Academic literature on the topic 'Fed-batch'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fed-batch"

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Longobardi, G. P. "Fed-batch versus batch fermentation." Bioprocess Engineering 10, no. 5-6 (May 1994): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00369529.

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Longobardi, G. P. "Fed-batch versus batch fermentation." Bioprocess Engineering 10, no. 5 (1994): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050043.

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Hadiyanto, H., D. Ariyanti, A. P. Aini, and D. S. Pinundi. "Batch and Fed-Batch Fermentation System on Ethanol Production from Whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, no. 3 (October 30, 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.3.127-131.

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Nowadays reserve of fossil fuel has gradually depleted. This condition forces many researchers to find energy alternatives which is renewable and sustainable in the future. Ethanol derived from cheese industrial waste (whey) using fermentation process can be a new perspective in order to secure both energy and environment. The aim of this study was to compare the operation modes (batch and fed-batch) of fermentation system on ethanol production from whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus. The result showed that the fermentation process for ethanol production by fed-batch system was higher at some point of parameters compared with batch system. Growth rate and ethanol yield (YP/S) of fed-batch fermentation were 0.122/h and 0.21 gP/gS respectively; growth rate and ethanol yield (YP/S) of batch fermentation were 0.107/h, and 0.12 g ethanol/g substrate, respectively. Based on the data of biomass and ethanol concentrations, the fermentation process for ethanol production by fed-batch system were higher at some point of parameters compared to batch system. Periodic substrate addition performed on fed-batch system leads the yeast growth in low substrate concentrations and consequently increasing their activity and ethanol productivity. Keywords: batch; ethanol; fed-batch; fermentation;Kluyveromyces marxianus, whey
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Belo, I., and M. Mota. "Batch and fed-batch cultures of." Bioprocess Engineering 18, no. 6 (1998): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050470.

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Minihane, B. J., and D. E. Brown. "Fed-batch culture technology." Biotechnology Advances 4, no. 2 (1986): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(86)90309-5.

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Ramírez, Nicolás, Claudia Ubilla, Javiera Campos, Francisca Valencia, Carla Aburto, Carlos Vera, Andrés Illanes, and Cecilia Guerrero. "Enzymatic production of lactulose by fed-batch and repeated fed-batch reactor." Bioresource Technology 341 (December 2021): 125769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125769.

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Upadhyay, Devang, Rinu Kooliyottil, Sivanadane Mandjiny, Floyd L. Inman III, and Leonard D. Holmes. "Mass Production of the Beneficial Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Utilizing a Fed-Batch Culturing Process." International Journal of Phytopathology 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2013): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.002.01.0076.

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The present study deals with the batch and fed-batch mass production of Steinernema carpocapsae. S. carpocapsae is an entomoparasitic nematode that is used as a biological control agent of soil-borne crop insect pests. The ability and efficiency of fed-batch culture process was successful through the utilization of the nematode’s bacterial symbiont Xenorhabdus nematophila. Results from the fed-batch process were compared to those obtain from the standard batch process. The fed-batch process successively improved the mass production process of S. carpocapsae employing liquid medium technology. Within the first week of the fed-batch process (day six), the nematode density obtained was 202,000 nematodes mL−1; whereas on day six, batch culture mode resulted in a nematode density of 23,000 nematodes mL−1. The fed-batch process was superior to that of batch production with a yield approximately 8.8-fold higher. In fed-batch process, the nematode yield was improved 88.6 % higher within a short amount of time compared to the batch process. Fed-batch seems to make the process more efficient and possibly economically viable.
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Lee, Jeongseok, Sang Yup Lee, Sunwon Park, and Anton P. J. Middelberg. "Control of fed-batch fermentations." Biotechnology Advances 17, no. 1 (April 1999): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-9750(98)00015-9.

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Gregersen, Lars, and Sten Bay Jørgensen. "Supervision of fed-batch fermentations." Chemical Engineering Journal 75, no. 1 (August 1999): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(99)00018-2.

