, it also can make a significant contribution for controlling pollutants in the environment. In this research, a treatment prototype was built to improve the quality of natural stone industry wastewater, then it can be reused for rice field irrigation. The treatments consists of initial treatment in the form of a coarse filter using bamboo and a fine filter using a mosquito ram, primary treatments with a sand trap, and secondary and tertiary treatment using artificial wetlands. The results of the research show that based on 15 parameters, the efficiency of reducing pollutants in improving water quality is between 8% - 99%, especially for the TSS, COD, Total Phosphate, and Fecal Coliform parameters that can meet class II water quality requirements for irrigation.
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Sarkar, Bibudhendra, Erika Mitchell, Seth Frisbie, Laurie Grigg, Sagar Adhikari, and Rejina Maskey Byanju. "Drinking Water Quality and Public Health in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Coliform Bacteria, Chemical Contaminants, and Health Status of Consumers." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (February 12, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3895859.
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Residents of Nepal’s Kathmandu Valley draw drinking water from tube wells, dug wells, and stone spouts, all of which have been reported to have serious water quality issues. In this study, we analyzed drinking water samples from 35 tube wells, dug wells, stone spouts, and municipal tap water for bacterial and chemical contaminants, including total and fecal coliform, aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, fluoride, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, thallium, uranium, vanadium, and zinc. We also asked a sampling of households who used these specific water sources to rate the taste of their water, list any waterborne diseases they were aware of, and share basic health information about household members. This survey provided us with information from 146 households and 603 individuals. We found widespread bacterial contamination of water sources, with 94% of sources having detectable total or fecal coliform. Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) Drinking-Water Guidelines or health-based values were exceeded for aluminum (max = 0.53 mg/L), arsenic (max = 0.071 mg/L), iron (max = 7.22 mg/L), and manganese (max = 3.229 mg/L). The distribution of water sources with high arsenic, iron, and manganese appeared to be associated with floodplain deposits. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to examine the interactions between social factors and water contaminants and their effects on household members’ health. Consumers of water sources with both high and low concentrations of manganese were less likely to have a positive attitude towards school than those whose water sources had moderate concentrations of manganese. Social factors, especially education, played a large role in predicting individual health outcomes. Household taste ratings of drinking water were not correlated with iron or manganese concentrations, suggesting that WHO’s reliance on aesthetic criteria for these contaminants instead of formal drinking-water guidelines may not be sufficient to protect public health.
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Ulker, Volkan, and Orcun Celik. "Endoscopic, Single-Session Management of Encrusted, Forgotten Ureteral Stents." Medicina 55, no. 3 (2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030058.
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Background and Objectives: Remained or forgotten ureteral double-J stents may cause serious complications. Removing of an encrusted, forgotten stent can be challenging. We present our experience with heavily encrusted ureteral stents and discuss the endourologic treatment options as well as their effectivity. Materials and Methods: Eleven men and six women (mean 48.58 ± 14.48 years of age) with 18 encrusted forgotten stents (mean 16.4 ± 13.25 months of indwelling) were treated at our clinic. All patients underwent the operation after negative urine cultures were obtained. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in terms of number of interventions required to remove the stent, operation time, complications, hospital stay and stone-free rate. Results: According to the Forgotten-Encrusted-Calcified (FECal) classification, the most common form of stent encrustation was grade III (64.7%) and 17.6% of the stents were fragmented. Four of 17 patients were initially treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. The patients required a mean of two endoscopic interventions for removing the encrusted stent and all stents were removed endoscopically in a single session. The mean operating time was 63.3 ± 41.8 minutes. Cystolithotripsy followed by ureteroscopy was the most common intervention (41.1%). Of the 17 patients, peroperative and postoperative complications were Clavien grade I in two, grade II in two and grade IIIb in one. The mean hospital stay was 1.3 ± 0.99 days. All patients were stone-free after a month of stent removal. Conclusions: The endourological removal of the encrusted forgotten stents in a single session is feasible and effective with a minimal morbidity. The treatment strategy should be to minimize the number of interventions.
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Adhikari, Bijaya, Achut Ram Pradhananga, Bindra Devi Shakya, et al. "Drinking Water Quality from Different Sources at Squatter Settlements of Bagmati River Corridors in Kathmandu, Nepal: An Assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI)." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 11, no. 3 (2023): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v11i3.58962.
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People living in squatter settlements are more vulnerable to health hazards due to a lack of potable drinking water. The key mission of this study was to evaluate the water quality from different sources at squatter settlements of Bagmati river corridors in Kathmandu. For this, a total of 131 water samples (24 KUKL pipelines, 29 wells, 35 tube wells, 9 stone spouts, 15 tankers, and 19 jars) were collected from different communities of the settlements from December 2021 to May 2022. The water quality of these sources was assessed using physicochemical and microbiological parameters. The water quality index (WQI) was also used to classify the suitability of different water sources. The results of all parameters were compared against the safe limits of the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS, 2005). Out of 131 water samples, 11.5%, 24.4%, 11.5%, 16.0%, 28.2%, and 16.8% exceeded the NDWQS safe limits for total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, ammonia, iron, and manganese respectively. Likewise, 11.5% and 31.3% of the total water samples were contaminated with fecal and total coliform respectively. Tube well source was found highly contaminated both in physicochemical and microbiological form whereas jar water demonstrated more suitability for drinking purposes. Estimated WQI values also revealed well and tube well sources as poor, KUKL pipeline, stone spout, tanker sources as good, and jar as an excellent class of water. Since most of the water sources in this study were polluted, the implementation of appropriate water treatment processes as well as regular monitoring of water sources are strongly recommended.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 11(3): 158-170.
