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1
Madunezim, Chukwuma J., Chukwukadibia C. Eze, and Juliet N. Oredu. "Application of e-governance in service delivery: A study of Federal Inland Revenue Service." Journal of Policy and Development Studies 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2024): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v14i2.8.
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The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) plays a pivotal role in Nigeria's fiscal landscape, responsible for collecting revenue through various taxes, including income tax, value-added tax (VAT), and corporate tax, among others. Historically, tax administration in Nigeria was marked by inefficiencies, corruption, and a lack of transparency. However, the adoption of egovernance as an important tool used in the delivery of government services to the people by leveraging It is based on this, that this study explores the application of e-governance in the Federal Inland Revenue. The study was a documentary research. Some challenges uncovered by the research include the digital divide, inadequate technology infrastructure, lack of digital literacy, cyber security threats, organizational culture, and lack of enabling legislation were discovered. In conclusion, the application of e-governance in the Federal Inland Revenue Service of Nigeria has revolutionized the nation's tax administration. It has enhanced efficiency, transparency, and revenue collection while improving taxpayer satisfaction. As Nigeria continues its journey toward digital transformation, e-governance in the FIRS stands as a testament to the positive impact of technology on governance. The paper, therefore, recommends that the government should improve internet infrastructure and access and that digital literacy programmes should be promoted to ensure the sustainability and inclusivity of e-governance initiatives .
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Imo, ThankGodObutor. "Tax Audit and Tax Revenue: An Empirical Study of Federal Inland Revenue Service." Journal of Accounting and Financial Management 8, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/jafm.v8.no8.2022.pg95.112.
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This study examined audit tax and tax revenue in Nigeria by means of a causal study design on a population twenty six (26) Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), field offices in south south geographical location of Nigeria. Questionnaire was distributed to three (3) management staff from each of the 26 FIRS field offices in south south Nigeria, given a total of 78 respondents that constitutes the respondents of the study. Data for analysis was collected through primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected through questionnaire to respondents, while secondary data was collected from FIRS Planning, Research and Statistics Department, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, articles, magazines and other published studies for the period covering 2007-2019. A total of 78 copies of the questionnaire were produced and distributed, of which 73 copies (93.59%) were successfully retrieved. However, out of the 73 copies that were returned only 67 copies (85.90%) were valid and used for the analysis. The simple linear regression was used for analysis. The results revealed that, tax audit statistically and significantly has effect on petroleum profit tax, company’s income tax and value added tax. The study therefore concludes that, tax audit has positive significant effect on tax revenue in Federal Inland Revenue Service of Nigeria, and recommends that the Federal Inland Revenue Service should encourage, strengthen and give more attention to the tax audit department, focus more on the audit activities of the service. This will deter taxpayer’s against non-compliance and discourage tax evasion
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Femi Akinfala, Fred, Martha Ekong, Abubakar M. Liman, Pirfa Tyem, Adashu Ashu, and Mohammed Kam-Selem. "Federal Inland Revenue Service Tax Awareness Index: Development and Validation." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 7 (June 17, 2018): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n7p249.
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Taxation is not just a means for generating revenue for the country, it is also a tool used to regulate the economy using fiscal policy, to control inflation, prices of goods and services and bridge the gap between the rich and the poor. However, the awareness for this all-important component of any goal-oriented government is poor. It is against this backdrop that this study aimed at developing a Tax Awareness Index for use in the Nigerian context. The study adopted descriptive survey approach with a cross-sectional design. The sampling approach to recruit participants for the study was the convenience sampling method. Data analysis involved the use of principal component analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation. Results showed that the initially proposed 10-factor solution of 94 questionnaire items was not supported with the data gathered. However, a 5-factor solution emerged that made substantive sense for the purpose of developing a Tax. Awareness Index. A composite score on the 5-factor solution indicates the level of tax awareness for a respondent. It was concluded that this index would serve as a viable tool to measure how much the general populace is aware of tax and its components.
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Mohammed, Sani Damamisau, Abdulsalam Mas'ud, Yusuf Ibrahim Karaye, Muhammad Muhammad Sallau, Aishatu Danjuma Adam, and Bashir Ali Sulaiman. "Evaluation of Tax Digitalization Efforts by Federal Inland Revenue Service and their Impacts on Tax Collection 2002-2021." Journal of Accounting and Taxation 3, no. 2 (July 2, 2023): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/jat.v3i2.1138.
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The federating states and capital of federal republic of Nigeria are too dependent on federally collected revenues largely from oil and gas. However, taxation is indisputably the most viable and sustainable means of raising revenue for public expenditures. Therefore, the federal government can enhance its bases of taxation to generate more tax revenue for the federating units to share especially with known shocks in oil and gas revenue. Conversely, increasing number of individuals and corporate bodies that pay taxes to the federal government are making tax administration more difficult. To overcome this, the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) has embarked on processes of digitizing tax administration at the federal level. Consequently, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the tax digitalization processes by FIRS by one, describing the digitalizations and two, by undertaking trend analyses of total tax revenue collections 2002-2021. To achieve these, secondary data is collected from the literature and publications of the FIRS while public policy analytical framework underpins the study. Results from the study revealed that there are consistencies in efforts by the FIRS to digitalize tax administration in Nigeria even though implemented in short time intervals. Similarly, on the overall, there are increasing but fluctuating trends of tax revenue collection by FIRS 2002-2021 implying the positive impacts of the current digitalization efforts.
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Imo, hankGod Obutor, Mac-Kingsley Ikegwuru, and Chiemam Faith Okee. "Moderating Role of Information Technology on the Relationship between Tax Compliance and Tax Revenue: An Empirical Study of Federal Inland Revenue Service." IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management 8, no. 6 (August 29, 2023): 14–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijebm.v8.no6.2022.pg14.35.
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This study investigated the moderating effect of information technology on the relationship between tax compliance and tax revenue in Nigeria by means of a causal study design on a population twenty six (26) Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), field offices in south south geographical location of Nigeria. Questionnaire was distributed to three (3) management staff from each of the 26 FIRS field offices in south south Nigeria, given a total of 78 respondents that constitutes the respondents of the study. Data for analysis was collected through primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected through questionnaire to respondents, while secondary data was collected from FIRS Planning, Research and Statistics Department, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, articles, magazines and other published studies for the period covering 2007-2019. A total of 78 copies of the questionnaire were produced and distributed, of which 73 copies (93.59%) were successfully retrieved. However, out of the 73 copies that were returned only 67 copies (85.90%) were valid and used for the analysis. The simple linear regression was used for analysis. The results proved that, information technology statistically and significantly significant moderates the relationship between tax compliance and tax revenue. The study therefore concludes that,information technology positively and significantly moderates the relationship between tax compliance and tax revenue of Federal Inland Revenue Service, and recommends that federal Inland Revenue Service should encourage the use of ICT by procuring quality and relevant electronic gadget in all zonal/field offices especially in the south south to facilitate tax compliance and tax revenue generation.
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Musa, Ahmed Balarabe, Abubakar Abdullahi, Abdulkarim Garba, Hadiza Badamasi, and Abdulaziz Abdullahi. "TAX REVENUE EFFECTS ON GOVERNMENT REVENUE GENERATION IN NIGERIA." GUSAU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/gujeds.v3i1.20.
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The study focussed on how Nigeria's value-added tax affected the country's ability to generate income spanning twenty years (1999-2019). The journal of the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria, Federal Inland Revenue Service Annual Reports, and the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin were sought out as secondary sources of data. A simple regression technique was used to accomplish the analysis. Results indicated that company income tax and Value Added Tax have a statistically significant impact on Nigeria's income generation. The report recommends the following actions: the government should make every effort to enhance the manner in which value-added tax is collected; all VAT agents should be committed and appear honest with regard to collection and payment Moreover, the country's tax base will grow as goods and services are taxed more which includes the activities of the informal sector.
