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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Federal Farm Loan Board

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Academic literature on the topic 'Federal Farm Loan Board'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Federal Farm Loan Board"

1

Pederson, Glenn, Ananth Rao, and Michael Boehlje. "Determinants of Restructured Farm Loan Performance." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 23, no. 2 (December 1991): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s008130520001815x.

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AbstractA probabilistic model is applied to cross-sectional data to identify determinants of post-restructure performance of Federal Land Bank loans. The results indicate that restructured loans were sensitive to factors that determine the debt repayment burden and the repayment ability of the restructured farm operations. Loan performance is found to be relatively more sensitive to the levels of the post-restructure interest rate and cash farm income than to the financial structure and leverage position of the restructured farm. The relationships between the post-restructure interest rate, cash farm income level, and the probability of loan performance are illustrated.

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2

Dodson, Charles B., and Bruce L. Ahrendsen. "Farm and lender structural change: implications for federal credit." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2016-0046.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine changes in the structures of US farms and lenders and identify prospective implications for federal credit. Design/methodology/approach Data from US farm operations for 1996-2014 were adjusted to 2014 values using commodity price indices. Farm size groups were constructed by value of farm production to analyze changes in farm numbers, production, assets, debt, leverage, liquidity, profitability, land tenure, commodity type, contract production, organization type, and use of Farm Service Agency (FSA) direct and guaranteed loans by farm size. Bank, Farm Credit System (FCS), and FSA data from 1996 to 2015 were adjusted to 2014 values. Lender size groups were constructed to analyze changes in bank and association numbers, farm loans, and use of FSA guaranteed loans by lender size. Findings The greatest consolidation has been by farms with over $2 million in production. More farm debt is held by large, complex organizations, frequently with multiple operators, more variable income, and greater reliance on production contracts and operating and nonreal estate credit. Large farms have greater leverage, are more profitable, and have a larger share of household income from the farm. Banks and FCS institutions are fewer and larger, yet smaller institutions use FSA guarantees to a greater extent. Larger farms tend to be more reliant on both direct and guaranteed FSA loans and are likely to become more dependent on FSA credit. Originality/value Changing farm and lender structure together with softening farm income may require FSA farm loan program changes to meet any increase in loan demand. Policy alternatives are provided to meet changing demand for farm credit.

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3

Kollmann, Trevor M., and Price V. Fishback. "The New Deal, Race, and Home Ownership in the 1920s and 1930s." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.366.

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Many federal government housing policies began during the New Deal of the 1930s. Many claim that minorities benefitted less from these policies than whites. We estimate the relationships between policies in the 1920s and 1930s and black and white home ownership in farm and nonfarm settings using a pseudo-panel of repeated cross-sections of households in 1920, 1930, and 1940 matched with policy measures in 460 state economic areas. The policies examined include FHA mortgage insurance, HOLC loan refinancing, state mortgage moratoria, farm loan programs, public housing, public works and relief, and payments to farmers to take land out of production.

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Long, Deng, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Bruce L. Dixon, and Charles B. Dodson. "Modeling duration of FSA operating and farm ownership loan guarantees." Agricultural Finance Review 76, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 426–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-04-2016-0036.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify determinants of feasible outcome events (expired with no loss, settled for loss, still performing) and time to event of Farm Service Agency (FSA) operating and farm ownership (FO) loan guarantees. Design/methodology/approach Data on 19,126 FSA guaranteed loans, which were made by various lenders to farmers who have limited ability to obtain loans from normal sources without the Federal guarantee, were collected. Cox proportional hazards models for operating loans (OLs) and FO loans are estimated to identify borrower characteristics, loan characteristics, lender types, and farm and macroeconomic environment factors that influence guarantee outcomes. Findings Loans with different characteristics (loan amount, loan term, lender type, region originated) and assistance programs (Beginning Farmer, Interest Assistance) have differing guarantee outcomes. Contemporaneous variables, in particular delinquency status, have a significant impact on guarantee outcomes. Research limitations/implications All loans were originated in calendar years 2004 and 2005. Since FO loans may have as long as 40 year terms, results are not as robust for FO loans as for OLs. Practical implications Different loan characteristics and macroeconomic conditions significantly influence the occurrence of possible guarantee outcomes and time to the outcomes. Originality/value Guaranteed loans are the primary method of government credit assistance to US farm operators. Data on individual borrowers have been difficult to obtain for much of the life of the guaranteed program because loan applications are held privately. This study provides insight on how various factors drive guarantee performance which is useful to policy makers trying to increase guaranteed loan program efficiency.

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5

Biermacher, Jon T., Francis M. Epplin, and Kent R. Keim. "Cropping systems for the Southern Great Plains of the United States as influenced by federal policy." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 21, no. 2 (June 2006): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2005119.

