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Makarynska, A., and N. Vorona. "OPTIMIZATION OF FEED COMPOSITION FOR TURKEYS." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 19, no. 4 (February 7, 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v19i4.1592.
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The article describes that domestic feed products cannot always compete with high quality products of foreign firms. However, the use of imported feed leads to a significant increase in their value and, as a consequence, to an increase in the cost price of the final product. It is established that for the normal development and realization of productivity, turkeys should receive quality and balanced for all indicators of compound feed. Therefore, the task was to develop recipes for turkeys using high quality domestic raw materials. The necessity to determine the complete components characteristics of compound feeds for the finished products production, which meets the requirements of regulatory documents and the consumer, has been proved. There are many indicators and factors that are not taken into account when calculating recipes, but significantly affect the compound feed quality. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys aged 1…4 weeks, 5…13 weeks, 14…17 weeks, 18…30 weeks and over 31 weeks using the “Korm Optima Expert” software complex. The program incorporates the principle of calculating recipes at minimum cost, taking into account the restrictions on the input of each component and the nutrition of the finished product using linear programming by formulas. The expediency of replacing soybean meal in poultry feed due to its high cost for cheaper protein components is substantiated. In order to reduce the cost of compound feed, we have proposed the optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for replacement soybean meal in feed recipes. On the basis of the developed recipes of compound feeds for heavy type turkeys we calculated similar recipes of compound feeds with replacement of soybean meal for PFA in their composition according to the norms of its introduction The quality indicators of finished products are in compliance with the minimum nutritional requirements of compound feeds for heavy type turkeys of a given age. The cost of compound feeds with PFA is much lower than similar with soybean meal. We determined the annual feed consumption of turkeys by growing periods based on the daily feed intake and the duration of each fattening period.
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Iegorov, В., A. Makarynska, and N. Vorona. "QUALITY EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE AND TURKEY COMPOUND FEED." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 20, no. 3 (October 21, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v20i3.1848.
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The article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.
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Ezekiel, M. O., M. M. Salaudeen, O. M. Esan, I. A. Uzoalu, and C. L. Igwe. "Fatty acid composition of fish feeds vended in Lagos state, Nigeria." Journal of Aquatic Sciences 36, no. 2 (June 13, 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jas.v36i2.14.
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Fatty acid compositions of the lipids extracted from various fish feeds (Eco-float, Blue-crown, Uncle - frances, Triton, Stretting, Crown, Jik, Shaldac, Solace, Coppens, Vital, Local sinking, Local feed, Aqualis and Local floating) vended in Lagos State were determined. These feeds were designated as Feeds A to O respectively. Feed samples were procured from major fish feed markets and fish farms within Lagos metropolis and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Methylation was carried out after oil extraction to convert the fats to their methyl esters and the fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) were separated by gas chromatography. Fatty acids were analysed using a HP Agilent 5890 system gas chromatograph equipped with SP-2330 and a flame ionization detector (FID). Results revealed that the highest values for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA) and ∑n-3 unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) were 58.26% in feed F, 38.7% in feed M and 3.59% in feed N respectively while the lowest values for PUFA (19.76%) and SFA (15.53%) were recorded in feeds M and J respectively. The results also showed that, though feed samples were high in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (55- 22%) and PUFA (58-19%), they were low in n-3 HUFA {eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA, 22:6n-3)} with the values of 0.3-3%. The shortfall in EPA and DHA of these feeds may imply that fish fed these feeds may be nutritionally deficient in these fatty acid compositions. Thus, further manipulation may be needed to improve the value of these feeds in terms of EPA and DHA.
Keywords: Fish feeds, n-3 HUFA, n-6 HUFA, Nutritional quality, aquaculture
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Kalyuzhnaya, T. V., and D. A. Orlova. "ANALYSIS OF THE CATIONIC-ANIONIC COMPOSITION OF FEED." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 3 (October 14, 2022): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.3.106.
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When compiling diets for productive animals, one of the indicators taken into account is the cationanion balance, which is calculated based on the content of sodium and potassium cations and sulfate and chloride anions. The cationic-anionic composition of feed is very diverse. The lack or excess of one or another cation or anion in feed can lead to disruption of metabolic processes and various diseases of non-infectious etiology.The aim of the work was to quantify and analyze the cationanion composition of feed for productive animals by capillary electrophoresis.The research was carried out in the conditions of the educational and research center for the examination of food and animal feed of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. 76 samples of various feeds for productive animals were used as research materials: 19 samples of grass flour, cake, mixed feeds for cattle.The study of the cationic composition of the studied feed samples was carried out, guided by the methodology M 04-65-2010 «Feed, compound feed and raw materials for their production. The method of measuring the mass fraction of ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium cations by capillary electrophoresis using the capillary electrophoresis system «Kapel», and anionic composition – according to the method M 04 -73-2011 «Feed, compound feed and raw materials for their production. The method of measuring the mass fraction of water-soluble forms of chloride, sulfate, nitrate and phosphate ions by capillary electrophoresis using the capillary electrophoresis system «Kapel» (GC «LUMEX»).Thus, analyzing the results obtained, it was found that in all samples of feed for productive animals, the mass fraction of cations and anions varied depending on the type of cation or anion and feed.Determination of the cationic-anionic composition of feed is a necessary condition for the formation of a full-fledged diet that provides the body of productive animals with nutrients, which is especially important in modern conditions of intensification of animal husbandry and agricultural development.
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Wankat, Phillip C., and David P. Kessler. "Two-feed distillation. Same-composition feeds with different enthalpies." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 32, no. 12 (December 1993): 3061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00024a015.
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Kyriazakis, I., and G. C. Emmans. "The immediate effects of abrupt diet composition changes in young pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 64, no. 3 (November 1990): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900065.
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Forty pigs (twenty males and twenty females) were weaned at 4 weeks of age into individual cages, and their weights and feed intakes measured daily. From weaning to 16 kg live weight they were given free access to a feed with either 134 (L) or 278 (H) g crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25)/kg fresh weight. During this period pigs on feed L grew at a slower rate and converted feed less efficiently than pigs on feed H. At 16 kg live weight they were introduced to a 6 d period of feeding when, on succesive days, they were given feeds L, H, L, H, L and H (if previously fed on L) or feeds H, L, H, L, H and L (if previously fed on H). For pigs previously given access to feed L the live-weight gain was 1061 v. 575 g/d on the days when H or L was given; the feed intake was 1078 v. 1027 g/d respectively. For pigs previously given access to feed H, the live-weight gain was 655 v. 610 g/d and the feed intake 844 v. 1071 g/d on the days when H or L were given. The interactions between the feed given previously and the feed given for the 3 d of the subsequent 6 d period were highly significant for both live-weight and feed intake. These rapid changes in feed intake and growth rate suggest that the metabolism of young pigs is extremely flexible, with a rapid rate of response to a change in the protein content of their feed.