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Mustapha, A. I., and C. Nwani. "Communication and Organizational Effectiveness in Nigeria’s Federal Inland Revenue Service (2000 - 2015)." Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0043944.
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AGBONIKA, JOHN ALEWO MUSA, and JOSEPHINE ALADI ACHOR AGBONIKA. "AN OVERVIEW OF THE PERSONAL INCOME TAX AND CAPITAL GAINS TAX REGIME IN NIGERIA." American Journal of Law 3, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajl.881.
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In Nigeria, the Personal Income Tax is a tax charged on the income of individuals and is imposed on different sources of income like labour, pensions, interest and dividends. Revenues from the Personal Income Tax constitute an important source of income for three tiers of government in Nigeria. Capital gains tax administration in Nigeria is regulated by the Capital Gains Tax Act.[1] The Act is administered by both Federal Inland Revenue Service and the States Internal Revenue Service. Federal Inland Revenue Service deals with the taxation of capital gains arising from the deposal of property by corporate entities while the State Internal Revenue deal with gains on deposal by individual sole traders. The Tax rate is 10% on capital gains. The capital gain is the difference between the sale proceeds from sale of the assets. Expenses that are incidental to the deposal are allowed as a deduction from the sales proceeds. The objective is to provide better understanding of the different ways of assessing and collection of taxes with a view to providing and ensuring improved compliance by the tax payers. The paper further examines the issues relating to persons subject to tax, resident, the key legislation governing imposition of tax in Nigeria including the authorities charged with the responsibility to administer it. In carrying out this research we adopted a theoretical framework by looking at other literature on the subject as basis for our findings and recommendations. Findings revealed that tax has positive significant impact on government revenue in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that there should be increased tax awareness and campaign in order to enable government generate more revenue from tax to boost its gross domestic products.
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Folajimi Festus, ADEGBIE, OGBEBOR I.Peter, and ATHORA Zion Afokoghene ADEGBIE Folajimi Festus. "Federal Tax Revenue and Government Expenditure on Roads and Power in Nigeria." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 07, no. 06 (2023): 277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2023.7618.
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Government spending on infrastructural development is a key driver for the growth and development of any economy. Evidence from literature has shown that Nigeria was lagging behind on spending for infrastructural development as every sector of the Nigerian economy is challenged with huge infrastructure deficit and decay. The extent of government spending on roads and power in Nigeria, funded from federal tax revenue had remain uncertain. Studies have shown that while many developed and developing countries have fully diversified to income from taxes to fund infrastructure for development, Nigeria was yet to fully integrate income from taxes into its development programmes. Therefore, this study examined the effect of federal tax revenue (companies income tax, petroleum profit tax, customs and excise duties, value added tax and tertiary education tax) on government expenditure on roads and power in Nigeria. The study adopted an expo facto research design. The study evaluated the effect of federal tax revenue on government expenditure on roads and power in Nigeria from 1994-2021. A purposive sampling technique was adopted. Data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistics Bulleting, Office of Budget and Fiscal Policy, Nigerian Exchange Group and the Federal Inland Revenue Services. The validity and reliability of data were premised on the statutory audit of the financial statements of the government agencies by the office of the Auditor General of the Federation. Descriptive and inferential (multiple regression) statistics were used to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that government expenditure on roads (Adj.R2 = 0.806, F (5, 21) = 25.097, p < 0.000) and government expenditure on power (Adj.R2 = 0.742; F (5, 21) = 17.63; p <0.05) were significantly affected by federal tax revenue. The study concluded that federal tax revenue influenced government expenditure on roads and power in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommended that as a priority, the Federal Inland Revenue Service and other relevant tax authorities should device and implement strategies that will ensure effective collection of tax revenue from taxpayers. The federal government should strengthen tax administration in the country through capacity development programmes for staff of the Federal
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Kusena, Priscilla. "The Effect of Human Resource Management on Performance of Employees with Mediating Effect of Work-Life Balance in Nigeria." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijmg.2015.09.01.art008.
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This paper examined the effect of human resource management on the performance of public sector organizations with the mediating effect of the work-life balance of the Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue (FIRS). The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) regarding work-life balance and to examine the level of effectiveness of Human Resource Management of FIRS regarding work-life balance. The study also investigated the challenges of work-life balance faced by Human Resource Management in FIRS and suggested probable measures to improve the HRM system at FIRS. The study was hinged on the Easton System theory of 1979. The study adopted a quantitative survey with data collected from one hundred and thirty-two (132) respondents from the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Findings from the study reveal that there is an average level of practices of HRM regarding work-life balance in FIRS. Further, the findings revealed that the level of effectiveness of Human Resource Management of FIRS regarding work-life balance is poor. It also revealed that challenges include employers’ difficult policies and practices, lack of duty control, unsupportive employee relationships, inadequate human resources, increasingwork–life pressures, and high-stress levels. The study, therefore, recommends that the organization employs strategies that will boost staff morale, motivate workers, reduce absenteeism, and improve organizational productivity. This can be done through an efficiently managed work-life balance among employees at FIRS. Keywords: Human Resource Management, Performance, Public Sector, Work-life Balance, and Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue Service.
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Ibadin, Peter Okoeguale, and Kemebradikemor Embele. "The Effect of Forensic Audit Services on Tax Fraud in South-South, Nigeria." Accounting and Finance Research 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n3p30.
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The need to address tax fraud has increasingly been attracted to the state authorities’ administrators, decision-makers, scholars, and investigators in Nigeria. Although various efforts have been made to alleviate it for effective revenue generation, mobilization through taxation is still low. Consequently, this study examined Forensic Audit Services and Tax Fraud in South-South Nigeria. To this end, a cross-sectional research design with a survey research strategy was used. Copies of questionnaire, reflecting the research questions, were distributed to a sample size of 228 staff in the Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue Service in the South-South States with a target population (of 530) and a sampling error of 5% at a 95% confidence interval. To assess the study's hypotheses, the Robust Least Squares Estimation technique was used. Findings revealed that Forensic Audit Investigation Services disaggregated into Background Investigation, Investigative Interview, and Analytical Procedures exert a negative and significant effect on Tax Fraud. It was also revealed that the explanatory power of Litigation Support Services in the form of Pre-trial Support and Expert Witnessing negatively and significantly affected Tax Fraud. The implications of these findings suggest that forensic audit services mitigate the occurrence of tax fraud in Nigeria, thereby improving compliance and tax revenue generation. On the premise of the foregoing, we recommend that tax investigating agencies, such as the federal Inland Revenue Service and its counterparts in the states (all in Nigeria) should employ background investigation techniques including surveillance, undercover operations and database searches as a routine procedure to proactively search for indicators of fraud. Besides, tax officials should be well trained on the usefulness and application of analytical procedures, ranging from simple ratio analysis, data mining techniques, Bedford’s Law, and Beneish model during an investigation, to help in their audit efficiency.
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Jooji, Innocent, Margaret Oyekan, Zekeri Momoh, and Samuel Onuh. "The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), Tax Compliance and the Fight Against Corruption in Nigeria." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2023): e03359. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i9.3359.