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The majority of cropland in the rain-fed region of the North Central District of Oklahoma in the US is seeded with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and most of it is in continuous wheat production. When annual crops are grown in monocultures, weed species and disease agents may become established and expensive to control. For many years prior to 1996, federal policy provided incentives for District producers to grow wheat and disincentives to diversify. In 1996, the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act (Freedom to Farm Act) was instituted, followed by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act (FSRIA) in 2002. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of FAIR and FSRIA programs on crop diversity in the North Central District of Oklahoma. The economics of three systems, monoculture continuous winter wheat, continuous soybean (Glycine max) and a soybean–winter wheat–soybean rotation, were compared using cash market prices (CASH), CASH plus the effective loan deficiency payments (a yield-dependent subsidy) of the FAIR Act of 1996, and CASH plus the effective loan deficiency payments of the FSRIA of 2002. We found that the loan deficiency payment structure associated with FAIR provided a non-market incentive that favored soybean. However, under provisions of the 2002 FSRIA, the incentive for soybean was adjusted, resulting in greater expected returns for continuous wheat. Due to erratic weather, soybean may not be a good alternative for the region. Research is needed to identify crops that will fit in a rotation with wheat.

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6

Seo, Sangtaek, Paul D. Mitchell, and David J. Leatham. "Effects of Federal Risk Management Programs on Optimal Acreage Allocation and Nitrogen Use in a Texas Cotton–Sorghum System." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 37, no. 3 (December 2005): 685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027176.

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We analyze the effects of crop insurance and the Marketing Loan Program on optimal nitrogen use and acreage allocation for a case cotton–sorghum farm in Texas. A mathematical programming model is used to solve for the optimal nitrogen fertilizer rate, crop acreage allocation, coverage level, and price election factor, along with participation in the crop insurance and the Marketing Loan Program for both crops. Results show that depending on the crop and farmer risk aversion, these federal risk management programs increase or decrease optimal fertilizer rates –6% to 3%, increase optimal cotton acreage 94% to 144%, and decrease sorghum acres up to 50%.

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7

Christopher W. Shaw. "“Tired of Being Exploited”: The Grassroots Origin of the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916." Agricultural History 92, no. 4 (2018): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3098/ah.2018.092.4.512.

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8

Dodson, Charles. "Bank size, lending paradigms, and usage of Farm Service Agency's guaranteed loan programs." Agricultural Finance Review 74, no. 1 (April 29, 2014): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-01-2013-0002.

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Purpose – An established paradigm in small business lending is segmented by bank size with large banks more likely to lend to large informationally transparent firms while small banks are more likely to lend to small informationally opaque firms. In light of banking consolidation, this market segmentation can have implications for credit availability. Federal loan guarantees, such as those provided by USDA's Farm Service Agency (FSA) may reduce the risks of lending to informationally opaque firms thereby mitigating the impacts of the bank size lending paradigm. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This analysis utilized a binomial logit procedure to determine if there was any empirical evidence that smaller community banks served a unique clientele of farmers when making FSA-guaranteed loans. The analysis relied on a unique data set which incorporated detailed data on farm businesses receiving FSA-guaranteed loans, loan characteristics, as well as information about the originating bank and characteristics of the local credit markets. Findings – Results were consistent with the bank size lending paradigm with smaller banks being less likely to engage in fixed-asset lending, and more likely to serve a riskier and less established clientele when making guaranteed loans. Research limitations/implications – Data limitations did not permit detailed analysis of banks larger than $250 million in total assets nor for consideration of non-bank lenders. An expansion by these lender groups into serving more informationally opaque borrowers could mitigate any adverse impacts arising from fewer small community banks. Practical implications – The results suggested that Federal guarantees do not completely eliminate the relative informational advantages of large and small size banks. And, continued bank consolidation, such that there are fewer small community banks, could result in less credit availability among smaller, less creditworthy farm businesses. Social implications – While FSA guarantees may not enhance a large banks propensity to serve informationally opaque farm borrowers, they may enhance the ability of smaller community banks to serve groups specifically targeted through FSA lending programs; the provision of credit to family farmers who, despite being creditworthy, are unable to obtain credit at reasonable rates and terms. Originality/value – The analysis examines relationship between bank size and the use of FSA guarantees using a unique data set which incorporated information on FSA-guaranteed loans, farm financial characteristics, along with characteristics of commercial banks which participated in the FSA-guarantee program.

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9

Hanson, Steven D., Robert J. Myers, and James H. Hilker. "Hedging with Futures and Options under a Truncated Cash Price Distribution." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 31, no. 3 (December 1999): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008762.