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Miralimova, Aziza Isamutdinovna, Pulatxo’ja Tursunxodjaev, and Ulug’bek Narbayevich Baltabayev. "Development Of Compound Feed Recipes In The Composition Local Raw Materials." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue01-05.
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The object of research is the development of compound feed recipes from local oilseeds grown in Uzbekistan. The purpose of this study is to correctly compile a feed recipe, determine the quality and protein content of feed and digestibility use rich protein nutritional value in feeding farm animals for fattened cattle to produce a batch of feed. The conditions for obtaining high-quality feed food for wide use in industrial feed production are defined.
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Rahmawati, F., and E. Rianto. "Body Composition of Lambs and Rams Fed Complete Feed." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 119 (February 2018): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/119/1/012048.
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Alderman, G. "IFI tables of feed composition." Animal Feed Science and Technology 15, no. 4 (September 1986): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(86)90083-0.
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Kabir, Md Alamgir, Mohammad Shamsur Rahman, Anwar Hossain, and Shankar Chandra Mandal. "Proximate composition and microbial quality of three imported aquarium fish feeds in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 42, no. 2 (May 14, 2015): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v42i2.23371.
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Proximate composition and microbial quality of three aquarium fish feeds commonly found in Bangladesh were collected from fish feed market of Dhaka city. Significantly higher moisture content (2.12 ± 0.06%) was found in Super NovaTM fish feed while similar moisture content was detected in other two feeds (p<0.05). On the other hand ash content detected in OptimumTM and Osaka 2000TM aquarium fish feed was significantly higher than that of Super NovaTM (10.67±0.19%) (p<0.05).Protein content found in OptimumTM (42.21 ± 0.12%) was significantly higher than that of Osaka 2000TM and Super NovaTM (p<0.05). However, similar lipid content was found in OptimumTM (1.06 ± 0.03%) and Super NovaTM (1.13 ± 0.01%) aquarium fish feed which were significantly higher than that of Osaka 2000TM (p<0.05). The Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were found in all feeds. However Vibrio sp was not found in any feed. Total bacterial count was significantly higher in Osaka 2000TM feed than that of others (P<0.05). However S. aureus was significantly higher in Super NovaTM than that of others while E. coli count was significantly higher in OptimumTM fish feed than that of others (p<0.05). Nutritional quality of the aquarium fish feed was qualified to some extent to meet the minimum requirement of the aquarium fish while microbial quality indicates some degrees of deterioration which may cause diseases of the aquarium fishes. Thus proper storage condition, hygienic handling and processing should be maintained to prevent the microbial contamination in aquarium fish feeds. There should be a monitoring cell from the government to assess the quality of this expensive imported feeds for aquarist.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(2): 283-294, 2014
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Mgbeahuruike, Anthony Christian, Toochukwu Eleazar Ejiofor, Michael Ushie Ashang, Chiamaka Ojiako, Christian C. Obasi, Chuka Ezema, Obianuju Okoroafor, Mulunda Mwanza, Magnus Karlsson, and Kennedy F. Chah. "Reduction of the Adverse Impacts of Fungal Mycotoxin on Proximate Composition of Feed and Growth Performance in Broilers by Combined Adsorbents." Toxins 13, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060430.
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Synergistic interaction of adsorbents in reducing the adverse impacts of mycotoxin on performance and proximate composition of broiler feeds was investigated. Fungal growth was induced by sprinkling water on the feed. S. cerevisiae + bentonite, kaolin + bentonite or S. cerevisiea + kaolin adsorbent combinations (1.5 g/kg feed) were added and the feeds were stored in black polythene bags. An untreated group was kept as a positive control while fresh uncontaminated feed was used as a negative control. Mycotoxins were extracted from the feeds and quantified using reverse phase HPLC. Proximate composition, nutrient digestibility of the feeds, feed intake and weight gain of the broilers were measured. Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the contaminated/untreated feed was 347 µg/kg while aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was 34 µg/kg. Addition of bentonite and kaolin in the contaminated feed reduced AFB1 and DON to significantly lower levels. Feed intake and weight gain were low in the broilers fed the contaminated feed. The carbohydrate level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from 62.31 to 40.10%, crude protein digestibility dropped from 80.67 to 49.03% in the fresh feed and contaminated feed respectively. Addition of the adsorbents (S. cerevisiae and bentonite) significantly (p < 0.05) improved these parameters.
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Varvikko, T. "Microbially corrected amino acid composition of rumen-undegraded feed protein and amino acid degradability in the rumen of feeds enclosed in nylon bags." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860093.
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1. In the previous work (Varvikko & Lindberg, 1985), 15N-labelled rapeseed (Brassica napus), barley, ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and barley straw were incubated in the rumen in nylon bags for 5, 12 and 24 h and microbial nitrogen in the residues was quantified using the feed 15N-dilution method. In the present study, residual amino acids (AA) of these feeds were analysed, and microbially corrected AA of feed origin (feed AA) were estimated as the difference between total residual AA and respective microbial AA, assuming a constant AA composition for the microbial protein.2. In barley and barley-straw residues, and also in ryegrass incubated in the rumen for 24 h, very large enrich- ment by microbial N and AA-N was found. The microbial enrichment was rather small in rapeseed residues and ryegrass incubated for 5 or 12 h. During the rumen incubation, feed N and AA-N (g/kg feed dry matter (DM)) decreased very clearly in all the feeds, and feed and incubation time effects were always statistically significant (P < 0.001).3. The slow degradation of essential (E) feed AA compared with the respective non-essential (NE) AA degradation increased the proportion of feed EAA (g/kg determined feed AA) in barley and barley-straw residues. In rapeseed and ryegrass, residual feed EAA: NEAA remained very similar to the original. Branched-chain (Br) AA tended to increase proportionally in all the feed residues, suggesting these AA to be, on average, more resistant against microbial degradation in the rumen than other AA. Similarly, lysine was clearly increased in barley residues. A rumen degradation faster than the average rate caused decreased residual feed glutamic acid in rapeseed; methionine, alanine and glycine in barley; arginine and alanine in ryegrass; and methionine, asparagine and tyrosine in barley straw. Feed and incubation time effects were significant (P < 0.054–001) for feed AA (g/kg determined feed AA) grouped as EAA, BrAA or NEAA, and for most individual AA, as well as for feed AA disappearance (%) and relative amounts (%) of feed AA in the respective residual AA.4. According to present findings, AA composition of the rumen-undegraded vegetable feed residues may markedly differ, either quantitatively or qualitatively (or both), from their original AA composition. When determining the feed AA composition of nylon-bag residues, the microbial error may be very large with starchy or fibrous feeds of low protein content. The microbial AA do not, however, considerably confuse the AA determination of protein-rich feeds.