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Purpose: The study seeks to investigate has the FIRS done to improve tax compliance and understand the effects of FIRS reforms had on tax compliance and the fight against corruption in Nigeria's tax system. Theoretical Framework: This study is situated within the context of Institutional Theory. The Federal Inland Revenue Service is a government institution saddled with the responsibility of collecting government internally generated revenue in Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: The design of the study is descriptive and historical research design. Data for this study were collected from secondary sources like textbooks, journal articles and internet sources while content analysis was used to analyse the data collected. Findings: The findings of this study shows that FIRS has ratified a number of international agreements, including the Global Forum on Transparency and agreements to prevent double taxation. Additionally, it has established Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), Exchange of Information, and started the tax amnesty. The FIRS has inter-agency relationships with governmental organisations including the EFCC and ICPC, among others. In addition, the FIRS's efforts have resulted in a surge in annual tax payments; in 2018, it collected N5,320 trillion, the most in its history since the FIRS was founded. Additionally, the FIRS noted a decline in the cost of revenue collection from 2.6% in 2016 to 2.49% in 2017 and 2.14% in 2018. Conclusion: Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) should expand its campaign to rural areas where there is little to no tax education in order to increase its enlightenment mechanisms on tax compliance. This can be done by having the FIRS educate traditional leaders on tax compliance, who will then inform the populace.
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Uhuaba, Okezie, and Tunji Siyanbola. "Tax Structure and Economic Development: An Infrastructural Viewpoint." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2020.4.2.101.
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Underdevelopment in Nigeria was attributed to the governments’ inability to invest in infrastructure, social inclusion, creation of jobs and youth empowerment, and improved the economy’s human capacity base. Therefore, this study examines Nigeria’s tax structure and economic development from the standpoint of infrastructural deficiencies. This study’s population consisted of 4,200 tax practitioners, senior management staff of the Federal Inland Revenue Service in Lagos State. Simultaneously, Taro Yamane’s formula was used to determine the sample size of 365. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients take values between 0.864 and 0.952, thus confirming the reliability of data used. The study employed a survey research design using a structured questionnaire administered to senior tax practitioners and senior staff of the Federal Inland Revenue Service. A total of 85% of the questionnaire administered were retrieved while descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The study found that the tax structure had a significant positive effect on infrastructure in Nigeria. The study recommended that investors critically and objectively study and understand the tax base dynamics and tax rates as they affect their taxable income from their investments.
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Ikeyi, Nduka. "Requirements for Funds, Bodies or Institutions Regulations 2011: Are Donations Made to Non-government Entities Still Tax Deductible in Nigeria?" Business Law Review 37, Issue 3 (June 1, 2016): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2016020.
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In 2011 the Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) issued regulations for the certification of entities entitled to receive tax-deductible donations (the ‘Regulations’). This statute note contends that the Regulations have inadvertently excluded non-government entities from receiving tax-deductible donations, and concludes that the Regulations are in excess of the powers of the FIRS.
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Agri, Eneji Mathias, Oko Sylvanus Ushie, Abubakar Abdullahi Kumo, and Felix Diyemang Nanwul. "Impact of Tax Revenue on Income Inequality and Poverty in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Technology Research 5, no. 2 (July 10, 2024): p65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v5n2p65.
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This study is on the impact of tax revenue on income inequality and poverty in Nigeria from 1995 to 2022, variables used are total tax revenue as the independent variable, poverty rate and income inequality proxy by Gini coefficient as dependent variables. Multiple taxation, corruption, value added tax, policy failures and inefficient fiscal operations are identified by this study as contributive factors to income inequality and poverty in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the relationship between total tax revenue and poverty rate is positive (as against apriori expectations). The estimated results are R2 at 0.626243 and adjusted R2 0.588253 which are the coefficient of determination or explainability of the independent variable (TTR) for the dependent variable (GIN), 63% of the changes in the dependent variable (GIN) is caused by changes in (TTR). The study concluded that tax revenue has a significant positive impact on poverty rate and income inequality in Nigeria. Major recommendations are that the Ministry of Finance, the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) the state board of Internal Revenue Service, the Joint Tax Board (JTB) should improve the dividend of taxation through accountability, transparency, better revenue generation and tax revenue expenditure on infrastructure and basic services.
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Yaqub, A.B., El, Ibrahim Musa, and Sule Magaji. "IMPACT OF MISMANAGEMENT AND EMBEZZLEMENT OF PUBLIC FUNDS ON GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND GOVERNANCE 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36766/ijag.v8i1.425.
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This study examines the impact of mismanagement and embezzlement of public funds in government parastatals using Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), Abuja as a case study. The study employs the survey descriptive research design. A total of 85 respondents were selected as the sample size comprising staff of Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), Abuja. Seventy-one (71) responses were validated from the survey. The findings reveal that the nature of mismanagement and embezzlement of the funds in the public sector is prevalent at (β = 0.912, R2 = 0.948, P = .000) and show that there are factors that enhance mismanagement and embezzlement of the fund in the government parastatals at (β = 0.892, R2 = 0.937, P = .000). It is found that mismanagement and embezzlement have a significant effect on the public fund in government parastatals (β = 0.887, R2 = 0.936, P = .000). It is also found that the extent to which financial irregularities and corrupt practices affect public service delivery (β = 0.896, R2 = 0.952, P = .000). Therefore, the study recommends the establishment of a strong penal code system to enforce laws and rules as sternly as the need for adequate punishment for offenders on corruption and related matters on fund embezzlement is paramount and germane.
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EFUNTADE, Olubunmi Omotayo, and Alani Olusegun EFUNTADE. "Tax Compliance (Active Tax Payers) and Non-Oil Tax Revenue in Nigeria: Exposition of Fiscal Exchange Theory and Expectation Proposition." WORLD JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND INVESTMENT RESEARCH 7, no. 1 (September 21, 2023): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/wjfir.v7.no1.2023.pg83.97.
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The paper investigated the tax compliance (active tax payers) and non oil revenue in Nigeria in relation to fiscal exchange theory and expectation proposition. The study adopted ex post facto research design; secondary data for nineteen years (2003 - 2022) were collected from various issues of the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS) statistical bulletin and annual reports. Tax compliances as regressand variable was measured with number of actual annual total non oil tax revenue in Nigeria and Tax compliances among active tax payers of company income tax (CIT), Petroleum profit tax (PPT), Capital gain tax (CGT), Value Added Tax (VAT) and Personal Income Tax (PIT) as regressors. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The findings revealed that tax compliance have significant effect on boosting tax revenue generation and that tax default can cause significant variation in government revenue. The variable in the model is significant at the 5% critical level and the regression coefficient reveals that 72.8% of the total variation in revenue is accounted for by tax compliance with other variables in the stochastic term accounting for the remaining 27.2%. Specifically, Tax Compliance (Active Tax Payers) is significantly and positively related to Active Tax Payers on Value Added Tax (ATVAT) (1.827925 ), Active Tax Payers on Company Income Tax (ATCIT) (2.84599) and Active Tax Payers on Petroleum Profit Tax (ATPPT) (2.286043 ), while Tax Compliance (Active Tax Payers) is negatively and insignificantly correlated with Active Tax Payers on Personal Income Tax (ATPIT)( -0.236908 ) Active Tax Payers on Capital Gain Tax (ATCGT)( - 0.236908 ) . It is recommended that Federal Inland Revenue Service should open more offices across the federation to increase the ease of paying taxes, set performance targets for managers of tax offices and sanction for non-performance.
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Kaka, Emmanuel John. "Trend Analysis of the Link Between Tax Reveneue, Non-Tax Revenue and Public Expenditure in Nigeria." Journal of Accounting Research, Organization and Economics 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jaroe.v3i3.18108.