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Halabitska, I. M., and L. S. Babinets. "Analysis of the influence of comorbid pathology on the development of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in primary osteoarthritis." Herald of Pancreatic Club 62, no. 1 (2024): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2024.01.06.
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Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a polyetiological pathogenetic syndrome associated with numerous diseases of the pancreas and other organs (of gastroduodenal and hepatobiliary systems, etc.). Recent studies indicate a developing interest in osteoarthritis (OA) comorbidities. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the risk of developing EPI in comorbid diseases among OA patients have not been adequately investigated. The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of comorbid pathology on the onset and development of EPI in patients with primary OA. Materials and methods. We examined 304 patients with primary OA who had comorbid EPI-associated diseases without exacerbation. According to the type of comorbid pathology associated with EPI, all patients were divided into five categories that were analogous in terms of clinical and gender criteria, the severity of primary OA, and the treatment received: Group 1 (n=62) — patients with OA without comorbid pathology; Group 2 (n=59) — patients with OA in comorbidity with chronic pancreatitis; Group 3 (n=60) — patients with OA in comorbidity with diseases of the biliary system with EPI; Group 4 (n=61) — patients with OA and chronic gastritis and duodenitis; Group 5 (n=62) — patients with OA and diabetes mellitus type 2. Results. The percentage differences in the content of fecal α-elastase in the experimental groups of patients with primary OA were compared to that in the control group: the value of the percentage difference in the content of fecal α-elastase was 5.47% lower in Group 2 compared to Group 5, 4.35% lower in Group 5 compared to Group 3, 9.63% lower in Group 3 compared to Group 4, and 12.82% lower in Group 4 compared to Group 1. Group 1 of patients with primary OA without comorbid pathology had a significantly lower level of fecal α-elastase compared to the control group, indicating a mild degree of EPI, which may have resulted from long-term treatment of OA with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, chondroprotectors, chondrostimulants, etc., which had a toxic effect on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and contributed to the development of gastroenterological pathology, specifically diseases associated with EPI. Conclusion. According to the level of fecal α-elastase and the level of the total final score of the PEI-Q questionnaire, the following ranking of the influence of the most significant comorbid pathology on the state of EPI in patients with primary OA was presented, starting with the greatest: chronic pancreatitis ˃ diabetes mellitus type 2 ˃ chronic non-stone cholecystitis and functional diseases of the gallbladder and biliary system ˃ chronic gastritis and duodenitis (p˂0.05).
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Maslin, Leigh Ann, Bradley R. Weeks, Raymond J. Carroll, David H. Byrne, and Nancy D. Turner. "Chlorogenic Acid and Quercetin in a Diet with Fermentable Fiber Influence Multiple Processes Involved in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis but Do Not Reduce Injury." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (2022): 3706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183706.
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients often avoid foods containing fermentable fibers as some can promote symptoms during active disease. Pectin has been identified as a more protective fermentable fiber, but little has been done to determine the interaction between pectin and bioactive compounds present in foods containing that fiber type. Quercetin and chlorogenic acid, two bioactives in stone fruits, may have anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that quercetin and chlorogenic acid, in the presence of the fermentable fiber pectin, may suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, alter the luminal environment, and alter colonocyte proliferation, thereby protecting against recurring bouts of UC. Rats (n = 63) received one of three purified diets (control, 0.45% quercetin, 0.05% chlorogenic acid) containing 6% pectin for 3 weeks before exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3% for 48 h, 3x, 2 wk separation, n = 11/diet) in drinking water to initiate UC, or control (no DSS, n = 10/diet) treatments prior to termination at 9 weeks. DSS increased the fecal moisture content (p < 0.05) and SCFA concentrations (acetate, p < 0.05; butyrate, p < 0.05). Quercetin and chlorogenic acid diets maintained SLC5A8 (SCFA transporter) mRNA levels in DSS-treated rats at levels similar to those not exposed to DSS. DSS increased injury (p < 0.0001) and inflammation (p < 0.01) scores, with no differences noted due to diet. Compared to the control diet, chlorogenic acid decreased NF-κB activity in DSS-treated rats (p < 0.05). Quercetin and chlorogenic acid may contribute to the healthy regulation of NF-κB activation (via mRNA expression of IκΒα, Tollip, and IL-1). Quercetin enhanced injury-repair molecule FGF-2 expression (p < 0.01), but neither diet nor DSS treatment altered proliferation. Although quercetin and chlorogenic acid did not protect against overt indicators of injury and inflammation, or fecal SCFA concentrations, compared to the control diet, their influence on the expression of injury repair molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, SCFA transport proteins, and NF-κB inhibitory molecules suggests beneficial influences on major pathways involved in DSS-induced UC. Therefore, in healthy individuals or during periods of remission, quercetin and chlorogenic acid may promote a healthier colon, and may suppress some of the signaling involved in inflammation promotion during active disease.