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Braglia, Luca, Laura Morello, Floriana Gavazzi, Silvia Gianì, Francesco Mastromauro, Diego Breviario, Hélia Guerra Cardoso, Vera Valadas, and Maria Doroteia Campos. "Interlaboratory Comparison of Methods Determining the Botanical Composition of Animal Feed." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0150.
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Abstract A consortium of European enterprises and research institutions has been engaged in the Feed-Code Project with the aim of addressing the requirements stated in European Union Regulation No. 767/2009, concerning market placement and use of feed of known and ascertained botanical composition. Accordingly, an interlaboratory trial was set up to compare the performance of different assays based either on optical microscope or DNA analysis for the qualitative and quantitative identification of the composition of compound animal feeds. A tubulin-based polymorphism method, on which the Feed-Code platform was developed, provided the most accurate results. The present study highlights the need for the performance of ring trials for the determination of the botanical composition of animal feeds and raises an alarm on the actual status of analytical inaccuracy.
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Somanjaya, R., O. Imanudin, S. M. Turohman, A. M. Fuah, S. Rahayu, L. Abdullah, and M. A. Setiadi. "In vitro Gas Production of Sorghum-Indigofera Forage-Based Complete Feed for Ruminants." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1020, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1020/1/012011.
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Abstract Making a palatable complete feed formulation has a good effect on ruminant productivity, and eco-friendly feed is a solution step in sustainable livestock production. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera on the in-vitro of gas production and nutrient digestibility value. Three feed compositions consisting of forage silage of sorghum, Indigofera hay, and rice bran were mixed as SI feed and field grass (FG) as control. All the experimental feeds were replicated five times, then gas production and nutrient digestibility were tested in in-vitro. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the complete feed composition SI2 and SI3 lower N-NH3 (p<0.05) than SI1 and FG. Meanwhile, the VFA content increased (p<0.05) along with the Indigofera hay. The value of pH and the number of gas production from the feed did not differ. All SI complete feed compositions had better nutrient digestibility values (p<0.05) than FG. It can be concluded that complete feed based on forage sorghum-Indigofera is an eco-friendly feed because it can reduce N-NH3 gas and total gas production without reducing the digestibility value of feed nutrients.
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Emmans, G. C. "Growth, body composition and feed intake." World's Poultry Science Journal 43, no. 3 (October 1, 1987): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps19870014.
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Forbes, J. M. "Prediction of voluntary feed intake from feed analysis." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1987): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034826.
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It is axiomatic that the amount of feed eaten by any animal depends on both animal and feed factors. Although there have been a great many investigations of variations of the composition of the diet on feed intake, most of the equations which are available for the prediction of intake rely on animal factors such as live weight and milk yield and on the weight of supplementary feed offered but not its composition. Were it a simple matter to use proximate analysis of forages and concentrates to predict intake then presumably more progress would have been made. The intention of this paper is to point to what achievements have been made and to highlight areas in which further research is required.
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Onyagbodor, O. P., and J. O. Oyedeji. "Quality assessment of some commercially produced animal feeds and two native forages in southern Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 19, no. 1 (June 12, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v19i1.4.
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Samples of broiler starter feed, grower mash, broiler finisher feed and layers mash were collected from three commercial feed manufacturers and were coded commercial feed A (CFA), commercial feed B (CFB) and commercial feed C (CFC). The proximate compositions of the feed samples were determined using the methods of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Forage samples of Andropogon gayanus and Panicum maximum at young growth stage were also collected from two locations, Ado-Ekiti and Port Harcourt (PH). The proximate composition for broiler starter feed was 8.2% DM, 19.9%CP, 3.2% crude fat, 4.2% crude fibre, 10.3% ash, and 2893.8kcal/kg ME. Growers mash had 8.2% DM, 15.1% CP, 2.0 % crude fat, 5.3% crude fibre, 14.0% ash and 2663.3kcal/kg energy. The results of A. gayanus from Ado-Ekiti was 11.46% DM, 9.16% CP, 0.89 fat, 32.18% crude fibre, 8.07% ash, and 1103.6kcal/kg energy, while P. maximum had 16.37% DM, 11.50%CP, 1.21% crude fat, 32.65% crude fibre 8.78% ash and 1215.4kcal/kg energy. Proximate composition of A. gayanus from PH was 10.38% DM, 10.823% CP, 0.883% crude fat, 30.803% crude fibre, 8.807% ash, and 1176.382kcal/kg energy. The results of the poultry feeds revealed little variation from what the labels state. Panicum maximum showed more promise than A. gayanus. Results of the proximate analysis of the poultry feed and forages examined in this study suggest that the commercial feed producers largely maintain the required nutritive contents of the feed types they produce, and the forages hold quality promise as feed resource for ruminants and forage reserve consideration. It is therefore, recommended that regular monitoring and screening of feed and feed resources should be done and sustained to ensure the safety and quality of animal feed.
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Mustapha, Moshood Keke, Bolarinwa Faith Akinware, Charles A. Faseyi, and Aminat Ajoke Alade. "Comparative effect of local and foreign commercial feeds on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles." Journal of Fisheries 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v2i2.2014.25.
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Growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed with a local feed and coppens commercial feed were observed for 16 weeks at the laboratory of the Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The proximate compositions and economics of the feeds and the water quality of the cultured tanks were assessed. Fish fed with coppens showed significant (P<0.05) higher weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and low food conversion ratio than fish fed with local feed. Significant (P<0.05) higher mortality were recorded in fish fed with the local feed. The growth performance was a reflection of the proximate composition of the feeds with local feed having low crude protein (10.95%), lipid (3.95%) and ash (4.92%) when compared to coppens which had 42% crude protein, 12% lipid and 9.5% ash with protein being most significant. Carbohydrate (69.90%) and crude fiber (2.88%) were higher in the local feed than in coppens with an imbalance in carbohydrate and lipid ratio. Mortality was attributed to stress resulting from the poor quality of the feed. Cost of feeding with local feed to a weight gain of 31.67g was ₦80, while the cost of feeding with coppens to a weight gain of 148.58g was ₦16.
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Mustapha, Moshood Keke, Bolarinwa Faith Akinware, Charles A. Faseyi, and Aminat Ajoke Alade. "Comparative effect of local and foreign commercial feeds on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles." Journal of Fisheries 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.76.