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Gregersen, Lars, Sten Bay Jørgensen, and Maria Yolanda Andersen. "Industrial Fed-Batch Fermentation Monitoring." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 9 (June 1997): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)43138-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fed-batch"

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Glyn, Julian E. H. "Modelling of batch and fed-batch ethanol fermentation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21832.

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Two series of batch and fed-batch fermentations were carried out using S.cerevisiae in a semi-defined medium containing 200 gl-1 glucose as limiting substrate. Growth rates were calculated and the data used to test the applicability of eight empirical kinetic models. The form proposed by Levenspiel, combining the concept of a limiting ethanol concentration with a power-law form, gave the best results with these data. Glucose concentration was found to have a far smaller, though not negligible, effect on growth rate under these conditions. It was also observed that in fed-batch fermentations the total substrate uptake rate of the broth became constant soon after commencement of feeding, without cessation of growth. It is suggested that ethanol inhibits the synthesis of a rate-controlling enzyme in the glycolyti·c chain, but no previous work could be found to support or refute this explanation. A quasi-mechanistic model of growth under the condition of constant substrate consumption rate is formulated and discussed.
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Jewaratnam, Jegalakshimi. "Batch-to-batch iterative learning control of a fed-batch fermentation process." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1901.

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Recently, iterative learning control (ILC) has been used in the run-to-run control of batch processes to directly update the control trajectory. The basic idea of ILC is to update the control trajectory for a new batch run using the information from previous batch runs so that the output trajectory converges asymptotically to the desired reference trajectory. The control policy updating is calculated using linearised models around the nominal reference process input and output trajectories. The linearised models are typically identified using multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least squares (PLS) regression, or principal component regression (PCR). ILC has been shown to be a promising method to address model-plant mismatches and unknown disturbances. This work presents several improvements of batch to batch ILC strategy with applications to a simulated fed-batch fermentation process. In order to enhance the reliability of ILC, model prediction confidence is incorporated in the ILC optimization objective function. As a result of the incorporation, wide model prediction confidence bounds are penalized in order to avoid unreliable control policy updating. This method has been proven to be very effective for selected model prediction confidence bounds penalty factors. In the attempt to further improve the performance of ILC, averaged reference trajectories and sliding window techniques were introduced. To reduce the influence of measurement noise, control policy is updated on the average input and output trajectories of the past a few batches instead of just the immediate previous batch. The linearised models are re-identified using a sliding window of past batches in that the earliest batch is removed with the newest batch added to the model identification data set. The effects of various parameters were investigated for MLR, PCR and PLS method. The technique significantly improves the control performance. In model based ILC the weighting matrices, Q and R, in the objective function have a significant impact on the control performance. Therefore, in the quest to exploit the potential of objective function, adaptive weighting parameters were attempted to study the performance of batch to batch ILC with updated models. Significant improvements in the stability of the performance for all the three methods were noticed. All the three techniques suggested have established improvements either in stability, reliability and/or convergence speed. To further investigate the versatility of ILC, the above mentioned techniques were combined and the results are discussed in this thesis.
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Bridger, Lee. "Improved control of fed-batch fermenters." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288001.

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Vanichsriratana, Wirat. "Optimal control of fed-batch fermentation processes." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1996. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/94908/optimal-control-of-fed-batch-fermentation-processes.