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Objective – The paper is aimed at examining the relationship between government tax revenue, non-tax revenue and government expenditure in Nigeria. Design/methodology – Quantitative research design was employed. Secondary data were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, World Bank, World Data Atlas and Federal Inland Revenue Service. The study covers the period of 2010 to 2018. Meanwhile descriptive statistics was used to analyzed the data. Results – The findings of the study discovered that, there is a relationship between government revenue and government expenditure, and the Nigerian government revenue and expenditure is in line with the spend-and-revenue hypothesis. That is government revenue only respond to previous changes in expenditure. Thus, government is expected to generate enough tax revenue to enable it meet government expenses as revenue from oil is decreasing. This signifies that whenever there is high government expenditure, it is required that government must raise higher revenue, and in Nigeria, government expenditure is always higher than the revenue resulting to budget deficit. In addition, tax revenue was found to have been increasing even though at a slower rate. Limitation/Suggestion - The study recommends that Nigerian government should cut down current expenditures on wages, acquisition of goods and services that are unnecessary and increase capital expenditure. Increase in capital expenditures on education, infrastructures and health care will boast the economic activity and which will in turn increases government tax revenue.
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ADEYEYE, Gbadegesin Babatunde. "IMPROVING TAX ADMINISTRATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF FEDERAL INLAND REVENUE SERVICE)." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1913.
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This study investigates the impact of technology innovation on tax administration in Nigeria. Primary Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire administered on 219 staffers of Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) to elicit their responses. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Regression Model were used for the data analysis. The R value depicts that the use of information technology accounted for (76.3%) improvement in tax administration in Nigeria. The results strongly support the TPB in predicting the intention of users to adopt electronic tax-filing systems. The results also demonstrate the significant effect that computer self-efficacy has on behavioural intention through perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived risk of use. Based on the findings of this study, implications for electronic tax filing are discussed. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.
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Wingate, Emmanuel Onyedi. "Qualifications for Party Representatives and Arbitrators in Nigerian Arbitration: Shell v Federal Inland Revenue Service." Journal of African Law 64, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855320000170.
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AbstractNigeria's Court of Appeal held in Shell v Federal Inland Revenue Service (Shell v FIRS) that only Nigerian enrolled legal practitioners can sign processes for arbitration proceedings in Nigeria. Foreign qualified legal practitioners (FQLP) not enrolled in Nigeria are excluded. Arguably, this limitation extends to the conduct of the parties’ cases and excludes FQLP from appointment as arbitrators where the arbitration agreement specifies that arbitrators be legal practitioners. Shell v FIRS however, contrasts with Stabilini Visinoni v Mallinson, in which the same Court of Appeal had emphasized the flexibility of the arbitral process (which typifies judicial policy in any arbitration-friendly jurisdiction), particularly recognizing that arbitration practice is open to lawyers and non-lawyers alike. Consequently, this note recommends that Nigeria's Arbitration Act be amended to allow for representation by “persons” of the parties’ choice, mirroring the IBA Guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration 2013 and article 5 of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 2010.
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Eluyela, Damilola Felix, Inemesit Bassey, Olufemi Adebayo Oladipo, Adekunle Emmanuel Adegboyegun, Abimbola Ademola, and Joseph Madugba. "Impact of Capital Flight on Tax Revenue in Nigeria: A Co-integration Approach." Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p141.
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This study presents an empirical analysis of the impact of capital flight on tax revenue in Nigeria. We made use of secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of various issues, Federal Inland Revenue Services and National Bureau of Statistics. The empirical measurement covers the sample period between 1980 and 2015. An Ordinary Least Square, Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Error Correction Mechanism and Co-integration test was adopted in the study. The results revealed that the Gross Domestic Product has a significant effect in the positive direction, while capital flight and inflation rate have a significant effect in the negative direction. The study recommended that the Federal Inland Revenue System, the department saddled with the responsibility of tax collection, should review the tax system and policies with the aim of plugging loopholes in the existing tax system thereby preventing organizations from evading and avoiding taxes.
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Joseph, Fineboy Ikechi, and Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero. "The Nexus Between Government Revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria." Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2020-0003.
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AbstractThe aim of the study is to examine the relationship between government revenues and the economic growth of Nigeria. The study employs exploratory and ex-post facto research designs while using secondary form of data spanning from 1981 to 2018 collected from the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), National Bureau of Statistics and CBN statistical bulletin. The relationship is tested by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. The result reveals that federally received revenue and Value Added Tax (VAT) have a moderate positive relationship with the economic growth. The study provides evidence that there is a need for the government to formulate relevant revenue policies that will boost government income in order to have more favourable implication on the economy.
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Adedeji, Bose Deborah, Henry Kehinde Fasua, and Oluwafemi Michael Sunday. "Federal Inland Revenue Services, Tax Systems and National Economic Development in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, no. 22 (November 4, 2023): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i221151.
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The study examined the contributions of FIRS as one of the regulatory bodies to national economic development in Nigeria. The issue of harsh policies which becomes a noticeable threat to manufacturers (main tax payers) for relocating to neighbouring countries coupled with unfriendly tax policies approved by federal government and its attendants’ effects on the economy becomes the focus of the study It employs regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between FIRS’ tax policies to national development for the period of 12yrs (2011 - 2021). Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as substitute for national development while Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT), Company Income Tax (CIT) and Custom and Excise Duties (CED) were employed as proxy for contributions of FIRS to tax policies. The findings of this study revealed that all explanatory variables have significant relationships with dependent variable respectively; PPT- 0.0383, CIT - 0.000 and CED - 0.000. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between FIRS’ tax policies to national development in Nigeria. Therefore, recommended that, since policies are meant for the well-being of citizens and progress of the economy, views and objects of tax payers must be well- integrated in the formulation of those policies and the need for constant feedback and review to suit the economy. Also, there is need for a more pragmatic FIRS institution approach to the control and management of evasion, tax avoidance and other illicit practices in the tax system, in order to take advantages of positive effect of taxes on the National Economic Development.
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Anigbata, Davidson O., Paul Chibuike Ezebuilo, Celestina Ekene Chukwudi, and Symplus Ogbonna. "Workforce Diversity and Organisational Development: A Study of Federal Inland Revenue, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 3 (May 5, 2024): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2024-0022.
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Organizations all over the world are facing many challenges in the management of their workforce. One of the challenges is workforce diversity. Thus, because they are recruiting people from different backgrounds. The paper sought to examine the effects of workforce diversity in the federal inland revenue service Abakaliki. The broad objective of the paper is to examine the effect of workforce diversity in organizational management. The specific objectives are to find out whether workforce diversity brings about industrial harmony or disharmony; to ascertain the effects of managing multicultural organization and to examine the impacts of workforce diversity in the organizational development of federal Inland Revenue Service Abakalliki. Content Analysis was used in the study. This is because the study relies mainly on secondary data. Situational theory propounded by Fieldler, A (1967) was used as the basis upon which the framework of the study is hinged. The paper after analyses found that workforce diversity is an inevitable organizational challenge if organizations are recruiting workforce from diverse environments etc. The study therefore recommended that management should brace up for the challenges of managing multi-cultural organizations among others. The study implies that as many people from different strata of society are employed in organizations, workforce diversity, and conflicts are inevitable. The only panacea for the problems is to develop an organizational culture to is attuned to relativism; the failure of which industrial disputes, chaos, and mutual suspicion are evident. Received: 23 March 2024 / Accepted: 30 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024
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Umeokwobi, Richard, and Emeka Nkoro. "Tax revenue and private domestic investment." Bussecon Review of Finance & Banking (2687-2501) 1, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/brfb.v1i2.137.