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Growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed with a local feed and coppens commercial feed were observed for 16 weeks at the laboratory of the Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The proximate compositions and economics of the feeds and water quality of the cultured tanks were assessed. Fish fed with coppens showed significant (P<0.05) higher weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and low food conversion ratio than fish fed with local feed. Significant (P<0.05) higher mortality were recorded in fish fed with the local feed. The growth performance was a reflection of the proximate composition of the feeds with local feed having low crude protein (10.95%), lipid (3.95%) and ash (4.92%) when compared to coppens which had 42% crude protein, 12% lipid and 9.5% ash with protein being most significant. Carbohydrate (69.90%) and crude fiber (2.88%) were higher in the local feed than in coppens with an imbalance in carbohydrate and lipid ratio. Mortality was attributed to stress resulting from the poor quality of the feed. Cost of feeding with local feed to a weight gain of 31.67g was ₦80, while the cost of feeding with coppens to a weight gain of 148.58g was ₦16.
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Santoso, U., Y. Fenita, K. Kususiyah, and A. Agustian. "Effect of turmeric and garlic supplementation to fermented Sauropus androgynus-bay leaves containing diet on fat deposition and broiler meat composition." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 45, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.45.2.91-102.
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This study aimed to examine the effect of turmeric and garlic inclusion to fermented Sauropus androgynus-bay leaves (FSBL) containing diet on fat deposition, and chemical composition of broiler meats. Two hundred 15-day-old female broilers were distributed into 5 treatment groups with 4 replications as follows. Control feeds with commercial feed additive (T0); Feeds with 1.25% FSBL (T1); Feed with FSBL plus 1 g turmeric (T2); Feed with FSBL plus 2 g garlic (T3); Feed with FSBL plus 1 g of turmeric and 2 g garlic (T4). It was shown that the fat deposition in the abdomen was significantly affected (P<0.01). Furthermore, the inclusion of turmeric and garlic to FSBL containing diet did not affect fat, protein, moisture and ash contents, but increased arginine, methionine and histidine (P<0.01). The addition of turmeric and/or garlic to the FSBL containing diet significantly influenced lauric acid, myristic acid, linolenic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid, cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (P<0.05), n-3 fatty acid and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio (P<0.01). In conclusion, turmeric plus garlic supplementation improved amino acid profiles and changed fatty acid profiles. The possible interaction should be considered when we formulated feed additive from medicinal plant mixtures
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Ostroumova, I. N., A. A. Lyutikov, V. V. Kostyunichev, A. K. Shumilina, and M. M. Vylka. "Replacement of fishmeal for protein components of microbial, animal and plant origin in feed for two-year-old whitefish (Coregonidae)." Trudy VNIRO 190 (December 28, 2022): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2022-190-105-115.
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The purpose of the work: To determine the possibility of replacing fishmeal with other protein components in the composition of feed for two-year-old whitefishes.Methods used: whitefish were grown in cages on experimental, control and imported feeds during the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020.The growth rate of fish and the physiological state of the liver index, blood parameters, total fat and vitamin C content in the body and liver were studied.Novelty: the use of new domestic protein components in feed for whitefishes — microbial protein concentrate (bacterial biomass on natural gas), Agro-Matike (a mixture of legume components with meat flour — processed products of poultry farms), Protefid (soy concentrate).Results: Two-year-old whitefish fed feed with the replacement of 30–50% of fishmeal with the indicated protein components did not differ in growth rate from the growth rate of fish reared on control feeds without of fishmeal substitutes, but lagged behind in growth from fish fed on imported feed. With an increase in the composition of experimental feeds of fish oil from 14–16 to 20–22%, the final weight of whitefish reached the weight of fish on the Finnish feed. The physiological state of fish on all variants of feed did not deviate from the norm.Practical significance: the mastered production of Agro-Matik, Protefid and the possibility of increasing the production of microbial protein concentrate make it possible to use them as substitutes for fishmeal in the composition of complete feeds for industrial fish farming.
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Yang, Xufei, Yaowapa Lorjaroenphon, Hong Li, Keith R. Cadwallader, Xinlei Wang, and Yuanhui Zhang. "Quantification of Odorants in Animal Feeds at Commercial Swine and Poultry Operations." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2 (2018): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12611.
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Abstract. Odorants in animal feeds may come from various processes, such as fermentation and decay of feed ingredients, contamination by fecal materials, and sorption of volatiles in the air of animal houses. Those odorants may affect feed flavor and may serve as indicators of feed quality. The objective of this study was to examine the composition and concentration of odorants in animal feeds and to explore the variability of those odorants with animal operation type and season. Thirty-seven feed samples were collected from 14 swine and poultry operations in the U.S. Midwest and were submitted for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of 55 organic odorants were quantitated, including fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Those compounds together accounted for 0.46% ±0.20% of fresh feed mass, with the highest percentage (0.54% ±0.19%) found at layer hen houses and the lowest percentage (0.38% ±0.14%) at swine farrowing houses. Acetic acid and ethanol were most abundant, accounting for 0.22% ±0.13% and 0.13% ±0.07% of fresh feed mass, respectively. Fecal indicators, including indole and skatole, were <5 ppm by mass. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the variability in odorant composition was largely ascribed to two loading factors that were dominated by acetic acid and ethanol, respectively. The odorant composition of feed samples showed no significant effect by animal operation type, while a gradual seasonal change was noted. This study is expected to improve the understanding of the causes of odorants in animal feeds and their implications for animal health and production performance. Keywords: Animal feed, Animal operation, GC-MS, Odorant, Principal component analysis.
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NP, Hannanasrin, and B. Karpagam. "Proximate Composition of Oreochromis mossambicus Fed with Different Concentrations of Fish Waste." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 5, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/03.
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An investigation was carried out to study the proximate composition of Oreochromis mossambicus fed with different concentrations of fish waste. Four experimental feeds were prepared by replacing the constituents of control feed at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 gm /100 gm respectively as treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4. On the 45th day after treatment biochemical parameters such as moisture, Protein, carbohydrate, fat and ash content were observed. The data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).The fishes fed with T4 feed showed significantly higher moisture, protein and ash content when compared to control. And the fishes fed with T4 feed showed a minimum carbohydrate content.The formulation of fish feed using fish waste will provide new opportunities in aquaculture industries. Keywords: Proximate composition, Oreochromis mossambicus, Biochemical parameters, Fish waste
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Müller, S., W. Reichardt, H. Hartung, and B. Eckert. "Analyse der Fettsäurenzusammensetzung des Rohfettes von Prüffutter für Schweine (Kurzmitteilung)." Archives Animal Breeding 46, no. 3 (October 10, 2003): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-46-273-2003.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the raw fat from the feed of pigs which are examined to her performance (short communication) The raw fat of 14 examining feeds from 13 German performance testing centres for pigs was extracted 2001 and analysed for the fatty acid composition by means of gas chromatography. Besides a great variation of the raw fat content (s % = 42) was to state that with 14.4 g/kg feed on average the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was high. Examinations of the raw fat of wheat, rye and barley showed that the high proportions in linoleic and linolenic acid are brought in the fattening rations primarily by the cereal components. A limitation of the PUFA proportions below 15 g/kg feed therefore doesn't seem to be practicable in the examining feed of performance testing centres for pigs. The additional variation in the fatty acid composition of examining feeds caused by added fats or oils should however be limited according to a better standardization.