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Mohammadi, Ali. "Heterogeneous long-term and seasonal brine evolution, and Artemia fecal pellet controls on Urmia Lake (NW Iran) salt-crust formation and mineralogy." Journal of Sedimentary Research 94, no. 6 (2024): 854–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2024.070.
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ABSTRACT Urmia Lake resides as a substantial hypersaline lake characterized by notable fluctuations in water salinity, brine composition, and water level over long-term, annual, and seasonal intervals. Extremely rapid water elevation fall (&gt; 7 m) in the last three decades has caused the formation of a salt crust on the lake floor. A manmade stone causeway divided the lake into two relatively deeper northern parts with minimal water inputs and a shallower southern part with maximal river inflows. Restricted water flow through the narrow water passage of the causeway leads to complex salinity processes, brine evolution, and salt-crust formation in Urmia Lake. This research analyzes the ionic composition of lake-sediment and salt-crust pore water, the mineralogy of salt crusts, and the ionic composition of both surface and deep lake waters during both the wet and dry seasons of 2019. The findings indicate that the northern and southern parts of the lake undergo stratification during wet seasons due to significant freshwater input, whereas they become homogenized during dry seasons through progressive evaporative concentration and water mixing. The spatial and temporal variations in the lake brine type (primary Na-Mg-Cl) and ionic composition contribute to the formation of a halite salt crust (NaCl &gt; 97%) with heterogeneous mineralogy and thickness. In Urmia Lake, the variable thickness and mineralogy of the exposed marginal salt crust suggest rapid salt-crust reorganization by annual and seasonal deposition and dissolution processes. Conversely, the submerged central salt crust, with continuous thickening and constant mineralogy, remains unaffected by seasonal variations in brine type and dissolution processes. It is noteworthy to mention that Artemia (a brine shrimp) controls the mineralogy of the lake salt crust through the deposition of calcium and carbonate ions in the form of biochemical fecal pellets.
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Zeynalzade, A. T., M. A. Chundokova, D. V. Zalikhin, M. A. Golovanev, K. V. Ushakov, and R. F. Askerov. "An abdominal fecalith after laparoscopic appendectomy in a 6-year old girl." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, no. 3 (2023): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55308/1560-9510-2023-27-3-221-225.
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Introduction. A fecal stone, or fecalith, is often diagnosed in destructive appendicitis. It can pass into free abdominal cavity both before and during surgery. The incidence of fecaliths left after appendectomy is unknown, and there are only few cases reported in the literature. Abscess formation after appendectomy is a known and frequent complication, especially in case of perforated appendicitis; its incidence reaches 20%. A retained fecalith can trigger an intra-abdominal abscess in the postoperative period.The purpose of the work is to demonstrate the need for a thorough revision and sanitation of the abdominal cavity during appendectomy in order to avoid leaving fecalitis. The technical features of laparoscopic appendectomy represent an increased risk factor for the development of such complications.Description of clinical observation. This article describes a clinical case when a fecalith was found in the abdominal cavity after laparoscopic appendectomy. The patient was operated on for gangrenous-perforated appendicitis 3 months before the present admission to the hospital. After the performed surgery, from time to time the patient complained of periodic abdominal pain and subfebrile temperature. The child was thoroughly examined. Ultrasound and CT examination of the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space revealed an abdominal abscess with a concrement in it. At laparoscopy, the abscess was opened; a free fecalith was found in it; it was removed.Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates the need to perform a thorough revision and sanation of the abdominal cavity during appendectomy, so as not to leave any fecalith in it. Laparoscopic appendectomy may have an increased risk factor for developing such complications.
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Liu, Yong, Tuo Su, Ping Wei, Wei Han, and Zhili Ji. "The Use of Abdominal Computed Tomography Imaging Technology in the Treatment of Surgical Acute Abdominal Perforation." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 9 (2020): 2130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3140.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the imaging features of abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) in patients with surgical acute abdominal perforation and to improve the diagnostic ability of perforated acute appendicitis (PAA). Method: Patients with suspected acute appendicitis and abdominal pain are selected as the study objects. According to the surgical records and pathological results, the patients are divided into PAA group and nonperforated acute appendicitis (NPAA) group. All patients are examined by abdominal CT. Postprocessing reconstruction technology such as multiple planar reconstruction (MPR) algorithm and curved planar reformat (CPR) algorithm are used as assistance to display the appendix, analyze and compare the images, observe the image performance of abdominal CT, and measure the diameter of the appendix. Results: The incidence of PAA specific signs (i.e. cellulitis around the appendix, abscess around the appendix, enhancement defect of the appendix wall, air accumulation outside the appendix cavity, fecal stone outside the appendix cavity) in PAA group is significantly higher than that in NPAA group (P < 0.05). Appearance of at least one specific sign for the diagnosis of PAA is 95.65%, the specificity is 92.59%, and the accuracy is 94.00%. The diameter of appendix in PAA group is significantly larger than that in NPAA group (P < 0.05). Compared with the diagnosis of simple specific signs, the specificity and accuracy of the combination of appendiceal diameter and specific signs in the diagnosis of PAA have been improved. Conclusion: With the help of MPR algorithm and CPR algorithm, abdominal CT imaging technology can accurately identify PAA and NPAA, which has important diagnostic value.