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This paper investigated the impact of tax revenue on private domestic investment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018 using the modified ordinary least squares- Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The paper used oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and Corporate Income Tax (CIT) as the independent variables while Private Domestic Investment (PDI) is the dependent variable. Oil revenue and non-oil revenue were used as a proxy for oil and non-oil tax. These data were obtained from secondary sources- central Bank of Nigeria, World Bank database and Federal Inland Revenue service statistical bulletin. The result showed that a long-run relationship exists between the aforementioned variables. Also, the paper revealed that oil and non-oil do not have a significant impact on PDI but CIT has a positive and significant impact on PDI. The paper recommends that proper measures/reforms should be put in place in order to reduce the impact of tax on private domestic investment in Nigeria.
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Raymond A., Ezejiofor, and Apete Collins. "Stamp Duty Tax and Growth of Economy: Evidence from Nigeria." Macro Management & Public Policies 5, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i1.5523.
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This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy. Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020. For various years, related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, the Bureau of National Statistics, and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports. E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square. The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities.
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David Chukwunwike, Onyekachi, Grace Nyereugwu Ofoegbu, Felix Maduabuchi Amara, and Regina Gwamniru Okafor. "Government Accountability and Tax Revenue: Evidence from Nigeria." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 16, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2021/v16n4a8.
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The dire need to concentrate emphasis on, and increase the revenue of a nation, particularly from sources that are within her control, necessitated this study. The study submitted that, if governments are perceived to be accountable, more citizens will voluntarily pay their tax obligations. The perception that government is accountable lowers the necessity for coercion and costs of tax collection and improves revenue from taxation. Government accountability was proxied by corruption perception index (CPI) while tax revenue was represented by the total tax revenue generated by the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) from 1995 to 2020. Objectives of this study were to ascertain the relationship between government accountability and tax revenue, and to determine their causal relationship. The OLS estimation and Granger causality test were used in the analysis. The study revealed that there is no significant predictive relationship between government accountability and tax revenue; and that neither taxation granger causes government accountability nor government accountability granger causes tax revenue. The study found that, in Nigeria, tax obligations are not voluntarily complied with; instead, taxpayers are compelled. When government unaccountability is greeted with the slightest form of civil disobedience, all manner of coercion is applied to citizens. The study recommended the construction of the institutional facility and systems with political legitimacy to generate revenues from citizens.
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Olubukola Otekunrin, Adegbola, Tony Ikechukwu Nwanji, Damilola Felix Eluyela, Henry Inegbedion, and Temitope Eleda. "E-tax system effectiveness in reducing tax evasion in Nigeria." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 4 (November 5, 2021): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.15.
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This study examined how electronic tax system (E- tax system) reduces tax evasion in Nigeria. The survey sample was drawn from Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) staff and small and medium-scale enterprise taxpayers registered in F.C.T., Abuja, Nigeria. Primary data was derived from a questionnaire administered to a population of 60 officials and employees of the FIRS and taxpayers at a small and medium-scale enterprise registered in F.C.T., Abuja, Nigeria. The secondary data used was extracted from the tax revenue collection report on the FIRS platform for 2000–2019 (20 years). The conclusive research design was used. General linear model and linear regression were used to analyze the data collected. The E-tax system was measured using actual tax revenues and the level of electronic tax services. In contrast, tax evasion was measured using tax compliance and mind-set of taxpayers towards E-tax system. Taxpayers’ attitudes towards E-tax system, actual tax revenue, tax compliance and the level of electronic tax services were used as mediating and control variables; thus, results established a significant relationship, and this relationship is an adverse one. The work shows that an effective electronic tax system will significantly reduce tax evasion. Therefore, the proper implementation of the electronic tax system helps mitigate the problem of tax evasion that causes economic and social detriments in the tax administration system.
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A. Bukar, Bagoni. "Reflections on Some Emerging Issues in Tax Administration in Nigeria." Business Law Review 41, Issue 5 (October 1, 2020): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2020116.
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The dynamic nature of taxation requires a robust means of interpreting tax laws to accord with emerging economic realities. In Nigeria, the Tax Appeal Tribunal, as a first-line quasijudicial tax adjudication body, is gradually making its mark in the development of a clear tax jurisprudence by resolving disputes and controversies arising from the operation and administration of tax laws through purposive interpretations in line with best practices. Tax Appeal Tribunal, Nigeria, Federal Inland Revenue Service, VAT, Companies Income Tax Act.
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Umeokwobi, Richard, and Emeka Nkoro. "Tax revenue and private domestic investment: Evidence from Nigeria." International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v1i4.286.
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This paper investigated the impact of tax revenue on private domestic investment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018 using the modified ordinary least squares- Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The paper used oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and Corporate Income Tax (CIT) as the independent variables while Private Domestic Investment (PDI) is the dependent variable. Oil revenue and non-oil revenue were used as a proxy for oil and non-oil tax. These data were obtained from secondary sources- central Bank of Nigeria, World Bank database and Federal Inland Revenue service statistical bulletin. The result showed that a long-run relationship exists between the aforementioned variables. Also, the paper revealed that oil and non-oil do not have a significant impact on PDI but CIT has a positive and significant impact on PDI. The paper recommends that proper measures/reforms should be put in place in order to reduce the impact of tax on private domestic investment in Nigeria.
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Ifeyinwa, Asomba U., Madunezim U. Chukwuma, and Maureen K. Azubuike. "E-Tax Compliance in Nigeria: Implications for Company Income Tax and Petroleum Profit tax." NG Journal of Social Development 12, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ngjsd.v12i1.1.
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This work examines the effect of e-tax compliance in Nigeria: Implication on Company Income Tax and Petroleum Profit Tax. As Nigeria's economy continues to evolve in the digital age, the taxation landscape has seen significant changes with the advent of e-tax compliance. This work therefore aims to explore the implications of e-tax compliance on two key revenue streams for the Nigerian government: Company Income Tax (CIT) and Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT). The study reveals that the amount of capital gain tax revenue before (before the arrival of e-taxation) and after (after the advent of e-taxation) shows a positive, negligible difference and that the Petroleum Profit Tax also has a positive negligible difference between pre- (before the advent of e-taxation) and post- (after the advent of e-taxation). The study concluded that the transition to electronic tax compliance in Nigeria has been driven by the need for efficiency, transparency, and improved revenue collection. It has not only streamlined the tax assessment and payment process but has also increased the government's ability to monitor and collect taxes from this lucrative industry. Federal Inland Revenue Services should develop measures to ensure that defaulters are brought to book and dealt with in accordance with the laws, in addition to establishing a collaborative pattern between the government, Federal Inland Revenue Services and Nigerian taxpayers to enable them to observe any difficulty felt by the taxpayers or the shortcomings besetting the effectiveness of the system.
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Ahmed, Muhammad Ashfaq. "Pakistan‟s Governance Goliath: The Case of Non-Professional Chairman, FBR." Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2016): 621–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.621-656.