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Optimisation of a fed-batch fermentation process typically uses the calculus of variations or Pontryagin's maximum principle to determine an optimal feed rate profile. This often results in a singular control problem and an open loop control structure. The singular feed rate is the optimal feed rate during the singular control period and is used to control the substrate concentration in the fermenter at an optimal level. This approach is supported by biological knowledge that biochemical reaction rates are controlled by the environmental conditions in the fermenter; in this case, the substrate concentration. Since an accurate neural net-based on-line estimation of the substrate concentration has recently become available and is currently employed in industry, we are therefore able to propose a method which makes use of this estimation. The proposed method divides the optimisation problem into two parts. First, an optimal substrate concentration profile which governs the biochemical reactions in the fermentation process is determined. Then a controller is designed to track the obtained optimal profile. Since the proposed method determines the optimal substrate concentration profile, the singular control problem is therefore avoided because the substrate concentration appears nonlinearly in the system equations. Also, the process is then operated in closed loop control of the substrate concentration. The proposed method is then called "closed loop optimal control". The proposed closed loop optimal control method is then compared with the open loop optimal feed rate profile method. The comparison simulations from both primary and secondary metabolite production processes show that both methods give similar performance in a case of perfect model while the closed loop optimal control provides better performance than the open loop method in a case of plant/model mismatch. The better performance of the closed loop optimal control is due to an ability to compensate for the modelling errors using feedback.
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Rivera, David. "Growth kinetics of Bacillus thuringiensis batch, fed-batch and continuous bioreactor cultures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0011/NQ40287.pdf.

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Arndt, Michael. "Eine schnelle Glucoseanalytik zur Regelung biotechnischer Prozesse." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971240787.

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Minihane, B. J. "Micro-computer control of fed-batch pullulanase biosynthesis." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280848.

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Lindell, Per Ingemar. "Dynamic operation of mammalian cell fed-batch bioreactors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16509.

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Hussenet, Clément. "Instrumentation, modélisation et automatisation de fermenteurs levuriers à destination oenologique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC009/document.

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Le vin est un milieu peu propice à la croissance de la levure mais il est néanmoins possible de la faire croître sur base de vin enrichit en nutriments et dilué pour diminuer la concentration en éthanol. En vue de l’élaboration des vins effervescents par une seconde fermentation, produire la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans ces conditions est indispensable pour l’acclimater mais il s’agit d’un enjeu complexe qui doit prendre en compte de nombreux paramètres physico-chimiques mais aussi économiques. En effet, les paramètres opératoires peuvent induire des conditions de croissance pouvant affecter le développement de la levure. Seule la levure S. cerevisiae (Fizz+) a été utilisée car elle est spécialement sélectionnée pour cette seconde fermentation en vase clos. Le principal enjeu était donc d’obtenir une bonne adaptation de la levure à croître dans un milieu hydro-alcoolique, conditions contraignantes pour elle, mais aussi d’obtenir une production maximale.Nous avons tout d’abord étudié en fioles Erlenmeyer (250 mL) l’influence de divers paramètres : conditions physico-chimiques, concentrations en nutriments, concentration minimale en levure sèche active nécessaire à une bonne activité ainsi que son temps de réhydratation.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons effectué des propagations en mode batch dans un bioréacteur (5 L) pour valider les conclusions réalisées à la suite de l’étude en Erlenmeyer et ainsi étudier l’influence de différentes aérations sur la production de S. cerevisiae. Les données obtenues ont servi de base pour comparer les améliorations apportées par le procédé développé en mode fed-batch. Les concentrations en levures obtenues suite à l’optimisation des conditions du milieu de culture en cinq litres sont supérieures d’un facteur cinq à celles obtenues dans la pratique en cave.Ensuite l’étude s’est concentrée sur le développement d’un nouveau procédé d’alimentation en nutriments pour cultiver S. cerevisiae en métabolisme respiratoire dans des cuves réalisées par la société partenaire du projet, OEno Concept. La nouveauté réside dans la façon de réguler la température de la culture qui se fait simultanément à l’apport des nutriments suite au dégagement de chaleur lors de la croissance de S. cerevisiae. Un brevet a été déposé sur cette technologie. Ce nouveau procédé a permis une augmentation de la productivité cellulaire, d’un facteur supérieur à quatre, car il a permis aux levures de s’adapter à cet environnement stressant et a favorisé l’oxydation du glucose au détriment de la fermentation
Wine is an aggressive/stressful growth medium; it is depleted of micronutrients, rich in ethanol and very poor in assimilable nitrogen. Despite all these difficulties, it is possible to grow yeast in a medium largely based on wine by diluting the ethanol concentration and enriching the medium with micronutrients, a carbon source and assimilable nitrogen. It is, desirable to propagate Saccharomyces cerevisiae in such environment in order to produce a culture of yeast adapted to a second fermentation of alcoholic beverages. Production of microorganism in wine growing environment, is a complex issue that must take into account many, physicochemical and economic parameters. Indeed, the operating parameters can affect the development of yeast in a bioreactor. Therefore, it is important to know the most influential parameters on growth. The strain S. cerevisiae (Fizz+), a commercial strain that has been selected for the second fermentation in bottles, was used during this project. The propagation process served to increase the amount of yeast as well as to adapt the yeast to grow in an alcoholic environment. We first studied in shake-flasks cultures various physicochemical conditions such as nutrients concentration, the rehydration time and the minimum concentration of active dry yeast necessary for good yeast activity.In a second step, we performed batch fermentations in bioreactors (5 L) to confirm the conclusions from the shake-flask cultures and additionally to study the influence of aeration on S. cerevisiae production. The data obtained served as a basis for performing fed-batch cultures. The yeast concentrations obtained as a result of the optimization of the conditions of the culture medium in five liters were five times greater than those obtained in actual industrial production processes. The next step was to develop an automated fed-batch culture to grow S. cerevisiae respiratively in partnership with the industrial partner of the project, OEno Concept. The novelty of the process is the way in which the growth medium feed-rate is linked to the heat produced by the growing S. cerevisiae.This research has allowed an increase in cell productivity, by a factor greater than four, thanks to the novel process in stressful growth environment promoting respiration with regard to fermentation
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Longster, Joanne. "Transcriptome analysis of CHO cells throughout fed-batch culture." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13808/.