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Shukla, Abhishek, Vishakha Dixit, Divya Jain, Shailendra Patel, and Manish Jain. "Management of symptomatic urolithiasis during pregnancy: Clinical experience from a tertiary centre." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 11 (2022): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i11.45167.
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Background: Urolithiasis during pregnancy is a complex health problem that can affect maternal and fetal health, needs adequate understanding of the management options available and their relative pros and cons. Patient management needs involvement of obstetrician, radiologist and urologist, as a multidisciplinary team, to avoid any obstetric complications, such as spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate urolithiasis and its management in pregnant women at our tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data of 45 patients diagnosed with urolithiasis during pregnancy between January 2017 and March 2022.We evaluated patients age, gestational age history of urolithiasis, physical examination findings, routine laboratory findings, location, and size of the stone. The effectiveness and complications of the applied treatment methods were also evaluated. Results: The mean age of 45 patients included in our study was 25 (25.2±4.8) years with mean gestational age of 18.2 weeks. The mean stone size was 10.2 mm and the most common symptom at the time of presentation to hospital was flank pain (73%). Kidney stones were detected in 26 patients and ureteral stones in 19 patients. Although conservative treatment was sufficient in 22 (48.9%) patients, 31 (51.1%) patients required surgical intervention. Major obstetric complications, such as preterm delivery and miscarriage, did not occur in any patients. Conclusion: Urolithiasis during pregnancy can pose a challenge to urologists, obstetricians, and radiologists, requiring a prompt diagnosis and urgent treatment. On failure of medical management, definitive endoscopic treatment of an acute stone event is a reasonable strategy. In determining the treatment options, fetal and maternal health should be of utmost importance.
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Ding, Yufan, Jose Mirao, Pedro Redol, et al. "Provenance study of the limestone used in construction and restoration of the Batalha Monastery (Portugal)." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 1 (2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i1.857.
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<p class="Abstract">To assess the provenance of the limestones used in the construction and restoration of the Batalha Monastery in central Portugal, stone samples collected from the monument and from five limestone quarries in the region surrounding the building were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Ca-Sr binary diagrams from the ED-XRF result indicated the source of the samples collected from different parts of the monastery. Thin-section observation supplemented the petrographic evidence for this identification. PXRD and TGA were also used to acquire information on the mineral and chemical composition of the stones. Preliminary results suggest that the monastery baluster was made of stone from the Valinho do Rei or Reguengo do Fetal quarries, whereas part of the church railing, the north-aisle eaves arch and Royal Cloister were made with stone from the Pidiogo or Cabeço do Roxo quarries.</p>
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Qian, Men-Bao, Hong-Mei Li, Zhi-Hua Jiang, et al. "Severe hepatobiliary morbidity is associated with Clonorchis sinensis infection: The evidence from a cross-sectional community study." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (2021): e0009116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009116.
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Clonorchis sinensis infection is highly prevalent in Asia. Diverse hepatobiliary morbidity has been documented for C. sinensis infection. This study aimed to assess the association between C. sinensis infection and hepatobiliary morbidity, taking into consideration of the control, confounders and infection intensity. A cross-sectional community survey was implemented in Hengxian county, southeastern China. Helminth infections were detected by fecal examination. Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography were then conducted. After excluding confounding effects from gender, age and alcohol drinking, quantitative association between C. sinensis infection and hepatobiliary morbidity was assessed, and the effect from infection intensity was also evaluated, through adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). 696 villagers older than 10 years were enrolled. The prevalence and infection intensity of C. sinensis were higher in male, elder people and the individuals consuming alcohol. Light C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of diarrhoea (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.5). C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of fatty liver (aOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.2), and the effect was similar in different infection intensities. Moderate C. sinensis infection was associated with the increase of gallbladder stone (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.1–8.6), while moderate and heavy infections with the increase of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0–4.9 and aOR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9–9.9, respectively). C. sinensis infection had an effect on the development of periductal fibrosis (aOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.1–4.9), which showed increasing trend by infection intensity. The length and width of gallbladder in those with C. sinensis infection were enlarged, especially in those over 30 years old. C. sinensis infection is significantly associated with hepatobiliary morbidity. The occurrence of some morbidity was strongly related to the infection intensity. Awareness on harm of clonorchiasis should be raised both for policy-makers and villagers to adopt effective interventions.
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Sandoval, Luis, José Luis Marín-Muñiz, Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro, Fabiola Sandoval-Salas, and Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman. "Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020167.