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The governance crisis of Pakistan‘s public sector is wide, deep and historically imbedded. There are a host of factors which contribute at varying degrees towards the extant of governance mess. The body of scholarship created to analyse the underlying factors of public sector management mess of Pakistan is not only scant but also deficient in quality, coverage and construct validity. In the entire administrative morass of Pakistan, the quagmire of Federal Board of Revenue (FBR)—house of the state‘s extractive function—is by far the most sombre and serious one. The paper picks up FBR as the unit of analysis and there too, only one variable, that is, appointment of a non-professional generalist as its Chairman to analyse below par performance of Pakistan‘s revenue function—by far the lowest in the world. It posits that appointment of non-professional Chairman, FBR, is a compelling exposition of a collusive duopoly arrangement between elites and generalist cadres of Pakistan civil services—both symbiotically pursuing their perverse particularistic interests at the expense of citizenry at large. The paper develops a theoretical framework within which it attempts to analyse domination of Pakistan‘s extractive function over history from various dimensions. It argues that, since the entire institutional infrastructure of the state has fallen hostage to elitesgeneralist duopoly paradigm, the control of its extractive function is only a logical consequence thereof, and that a non-professional generalist chairman is imposed on the revenue function only to precisely, and fully control the extractive policy formulation process as well as the extractive operations on the ground—to the ultimate advantage of the duopoly. JEL Classification: H1 Keywords: Public Sector Management, Federal Board of Revenue, Civil Service of Pakistan, Inland Revenue Service, Chairman, FBR, Institutionalism
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Nwakeze, Emmanuel Obiora, Samuel Oshiole, and Okechukwu Onwuliri. "Tax Gap Assessment Between Oil-Tax and Non-Oil-Tax Revenue in Nigeria: Practical Measures for Trimming the Tax Gap in Non-Oil Tax." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (July 6, 2023): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(4).17.
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Oil is inarguably a non-renewable source of energy. Thus, some day somehow it would run out and run dry. Nigeria is found to be one of the countries of the world that over-rely on oil-tax revenue, against the non-oil tax revenue. However, to gain research evidence into this, the study embarked on the assessment of their tax gap, to determine which reported a wider or severer tax gap. Ex-post facto design was the research design deployed since quantitative data are already available, and obtained from Federal Inland Revenue Service, Nigeria. Regression statistics (applied with the aid of SPSS, ver. 25) was utilized for the data analyses and test of hypothesis. The study found that, although non-oil tax revenue recorded a stronger correlation (81.3%), it has a significantly wider tax gap – 40% above that, reported by oil-tax. From these finding and conclusion, the study recommended, among others, looking the way of non-oil tax revenue, such as investment in cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, agriculture, and services; the review of some of the non-tax rates to adapt them to the dynamic economic realities; and provision of greater enforcement resources to tax authorities for more effective tax administration.
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James Oladejo, Olusola. "Effect of Federal Government Tax and Non-Tax Revenue on Economic Growth in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-dju0ahoi.
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The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of tax and non-tax revenue generated by the federal government on the economic growth of Nigeria. The study utilised an ex post facto approach and specifically examined the Nigerian economy as a whole, resulting in a population and sample size of one. Data was collected from secondary sources, including the yearly reports and statistics releases of the CBN and the office of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). The study spanned a decade, specifically from 2001 to 2020. The hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression for data analysis. The regression study revealed a substantial influence of federal government tax income on economic growth. The F-statistic yielded a value of 466.0399, the P-Value was determined to be 0.000, and the R-squared value was calculated as 0.962813. These results indicate that about 96.28% of the variability in real GDP can be accounted for by tax revenue. Similarly, the analysis demonstrated a substantial impact of non-tax revenue from the federal government on the growth of the economy. The F-statistic yielded a value of 201.5388, the P-Value was found to be 0.000, and the R-squared value was determined to be 0.918010. These results indicate that about 91.80% of the variance in real GDP can be accounted for by non-tax revenue. Moreover, the economic growth was significantly influenced by the overall revenue of the federal government. The F-statistic yielded a value of 469.5482, indicating a strong statistical significance. The P-value was 0.000, further confirming the significance of the results. The R-squared value was 0.963081, indicating that approximately 96.31% of the fluctuation in real GDP can be accounted for by total tax revenue. These findings emphasise the essential importance of both tax and non-tax revenue, namely from the federal government, in stimulating economic growth. In order to increase revenue generation, it is crucial for the government to give priority to enhancing tax administration and compliance. This can be accomplished by implementing efficient tax regulations, streamlining tax procedures, and establishing strong monitoring and enforcement measures. Furthermore, it is advisable to diversify non-tax revenue streams beyond oil.
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A. M., Otuedon, and Ogodogun College. "Taxation and Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 7, no. 1 (February 6, 2024): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-zsxj1y1p.
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The study examined the linkage between taxation and socio-economic development in Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive research design using secondary data collected from various issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Planning, Research and Statistics Department, National Bureau of Statistics and Federal Inland Revenue Service bulletins. The study focused on a five year time series study from 2017 – 2021. The study was anchored on the socio-political theory of taxation and the study methodology involved the review of extant literature on two groups of taxes: oil and non-oil taxes and how they are used to bring about socio-economic development proxied by GDP expenditure at constant purchase prices. The review revealed that tax revenue had positive relationships with socio-economic development, but they are grossly inadequate to meet up with GDP expenditures. The study concluded that tax revenues are under generated in relation to crude sales. It was recommended that among others that the government should engage in a complete re-organization of tax administrative machinery to reduce poor documentation of tax receipts, incidence of tax evasion and avoidance to the barest minimum to improve tax revenue and bring more taxpayers into the tax radial in order to enhance socio-economic development.
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Fidelis U. Amahi, Ph.D. "EFFECTIVENESS OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING IN CURBING FINANCIAL CRIMES IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR." Finance & Accounting Research Journal 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/farj.v5i1.431.
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The effectiveness of forensic accounting in curbing financial crimes in the Nigerian public sector is in this research undertaking examined. The study made use of the fully modified ordinary least squares method (FMOLS) approach for data analyses of the EViews 13 statistical software. The FMOLS method produces reliable estimates for small sample size and provides a check for robustness of the results The data used for this study were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Service and National Bureau of Statistic for various years; the method adopted for collecting data is secondary source of data collection. It is concluded that there is a significant role of forensic accounting in tax revenue to ensure fraud is curbed and subsequently eliminated to affect the performance of our public sector as reflected in the economic development of the Nigerian nation. This study proposes recommendation for internal control system which public sector organization can implement in order to reduce likelihood of fraudulent activities and strengthen the more efficacies of these services for the survival of public sector organizations in Nigeria.
Keywords: Forensic Accounting, Tax Revenue, Economic Growth, Financial Crimes, Nigerian Public Sector.
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Uguagu, Nkiru Gladys, Ifeyinwa U. Asomba, and Innocent Orji Kalu. "E-Taxation and Tax Compliance in Nigeria: Periscoping Change Perspectives." NG Journal of Social Development 12, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ngjsd.v12i1.3.
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This study examined the issue of e-taxation and improved tax compliance in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. Analysis conducted in the study made use of secondary quantitative data collated from the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Enugu State Internal Revenue Service (ESIRS). The study revealed that e-taxation has significant positive effect on tax evasion in Nigeria. The study revealed higher mean value for tax revenue after the adoption of e-taxation when compared with the mean value before the adoption of the e-taxation system, it also revealed that e-taxation has significantly helped in stemming the tide of tax avoidance to a large extent in Nigeria. The analysis of the data indicated higher mean value for tax revenue after the adoption of e-taxation when compared with the mean value before the adoption of the e-taxation system. The study made some vital recommendations which include the need for FIRS to create an electronic tax payment system mobile applicaion which will serve as a means of creating more awareness and simplification of the e-tax system in the country. It was concluded that the e-taxation system commands high tax compliance than the manual system era in Nigeria.
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Cletus Okey, Amah. "Taxation and Nigerian Economy: an Empirical Analysis." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 7, no. 4 (2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.74.1004.