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AbstractMany agricultural producers face cash price distributions that are effectively truncated at a lower limit through participation in farm programs designed to support farm prices and incomes. For example, the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement Act (FAIR) makes many producers eligible to obtain marketing loans which truncate their cash price realization at the loan rate, while allowing market prices to freely equilibrate supply and demand. This paper studies the effects of truncated cash price distributions on the optimal use of futures and options. The results show that truncation in the cash price distribution facing an individual producer provides incentives to trade options as well as futures. We derive optimal futures and options trading rules under a range of different truncation scenarios. Empirical results highlight the impacts of basis risk and yield risk on the optimal futures and options portfolio.

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10

Tweeten, Luther G. "Directions of U.S. Farm Programmes under a Freer Trade Environment." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i2pp.89-105.

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For the new round of WTO multilateral trade liberalisation negotiations to be successful, the world will need to be more enthusiastic and flexible about opening markets. Partisans will need to submerge their self-interests, and the U.S. will need to take the initiative for more open markets. This paper makes the case that only modest changes in the U.S. domestic grain, oilseed, and cotton programmes are needed for compatibility with global free trade. The Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 and related policy changes in the 1990s brought fundamental reforms compatible with freer domestic and foreign markets. Chief among these were a shift from coupled deficiency payments to decoupled direct payments, an end to supply management, and less engagement of government in commodity stock accumulation and export subsidies. Converting commodity price support to recourse loans while ending all but administrative cost subsidies to crop insurance would go far to liberalise grain, oilseed, and cotton policies. Unilateral termination of commodity programmes including direct payments totalling 42 percent of net cash farm income in year 2000 would appear to be traumatic to producers. However, reduction of direct payments could be offset (for farm income) by rising farm commodity prices and receipts resulting from (1) less farm output attending lower loan rates and crop insurance subsidies, and (2) world farm commodity price-enhancement from freer global trade.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Federal Farm Loan Board"

1

Vancel, James Hugh. "Innovative Finance or Toxic Credit: The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 and its Role in Agricultural Debt Accumulation Prior to the Great Depression." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244815.

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Books on the topic "Federal Farm Loan Board"

1

Controlling the risks of government-sponsored enterprises. Washington, DC: The Office, 1991.

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2

Oversight hearing on the Federal Housing Finance Board: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Regulatory Relief of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, on ... Federal Housing Finance Board, the Federal Home Loan Bank System, and the federal home loan banks, September 24, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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3

United States League of Savings Institutions. Task Force on FSLIC Issues. A comprehensive strategic plan for the FSLIC: Report of Task Force on FSLIC Issues. Chicago, IL (111 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago 60601): United States League of Savings Institutions, 1986.

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4

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Federal regulation of direct investments by savings and loan associations: Twenty-first report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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5

Office, General Accounting. Thrift industry: The Treasury/Federal Home Loan Bank Board plan for FSLIC recapitalization : briefing report to selected members of Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1987.

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6

United, States Congress House Committee on Banking Finance and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on General Oversight and Investigations. Extinguishment of the FSLIC's secondary reserve fund and its impact upon the nation's FSLIC-insured institutions: Hearings before the Subcommittee on General Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One-hundredth Congress, first session, June 11 and 17, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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7

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Federal Home Loan Bank Board 1988 deals: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress Congress, second session, September 14, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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8

Office, General Accounting. Thrift industry: The Treasury/Federal Home Loan Bank Board plan for FSLIC recapitalization : briefing report to selected members of Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1987.

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9

Northouse, Cameron. The Federal Home Loan Bank Board, lending institutions, and real estate appraisal: The new requirements of Memorandum R 41c. Dallas, Tex: CRA/Contemporary Research Associates, 1987.

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10

Corporation, Federal Deposit Insurance, ed. Condition of the federal deposit insurance funds: Hearings before the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One-hundredth Congress, second session, July 7, and August 3, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Federal Farm Loan Board"

1

"6 The Origin of the Federal Farm Loan Act: Issue Emergence and Agenda-Setting in the Progressive Era Print Press." In Fighting for the Farm, 113–28. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812201031.113.

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2

Quinn, Sarah L. "Credit as a Tool of Statecraft." In American Bonds, 69–87. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691156750.003.0004.

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This chapter shows how Progressives returned to the issue of farm credit distribution in the early 1900s and drew on European precedents to reframe credit allocation as a way for the central government to help people help themselves. American Progressives thus replaced their earlier, more radical farm credit politics with a more moderate vision of government-supported credit as an inexpensive way of supporting self-help. The chapter then considers the Federal Farm Loan Act (FFLA). Compared with other hallmarks of Progressive Era state building, the FFLA seems relatively unimportant. Nevertheless, it was a turning point in the use of selective credit as a tool of federal statecraft in the United States. The FFLA provided federal credit on a national level that was administered through public–private partnerships and bolstered by tax expenditures. By tracing the lead-up to this policy, one can see how Progressives forged a new array of cultural and organizational approaches to federal credit that would later proliferate across policy arenas.

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