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The current knowledge about the role terrestrial ornamental plants play in constructed wetlands (CWs) has scarcely been evaluated. Likewise, little attention has been given towards the use of new support or fill media for subsurface flow CWs, which may result in the reduction of costs when implemented on a large scale. This study evaluated, during nine months, the effect of three terrestrial ornamental plants and two substrates on the elimination of pollutants in wastewaters by using fill-and-drain vertical subsurface flow CWs (FD-CWs). Sixteen microcosms were used, nine filled with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nine with porous river stone (PRS). For each type of substrate, duplicates of microcosms were used, utilizing Anthurium sp., Zantedeschia aethiopica, and Spathiphyllum wallisii as vegetation and two other CWs without vegetation as controls. The environmental conditions, number of flowers, and height of the plants were registered. The results revealed that both substrates in the FD-CWs were efficient in removing pollutants. The average removal of pollutants in systems with vegetation revealed a positive effect on the reduction of the biochemical oxygen demand (55–70%), nitrates (28–44%), phosphates (25–45%), and fecal coliforms (52–65%). Meanwhile, in units without vegetation, the reduction of pollutants was nearly 40–50% less than in those with vegetation. The use of PET as a filling substrate in CWs did not affect the growth and/or the flowering of the species; therefore, its use combined with the species studied in CWs may be replicated in villages with similar wastewater problems. This may represent a reduction in implementation costs when utilizing PET recycled wastes and PRS as substrates in these systems in comparison with the typical substrates used in CWs. More studies are needed to better understand the interactions among these novel support media and the commercial terrestrial ornamental plants.
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Vale, Gabrielle Brito do, Humberto Carlos Ruggeri Junior, and Paulo Sérgio Scalize. "Service and precariousness of sanitary sewage in rural communities in the state of Goiás, Brazil." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, no. 6 (2022): 1067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220220160.
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ABSTRACT The rate of attendance to sanitary sewage services is low in rural communities, representing precarious sanitation conditions with dumping in rudimentary cesspools or in the open. Knowledge of the fractions of effluents generated and the places where they are released is important, since inadequate disposal generates public health problems and negatively impacts the environment. In this way, the objective of this work was to identify the amounts of effluent fractions generated and the deficit of sanitary sewage in rural communities in the state of Goiás. The study area included 97 rural communities, from which data were collected regarding the existence of bathrooms, alternatives and disposal sites for domestic sewage fractions, such as feces separated from urine. The results indicated an absence of a bathroom in 6.6% of the analyzed rural households, being in 2.5 and 18.2% in the households of the settlements and quilombolas, respectively, highlighting in the latter the occurrence of disposal in the open or stream in 13.7%. There was a predominant use of rudimentary cesspools to receive sewage and fecal water, while gray water from the kitchen sink and washing tanks are mainly disposed in the backyard, representing the greatest deficit in the communities. Thus, in most of the studied households there is a deficit due to lack of service, due to the release of untreated effluents into ditches/open air, mainly for gray water, and precarious service due to the unsafe disposal of treated effluents or the use of rudimentary cesspools. Few alternative technologies were found for the treatment of effluents, with ecological pit, biodigester and Tapiocanga stone pit being identified. It was concluded that the deficit of sewage in the households of the studied communities is high, due to the release of effluents without treatment and the use of rudimentary cesspools, characterized as lack of service and precarious service, respectively, observed in 84.6% of households.
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Tamrakar, Pratima. "Drinking Water Supply System in Kathmandu Valley." Educational Journal 2, no. 2 (2023): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ej.v2i2.61696.
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This study designed to analyze physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of drinking water quality and its management by the city water supply system in the Kathmandu Valley. The study covers 18 core areas including 32 samples sites. Altogether 325 samples collected from intake, reservoirs, treatment plants and deep wells to their connectivity as well as alternative sources such as shallow wells, tube wells, processed water and stone spouts of Sundarijal water supply system. Primary information collected through In-depth interview with 155 households (hhs), 15 focus group discussions, interview with 20 water suppliers (government and private sector) and 30 school teachers and students of linking with water supply system within the study areas. The study analyzed 7 physical, 16 chemical and 2 microbiological parameters (Total coliform (TC) and Fecal coliform (FC) following the standard methods (APHA 2000). The findings have elaborated the water quality in the source is acceptable and it is deteriorate the quality linking with its supply chains and connectivity, which is severely affected by the scaled, rusted, leakage, old pipelines and intermittence of water supply. Most of the sampling sites were microbiologically, contaminated (TC 6->180MPN/100mL and FC 1-7MPN/100mL). The processed water contains lower level of essential minerals because of reverse osmosis treatments.
 The fluoride (0.8-2mg/L), manganese (0.1-0.5mg/L), ammonia (52-70mg/L), iron 5mg/L, color (20-25°Hazen), pH (6) and turbidity (32-40 NTU) in deep wells, its supplies, well, tube wells were found beyond the value of tolerance level recommended by NDWQS and WHO guidelines. About 98% hhs used traditional methods for water management; indicates poor handling practices. Hence water quality management is a big challenge in Kathmandu Valley in terms of adequate safe water and requires regular surveillances and monitoring system for improvement.
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Cobre, Alexandre, Monica Surek, Dile Stremel, Karime Domingues, Fernanda Stumpf Tonin, and Roberto Pontarolo. "PD33 Development And Validation Of A Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model For COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Patients’ Metabolomic Profile Data." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (2022): S101—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322002926.
