Journal articles: 'Fed, Modèle de'

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Nweze, B. O., and M. O. Otuma. "Herd simulation model of muturu cattle under sedentary pastoral farming in derived savannah, Southeast, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1277.

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Herd simulation model was adopted to assess the productivity of Muturu cattle under sedentary pastoral system within southeast, Nigeria. The model involved biomass and other productivity investigations of the Muturu herds on field-gazed and stall-fed management within the wet and dry season period. Biological entities of Muturu herds from 500 Muturu cattle holders (MCH) and Non-Pastoral holders (NPH) surveyed from year 2010 to 2019 were studied. The sedentary production system was simulated and statistically analyzed. The results showed 70 percent MCH and 30 percent NPH, with60 percent of the Muturu stock sourced through donation/leasing arrangement by the NPH, while only 5 percent of the stock for the study was through purchase arrangement by the MCH. Sedentary pastoral system in southeast Nigeria operates at a very low commercial level. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in some of the biological entities such as live weight at 12 and 24 months, which were better in the wet season than in the dry season. The stall-fed management was relatively better than the field grazed management. Simulated values were higher than the actual values in some of the biological entities but fit in with field grazed and stall-fed management. The efficiency of Livestock/forage production under the sedentary system was very low with 13.02, 15.32 and 17.35 percent respectively for field-grazed, stall-fed management and simulation model. The herd biomass and productivity values of Muturu herd under the sedentary pastoral system in the Southeast region were very low with 25.00 and 33.33 percent for field grazed and stall-fed management respectively. Un modèle de simulation de troupeau a été adopté pour évaluer la productivité des bovins Muturu sous système pastoral sédentaire dans le sud-est du Nigeria. Le modèle impliquait des études sur la biomasse et d'autres études de productivité des troupeaux de Muturu sur la gestion surveillée sur le terrain et nourrie en stabulation pendant la période de saison humide et sèche. Les entités biologiques des troupeaux Muturu de 500 éleveurs Muturu (le 'MCH') et non pastoraux (le 'NPH') enquêtés de 2010 à 2019 ont été étudiées. Le système de production sédentaire a été simulé et analysé statistiquement. Les résultats ont montré 70 pour cent de 'MCH' et 30 pour cent de 'NPH', avec 60 pour cent du stock de Muturu provenant d'un accord de don / location par le 'NPH', tandis que seulement 5 pour cent du stock de l'étude provenait d'un accord d'achat par le 'MCH'. Le système pastoral sédentaire du sud-est du Nigéria fonctionne à un niveau commercial très bas. Il y avait des differences significatives (P <0.05) dans certaines des entités biologiques telles que le poids vif à 12 et 24 mois, qui étaient meilleures pendant la saison des pluies que pendant la saison sèche. La gestion des étables était relativement meilleure que la gestion des pâturages sur le terrain. Les valeurs simulées étaient plus élevées que les valeurs réelles dans certaines des entités biologiques, mais cadraient avec la gestion des pâturages sur le terrain et des stalles. L'efficacité de la production de bétail / fourrage dans le système sédentaire était très faible avec 13.02, 15.32 et 17.35 pour cent respectivement pour le modèle de gestion et de simulation sur pâturage au champ, en stabulation. Les valeurs de la biomasse et de la productivité du troupeau deMuturu sous le système pastoral sédentaire dans la région du Sud-Est étaient très faibles avec 25.00 et 33.33pour centrespectivement pour la gestion des pâturages au champ et des stalles.

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Abdullahi, U., H. B. Yusuf, R. J. Wafar, A. Mijinyawa, A. Abubakar, U. S. Shuaibu, and A. Mohammad. "Growth performance, carcass characteristics and internal organ weights of weaner rabbits fed replacement levels of sun-dried soyabean milk residue." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i3.2948.

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This study evaluated the growth performance of weaner rabbits fed diets containing sundried soybean milk residue meal (SSMR) at five levels of inclusion. Forty weaner rabbit with an average initial weight of 520±1.04g arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) were used. SSMR was used at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels to replace soya bean meal. The result of the growth performance showed progressive increase in parameter evaluated as the level of SSMR increases in the diets. Rabbits fed (100% SSMR) recorded significant higher final body weight 1351.73g which was similar to rabbits fed 25, 50 and 75% SSMR while those on T1 (0% SSMR) had the least value of 1194.50g. However, carcass characteristics and internal organ weights measurements were also not influenced by the treatment diets. It was therefore concluded that 100% SSMR can be used in compounding weaner rabbits without deleterious effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and internal organ weights. Cette étude a évalué le rendement de croissance des lapins sevrés nourris selon des régimes contenant des résidus de lait de soja séchés au soleil (RSSS) à cinq niveaux d'inclusion. Quarante lapins sevrés d'un poids initial moyen de 520±1,04 g disposés dans un modèle complètement randomisé (CRD) ont été utilisés. SSMR a été employé aux niveaux de 0, 25, 50, 75 et 100% pour remplacer le repas de haricot de soja. Le résultat de la performance de croissance a montré l'augmentation progressive du paramètre évalué comme le niveau des augmentations de SSMR dans les régimes. Les lapins nourris (100% SSMR) ont enregistré un poids corporel final plus élevé significatif 1351.73g qui était similaire aux lapins nourris 25, 50 et 75% SSMR tandis que ceux sur T1 (0% SSMR) avaient la valeur la moins élevée de 1194.50g. Cependant, les caractéristiques de carcasse et les mesures internes de poids d'organe n'ont pas non plus été influencées par les régimes de traitement. Il a donc été conclu que 100% SSMR peut être utilisé dans la composition des lapins sevrés sans aucun effet sur la performance de croissance, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le poids interne des organes.

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Madadkar, Pedram, Qijiayu Wu, and Raja Ghosh. "A laterally-fed membrane chromatography module." Journal of Membrane Science 487 (August 2015): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.056.

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Amaefule, R. A., D. N. Onunkwo, O. C. Ilouno, T. C. Iwuji, I. P. Ogbuewu, and I. F. Etuk. "Live and internal organ weights of male growing pigs fed low protein and low energy diets supplemented with multi-enzyme." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 6 (February 28, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i6.2911.