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The study was carried out to investigate the effect of Nigerian taxation system on Nigerian economy. The study anchored on benefit received theory of taxation as it theoretical framework. The study covered a period of 18 years (1999-2017). Time series data extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Federal Inland Revenue Service for the various years was used for the study. Ordinary Least Square method of regression was adopted for data analysis. The independent variables are Value Added Tax (VAT), Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT), and Company Income Tax (CIT) while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the dependent variable. The regression result revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between the independent variables (PPT, CIT) and Gross Domestic Product. However the relationship between Value Added Tax and Gross Domestic Product is negative. It is recommended that government should provide enabling environment for companies to generate more revenues. Government should also reduce the VAT rate to encourage consumption of certain goods.
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Ikhatua, Jude Ohi, and Peter Okoeguale Ibadin. "Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria." Accounting and Finance Research 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v8n1p103.
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Today, countries, especially the developing ones rebase their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to determine their economic strength. Nigeria as an acclaimed giant in Africa cannot but continuously examine variables which may impact the economy. It is in this light that this study was intended to investigate the Determinants of Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria. To achieve this, secondary data, as time series data, covering a period of 1980 to 2015, were used and sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Annual Abstract from the Office of the National Bureau of Statistics and the Federal Inland Revenue Service, both in Nigeria. The dependent variable of Tax Revenue Effort (TTAXeff) was regressed on macro independent variables of Agricultural Sector Productivity(AGRICSP), Manufacturing Sector Productivity (MANSP), Tourism Sector Productivity(TOURSP), Telecommunication Sector Productivity(TELCOMSP), Capital Flight(CAPFR), Trade Openness (TOPEN) and Human Capital Development(HCD). The study adopted a longitudinal research design and used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to evaluate the models. The findings revealed that Agricultural Sector Productivity, Tourism Sector Productivity, Trade Openness and Human Capital Development had significant and positive effects on Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria. The Manufacturing Sector Productivity, Telecommunication Sector Productivity and Capital Flight had significant but negative effects on Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria. There is however the need to consistently ensure better performance of tax efforts in the country through strict and meticulous enforcement of tax rules and tax administrations procedures in the country.
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Adesola, Adesola, and Wasiu Adebisi. "Testing the Causal Nexus Between Tax Revenue and Human Development in Nigeria." Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management 11, no. 01 (January 16, 2024): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjebm.2024.v11i01.002.
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We examined the effect of tax revenue on human development in Nigeria in this study. To carry out this study, we use Companies’ income tax, petroleum profit tax, value added tax, and customs and excise duties tax revenue on per capita income for the period 1990 to 2021. Ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. Secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) reports and the World Banks database was used. Several statistical and econometric techniques were applied to analyze the data. Findings from the study revealed that tax revenue in the long and short run had an insignificant effect on human development (proxied with per capita income) in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government should invest tax revenue on the health system in form of providing adequate health infrastructures, provision of relevant and specialized manpower in the health sector, and provide adequate sensitization on healthy lifestyles that would promote increased life expectancy in Nigeria. Lastly, government should invest tax revenue in creating awareness on the benefits of early child enrolments in schools, provide adequate incentives to motivate teachers to deliver on the job and build conducive learning environments that will encourage students to engage in learning.
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Gurama, Zakariya’u, and Muzainah Mansor. "CONNECTING COMPETENCY IN INTERNAL AUDIT WITH TAX ADMINISTRATION PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN TAX AUTHORITY." Vol 11 No 2 (2021) 11, No.2 (July 29, 2021): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jbma2021.11.2.5.
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The aim of this study is to identify and analyse internal audit competency requirement for effective auditing performance in tax administration. To achieve this, a case study methodology was employed to carry out a face-to-face interview with 9 internal auditors of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) Nigeria. The collected data was analysed using Nvivo qualitative software. The findings of the study show that qualification, knowledge and skills are the three major indicators of internal auditors’ competency in performing effective auditing functions in tax administration. This study implies that to achieve a successful performance of internal auditing in the FIRS, competent internal audit staffs are highly needed for effective internal auditing performance.
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Okonye, Ekendu E., Jane C. Akujor, Festus E. Ubogu, and Ifeanyi R. Omeziri. "Effect of Tax Audit and Investigations Strategies on Tax Deductions at Source/Advance Tax Payment Method in Nigeria (A Study of South East Geographical Zone)." AKSU Journal of Management Sciences 8, no. 1&2 (November 15, 2023): 63–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujomas.2023.006.
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The study examines the effect of tax audit and investigations strategies on tax deductions at source/ advance tax payment in Nigeria, which is the main objective of the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in obtaining data based on the opinion ofrespondentsfrom the Federal Inland Revenue service (FIRS) in Nigeria. The population of the study is 350 staff of FIRS selected from five states in south eastern Nigeria (70 per state), who were administered with a questionnaire. The study made use of convenience sampling technique out of which 250 questionnaires filled by the staff was adopted as the study sample size. The study employed descriptive statisticssuch as percentages and frequencies and the use of linearregression method. The study findings reveal that tax audit and investigations elements have a significant effect on tax deductible at source/ advance tax payment except access to information from other countries revenue authorities which has no significant effect on tax deductible at source/ advance tax payment.
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Omodero, C. O. "Tax revenue collection or foreign borrowing: what fiscal tools enhance the educational development in Nigeria?" Journal of Tax Reform 7, no. 3 (2021): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2021.7.3.100.
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Nigeria’s educational system does not receive sufficient finances and nearly every new administration proposes greater levels of borrowing on the belief that they would enhance the economy, particularly human capital. The most important fiscal tools utilized in the Nigerian political arena to support education are tax revenue collection, foreign borrowing, and its interest component. This study aims to examine the impact of these fiscal tools on educational development in Nigeria. We use the multiple regression analysis of the data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria, Federal Inland Revenue Service, and World Bank Economic Development Indicators. The statistics ranging from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The correlation data shows that education has a substantial positive association with foreign liabilities and taxation income at the 1% level, but the relationship with debt servicing (interest rate) is negatively significant at the 1% level. Foreign debt, on the other hand, shows a substantial positive association with education and tax income at the 1% level but has an insignificant negative correlation with interest rate. Tax income has a substantial negative association with interest rates, but it also has a positive relationship with education and foreign loans. The findings of this study show that foreign debt and interest rates have had little impact on Nigeria’s educational system. The study result met the a priori expectation that tax revenue should impact positively on the development of education in Nigeria. As a result, the research recommends the prudent use of tax revenues while opposing foreign borrowing for political campaigns.
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R. O., Adesanya, Anene E. B., Bosah V. I., Bankole O. E., and Ogundele O. S. "Tax Revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Bi-Directional Approach." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 12, no. 02 (February 17, 2024): 5880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i02.em06.
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The study examined the bi-directional effect of tax revenue and economic growth in Nigeria from 2011 to 2022 by employing total tax revenue and nominal Gross Domestic Product at current price. Data was extracted from 2011 to 2022 quarterly reports published on the website of the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics and Federal Inland Revenue Service. Unit Root test using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test shows that at the first difference, the variables are stationary at 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significance while Engle and Granger co-integration test reveals significant evidence of a long-run relationship between the variables of the study’s models. Findings from Error Correction Model (ECM) estimation show that Total Tax Revenue has a positive and significant effect on Nominal Gross Domestic Product (t-stat 4.777; P-value 0.000) and Nominal Gross Domestic Product has a positive and significant effect on Total Tax Revenue (t-stat 5.552; P-value 0.000). The Granger Causality test revealed that there exists a positive and significant bi-directional effect between Total Tax Revenue and Nominal Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. The study concludes that tax revenue has a positive and significant effect on economic growth and economic growth has a positive and significant effect on tax revenue. The study recommends that the government ensure continuous economic growth by providing human capital, security, employment, and foreign investment. This would increase the standard of living of citizens, increase tax payer’s income, and attract foreign investors who would pay tax on their income and properties.