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IntroductionWe aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) -based algorithms to predict COVID-19 diagnosis as well as to identify new biomarkers associated with the disease.MethodsInitially, 96 blood samples of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (Thaizhou Hospital, China) were analyzed through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Samples of patients presenting other pneumonias or severe acute respiratory syndrome, but with negative RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, were used as positive controls. Samples from healthy volunteers were used as negative controls. The final database included around 1000 metabolites. Exploratory analyses for the development of ML-based models using principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Leverage plot versus studentized residuals method was used to detect outliers. Three supervised ML-based models were developed: discriminant analysis by partial least squares (PLS-DA), artificial neural networks discriminant analysis (ANNDA) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Samples for the training (70%) and testing sets (30%) were randomly selected using the Kenrad Stone algorithm. Models’ performance was evaluated considering accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Analyses were conducted in SOLO (Eigenvector-Research).ResultsThe PCA model was able to distinguish the three classes of patients’ samples (positive for COVID-19, negative controls, positive controls) with an overall accumulated variance of 94.27 percent. The PLS-DA model presented the best performance (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 93%, 98% and 88%, respectively). Increased levels of the biomarkers uridine (linked to glucose homeostasis, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms), 4-hydroxyphenylacetoylcarnitine (metabolite from the tyrosine metabolism; probably associated with anorexia) and ribothymidine (resulting from oral and fecal microbiota alterations) were significantly associated with COVID-19.ConclusionsThree different and updated ML-based algorithms were developed to predict COVID-19 diagnosis; PLS-DA led to the most accurate results. High levels of some metabolites were found as potentially predictors of the disease. These biomarkers should be further evaluated as potential therapeutic targets in well-designed clinical trials. These ML-based models can help the early diagnosis of COVID-19 and guide the development of tailored interventions.
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Haq, Izhar Ul, Eswaran Padmanabhan, and Omer Iqbal. "Depositional Heterogeneities and Brittleness of Mudstone Lithofacies in the Marcellus Subgroup, Appalachian Basin, New York, U.S.A." Energies 14, no. 20 (2021): 6620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206620.
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Organic-rich rocks of the Marcellus subgroup in the study area consist of a diverse suite of mudstone lithofacies that were deposited in distinct facies belts. Lithofacies in the succession range in composition from argillaceous to siliceous, calcareous, and carbonaceous mudstone. Heterogeneities in the succession occurs in the form of varying mineralogical composition, slightly bioturbated to highly bioturbated chaotic matrix, organic-rich and organic-lean laminae, scattered fossil shells in the matrix, and fossils acting as lamination planes. Lithofacies were deposited in three facies belts from the proximal to the distal zone of the depositional system. Bedded siliceous mudstone (BSM) facies occur in the proximal facies belt and consists of a high quartz content in addition to clay minerals and pyrite. In the medial part of the facies belt lies the laminated argillaceous mudstone (LAM), bedded calcareous mudstone (BCaM), and bedded carbonaceous mudstone (BCM). The size of detrital mineral grains in the lithofacies of the medial facies belt is larger than bedded argillaceous mudstone (BAM) of the distal facies belt, characterized by clay-rich matrix with occasional fossil shells and horizontally aligned fossils. Two types of horizontal traces and one type of fecal string characterize the proximal mud-stone facies, whereas only single horizontal trace fossil is found in the mudstones of the medial and distal facies belt. Parallel alignment of fossil shells and fossil lags in lithofacies indicate that bed-load transport was active periodically from the proximal source of the depositional system. Bioturbation has heavily affected all of the lithofacies and presence of mottled burrows as well as Devonian fauna indicate that oxic to dysoxic conditions prevailed during deposition. The deposition of this organic-rich mudstone succession through dynamic processes in an overall oxic to dysoxic environment is different from conventional anoxic depositional models interpreted for most of the organic rich black shales worldwide. Total organic content (TOC) varies from top to bottom in the succession and is highest in BCM facies. The brittleness index, calculated on the basis of mineralogy, allowed classification of the lithofacies into three distinct zones, i.e., a brittle zone, a less brittle zone, and a ductile zone with a general proximal to distal decrease in the brittle behavior due to a decrease in the size of the sediments.
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LeBoa, Christopher, Sneha Shrestha, Jivan Shakya, et al. "Environmental sampling for typhoidal Salmonellas in household and surface waters in Nepal identifies potential transmission pathways." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 10 (2023): e0011341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011341.