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McCann, M. E. E., K. J. McCracken, and R. E. Agnew. "The use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the prediction of the digestible energy content of barley for growing pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013120.
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It is not possible to carry out in vivo pig digestibility studies on each feed or feed ingredient therefore there is a need for a rapid means of predicting the digestible energy content of a feed or feed ingredient. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is an extremely rapid technique and has been used to predict chemical composition and nutritive value for a wide range of feeds and feed ingredients (Leeson et al 2000). In the literature, some workers have reported that NIRS has a high degree of accuracy for determining chemical composition and nutritive value while others have reported a lower degree of accuracy. The aim of the current study was to examine the value of NIRS in predicting the digestible energy (DE) content of barley from which pig diets were formulated.
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Cropper, M. R., D. P. Poppi, and A. M. Nicol. "Growth of lambs given different allowances of digestible crude protein and metabolisable energy." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022844.
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In a market where high levels of fat on lamb carcases are not favoured, the supposition that a lamb, given adequate feeding, will grow protein preferentially to gaining lipid, holds interest. However, this idea runs counter to the evidence that body composition is not manipulable in sheep. Therefore, an experiment was undertaken to implement extreme treatments of protein and energy supply to determine to what extent the contrasting views on body composition changes in growing lambs are justified.Seventy-two Coopworth ram lambs (mean liveweight, (LW) 30.4, s.d. 1.1 kg) were given one of the three feeds of different digestible crude protein (DCP) content at one of three allowances (ad libitum (AL), 1.2 (H) or 0.8 (L) kg/day). The feeds (H, M and L) were formulated as shown in Table 1. Feed M was a mixture of 0.55 Feed H and 0.45 Feed M. The proximate composition, measured DCP and estimated metabolisable energy (ME) content of the feeds is given in Table 1. ALH and ALM lambs were also choice-fed with ad libitum access to feed L. 8 lambs at the start of the experiment and 4 lambs per treatment at 6 and 12 weeks were slaughtered for analysis of body protein (PR), lipid (LP) and wool protein (WP).
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Zou, Jianmin, Chao Song, Shunlong Meng, Gengdong Hu, Liping Qiu, Limin Fan, and Jiazhang Chen. "Effects of feed on fatty acid composition in muscles and gonads of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0029.
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Abstract In this study, the effects of different feeds on fatty acid composition in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were investigated. The fatty acid composition in the Chinese mitten crab was significantly correlated with the type of feed source provided. Differences between the feed groups pertained mainly five fatty acids: oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The content of EPA and DHA was higher in the group of frozen trash fish than in the group of formulated feed. On the other hand, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid was higher in the formulated feed group than in the frozen trash fish group. There were significant differences in the nutritional value of the Chinese mitten crab reared under different feed sources, i.e. Chinese mitten crabs reared with the frozen trash fish feed were larger than those reared with the formulated feed, especially as regards the ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratio and essential fatty acid levels.
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Patil, Vishal, Radha Gupta, Rajendran D, and Ravinder Singh Kuntal. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FEED FORMULATION SOFTWARE- A SHORT REVIEW." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RAST (April 30, 2017): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4rast.2017.3311.
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The paper highlightsthe different feed formulation software’s for least cost formulation of livestock and animals, where the comparison of techniques is donebased on different aspectslike data collection, software used, price, scope and limitations. Feed formulation requires large amount of data about the composition of feeds, environment conditions,and availability of feeds.Development of Software’sfor feed formulations is changing with change in computer. With advancement of technology, the feed formulation can be calculated for ‘n’ number of feed stuff but still Linear Programming is used as base for mathematical modelling, where uses of non-linear programming is very less. Maximum number of feed formulation software’s is developed to select the feeds for formulation within budget of the farmers or dairy industry.
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Graham, Hadden, Chris Piotrowski, and Robert Van Barneveld. "Taking near infrared spectroscopy beyond feedstuff analysis to enhance animal production profitability." Animal Production Science 53, no. 11 (2013): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13264.
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Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy allows a cheap and rapid estimation of composition, and thus is widely used in the animal feed industry for the quality control and quality assurance of feeds and particularly feed ingredients. However, such analyses are often limited to a few variables not closely related to the nutritive value of the particular feed ingredients, and are often retrospective. This paper discusses recent developments in both hardware and software, which now allow real-time and in-line analysis of feed ingredients and feeds, and how these can be used to save substantial costs in the feed industry worldwide by reducing feed costs and giving more predictable animal performance. We also discuss how laboratory, hand-held and in-line NIR equipment could be widely used in the future for the purchase of feed ingredients and the manufacture of animal feeds.
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Mirilović, Milorad, Vlado Teodorović, Radmila Marković, Aleksandra Aleksić-Agelidis, Branislav Vejnović, Spomenka Đurić, and Dragoljub Jovanović. "ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) FARMING FED WITH DIFFERENT COMPOSITION FEED." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 2 (March 8, 2016): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v8i2.113.
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This paper evaluates the eff ects of two diff erent feeds on production results and economic performance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming. The first group (O-1) was fed with a standard complete pelleted feed, and the second group (O-2) was fed with combined feed consisting of 75 % pellets and 25 % of sardines. Better results were obtained with the O-2 group, while the O-1 group achieved results characteristic for local farming conditions and feed quality. Experimental group O-2 had signifi cantly higher (p<0,01) growth rate when compared to group O-1. Considering current feed and fi nal product (fi sh) prices in the market, better results in terms of cost-eff ectiveness were obtained (E>0,00) in O-2 group of trout fed with the combined meal.
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Hossen, MN, M. Das, KR Sumi, and MT Hasan. "Effect of Storage Time on Fish Feed Stored at Room Temperature and Low Temperature." Progressive Agriculture 22, no. 1-2 (September 25, 2013): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16473.
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An experiment was conducted to determine the changes of nutritive value of different commercial fish feeds stored at room temperature (25-30°C) and low temperature (5-8°C) for a period of two months by taking biweekly sample. Three most popular fish feeds named Mega fish feed, Quality fish feed and Saudi Bangla fish feed used in the Mymensingh region were selected for the purpose. Throughout the study, physical characteristics and proximate composition of three commercial fish feeds were analyzed. There were no change in color, appearance of moderately bad odour, a little bit of soft texture and broken pellets were found in later stages of the experiment but the overall quality was still acceptable. Along with physical characteristics, changes were occurred in case of proximate composition. In Mega, Quality and Saudi Bangla fish feed, crude protein content was reduced in both the storage conditions. Lipid content also exhibited similar reduction due to storage at both the conditions. Whereas moisture content increased a little bit in the case of room temperature storage and decreased when stored in low temperature (5-8°C). No marked changes had been occurred in other proximate composition like ash, and crude fibre. Declining rate of the quality of fish feeds was higher at room temperature (25-30°C) than low temperature (5-8°C) but the overall quality remained acceptable upto two months storage at both the conditions. It is suggested to use the feed within two months after manufacture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16473 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 115-122, 2011
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Mohammed, S. S. D., S. Al-hassan, J. R. Wartu, and A. A. Abdul Rahman. "Occurrence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species in Some Livestock (Poultry) Feeds in Mando, Kaduna, Nigeria." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.2.60.