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Books on the topic "Fed-batch"

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Ternbach, Michel Brik. Modeling based process development of fed-batch bioprocesses: L-valine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, 2005.

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Robinson, Gary Kevin. The production of catechols in glucose fed-batch culture using whole cells of "pseudomonas putida". [s.l.]: typescript, 1988.

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Fed-Batch Fermentation. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-18202-5.

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Lim, Henry C., and Hwa Sung Shin. Fed-Batch Cultures. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Lim, Henry C., and Hwa Sung Shin. Fed-Batch Cultures: Principles and Applications of Semi-Batch Bioreactors. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Lim, Henry C., and Hwa Sung Shin. Fed-Batch Cultures: Principles and Applications of Semi-Batch Bioreactors. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Lim, Henry C., and Hwa Sung Shin. Fed-Batch Cultures: Principles and Applications of Semi-Batch Bioreactors. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Ramanan, Sundar. Biomass productivity enhancement of Laminaria saccharina cultures in a stirred-tank bioreactor by batch and fed-batch nutrient delivery. 1996.

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Moulton, Garner G. Fed-Batch Fermentation: A Practical Guide to Scalable Recombinant Protein Production in Escherichia Coli. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2014.

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Fed-Batch Fermentation: A Practical Guide to Scalable Recombinant Protein Production in Escherichia Coli. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fed-batch"

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Hu, Wei-Shou. "Fed-Batch Culture Processes." In Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 305–25. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429162770-9.

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Müller, Dethardt, G. Simic, W. Steinfellner, Timo Keijzer, Renate Kunert, E. Benes, M. Gröschl, F. Trampler, O. Doblhoff-Dier, and Hermann Katinger. "Continuous Perfusion versus Discontinuous Fed-Batch." In Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market, 293–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0369-8_68.

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Costa, Ana Rita, Maria Elisa Rodrigues, Mariana Henriques, Rosário Oliveira, and Joana Azeredo. "Feed Optimization in Fed-Batch Culture." In Animal Cell Biotechnology, 105–16. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-733-4_8.