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Introduction Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi, fecal-oral transmitted bacterium, have temporally and geographically heterogeneous pathways of transmission. Previous work in Kathmandu, Nepal implicated stone waterspouts as a dominant transmission pathway after 77% of samples tested positive for Salmonella Typhi and 70% for Salmonella Paratyphi. Due to a falling water table, these spouts no longer provide drinking water, but typhoid fever persists, and the question of the disease’s dominant pathway of transmission remains unanswered. Methods We used environmental surveillance to detect Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A DNA from potential sources of transmission. We collected 370, 1L drinking water samples from a population-based random sample of households in the Kathmandu and Kavre Districts of Nepal between February and October 2019. Between November 2019 and July 2021, we collected 380, 50mL river water samples from 19 sentinel sites on a monthly interval along the rivers leading through the Kathmandu and Kavre Districts. We processed drinking water samples using a single qPCR and processed river water samples using differential centrifugation and qPCR at 0 and after 16 hours of liquid culture enrichment. A 3-cycle threshold (Ct) decrease of Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi, pre- and post-enrichment, was used as evidence of growth. We also performed structured observations of human-environment interactions to understand pathways of potential exposure. Results Among 370 drinking water samples, Salmonella Typhi was detected in 7 samples (1.8%) and Salmonella Paratyphi A was detected in 4 (1.0%) samples. Among 380 river water samples, Salmonella Typhi was detected in 171 (45%) and Salmonella Paratyphi A was detected in 152 (42%) samples. Samples located upstream of the Kathmandu city center were positive for Salmonella Typhi 12% of the time while samples from locations in and downstream were positive 58% and 67% of the time respectively. Individuals were observed bathing, washing clothes, and washing vegetables in the rivers. Implications These results suggest that drinking water was not the dominant pathway of transmission of Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in the Kathmandu Valley in 2019. The high degree of river water contamination and its use for washing vegetables raises the possibility that river systems represent an important source of typhoid exposure in Kathmandu.
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Gavrilyuk, VP, DA Severinov, and YA Zubkova. "Dermoid Cyst of the Mesentery of the Jejunum Following Appendectomy: A Clinical Case." Archives of Case Reports 7, no. 3 (2023): 058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.acr.1001080.
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Mesenteric cysts and cystic mesenteric tumors are very rare abdominal growths. They may be localized all over the mesentery, from the duodenum to the rectum, however, they are mostly found in the ileum and right colon mesentery. There are several classifications of these formations, among which the one based on histopathologic features including 6 groups has been most commonly used: 1) cysts of lymphatic origin--lymphatic (hilar cysts) and lymphangiomas; 2) cysts of mesothelial origin--benign or malignant mesothelial cysts; 3) enteric cysts; 4) cysts of urogenital origin; 5) dermoid cysts; and 6) pseudocysts-infectious or traumatic etiology. A dermoid cyst is a benign, epithelial-lined cavitary lesion composed of ectoderm and mesoderm that can arise anywhere in the body, with a tendency to develop in midline structures. In 20% - 45% of cases, accompanying diseases that were not previously clinically manifested can be diagnosed during emergency interventions, requiring additional surgical interventions for their correction. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the successful treatment experience of a dermoid cyst of the mesentery of the jejunum, detected after traditional appendectomy. Clinical case: A mother brought her 9-year-old son, V., to the emergency department of the Kursk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital with complaints of moderate-intensity pain in the right iliac region, multiple episodes of vomiting, and fever. Ultrasound features indicative of destructive appendicitis and peritonitis. In an emergency situation, after preoperative preparation, a traditional appendectomy was performed under intravenous anesthesia, using the Volkovich-Dyakonov approach. The postoperative period was uneventful. Moderate infiltration was observed on the control abdominal ultrasound examination, in the intestine (presumably the small intestine) in the right half of the abdominal cavity, with a solid formation measuring 27*33 mm, producing a dense acoustic shadow. On the 7th day after the initial intervention, a revision of the abdominal organs was performed. The loop of the jejunum with the formation was brought out into the wound. The capsule above the formation was dissected: the formation of bone density, when the capsule is separated, resembles a fecal stone in structure, considering the localization - a dermoid cyst. Step-by-step enucleation of the cyst was performed. The postoperative wound was tightly sutured in layers.
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Priyanka, Suhag, Mathur Sadhna, and Dev Bhardwaj Paras. "Fetal cholelithiasis: A Benign Rarity." PJSR 7, no. 2 (2014): 63–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252404.
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A 28 years female, G3 P2A0 L2 , presented to a routine antenatal checkup in OPD with the growth scan at 32 weeks gestation showing incidental findings of multiple echogenic structures in fetal gall bladder with normal hepatobilliary system. We report a case of fetal gall stone which was followed up 8 weeks post natal with no complications. It needs to be differentiated from the more sinister pathologies and requires accurate diagnosis.
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Mann, Sonika, Amit Mann, Pushpa Dahiya, and Krishna Dahiya. "Bladder stone: still a rare cause of obstructed labour." Urogynaecologia 26, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/uij.2012.e1.
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Bladder stone is still a rare cause of obstetrical dystocia. We report a rare case of obstructed labour due to a huge bladder stone. Diagnosis was confirmed only at the time of cesarean section because of the unusual posterolateral location of the stone, which was impacted below the fetal head thus obstructing labour. A bladder stone weighing 140 g and measuring 9×6×5 cm3 was removed by cystolithotomy at the time of cesarean section. The postoperative period was uneventful.
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Kwiatkowska, Barbara, Agata Bisiecka, Łukasz Pawelec, et al. "Differential diagnosis of a calcified cyst found in an 18th century female burial site at St. Nicholas Church cemetery (Libkovice, Czechia)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254173.