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Sanni, Abiola. "Problems of Determining the Applicable Tax Laws in Nigeria: Resolving the Dilemma For FIRS and Taxpayers." Journal of African Law 56, no. 1 (February 13, 2012): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855311000258.
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AbstractThe recent law revision exercise and tax reform in Nigeria have unwittingly introduced a measure of confusion into determining the applicable tax statute(s). The problem is so bad that, if the opinion of three different experts were sought on the same issue, it is possible that they would purport to be referring to the same law yet cite different sections of different laws. The thrust of this article is to disentangle the associated issues for the proper guidance of taxpayers and the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). The article posits that the continued use of the Laws of Federation of Nigeria 1990 by FIRS is most inappropriate and illegal, and may open any assessment performed under them to legal challenge. The article advocates for a re-enactment of the Companies Income Tax Act.
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Oladele, Rotimi, Foluso Olugbenga Aribaba, Abdul-Lateef Olamide Ahmodu, Saliu Adeshina Yusuff, and Muyiwa Alade. "Tax Enforcement Tools and Tax Compliance in Ondo State, Nigeria." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of tax enforcement tools as panacea for improving tax compliance and overall tax income in the Ondo State, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted using primary data sourced through administration of structured questionnaire on 150 selected respondents from among staff of Federal Inland Revenue Service and State Board of Internal Revenue Service within the state. The Taro Yamane formula and judgment sampling technique were used to arrive at the sampled respondents. Outcome of Ordinary Least Square regression analysis showed regression coefficient and p-value of tax-audit (0.278; p=0.03<0.05) and tax penalty (0.463; p=0.000<0.05) respectively, indicating a positive and significant relationship of the two explanatory variables with tax compliance at .05 level of significance. The Implication is that a marginal increase in tax audit and tax penalty will lead to increase in tax compliance in Ondo State. No meaningful association exists between tax amnesty and tax compliance based on the finding of this study perhaps tax amnesty is a new policy that was just launched to encourage voluntary tax compliance. As such, it is imperative that tax audit and imposition of tax penalties be encouraged and sustained. These are envisaged to further improve the degree of tax compliance, consequently enhancing government tax revenue generation to augment dwindling oil revenue in Nigeria. As regards relatively new and still under watch tax amnesty, it may turn out to be a veritable tool for voluntary compliance in future if properly nursed.
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JIMOH, Lukuman Adewale, and Samuel Kayode ADEKUNLE. "An Assessment of Methods of Tax Fraud among the Taxpayers in South West Nigeria." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v11n11.001.
Full textAbstract:
Raising revenue through taxes is one of the most difficult issues confronting governments in developing countries, particularly in south-west Nigeria. This has been exacerbated by the continued failure to investigate the various methods used by taxpayers to commit tax fraud. Hence, this study assessed the methods of tax fraud among the taxpayers in south west Nigeria. The population of the study comprised 504,263 taxpayers registered with the Federal Inland Revenue Service in South West Nigeria. The sample size was 400. The data collected was descriptively analysed. The study concluded that the level at which the taxpayers employed undue income reduction to engage in tax fraud, expense reclassification to raise costs, and keeping financial records for different purposes, in south-west Nigeria were on the high side. The study recommended that the government take very seriously the factors that encourage taxpayers to engage in tax fraud, which reduces their income illegally, and that taxpayers who reclassify expenses to reduce the amount of tax owed to the government should be punished accordingly.
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MICHAEL GODKNOWS, Dr OPORIOPO. "A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF STAMP DUTY AS A CATALYST FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION HUMANITIES AND COMMERCE 05, no. 02 (2024): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijrehc.2024.5209.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study is to examine the effective and efficient assessment and collection of stamp duty tax in Nigeria. Stamp duty tax is a tax imposed on both written and electronic instrument such as conveyance on sale, admission, bill of exchange, bill of lading, receipt, apprenticeship, charter party, hire purchase, contract note, promisory note, marketable securities etc. Recently, the Finance Act 2020 expanded the scope of stamp duty to include Electronic Money Transfer Levy (EMTL) for every bank deposit up to the tune of N10,000 and above for N50 charge (one off). The mode of assessment of stamp duty is either a fixed flat rate or alvalorem basis on the instrument. The relevant tax authority for the assessment and collection of stamp duty tax in Nigeria are the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and State Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The inherent challenges of stamp duty are the acceptance of fake stamp duty instrument without verification and lack of awareness by taxpayers among others. The recommendation is continuous enlightenment of taxpayers on the existence and inport of stamp duty tax as well as the review and simplification of the stamp duty Act 2004 to reflect current economic realities.
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Anastasia U., Mbah,, Uche Boniface Ugwuanyi, and Oshim Judethadeus Chukwuebuka. "Effect of Treasury Single Account (TSA) on Tax Revenue Collected in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, no. 19 (August 22, 2023): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i191080.
Full textAbstract:
The study examined the effect of Treasury Single Account (TSA) on tax revenue collected in Nigeria. Company income tax, value added tax, and petroleum profit tax formed the dependent variables of the study. The study adopted an ex-post-facto research design, covering the period between 2011 and 2019. Secondary data were extracted from the Federal Inland Revenue Service website. Paired Sample T-test technique was used for the data analysis. In line with the specific objectives of the study which was to ascertain the effect treasury single account implementation on company income tax, value added tax, and petroleum profit tax revenue collected in Nigeria, it was revealed that TSA has a positive and significant effect on company income tax and value added tax revenue collected in Nigeria. TSA has a negative and insignificant effect on petroleum profit tax in Nigeria. This implies that TSA implementation has increased company income tax and value added tax collected in Nigeria. It is recommended therefore that the continuous use of TSA should be guaranteed by the government. This is because it led to an increase in company income tax collection in Nigeria. Every factor that works against its continued existence should be subdued. They should ensure that tax authorities continue to comply with TSA rules in remittance of value added tax collected to the consolidated revenue fund. They should ensure that Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and other oil and gas regulating authorities comply fully to the dictates of TSA.
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Charles, Silva Opuala, and Jonah O. Orji. "Fiscal Policy Option for Abatement of Free Rider Society: The Role of Institutional Quality in Nigeria." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 3 (May 5, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2023-0016.
Full textAbstract:
The government revenue downward trend across the globe has a serious implication on provision of public good. And the consequences of free riding manifested by tax evasion impedes social progress. In this study, we examined the Fiscal Policy Option for Abatement of Free Rider Society: The Role of Institutional Quality with special focus on Nigerian economy. We deployed Quantile Regression Technique to assess the median impact of free-riding using government expenditure on economic and social services; comprised of: defense, health, road and construction, and education. Our finding shows that expenditure on defense reduces free riding when strategically managed but encourages free riding in the long run. Same result is shown with the government expenditure on health. Whereas, expenditure on education as well as road and construction discourages free riding. Also, the moderating role of institutional quality specifically, control of corruption decreases free riding and improve tax revenue generation. Growth of free riders in any society which comes in the form of tax evasion is effectively controlled by expenditure techniques of government guided by quality of institutions. The study recommended that: A special purpose vehicle from Federal Inland Revenue Service should be created as a ‘fiscal control unit’, to monitor electronic cash registers to be connected in hospitals, public schools and social services related departments in order to curb tax leakages due to free riders. Also, government should strengthen the campaign in favour of control of corruption as well as building strong institutions; rather than building strong private individuals who posed as sacred cow in punishment for tax evasion.
Received: 29 February 2023 / Accepted: 23 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023