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Organ characteristics of male growing male pigs fed low crude protein and low energy diets supplemented with multi-enzyme were determined using 36 hybrid (Landrace x Large white) male pigs of 8-10 weeks old. Two metabolizable energy (3000 and 2600 Kcal ME/kg) and three crude protein levels (14, 16 and 18 % CP) were used to formulate six dietary treatments; T1: control (3000 Kcal ME/kg; 18 % CP), T2 (3000 Kcal ME/Kg; 16 % CP), T3 (3000 Kcal ME/kg; 14 % CP), T4 (2600 Kcal ME/kg; 18 % CP), T5 (2600 Kcal ME/kg; 16 % CP) and T6 (2600 Kcal ME/kg; 14 % CP). The enzyme was added to all the treatments at 1g/kg diet except the control. The treatments were replicated three times with two pigs per replicate. The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial. The pigs were starved for 12 hours but allowed access to drinking water, stunned and bled completely. It was cut open though the thorax region along the underline to the abdomen, exposing the entire internal organs and GIT contents. The heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and other internal organs were examined, carefully removed and weighed with a sensitive electronic kitchen scale, model SF-400. Higher (P <0.05) live weight (33500.00g), with lower (P <0.05) mean values for heart and viscera were recorded in male growing pigs fed T4. Male growing pigs fed with T3 and T6 had lower (P<0.05) live weight (12200.00g and 11500.00g), and higher (P<0.05) relative internal organs. Male growing pigs fed 14 % CP diets (T3 and T6) with their corresponding metabolizable energy levels (3000kcal and 2600kcal) recorded higher (P<0.05) heart and viscera's values. Keeping growing (male) pigs on low crude protein diets (14 %) supplemented with multi-enzyme, irrespective of the energy levels, did not improve live weight but increased relative organ weight. Les caractéristiques des organes de porcs mâles en croissance nourris à faible en protéines brutes et en énergie mais plutôt supplémentée en multi-enzymes ont été déterminées en utilisant 36 porcs mâles hybrides (Landrace x Large white) âgés de 8 à 10 semaines. Deux énergies métabolisables (3000 et 2600 Kcal ME / kg) et trois niveaux de protéines brutes (14, 16 et 18% CP) ont été utilisés pour formuler six traitements diététiques ; T1 : contrôle (3000 Kcal ME / kg ; 18% CP), T2 (3000 Kcal ME / Kg ; 16% CP), T3 (3000 Kcal ME / kg ; 14% CP), T4 (2600 Kcal ME / kg ; 18 % CP), T5 (2600 Kcal ME / kg ; 16% CP) et T6 (2600 Kcal ME / kg ; 14% CP). L'enzyme a été ajoutée à tous les traitements à raison de 1 g / kg de régime sauf le témoin. Les traitements ont été répliqués trois fois avec deux porcs par réplica. L'expérience était une factorielle 2 x 3. Les porcs ont été affamés pendant 12 heures mais ont eu accès à l'eau potable, étourdis et saignaient complètement. Il a été ouvert à travers la région du thorax le long du trait de soulignement jusqu'à l'abdomen, exposant l'ensemble des organes internes et le contenu du 'GIT'. Le cœur, les poumons, le foie, les reins, la rate et d'autres organes internes ont été examinés, soigneusement prélevés et pesés avec une balance de cuisine électronique sensible, modèle SF-400. Un poids vif plus élevé (P <0,05) (33500,00 g), avec des valeurs moyennes plus faibles (P <0,05) pour le cœur et les viscères ont été enregistrés chez des porcs en croissance mâles nourris au T4. Les porcs mâles en croissance nourris avec T3 et T6 avaient des organes internes relatifs inférieurs (P <0,05) (12 200,00 g et 11500,00 g) et supérieurs (P <0,05). Les porcs mâles en croissance nourris avec 14% de régimes 'CP' (T3 et T6) avec leurs niveaux d'énergie métabolisables correspondants (3000 kcal et 2600 kcal) ont enregistré des valeurs cardiaques et viscérales plus élevées (P <0,05). Le fait de garder les porcs en croissance (mâles) avec des régimes pauvres en protéines brutes (14%) supplémentés en multi-enzymes, quels que soient les niveaux d'énergie, n'a pas amélioré le poids vif mais augmenté le poids relatif des organes

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Korbel, Jiří, and Petr Blaheta. "Valuation of equity capital markets using FED model." Český finanční a účetní časopis 2011, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.98.

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Warrington, Julie. "Study Module Review: Iron Metabolism in Human Milk-Fed Infants, Independent Study Module #11." Journal of Human Lactation 20, no. 2 (May 2004): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334404202028.

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Malik, A. A., Y. S. Kudu, and A. J. Mohammed. "Growth performance, nutrients digestibility and economy of feed conversion of broiler chickens fed diets containing cowpea milling waste and plantain peel meal mixture." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 6 (February 28, 2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i6.2879.