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During archaeological excavations in burial sites, sometimes stoned organic objects are found, in addition to human remains. Those objects might be of a different origin, depending on various factors influencing members of a community (i.e. diseases, trauma), which provides information about their living conditions. The St. Nicholas Church archaeological site (Libkovice, Czechia) in the 18th century horizon of the cemetery, yielded a maturus-senilis female skeleton with a stone object in the left iliac fossa. This object was an oviform cyst-like rough structure, measuring 54 mm in length, 35 mm in maximum diameter and 0.2–0.7 mm shell thickness. Within the object there were small fetal bones (long bones, i.e. femur and two tibias, two scapulas, three ribs, vertebrae and other tiny bone fragments). Methods utilized to analyze the outer and inner surface morphology of the cyst and its inside, included: X-ray, CT imaging, SEM, histological staining and EDS. The EDS analysis revealed the presence of primarily oxygen, calcium and phosphorus in bone samples, and oxygen and silicon, in stone shell. Based on the length of the femur (20.2 mm) and tibia (16 mm) shafts, the fetal age was determined as being in the 15–18 week of pregnancy. The differential diagnosis was conducted, including for the three most probable cases: fetiform teratoma (FT), fetus-in-fetu (FIF) and lithopedion. The possibility of fetiform teratoma was discounted due to the presence of an anatomically correct spine, long bones and the proportions of the find. Although the low calcium content in the shell (2.3% atom mass), the lack of skull bones and the better developed lower limbs indicate fetus-in-fetu rather than lithopedion, the analyses results are unable to conclusively identify the object under one of these two categories since there are insufficient such cases in excavation material with which to draw comparison.
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Saurabh, Ranjanand. "Study of the corpuscular hematological parameters related to growth, development and behavior of the feral pigeon." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 3, no. 4 (2018): 344–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1346600.
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Humans have observed birds from the earliest times and stone age drawings are among the oldest indications of an interest in birds. Many aspects of bird biology are difficult to study in the field. These include the study of behavioral and physiological changes that require a long duration of access to the bird. Studies in bird behavior include the use of tamed and trained birds in captivity. Studies on bird intelligence and song learning have been largely laboratory based. Studies of bird migration including aspects of navigation, orientation and physiology are often studied using captive birds in special cages that record their activities. The present study was designed with the following objectives to study and analyze corpuscular hematological parameters related to reproduction, growth, development and behavior of the domestic or feral pigeon.
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Sonak, Mangala, Sangeeta Ramteke, and Medha Davile. "Bladder stone: a rare cause of obstructed labour." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 7 (2017): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172796.
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Bladder stone is a rare cause of obstructed labour. Study report a case of bladder stone obstructing the labour in a multipara. Diagnosis was made during labour on pervaginal examination. The stone was impacted below the fetal head thus obstructing labour. A bladder stone weighing approximately 120 g and measuring 6x6 cm was removed by cystolithotomy at the time of caesarean section. The postoperative period was uneventful. Mechanical cause resulting in obstructed labour is a very common phenomenon but vesical calculus causing dystocia is very rare and till date very few cases of vesical calculus resulting in obstructed labour has been reported in the literature. Prompt diagnosis of the condition is very important to prevent grave complications like vesicovaginal fistula and rupture uterus.
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Dar, Manzoor Ahmad, Muzzain Iqbal, Abdul Rouf Khawaja, et al. "Minimally invasive procedures for urological disorders in pregnant patients: our experience." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 1 (2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20195977.
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Background: Urological disorders like stone disease, pyonephrosis secondary to obstruction and trauma are common during pregnancy with global incidence of 1 in 250 to 1 in 3000. These diseases can complicate any pregnancy and timely diagnosis and management is of utmost importance for safety of the mother and fetus. Managing these cases entails morbidity and minimally invasive procedures avoiding anesthesia have definite advantage.Methods: It was an observational study. Pregnant patients with nephrolithiasis, pyonephrosis, complicated post-traumatic ureteropelvic junction (PUJ) obstruction (PUJO) and trauma were included in the study.Results: Out of total 84 cases, 45 required intervention. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) for pyonephrosis secondary to PUJO and obstructed PUJ calculus was done in 11 and 14 cases respectively. Bilateral PCN for bilateral nephrolithiasis was done in 7 cases. Silicon double-J stenting for ureteric calculus was done in 13 cases. One case of spontaneous fornicial rupture of kidney without stone disease was managed conservatively as were 4 cases of trauma with concomitant renal injury, 18 cases of non-obstructive renal stones and 16 cases of pyelonephritis. Seven patients lost follow-up. One case each of pyonephrosis and polytrauma had fetal death at term unrelated to urological cause. In rest 75 patients, primary pathology was tackled after 6-8 weeks of delivery.Conclusions: Urological diseases during pregnancy are not an uncommon entity and can pose risk to both mother and fetus. With good clinical vigil, use of minimally invasive procedures, close monitoring and follow up, these patients can be safely managed without any adverse events to the fetus and mother.
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Howles, Sarah A., Mark H. Edwards, Cyrus Cooper, and Rajesh V. Thakker. "Kidney Stones: A Fetal Origins Hypothesis." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 28, no. 12 (2013): 2535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1993.
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