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The study aimed at assessing the proximate composition, isolation, characterization of some Enterobacteriaceae from two (2) brands of poultry feeds marketed in Mando, Kaduna, Nigeria. A total of sixteen (16) samples of two (2) different poultry feeds (starter and finisher) from four (4) poultry farms in mando were collected and subjected to proximate and microbiological analysis. The proximate analysis was carried out using standard techniques and procedures. All the feed samples were cultured on separate media which include Eosin methylene blue (EMB), nutrient Agar (NA) and Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA) media using standard procedures. The antibiogram of the selected antibiotics was evaluated against the test isolates. The result of proximate analysis of the starter and finisher feeds indicated that the Dry matter of starter feed had the highest percentage composition of 95.02% and crude fiber of the finisher feed had the lowest composition of 3.78%. The highest number of bacterial load was recorded to be 10.0×104 CFU/g for the feed sample A (starter feed) and 12.0x104CFU/g was recorded for the feed sample B (finisher feed) which had the highest number of bacterial load recorded among the two (2) different poultry feeds analyzed. The bacteria isolates were identified as Salmonella species and Escherichia coli. Total viable count (TVC) of Salmonella species and E. coli in the feed samples (starter and finisher) ranges from 3.0×104CFU/g to 12.0×104CFU/g. Both organisms (Salmonella species, E. coli) were found as 37.5% and 25% of the analyzed feeds (Broiler starter and broiler finisher) samples, respectively. There was no level of significant (p>0.05) difference between the level of contamination of Salmonella species and E. coli in the two different feeds analyzed, as p=0.06 and p=0.13 for Salmonella species, and E. coli respectively. Sample A and B (Starter and Finisher) feeds had the highest number of Salmonella species occurrence with six ( 6) positive samples while E. coli was recorded in four (4) samples of A and B (Starter and Finisher) feeds. The result of the antibiogram indicated that ciprofloxacin (30 µg), Gentamycin (30µg), Perfloxacin (30µg) and Tarvid (30µg) was effective against Salmonella species and Escherichia coli. The significant of spread of the species of the Enterobacteriaceae in livestock feeds requires the need for effective quality assurance and control, good hygiene practices in production and proper handling of the poultry feeds.
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Yengkokpam, S., N. P. Sahu, A. K. Pal, D. Debnath, S. Kumar, and K. K. Jain. "Compensatory growth, feed intake and body composition ofLabeo rohitafingerlings following feed deprivation." Aquaculture Nutrition 20, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12056.
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Webster, A. B., D. L. Fletcher, and S. I. Savage. "Feed Withdrawal and Leghorn Hen Carcass Composition." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 7, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/7.3.253.
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Webster, A. B., D. L. Fletcher, and S. I. Savage. "Feed Withdrawal and Leghorn Hen Carcass Composition." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 7, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.
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Zaitseva, T. M., Kh Mimun, N. P. Zaitseva, and E. V. Smidovich. "Determination of optimum composition of coker feed." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 24, no. 10 (October 1988): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00727681.
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Saputra, Fazril, and Yusran Ibrahim. "PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PROBIOTIK YANG BERBEDA PADA PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP RASIO KONVERSI PAKAN DAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN GABUS LOKAL (Channa sp) HASIL DOMESTIKASI." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 8, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v8i1.2976.
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Snakehead fish (Channa sp.) was one of Indonesia's native freshwater commodities that has been successfully domesticated by fish cultivators in Indonesia. However, domesticated snakehead fish cultivation still has obstacles, namely the high value of the feed conversion ratio and the low growth rate of local snakehead fish. Overcoming this problem requires a technology that can optimize the feed conversion ratio and growth rate of domestic snakehead fish. One technology that can be applied is the used of probiotic technology. This study aims to test the provision of different probiotics through feed to optimize the feed conversion ratio and growth rate of domestic snakehead fish. This research was conducted using experimental methods. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The treatments were treatment without probiotics / control (P0), treatment of the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus spp. and Nitrosomonas sp. (P1), treatment of the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P2), treatment of the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus sp., Acetobacter, Rhodobacter sp., Yeast (P3). The results showed that giving different probiotic compositions through feed on the parameters of feed conversion ratio and growth rate did not give results that were not significantly different (P> 0.05) when compared to control, but the highest treatment value was found in the probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Nijhof, M. "Theoretical effects of feed composition, feed conversion and feed spillage on waste discharge in fish culture." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (December 1994): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1994.tb00167.x.
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Saputra, Fazril, Muhammad Agam Thahir, Mahendra Mahendra, Yusran Ibrahim, Muhammad Arif Nasution, and Teuku Reza Efianda. "EFEKTIVITAS KOMPOSISI PROBIOTIK YANG BERBEDA PADA TEKNOLOGI AKUAPONIK UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN DAN KONVERSI PAKAN IKAN GABUS (Channa sp.)." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 7, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v7i1.1952.
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Snakehead (Channa sp.) was one of the superior freshwater fish species native to Indonesia that has been successfully domesticated. The increasing demand for snakehead fish on the market has resulted in the addition of cultivated land and water use. Aquaponics technology was a combination of fish farming and plants that grow without soil media. The aim of this research was to determine the best composition of probiotics that can be used in aquaponic technology to optimize growth rate and feed conversion of snakehead fish (Channa sp.). This research used an experimental method. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with four probiotic combination treatments and each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that awarding of different probiotic compositions in the aquaponic system resulted in a spesific growth rate that was not significantly (P>0.05) different between treatments. The highest value of spesific growth rate were in the treatment of probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a value of 4.11%/ day. Awarding of different probiotic compositions in the aquaponic system results in significantly (P<0.05) different feed conversion ratio values. The best feed conversion ratio values were in the treatment of probiotic composition of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a value of 1.78. The conclusion of this study was the composition of probiotic Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the best probiotic composition to increase the spesific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of snakehead fish.
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Nayeem, Mir Abu, Amir Hossain, Mahidi Hossen Hannan, and Subrata Mondal. "Comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed available in greater Noakhali region, Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v3i1.55921.