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A total of 144, one-day-old Arbor Acre chicks were used to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing cowpea milling waste and plantain peel meal mixture (CMWPPM) on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility and economy of feed conversion of broiler chickens. The birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design model, and consisted of 0, 10, 20 and 30 % dietary inclusion levels of CMWPPM. Each treatment was replicated three times with 12 chicks per replicate, making a total of 36 chicks per treatment. The experiment lasted for seven weeks. Nutrients digestibility studies were carried out at the 3rd and 7th week of the experiment using speciallydesigned metabolism cages. Results showed that at the starter phase, birds on CMWPPM 0% had significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake, while birds on CMMPPM 20 % had significantly (P<0.05) lower feed intake than birds on the other treatments. The cost of feed and total cost of feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) higher for CMWPPM 30 % and significantly lower for CMWPPM 20 % than for the other treatments; while feed cost per kg weight gain had no significant difference across the treatments. At the finisher phase, there were no significant differences in all the growth performance parameters measured across the treatment groups. However, total cost of feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher for CMWPPM 10 % and significantly (P<0.05) lower for CMWPPM 20 %. The feed cost per kg weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher for CMWPPM 10 % and significantly (P<0.05) lower for CMWPPM 20 % and 30 % diets. Results of nutrients digestibility at the starter phase show that though dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract digestibility were significantly (P<0.05) different across the treatments, there were no significant (P>0.05) difference in the overall total digestible nutrient across the diets. For the finisher phase, as the level of CMWPPM increased in the diets, the CP, CF, ash, lipid, NFE and TDN decreased across the treatments Therefore, it is concluded that the inclusion level of CMWPPM in the diet of broiler chickens should not exceed 20 % for optimum economy of feed conversion at the finisher phase; whereas birds can be fed diets containing 30 % dietary inclusion level of CMWPPM with good economy of feed conversion at the starter phase. Un total de 144 poussins de 'Arbor Acre' âgés d'un jour a été utilisés pour étudier l'effet des régimes alimentaires contenant des déchets de 'cowpea' et du mélange de repas defarine d'écorce de 'plantain'. (Le 'CMWPPM') sur les performances de croissance, la digestibilité des nutriments et l'économie de la conversion alimentaire des poulets de chair. Les oiseaux ont été attribués au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques dans un modèle de conception complètement aléatoire, et consistaient en des niveaux d'inclusion alimentaire de 0, 10, 20 et 30% de 'CMWPPM'. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois avec 12 poussins par répétition, soit un total de 36 poussins par traitement. L'expérience a duré sept semaines. Des études de digestibilité des nutriments ont été réalisées à la 3ème et 7ème semaine de l'expérience en utilisant des cages de métabolisme spécialement conçues. Les résultats ont montré qu'à la phase de démarrage, les oiseaux sous 'CMWPPM' 0% avaient une ingestion alimentaire significativement (P <0,05) plus élevée, tandis que les oiseaux sous 'CMMPPM' 20% avaient une ingestion alimentaire significativement (P <0,05) inférieure à celle des oiseaux sur les autres traitements. Le coût de l'alimentation et le coût total de la prise alimentaire étaient significativement (P <0,05) plus élevés pour CMWPPM 30% et significativement plus faibles pour CMWPPM 20% que pour les autres traitements ; tandis que le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain de poids n'avait pas de différence significative entre les traitements. Lors de la phase de finition, il n'y avait pas de différences significatives dans tous les paramètres de performance de croissance mesurés dans les groupes de traitement. Cependant, le coût total de l'ingestion alimentaire était significativement (P <0,05) plus élevé pour CMWPPM 10% et significativement (P <0,05) inférieur pour CMWPPM 20%. Le coût de l'alimentation par kg de gain de poids était significativement (P <0,05) plus élevé pour le CMWPPM 10% et significativement (P <0,05) inférieur pour les régimes CMWPPM 20% et 30%. Les résultats de la digestibilité des nutriments à la phase de démarrage montrent que bien que la digestibilité de la matière sèche, des protéines brutes, des fibres brutes et de l'extrait sans azote soient significativement différentes (P <0,05) d'un traitement à l'autre, il n'y avait pas de différence significative (P> 0,05) dans le total de nutriments digestibles à travers les régimes. Pour la phase de finition, au fur et à mesure que le niveau de 'CMWPPM' augmentait dans les régimes alimentaires, le 'CP', les 'FC', les cendres, les lipides, l'NFE et le TDN diminuaient au fil des traitements. Par conséquent, il est conclu que le niveau d'inclusion de 'CMWPPM' dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair dépasse 20% pour une économie optimale de la conversion des aliments lors de la phase de finition ; tandis que les oiseaux peuvent être nourris avec des aliments contenant 30% de taux d'inclusion alimentaire de 'CMWPPM' avec une bonne économie de conversion alimentaire lors de la phase de démarrage.

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VANDYK, E., J. CHAMEL, and A. GXASHEKA. "Investigation of delamination in an edge-defined film-fed growth photovoltaic module." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 88, no. 4 (September 15, 2005): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.12.004.

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Ibáñez-Puy, María, José Antonio Sacristán Fernández, César Martín-Gómez, and Marina Vidaurre-Arbizu. "Development and construction of a thermoelectric active facade module." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 3, no. 1 (May 23, 2015): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fde-150025.

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Villasante, C., I. del Hoyo, I. Pagola, M. Sánchez, and E. Aranzabe. "Solar active envelope module with an adjustable transmittance/absorptance." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 3, no. 1 (May 23, 2015): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fde-150034.

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Kleber de Araújo Lima, Francisco, Edson Hirokazu Watanabe, Pedro Rodríguez, and Álvaro Luna Alloza. "Simplified Model For Wind Turbines Equipped With Doubly-fed Induction Generator." Eletrônica de Potência 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2011.1.047055.

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El Aroudi, Abdelali, Mohamed Debbat, Mohammed Al-Numay, and Abdelmajid Abouloiafa. "Fast-Scale Instability and Stabilization by Adaptive Slope Compensation of a PV-Fed Differential Boost Inverter." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052106.

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Numerical simulations reveal that a single-stage differential boost AC module supplied from a PV module under an Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control at the input DC port and with current synchronization at the AC grid port might exhibit bifurcation phenomena under some weather conditions leading to subharmonic oscillation at the fast-switching scale. This paper will use discrete-time approach to characterize such behavior and to identify the onset of fast-scale instability. Slope compensation is used in the inner current loop to improve the stability of the system. The compensation slope values needed to guarantee stability for the full range of operating duty cycle and leading to an optimal deadbeat response are determined. The validity of the followed procedures is finally validated by a numerical simulations performed on a detailed circuit-level switched model of the AC module.

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Hassani, Hossein, Roozbeh Razavi-Far, Mehrdad Saif, and Vasile Palade. "Generative Adversarial Network-Based Scheme for Diagnosing Faults in Cyber-Physical Power Systems." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 5173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155173.

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This paper presents a novel diagnostic framework for distributed power systems that is based on using generative adversarial networks for generating artificial knockoffs in the power grid. The proposed framework makes use of the raw data measurements including voltage, frequency, and phase-angle that are collected from each bus in the cyber-physical power systems. The collected measurements are firstly fed into a feature selection module, where multiple state-of-the-art techniques have been used to extract the most informative features from the initial set of available features. The selected features are inputs to a knockoff generation module, where the generative adversarial networks are employed to generate the corresponding knockoffs of the selected features. The generated knockoffs are then fed into a classification module, in which two different classification models are used for the sake of fault diagnosis. Multiple experiments have been designed to investigate the effect of noise, fault resistance value, and sampling rate on the performance of the proposed framework. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through a comprehensive study on the IEEE 118-bus system.

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Young-Ho Kim, Soo-Cheol Shin, Jung-Hyo Lee, Yong-Chae Jung, and Chung-Yuen Won. "Soft-Switching Current-Fed Push–Pull Converter for 250-W AC Module Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29, no. 2 (February 2014): 863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2258942.

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Silveira, Roberto G., Y. Nishida, N. Nishio, and S. Nagai. "Corrinoid production byMethanosarcina barkeri in a repeated fed-batch reactor with membrane module." Biotechnology Letters 12, no. 10 (October 1990): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01024728.