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Zhang, Jie, Zhihua Xiong, Delautre Guillaume, and Alexandre Lamande. "Batch to Batch Iterative Learning Control of a Fed-Batch Fermentation Process." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 253–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27329-2_35.

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Brown, D. E., P. A. Allinson, and B. J. Minihane. "A Fed-Batch Process for Pullulanase Production." In Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology: Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes, 311–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1141-3_34.

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Garant, Herve, and Lee R. Lynd. "Perchloroethylene Utilization by Methanogenic Fed-Batch Cultures." In Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 895–904. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0223-3_84.

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Van Impe, J. F. "Optimal Control of Fed-Batch Fermentation Processes." In Advanced Instrumentation, Data Interpretation, and Control of Biotechnological Processes, 319–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9111-9_11.

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Schlaeger, E. J., and K. Christensen. "Improvement of mammalian cell fed-batch culture." In Animal Cell Technology: Developments Towards the 21st Century, 855–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0437-1_137.

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Dionisi, Davide. "Mass Balances and Design for Batch, Continuous and Fed-Batch Reactors." In Theory and Design of Fermentation Processes, 53–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217275-3.

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Wong, Danny C. F., C. K. Danny C. F. Wong, C. K. Heng, Kathy T. K. Wong, Peter Morin Nissom, and Miranda G. S. Yap. "Elucidating apoptotic cell death in cho cell batch & fed-batch cultures." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 61–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4457-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fed-batch"

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Serebrinsky, K., B. Hirmas, J. Munizaga, and F. Pedreros. "Model structures for batch and fed-batch ethanol fermentations." In 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chilecon47746.2019.8988018.

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Rywińska, Anita, Ludwika Tomaszewska, Monika Bąk, Aleksandra Mirończuk, Krzysztof Cybulski, and Waldemar Rymowicz. "Erythritol production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica in batch, fed-batch and repeated-batch regimes." In Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2489_biotech13.62.

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Zhang, Jie, Jerome Nguyan, Julian Morris, and Zhihua Xiong. "Batch to batch iterative learning control of a fed-batch fermentation process using linearised models." In 2008 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795610.

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"Online optimization of a fed-batch bioreactor." In Proceedings of the 1999 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1999.782308.

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Benyahia, Brahim, and Jiaxu Liu. "Technoeconomic evaluation and optimization of batch, fed-batch and multistage continuous crystallization processes." In The 3rd International Online Conference on Crystals. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocc_2022-12144.

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Benyahia, Brahim, and Jiaxu Liu. "Technoeconomic evaluation and optimization of batch, fed-batch and multistage continuous crystallization processes." In The 3rd International Online Conference on Crystals. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocc_2022-12144.

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Bharathi, N., E. Sivakumar, J. Shanmugam, and M. Chidambaram. "Control of pH in Fed-batch Neutralisation Processes." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2006.372481.

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Riid, Andri, and Ennu Rüstern. "Fed-batch fermentation controller design with evolutionary computation." In the 5th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1456223.1456300.

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Duran-Villalobos, Carlos A., Barry Lennox, and Stephen Goldrick. "Fault Tolerant MPC for Fed-Batch Penicillin Production." In 2018 UKACC 12th International Conference on Control (CONTROL). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/control.2018.8516796.

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Lin, Hsin-Ying, John C. Lewis, and Richard H. Luecke. "Simulation of UDMC on a Fed-Batch Bioreactor." In 1988 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1988.4789731.

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Reports on the topic "Fed-batch"

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Miller, Donald, and Bradley Pickenheim. Sludge Batch 5 Slurry Fed Melt Rate Furnace Test with Frits 418 and 550. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947193.

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Smith, M. E., T. M. Jones, and D. H. Miller. SLUDGE BATCH 4 BASELINE MELT RATE FURNACE AND SLURRY-FED MELT RATE FURNACE TESTS WITH FRITS 418 AND 510 (U). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918144.

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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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4

Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.

Full text
Abstract:
In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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5

Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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