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An experiment was carried out to comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed from different feed dealers and industries in greater Noakhali region and to compare the values with those provided by the manufacturers. The feed samples were collected from different feed industries and dealer's shop of these region. Feed samples were collected during 10 August to 5 September, 2016. The collected feed samples were stored and analyzed in the Fish Nutrition Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture in the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh for proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, carbohydrate) following standard methods. Results showed that there was significant variation between analyzed and company provided nutritive values of different feeds. Some feed samples have low moisture level (difference 0.7 to 3.3%). Ash content of the experimental samples also show a variety of results compared to their labeled composition. Only some feed have more values to the company provided values, such as, Mega starter (12.13%) and Bengal grower (12.75) proportion with 12%. Some feed contains more difference range of 6.01% more than labeled values is RP feed (20.01%). Maximum feed samples had lower crude protein (difference 0.05 to 4.65%) than the company provided protein values. However, only crude protein of Bengal finisher (29.95%) and Aftab grower (28.07%) feeds were found to be almost same to the company provided nutritive values (30% and 28%). The lipid, ash and carbohydrates contents of the experimental samples also have a difference range. The highest lipid values are available in Provita starter (9.76%) and lowest values containing feed Setu grower (4.33%). The highest carbohydrates content in the feed Provita starter (36.84%). The findings of this study demonstrated that low quality commercial fish feeds were supplied to the fish farmers by majority of feed companies. Therefore, the study will generate some information to the farmers which will help to choose the best feed for their aquaculture production.
Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 1-14
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Bindukov, S. V., I. V. Burlachenko, Yu A. Baskakova, R. V. Artemov, M. A. Arnautov, Yu A. Novoselova , and V. V. Gershunskaya. "Fish oil replacement with vegetable oils in compound feeds for rainbow trout." Trudy VNIRO 187 (June 21, 2022): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2022-187-138-148.
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The aim of the work was to study the effect of compound feeds with full or partial replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils on the composition of tissues and growth perfomance of rainbow trout. Method of chemical analyses was used for the estimation of nutritional value of the feed. To determine the fatty acid composition of the total lipids of feed and muscle tissue of trout, methyl esters of fatty acids were analyzed on a Crystal 5000.2 chromatograph. To assess the effect of compound feeds on fish, a number of fish-breeding and biological indicators were determined. The novelty of the study is associated with modeling the optimal ratio of fish oil, rapeseed and soybean oils in fish diets. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest growth rates and survival at lower feed costs were found in fish grown on diet without replacing fish oil and diet with a mixture of fish oil, rapeseed and soybean oils in a ratio of 4:6:5. Replacing fish oil with vegetable oils in feed recipes did not adversely affect the chemical composition of fish muscle tissue. Due to the elongation and desaturation processes occurring in the tissues of rainbow trout, the inclusion of rapeseed and soybean oils in the compound feed did not lead to a decrease in the amount of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids. The practical significance of the work lies in obtaining new diets for compound feeds for valuable fish species, providing opportunities for effective cultivation of rainbow trout with specified quality characteristics.
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Fathia, Siti Diana, Soesy Asiah Susilawaty, and Rini Solihat. "The Influence Of The Mixture Feed Kayambang (Salvinia Molesta D. S Mitchell) With Different Compositions To The Growth Of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clariass Spp) Enlargement Age (Grower)." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI DAN SAINS (PENBIOS) 5, no. 01 (May 21, 2020): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51673/penbios.v5i01.189.
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Experimental research aims to determine the influence of mixed feed S. Molesta with different composition on the growth of Clarias Sp. The treatment carried out on this study included 3 different compositions of the S. Molesta flour is treatment A composition of the addition of S. Molesta is different from 20.62 grams (to reach A protein 30%), B treatment of S. Molesta composition given at 13.34 grams (to achieve protein 40%), and the treatment C composition of S. Molesta of 6, 05 gram (to reach protein 50%) and control (feeding factory F782). From the results of the study showed that the influence of artificial feed S. Molesta is best at treatment A and the lowest at the treatment of C. Based on research conducted the average weight increase Clarias SP is in the treatment of A 0.781 grams and the most significant increase in the length of the average in treatment A (30% protein) increased by 0.433 cm. Friedman test results show there is a difference in weight and length Clarias sp which is given the treatment of feed A, B and C and feed the plant (P > 0.05). The conclusion of the study was the influence of the feed mix S. Molesta to Growth Clarias SP age enlargement.
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Idris, S., Rosnah Shamsudin, M. Z. M. Nor, M. N. Mokhtar, and S. S. Abdul Gani. "Physicochemical composition of different parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant." Food Research 4, S1 (February 10, 2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s1).s33.
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrate and it is a useful plant in Malaysia. Its root is used to produce various foods such as cassava chips, while the other parts are potentially to produce feeds and other useful products. However, details observation in the proximate composition of each part of the cassava plant is important in utilizing it as an animal feed, especially for the ruminants. Hence, this research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of each part in the cassava plant and characterized its functional groups using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermal properties using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results obtained showed that the portions of fresh cassava plants namely flesh, stem, peel, discarded tuber and the leaf were recorded at 50.06%, 31.01%, 10.63%, 6.92% and 1.49% (w/w), respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the leaf has potential as animal feed as it contains significant high in crude protein (28.02±0.10%), crude fat (5.63± 0.12%) and the gross energy value of 4824.3 g/cal. Even though the leaf has a higher cyanide content (0.02 mg/kg) than other parts, it is still in acceptable range as an ingredient in animal feed. For animal feed that focuses on high protein and gross energy, the leaf has potential in feed ingredients. Meanwhile, cassava flesh also has potential as an animal feed since it has low crude fiber (2.11±0.03%) but high in carbohydrate (92.66±1.88%) and gross energy content (4223.9 cal/g). FTIR spectra showed that there were different functional groups present in the samples. From the TGA data, it showed that the major components in samples were cellulose which started to decompose rapidly at maximum degradation rate temperature of 315-400°C, especially for flesh and discarded tuber. Different parts of cassava plants are expected to help the agriculture industry in producing alternative animal feed at the same time minimizing the impact of waste generated in the environment.
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Кайсин, Лариса. "THE EFFICIENCY OF USING PEAT AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT IN COMPOUND FEED FOR CHICKENS." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Livestock, no. 2 (45) (May 31, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.2.4.