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Smets, Barth F., Steven M. Fehniger, and C. P. Leslie Grady. "Development of a respirometric assay to measure the transient load response of activated sludge to individual organic chemicals." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 1, 1996): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0080.

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This study described a new respirometric technique to monitor the transient response of activated sludge systems to individual synthetic organic compounds (SCOs). The assay used a fed-batch reactor system which contained mixed liquor from the parent reactor and received a biogenic feed and the target SOC at the same F/M ratio as was applied to the parent reactor. The fed-batch reactor was oxygenated using a hollow-fiber reaeration module to meet the steady-state oxygen demand. The reaeration module was characterized by means of KL a studies. The assay monitored the dissolved oxygen concentration profile after application of a shock load achieved by switching to a fed-batch feed with the target SOC at an elevated concentration. Mathematical descriptions of the transient profiles were derived and the experimentally observed dissolved oxygen profiles were subsequently compared to profiles predicted using extant kinetic parameters for SOC removal measured using an earlier developed assay. The use of the assay were complicated by the difficulty in maintaining a reaeration capacity at constant and low capacity. As a result, the adequacy of the measured extant kinetic parameters as predictors of the transient response could not be confirmed.

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Saad, Mohamad Hanif Md, Aini Hussain, Muhammad Faiz Mohd Shukri, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, and Mohd Rezdwan Rosli. "Evaluation of Driver's Pre-Driving Skill on a Driving Simulator Using the Intelligent Dynamic Event Classifier (IDEA) Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.316.

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This paper reports the early results of the evaluation of driver's pre-driving skill on a driving simulator using the Intelligent Dynamic Event Analyzer approach. The IDEA Evaluator module, developed as an out-of-process Component Object Model ActiveX-Exe, is integrated into the ASISTM driving simulator to monitor drivers action during pre-driving activities. Fundamental actions detected from ASISTM simulator are fed to the Intelligent Dynamic Event Analyzer evaluator module and the result (Correct / Incorrect) is returned back to ASISTM. The integrated system was observed to be able to successfully evaluate the driver activities. The whole process is executed online utilizing ASISTM driving simulator module.

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Shin, Yoon-Hyuk, and Sung-Chul Kim. "Studies on the Cooling Performance of Front End Module for Pedestrian Protection." Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 20, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2012.20.6.067.

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Geetha, P., and S. Ravi. "PV Module Integrated Dual Boost Isolated dc-dc Converter Fed Three-Phase Micro-Inverter." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 46, no. 3 (January 15, 2018): 20170012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20170012.

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McCarley, Jason S., Christopher D. Wickens, Juliana Goh, and William J. Horrey. "A Computational Model of Attention/Situation Awareness." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 17 (September 2002): 1669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601730.

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A computational model of attention and situation awareness (SA) was developed and used to predict pilot errors in the task of taxiing from runway to terminal. The model incorporates a low-level perception/attention module and a higher-level belief-updating module. Attentional scanning is controlled by bottom-up and top-down processes, with the effectiveness of top-down guidance varying as a function of SA. Information sampled by the low-level module is fed forward to the higher-level module for consolidation within a working memory representation of the pilot's situation, with the quality of this representation reflecting the pilot's level of SA. The model was validated by comparing its predictions to the behavior of pilots performing a taxiway simulation. Results indicate that the model successfully predicts the improved performance associated with display augmentations, and provides construct validity regarding the effects of visibility, distraction, and degraded information quality.

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Rozzi, A., F. Malpei, R. Bianchi, and D. Mattioli. "Pilot-scale membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis studies for direct reuse of secondary textile effluents." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (May 1, 2000): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0640.

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Post-treatment of secondary wastewater (80% textile, 20% municipal) was tested on a pilot scale low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO) module, to produce a polished effluent to be recycled into the textile factories. Two different flow sheets were used. In the first one, the feed to the RO was pre-treated in a coagulation and filtration unit. In the second one, a ZenoGem® membrrane hollow fibre reactor was used to separate the activated sludge from the permeate which was fed to the RO module. Experimental results are discussed as well as advantages and disadvantages of the two alternatives.

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Herguedas, Beatriz, Isaias Lans, María Sebastián, Juan A. Hermoso, Marta Martínez-Júlvez, and Milagros Medina. "Structural insights into the synthesis of FMN in prokaryotic organisms." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 12 (November 27, 2015): 2526–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004715019641.

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Riboflavin kinases (RFKs) catalyse the phosphorylation of riboflavin to produce FMN. In most bacteria this activity is catalysed by the C-terminal module of a bifunctional enzyme, FAD synthetase (FADS), which also catalyses the transformation of FMN into FAD through its N-terminal FMN adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) module. The RFK module of FADS is a homologue of eukaryotic monofunctional RFKs, while the FMNAT module lacks homologyto eukaryotic enzymes involved in FAD production. Previously, the crystal structure ofCorynebacterium ammoniagenesFADS (CaFADS) was determined in its apo form. This structure predicted a dimer-of-trimers organization with the catalytic sites of two modules of neighbouring protomers approaching each other, leading to a hypothesis about the possibility of FMN channelling in the oligomeric protein. Here, two crystal structures of the individually expressed RFK module ofCaFADS in complex with the products of the reaction, FMN and ADP, are presented. Structures are complemented with computational simulations, binding studies and kinetic characterization. Binding of ligands triggers dramatic structural changes in the RFK module, which affect large portions of the protein. Substrate inhibition and molecular-dynamics simulations allowed the conformational changes that take place along the RFK catalytic cycle to be established. The influence of these conformational changes in the FMNAT module is also discussed in the context of the full-lengthCaFADS protomer and the quaternary organization.

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Jung, Hoon-Young, Jeong-Kyu Park, Young-Hyok Ji, Chung-Yuen Won, and Tae-Won Lee. "Study On Photovoltaic Module Integrated Converter based on Active Clamp Current-fed Half-Bridge Converter." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 16, no. 2 (April 20, 2011): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2011.16.2.105.

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Nguyen, Ngoc-Hoang, Tran-Dac-Thinh Phan, Soo-Hyung Kim, Hyung-Jeong Yang, and Guee-Sang Lee. "3D Skeletal Joints-Based Hand Gesture Spotting and Classification." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 4689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104689.

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This paper presents a novel approach to continuous dynamic hand gesture recognition. Our approach contains two main modules: gesture spotting and gesture classification. Firstly, the gesture spotting module pre-segments the video sequence with continuous gestures into isolated gestures. Secondly, the gesture classification module identifies the segmented gestures. In the gesture spotting module, the motion of the hand palm and fingers are fed into the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network for gesture spotting. In the gesture classification module, three residual 3D Convolution Neural Networks based on ResNet architectures (3D_ResNet) and one Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network are combined to efficiently utilize the multiple data channels such as RGB, Optical Flow, Depth, and 3D positions of key joints. The promising performance of our approach is obtained through experiments conducted on three public datasets—Chalearn LAP ConGD dataset, 20BN-Jester, and NVIDIA Dynamic Hand gesture Dataset. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the Chalearn LAP ConGD dataset.

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Manonmani, N., V. Subbiah, and L. Sivakumar. "Differential Evolution Based IDWNN Controller for Fault Ride-Through of Grid-Connected Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generators." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/746017.

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The key objective of wind turbine development is to ensure that output power is continuously increased. It is authenticated that wind turbines (WTs) supply the necessary reactive power to the grid at the time of fault and after fault to aid the flowing grid voltage. At this juncture, this paper introduces a novel heuristic based controller module employing differential evolution and neural network architecture to improve the low-voltage ride-through rate of grid-connected wind turbines, which are connected along with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs). The traditional crowbar-based systems were basically applied to secure the rotor-side converter during the occurrence of grid faults. This traditional controller is found not to satisfy the desired requirement, since DFIG during the connection of crowbar acts like a squirrel cage module and absorbs the reactive power from the grid. This limitation is taken care of in this paper by introducing heuristic controllers that remove the usage of crowbar and ensure that wind turbines supply necessary reactive power to the grid during faults. The controller is designed in this paper to enhance the DFIG converter during the grid fault and this controller takes care of the ride-through fault without employing any other hardware modules. The paper introduces a double wavelet neural network controller which is appropriately tuned employing differential evolution. To validate the proposed controller module, a case study of wind farm with 1.5 MW wind turbines connected to a 25 kV distribution system exporting power to a 120 kV grid through a 30 km 25 kV feeder is carried out by simulation.

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Faber, Bart W., Edmond J. Remarque, William D. Morgan, Clemens H. M. Kocken, Anthony A. Holder, and Alan W. Thomas. "Malaria Vaccine-Related Benefits of a Single Protein Comprising Plasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1 Domains I and II Fused to a Modified Form of the 19-Kilodalton C-Terminal Fragment of Merozoite Surface Protein 1." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 12 (October 15, 2007): 5947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01804-06.

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ABSTRACT We show that the smallest module of Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 (PfAMA1) that can be expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris while retaining the capacity to induce high levels of parasite-inhibitory antibodies comprises domains I and II. Based on this, two fusion proteins, differing in the order of the modules, were developed. Each comprised one module of PfAMA1 (FVO strain, amino acids [aa] 97 to 442) (module A) and one module of PfMSP119 (Wellcome strain, aa 1526 to 1621) (module Mm) in which a cystine had been removed to improve immune responses. Both fusion proteins retained the antigenicity of each component and yielded over 30 mg/liter purified protein under fed-batch fermentation. Rabbits immunized with purified fusion proteins MmA and AMm had up to eightfold-higher immune responses to MSP119 than those of rabbits immunized with module Mm alone or Mm mixed with module A. In terms of parasite growth inhibition, fusion did not diminish the induction of inhibitory antibodies compared with immunization with module A alone or module A mixed with module Mm, and fusion outperformed antibodies induced by immunization with module M or Mm alone. When tested against parasites expressing AMA1 heterologous to the immunogen, antibodies to the fusion proteins inhibited parasite growth to a greater extent than did antibodies either to the individual antigens or to the mixture. These results suggest that compared with the individual modules delivered separately or as a mixture, fusion proteins containing these two modules offer the potential for significant vaccine-related advantages in terms of ease of production, immunogenicity, and functionality.

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Shi, Xian Jiang, Fu Peng Ge, Han Sun, Qing Chun Meng, and Jun Shan Si. "The Simulation Research of Double Fed Wind Generator Fault Diagnosis Based on MCSA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.103.

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In order to research the possibility of Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) applied to fault diagnosis of double fed wind turbine generator system and overcome the defect of sensor stalled installed inconveniently with regular vibration inspection method constructs a simulation model of double fed wind turbine generator with SIMULINK, which uses PWM module for stator excitation and the signal of rotating speed and torque of external dynamic changes to simulate the fault of wind turbine motor transmission system, and then verifying the accuracy of fault features of stator current when generator system has fault by emulating and analyzing the response process of signal in the stator current of generator with different situations.

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Piroonlerkgul, P., N. Laosiripojana, A. A. Adesina, and S. Assabumrungrat. "Performance of biogas-fed solid oxide fuel cell systems integrated with membrane module for CO2 removal." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 48, no. 2 (February 2009): 672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2008.08.002.

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Wang, Hao, Siyang Yu, Shi Jin, and Fengge Zhang. "Electromagnetic and mechanical design of module dual stator brushless doubly‐fed generator for offshore wind turbine." IET Renewable Power Generation 15, no. 3 (January 12, 2021): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12050.

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Wiegmann, Vincent, Maria Giaka, Cristina Bernal Martinez, and Frank Baganz. "Towards the development of automated fed-batch cell culture processes at microscale." BioTechniques 67, no. 5 (November 2019): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0063.

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Aim: To investigate the impact of various feeding strategies on the growth and productivity of a GS-CHO cell line. Methods: Feed additions were conducted at fixed volumes or linked to a marker such as cell growth or metabolism and added as bolus or near-continuously using the automated feeding module of the micro-Matrix (Applikon). Results: The selected feeding regimens supported maximum viable cell densities of up to 1.9 × 107 cells ml−1 and final titers of up to 1.13 g l−1. Differences in growth and titer between feeding strategies were insignificant, with the exception of one feeding strategy. Conclusion: As the more complex feeding strategies did not create an advantage, the selection of a simple feeding strategy such as bolus or continuous addition of feed medium is preferred.

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Doss, M. Arun Noyal, K. Mohanraj, Sayantan Bhattacharjee, Maulik Tiwari, and Devashish Vashishtha. "Photovoltaic fed multilevel inverter using reverse voltage topology for standalone systems." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1347-1354.