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In recent years, interest in the use of peat as a feed supplement has increased, particularly due to its capacity to prevent enteric diseases and to stimulate growth in animals and poultries. Peat is an easily available natural material and a source of biologically active substances widely used, not only in agriculture but in human and animal medicine as well. Biological activity of various peat preparations is associated not only with fluctuations in the chemical compositions, but also with different application techniques. experiment was carried out on two groups of poultry under the conditions of a poultry farm in the Republic of Moldova. Its purpose was to determine the use of a feed supplement - peat concentrate as a new unconventional feed ingredient in the composition of mixed feed for laying hens and its influence on their egg production, average weight and category of eggs. The objectives of the study included the study of the chemical composition of the peat supplement and the determination of the effect of peat powder additive on the egg production. The effect of the dosage of the peat preparation in the amount of 1% (experimental group) was studied and the obtained results were compared with the control group, in which the laying hens consumed the basic compound feed. The high concentration of active ingredients and the uniqueness of the components of the peat feed supplement, the adsorbing properties due to the presence of humic acids and lignin in its composition, made it possible to increase the natural immune response in laying hens by increasing the egg production of laying hens by 7.2%; by improving the quality of products such as the average egg weight by 4.72%; egg mass by 12.6%; the height of the egg white by 23.96%; the width of the egg white by 2.14%; and an increase in colour intensity by 0.43 units, while reducing the cost of food.
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Kiseleva, Kristina Valerievna, and Anna Aleksandrovna Kistina. "Influence of «M-Feed» additives in diets on blood indicators of broiler chicken CROSS-308." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (November 17, 2021): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i10pp81-83.
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The article presents materials on the study of the effect of the new feed additive "M-Feed" in broiler chickens' diets on the blood composition. It was found that the use of the feed additive "M-Feed" in the composition of broiler chicken feed at the age of 0 to 30 days in the amount of 250 mg per 100 g of feed, and from 31 to 41 days in the amount of 100 mg / 100 g of compound feed, with the cellular method of growing, improves the blood composition and health of broilers.
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Supramono, Dijan, Adithya Fernando Sitorus, and Mohammad Nasikin. "Synergistic Effect on the Non-Oxygenated Fraction of Bio-Oil in Thermal Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Polypropylene at Low Heating Rate." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010057.
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Biomass pyrolysis and polypropylene (PP) pyrolysis in a stirred tank reactor exhibited different heat transfer phenomena whereby heat transfer in biomass pyrolysis was driven predominantly by heat radiation and PP pyrolysis by heat convection. Therefore, co-pyrolysis could exhibit be expected to display various heat transfer phenomena depending on the feed composition. The objective of the present work was to determine how heat transfer, which was affected by feed composition, affected the yield and composition of the non-polar fraction. Analysis of heat transfer phenomena was based on the existence of two regimes in the previous research in which in regime 1 (the range of PP composition in the feeds is 0–40%), mass ejection from biomass particles occurred without biomass particle swelling, while in regime 2 (the range of PP composition in the feeds is 40–100%), mass ejection was preceded by biomass particle swelling. The co-pyrolysis was carried out in a stirred tank reactor with heating rate of 5 °C/min until 500 °C and using N2 gas as carrier gas. Temperature measurement was applied to pyrolysis fluid at the lower part of the reactor and small biomass spheres of 6 mm diameter to simulate heat transfer to biomass particles. The results indicate that in regime 1 convective and radiative heat transfers sparingly occurred and synergistic effect on the yield of non-oxygenated phase increased with increasing convective heat transfer at increasing %PP in feed. On the other hand, in regime 2, convective heat transfer was predominant with decreasing synergistic effect at increasing %PP in feed. The optimum PP composition in feed to reach maximum synergistic effect was 50%. Non-oxygenated phase portion in the reactor leading to the wax formation acted as donor of methyl and hydrogen radicals in the removal of oxygen to improve synergistic effect. Non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil contained mostly methyl comprising about 53% by mole fraction, while commercial diesel contained mostly methylene comprising about 59% by mole fraction
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Kopp, Radovan, Tomáš Brabec, Jan Mareš, Eliška Maršálková, and Blahoslav Maršálek. "The Utilization of Algae with the Aim to Increase the Fatty Acid Content in Muscle of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 1 (2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967010091.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of feeds with the addition of various algae and cyanobacteria. Common carp (average body mass of 19.6 ± 3.49 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a commercial feed (control group), the same commercial feed with the addition of 10 % of dry green algae of the genus Chlorella (chlorella group), dry biomass of algae from waste water treatment (algae group), and lyophilized toxic cyanobacterial biomass of the genus Microcystis (microcystis group). After 29 days of the experiment, standard indices for the assessment of feed utilization, external characteristics, fish condition, chemical composition of muscles and composition of fatty acids were measured. The feed variants with the addition of green algae (chlorella and algae groups) appeared to be nutritionally more favorable in our experiment. A higher content of PUFAs and total amount of fats (expressed in units of weight) were found in the groups of fish fed the green algae and algae from waste water treatment supplemented feed.
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Lugovoi, M. M., E. A. Kapitonova, and N. V. Habibulina. "The use of granules of food protein concentrated non hydrolyzed at growing piglets." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 5 (October 23, 2019): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500-26272019554-57.
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This article presents a study of the effectiveness of concentrated non-hydrolyzed feed protein granules (CNHPG) on the productivity dynamics and the quality final prod-ucts when included in the diets of suckling pigs and weaned piglets. Concentrated non-hydrolyzed feed protein granules represent a new type of soy protein concentrate free from antibiotics, hormonal remedies and GMOs. This feed supplement can be included either individually to the basic ration or into the composition of mixed feeds as the main highly digestible protein source with the original amino acid composition. The results of the research showed that CNHPG contribute to an increase in piglets average daily gain of 2.0-2.7%, reduce feed costs for obtaining a unit of production by 0.1-0.3 kg, as well as an additional gross gain in body weight from 8.2% to 14.6%
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Bárdos, Boróka, György Kövér, András Szabó, Zsolt Gerencsér, and Nagy István. "Feed preference and feeding behavior of different mouse species in laboratory housing." Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis 26, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31914/aak.3376.
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The feed preference of two species of wild mice, the house mouse (Mus musculus), and the mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus) was investigated (kept in our laboratory for 25 generations). Our interest focused on the feed preference (i.e. if the mice choose the type of feed closest to their natural food). The proximate composition of the two granulated feeds offered to mice differed minimally; the crude fat and crude fibre content of the natural feed mixture was higher, and only this feed contained insect protein. Based on the obtained results, both wild mice species approached the natural feed mixture more frequently than the two other granulated feeds. The same tendency was observed for feed consumption where the animals mostly consumed the natural feed mixture. During the 5-day long study, the consumption of the natural feed mixture increased continuously, while the consumption of the granulated laboratory feed decreased significantly. The average feed consumption was also influenced by room temperature. Our studies can help to develop the optimized indoor keeping and breeding of small domesticated mammals.
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OWINGS, W. J., J. L. SELL, P. FERKET, and R. J. HASIAK. "Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Turkey Hens Fed Corn Gluten Feed." Poultry Science 67, no. 4 (April 1988): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0670585.
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