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Multilevel Inverters are generally utilized for medium voltage and high power applications. Invented in 1975, MLIs have brought huge change in the field of Electrical and Electronics. It contains distinctive topologies. This paper proposes a photovoltaic aided multilevel inverter with Reverse Voltage topology with diminished number of switches. In comparison to other existing topologies this topology utilizes minimum number of switches and less number of carrier signals which in turns diminishes the complexity of the system as well as cost. The proposed framework contains five MOSFETs, five diodes to create eleven levels. In this topology the SPWM strategy has been utilized. This topology utilizes one sine wave and five triangular waves, which is half in comparison to the existing topologies. As sustainable power sources can be utilized for multilevel inverter, photovoltaic cell has been utilized. The MATLAB recreation for both solar powered module and Multilevel inverter has been appeared alongside the equipment approach.

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Chen, Chin-Sheng, Cheng-Yi Hsu, Shih-Kang Chen, Chih-Jer Lin, Ching-Hao Hsieh, and Yi-Hung Liu. "Image correction for cone-beam computed tomography simulator using neural network corrector." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 2017): 168781401769047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017690476.

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In this article, a neural network corrector is proposed to correct the image shift, yielding the degradation of three-dimensional image reconstruction, for each slice captured by cone-beam computed tomography simulator. There are 3 degrees of freedom in tube module of simulator; the central point of tube module should be aligned with the central point of detector module to guarantee the accurate image projection. However, the mechanism manufacturing and assembling tolerance will let the above aim cannot be met. Here, a standard kit is made to measure the image shift by 1° step from −10° to 10°. The measure data will be the input training data of proposed neural network corrector, and the corrected translation position will be the output of neural network corrector. The Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm adjusts the connected weights and biases of the neural network using a supervised gradient descent method, such that the defined error function can be minimized. To avoid the problem of overfitting and improve the generalized ability of the neural network, Bayesian regularization is added to the Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm. After the training of neural network corrector, the different target position commands are fed into the neural network corrector. Then, the corrected data from neural network corrector are fed to be the new position command to verify the image correction performance. Moreover, a phantom kit is made to check the corrected performance of the neural network corrector. Finally, the experimental results verify that the image shift can be reduced by the neural network corrector.

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Lima, Francisco, and Carlos Branco. "CLOSED-LOOP MODEL FOR DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION GENERATOR BASED ON PROPORTIONAL AND INTEGRAL CONTROLLERS." Eletrônica de Potência 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2016.2.2559.

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S, Nandita. "Caption to Voice Bot for Assistive Vision." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35244.

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Over the last few years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the generation of the caption of images has progressively caught the considerable interest of several artificial intelligence research groups and has become a fascinating and tedious mission. A large component of scene comprehension, which encompasses the knowledge of computer vision and natural language processing, is image caption, which automatically produces natural language explanations according to the content observed in an image. The applications of such an image caption are substantial and noteworthy. The prime intention of the project is to build an object detection and captioning module that produces captions from the features extracted from the input images fed to the module in the form of audio and interface it with a virtual text reader, a read-aloud technology. Additionally, both these features can be accomplished using live images. The module as a whole helps the visually impaired identify objects and their positions.

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Jasim, Ali Abdulrazzak. "Simulation and Study of Multilevel Inverter System Fed By Photovoltaic Source." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i2.500.

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This paper proposes a simulation of Photovoltaic energy used to supply an induction motor with acomparison of two types of inverters.In general, the greater number of motorswhich"are used incommercial and industrial applicationsare"induction motors. To use PV source to run the induction motor, an interface circuits are used which are a dc-dc"converter and an inverter, the PV cell has nonlinear behavior,"adc-dc converter is used along with Maximum Power Point Tracker controllerto improve theefficiency by boosting the output voltage of the PV module and to match the load demand."The dc output voltage of PV modulethen"converted to AC, two types of inverter are presented, A conventional Voltage Source Inverter system and multilevel inverter system which employselective harmonic eliminationmethod fed three phase induction motor, these two types of inverters are simulated using Matlab/Simulink and their results are presented. The FFT spectrum is presented of the output currents to analyze the harmonics reduction, which shows that the"multilevel inverter is better than VSI system"according to harmonics reduction and increment in output voltage and power.

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Loy, Dominik M., Rafał Krzysztoń, Ulrich Lächelt, Joachim O. Rädler, and Ernst Wagner. "Controlling Nanoparticle Formulation: A Low-Budget Prototype for the Automation of a Microfluidic Platform." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010129.

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) with suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties may require formulation into nanoparticles. In addition to the quality of the excipients, production parameters are crucial for producing nanoparticles which reliably deliver APIs to their target. Microfluidic platforms promise increased control over the formulation process due to the decreased degrees of freedom at the micro- and nanoscale. Publications about these platforms usually provide only limited information about the soft- and hardware required to integrate the microfluidic chip seamlessly into an experimental set-up. We describe a modular, low-budget prototype for microfluidic mixing in detail. The prototype consists of four modules. The control module is a raspberry pi executing customizable python scripts to control the syringe pumps and the fraction collector. The feeding module consists of up to three commercially available, programable syringe pumps. The formulation module can be any macro- or microfluidic chip connectable to syringe pumps. The collection module is a custom-built fraction collector. We describe each feature of the working prototype and demonstrate its power with polyplexes formulated from siRNA and two different oligomers that are fed to the chip at two different stages during the assembly of the nanoparticles.

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Loy, Dominik M., Rafał Krzysztoń, Ulrich Lächelt, Joachim O. Rädler, and Ernst Wagner. "Controlling Nanoparticle Formulation: A Low-Budget Prototype for the Automation of a Microfluidic Platform." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010129.

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) with suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties may require formulation into nanoparticles. In addition to the quality of the excipients, production parameters are crucial for producing nanoparticles which reliably deliver APIs to their target. Microfluidic platforms promise increased control over the formulation process due to the decreased degrees of freedom at the micro- and nanoscale. Publications about these platforms usually provide only limited information about the soft- and hardware required to integrate the microfluidic chip seamlessly into an experimental set-up. We describe a modular, low-budget prototype for microfluidic mixing in detail. The prototype consists of four modules. The control module is a raspberry pi executing customizable python scripts to control the syringe pumps and the fraction collector. The feeding module consists of up to three commercially available, programable syringe pumps. The formulation module can be any macro- or microfluidic chip connectable to syringe pumps. The collection module is a custom-built fraction collector. We describe each feature of the working prototype and demonstrate its power with polyplexes formulated from siRNA and two different oligomers that are fed to the chip at two different stages during the assembly of the nanoparticles.

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Lee, Joon Seong, Hee Rok Hong, Gye Hyun Jo, and Dong Keun Park. "Strength Analysis of Epoxy Molding Compound Module Using Automated FEA System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.852.

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Recently, consumers are often dissatisfied with the battery life from even the most advanced lithium-ion rechargeable batteries in mobile phone. A mobile battery was chosen in this study because it is the flat plate of small thin wall which is expected to have some flexing. It is required to be evaluated and designed considering the coupled phenomena. Especially, this paper describes finite element analysis simulation of strength evaluation for epoxy molding compound module using automated FE analysis system.

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Godi, Prasanna Kumar. "Radix-4 Feed Back Design Using Four Parallel Adders with Efficient Reordering Module for Fast Fourier Transform." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i3/20201228.

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Geetha, P., and S. Ravi. "Experimental Verification of a Module-Integrated Isolated Coupled-Inductor-Based dc–dc Boost-Converter-Fed Micro-Inverter." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 45, no. 3 (April 13, 2016): 20150451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20150451.

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Rahman, Md Habibur, Nasif Shams, Gour Chand Mazumder, and Saiful Huque. "A Data Acquisition System for Solar PV Module with Variable Load." Dhaka University Journal of Science 65, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v65i1.54507.

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This paper describes the design, development and performance of a locally developed data acquisition system for solar PV module with variable load. The system can automatically change the operating point of a PV module and acquire the output voltage and load current into computer and then analyze. To change the operating point, a variable load has been developed by IRF250 MOSFETs. The current drawn by the load from the PV module is controlled by a staircase voltage, which is developed by a counter and a DAC. The count value of the counter and hence the voltage level of the staircase is changed by an Arduino-based controlling unit. To get the short-circuit current, the PV module is connected in series with a high ampere power supply and the voltage across the PV module is conditioned by a difference amplifier and fed to an ADC channel of the controlling unit. The output current of the PV module has been sensed by a Hall sensor, ACS712, and read by another ADC channel. To make the whole system automatic, a program has been developed using Arduino IDE and loaded in the Arduino board. With the help of this program, the system can measure the current and voltage of the PV module and send to a PC. This acquired data is processed by software and the performance of the PV module is obtained. The system has been developed in laboratory and its performance has been studied. Although, there are some fluctuations in the acquired data but with filtration satisfactory performance is obtained. This instrument can be used for PV module testing purpose. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 65(1): 67-72, 2017 (January)

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RM, Hemavathy. "Monitoring Biosensors and Obtaining Data Using GSM Module." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v5i2.pp86-88.

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The main focus of the project is to prevent the loss of human life against the discomfort and death caused by the lack of attention towards the patients due to the improper monitoring systems provided in the hospital. The aim of the project is to monitor the bio sensors attached to the persons in their body either internally or externally. The biosensors which are about to be used in this project are EEG sensor (electro encephalogram sensor). An ECG sensor (electro cardiogram sensor) which is very essential for a critical patient, this project also emphasizes on the extended design of a special type of sensor called the oxygen insensitive microscale biosensor which helps in the monitoring of constant oxygen supply in blood thereby detecting blood cancer at the earliest stage. The data from all the sensors are sent to a central wireless node through wifi. From the main node the data is sent to the control station of the hospital through zigbee as the coverage area of certain hospitals is more than the coverage area of a Bluetooth. The control station segregates the data of different patients and stores in the memory location. If any of the patient data exceeds the standard data fed to the control station by the doctor then a message will be sent to the mobile of the attendee and the doctor using the GSM control system.Keywords: Biosensors, Raspberry pi (controller), GSM, Zigbee

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Ahmad, Ashfaq, Nadeem Javaid, Abdul Mateen, Muhammad Awais, and Zahoor Ali Khan. "Short-Term Load Forecasting in Smart Grids: An Intelligent Modular Approach." Energies 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010164.

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Daily operations and planning in a smart grid require a day-ahead load forecasting of its customers. The accuracy of day-ahead load-forecasting models has a significant impact on many decisions such as scheduling of fuel purchases, system security assessment, economic scheduling of generating capacity, and planning for energy transactions. However, day-ahead load forecasting is a challenging task due to its dependence on external factors such as meteorological and exogenous variables. Furthermore, the existing day-ahead load-forecasting models enhance forecast accuracy by paying the cost of increased execution time. Aiming at improving the forecast accuracy while not paying the increased executions time cost, a hybrid artificial neural network-based day-ahead load-forecasting model for smart grids is proposed in this paper. The proposed forecasting model comprises three modules: (i) a pre-processing module; (ii) a forecast module; and (iii) an optimization module. In the first module, correlated lagged load data along with influential meteorological and exogenous variables are fed as inputs to a feature selection technique which removes irrelevant and/or redundant samples from the inputs. In the second module, a sigmoid function (activation) and a multivariate auto regressive algorithm (training) in the artificial neural network are used. The third module uses a heuristics-based optimization technique to minimize the forecast error. In the third module, our modified version of an enhanced differential evolution algorithm is used. The proposed method is validated via simulations where it is tested on the datasets of DAYTOWN (Ohio, USA) and EKPC (Kentucky, USA). In comparison to two existing day-ahead load-forecasting models, results show improved performance of the proposed model in terms of accuracy, execution time, and scalability.

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Tandinata, Moergen, Didi Widya Utama, and Gatot Soeharsono. "SISTEM OTOMASI PADA MODUL PROCESSING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SEQUENTIAL FUNCTIONAL CHART." POROS 13, no. 2 (September 2, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v13i2.818.

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Abstract: Automation is a technology that can be used to implement an instructional process or an automatic procedure. In this framework that has been using an instructional program that combined with a control system to process an instruction or commands. This processing module is a part of the automation which checking a process simulation of hollow and not hollow objects, then a PLC is use to control the process as designed be needed to control all of the working processing modules systems works. working system, a programming language that easily to be understood is needed such as functional block diagram (FBD) is use to program a plc system which functional block diagram (FBD) is a method that can describe a function between input and output variable, in FBD there is a Sequential Function Chart method (SFC ) which control the program sequential activity. So this research discusses the control of processing module which based on FBD programming language by using the SFC method.

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Kim, Sang Ha, Chika Kakegawa, Hiroshi Tabuchi, and Han Park. "Second- and Third-Level BGA Solder Joint Reliability of High-End Flip Chip System in Package (FCSiP)." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-5.4.180.

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The major concerns posed by system-in-package (SiP) designs for network applications are the interconnection reliability between the memory plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package and the SiP module, which we refer to as 2nd-level interconnection, and between the SiP module and the system board, which we refer to as 3rd-level interconnection, induced by thermomechanical stress to the large SiP module, i.e., 55 × 55 mm2 package body size. In this paper, finite element analysis (FEA) and design of experiment (DOE) case studies were used to evaluate the 2803-pin flip chip SiP (FCSiP) and to determine the best construction of the SiP module and optimize the assembly material set. Heat spreader (lid) thickness, heat spreader material, and under-fill implementation were considered in the stress and fatigue lifetime FEA case studies and long-term solder joint reliability, which was accelerated thermal cycle (ATC) tested at operating temperatures from 0 to 100°C. Another important factor in the system-level reliability is an external heat sink, and its compressive force effect was also investigated in the ATC test. In addition, short-term mechanical reliability tests, such as the 4-point monotonic bend test based on the IPC-9702 specification and mechanical shock test based on the JESD22-B110A standard, were also evaluated for the 2803-pin FCSiP qualification. Finally, the results of these experiments were compared with the FEA data in a correlation process.

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Senthil Kumar, R., K. Mohana Sundaram, and K. S. Tamilselvan. "Hybrid Reference Current Generation Theory for Solar Fed UPFC System." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061527.

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The extensive usage of power electronic components creates harmonics in the voltage and current, because of which, the quality of delivered power gets affected. Therefore, it is essential to improve the quality of power, as we reveal in this paper. The problems of load voltage, source current, and power factors are mitigated by utilizing the unified power flow controller (UPFC), in which a combination of series and shunt converters are combined through a DC-link capacitor. To retain the link voltage and to maximize the delivered power, a PV module is introduced with a high gain converter, named the switched clamped diode boost (SCDB) converter, in which the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is instigated for tracking the maximum power. To retain the link-voltage of the capacitor, the artificial neural network (ANN) is implemented. A proper control of UPFC is highly essential, which is achieved by the reference current generation with the aid of a hybrid algorithm. A genetic algorithm, hybridized with the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), is utilized for the generation of a switching sequence, and the generated pulse has been given to both the series and shunt converters through the PWM generator. Thus, the source current and load voltage harmonics are mitigated with reactive power compensation, which results in attaining a unity power factor. The projected methodology is simulated by MATLAB and it is perceived that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.84% is attained, with almost a unity power factor, and this is validated with FPGA Spartan 6E hardware.

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FENG, Xi-guang, Yu-xia ZHAO, Jie-jian DI, and Quan-liang ZHAO. "Analyze the driving module of spiral robot by FEA and genetic algorithm." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 10020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818910020.

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The existing whip tail drive size parameter is obtained in the prototype a number of orthogonal experiments to obtain a value. In this paper, a new method is proposed. According to the resistance theory, a propulsive force calculation model is established, and then the local optimal solution is obtained through the combination of finite element method and genetic algorithm. The calculation is small and the thinking is clear. The obtained parameters are of reference to the prototype experiment.

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Payne, W. Vance, Jaehyeok Heo, and Piotr A. Domanski. "A Data-Clustering Technique for Fault Detection and Diagnostics in Field-Assembled Air Conditioners." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500153.

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Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) can be used to monitor the performance of air conditioners (ACs) and heat pumps (HPs), signal any departure from their optimal performance, and provide diagnostic information indicating a possible fault if degradation of performance occurs. For packaged systems fully assembled in a factory, an FDD module can be fully developed for all units of a given model based on laboratory tests of a single unit. For field-assembled systems, laboratory tests of a representative AC or HP installation can lead to the development of a “back-bone” preliminary FDD algorithm; however, in situ adaptation of these algorithms is required because of installation variations in the field. This paper describes a method for adapting a laboratory-based FDD module to field-assembled systems by automatically customizing the in situ FDD fault-free performance correlations. We validated the developed data-clustering technique with a set of nearly 6000 data points to generate fault-free correlations for an HP operating in the cooling mode in our laboratory. The study evaluated several fault-free feature models and indicated that the use of different order correlations during stages of data collection produced better fits to the data.

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Shams, D. F., N. Singhal, P. Elefsiniotis, and A. Johnson. "Treatment of farm dairy effluent with hybrid upflow multilayer bioreactor and activated sludge module." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 7 (April 1, 2010): 1683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.106.

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Biological removal of nitrogen and carbon from farm dairy effluent (FDE) was studied with two laboratory-scale systems following nitrification and denitrification processes. Each system consisted of an upflow multilayer bioreactor (UMBR) as a pre-denitrification unit, an aeration tank (AT) as nitrification unit and a secondary clarifier. The optimization of two operational variables, total hydraulic retention time (HRT) and internal recycle (IR) rate with both real-FDE and a synthetic-wastewater were investigated. First, HRTs of 2, 3, 4 and 5 days were tested with synthetic-wastewater at uniform IR rate. The HRT of 4 days proved optimum with high efficiencies for nitrification (>90%), denitrification (>90%) and total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (∼90%). The lowest efficiency was recorded at 2 days HRT with 7% nitrification efficiency. This was followed by experimentation with IR rates of 200%, 300% and 400% on both real-FDE and synthetic-wastewater at optimized HRT. The increase in IR to 300% improved the denitrification potential and overall performance with continuous high nitrification efficiency and COD removal whereas IR of 400% retarded the process. The application of combined UMBR and activated sludge system showed good potential for biological removal of nitrogen from FDE.

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Malathy, S., and R. Ramaprabha. "Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Look Up Table Approach." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.124.

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This work proposes a lookup table based approach to track the maximum power from a solar photovoltaic (PV) module. The performance of the solar PV module is greatly influenced by various environmental factors and it is therefore necessary to operate the PV module at its optimal point so as to ensure that maximum power is extracted from the PV source. Several fixed step and variable step maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In this paper a simple and fast maximum power tracking method based on lookup table approach is proposed. The maximum power point voltages for various insolation levels are obtained from the experimental setup and are fed to the look up table. This look up table thus formulated can then provide the reference voltage for various insolation conditions without many computations. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional MPPT methods like perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC) and Fuzzy logic (FLC) based MPPT. The simulation results show that the lookup table (LUT) approach tracks the maximum power point faster than the conventional algorithms under changing illumination conditions and reduces simulation time.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fed, Modèle de'

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