Academic literature on the topic 'Feed conversion ratio'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Feed conversion ratio.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Feed conversion ratio"
1
Hamanay, Febrianto Lu, Muharlien Muharlien, and Edhy Sudjarwo. "Effect of sex ratio and age parent to consumption feed, weight eggs and conversion ration on birds quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 32, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2022.032.02.13.
Full textAbstract:
Birds quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) is a type of bird lots of quail maintained in the community have morphology i.e. small body, round and tail short Setyawn, Sudjarwo, Widodo, and Prayogi (2011) stated that bird quail is one community poultry of the genus Coturnix which can be generated as producer eggs and meat. Destination from study this for knowing the effect of sex ratio and age parent to consumption feed, weight eggs, and conversion feed. Method study is test design Random Complete (RAL) pattern factorial with 2 factors, namely factor 1 is Sex Ratio and factor 2 is age parent with every 3 treatments and 3 replications. Research results show the sex ratio does not give influence real on consumption feed, the weight of eggs, and conversion feed. Average consumption feed of 675.63 (g/ head) to 683.61 (g/ head), average weight egg of 11.28 (g/ item) to 11.60 (g/ item), and the average conversion ration of 5.63 to 6.08. Influence to age parent gives influence that is not real to consumption feed, weight eggs, and conversion feed. Average consumption feed as big as 677.17 (g/ head) to 679.74 (g/ head), average weight egg of 11.28 (g/ item) to 11.55 (g/ item), and the average conversion ration of 5.71 (g/ head ) to 5.92 (g/ head ). Interaction balance male-female and age parent no give influence real to consumption feed, weight eggs, and conversion feed. The conclusion from the research is the influence of the balance of male-female and the age of the parent no give influence the consumption of feed, the weight of eggs, and conversion of feed.
2
Barber, J., P. H. Brooks, and J. L. Carpenter. "The effects of water to feed ratio on the digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention of a grower ration." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020869.
Full textAbstract:
With the increase in the use of wet feeding systems, there has been a controversy over the optimum water to feed ratio to be used in these systems. Braude et al., (1967) showed that the feed conversion ratio was 20% higher for wet fed pigs compared to dry fed pigs. However, Forbes et al., (1968) found no significant difference in daily gain between wet and dry fed pigs.Gill et al., (1987) conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of different water to feed ratios on the performance of growing pigs provided with an additional water supply. They showed that liveweight gain and feed conversion significantly improved (p < 0.05) as the water to feed ratio of the liquid feed was increased from 2:1 to 3.5:1.The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether water to feed ratio effects digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention.
3
Agustono, B., D. A. Agustin, E. K. Sabdoningrum, M. N. Yunita, R. T. Dewi, and I. R. T. Ivani. "Potential feed substitute of Cirripedia sp. flour on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed consumption of buck." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1036, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1036/1/012027.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cirripedia sp. flour as a fish flour substitution on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed consumption of the rabbit. The experimental design used was 4 treatments and 5 replication each. This research were 100 Rex buck aged 4 months. The feed treatments used were P0 (complete feed 100% with 15% fish flour), P1(complete feed 100% with 12.5% fish flour and 2.5% Cirripedia sp. flour), P2 (complete feed 100% with 10% fish flour and 5% Cirripedia sp. flour), P3 (complete feed 100% with 7.5% fish flour and 7.5% Cirripedia sp. flour). The data were recorded at the fourth week after observation based on feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Average feed consumption of P0 to P3 were 114,54, 112,09, 114,04, 112,71 g. Average of body weight gain of P0 to P3 were 20,01, 20,87, 20,72 and 20,75g. Average of feed conversion ratio of P0 to P3 were 5,79, 5,41, 5,62 and 5,48. The result showed with no significant difference (p>0.05) among the treatment in feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio in the rabbit.
4
Irwani, N., Zairiful, and I. K. Habsari. "Feed Intake and Feed Conversion Ratio of Broiler Supplemented with Herb Extract." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1012, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012069.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Traditional ingredients from herbal plants can be used as antioxidants because they contain curcumin compounds that can affect the metabolic processes of the livestock body. Herbal are obtained from several rhizomes such as turmeric, ginger, lemongrass, and Curcuma. This study investigated the effects of herbal ingredients added to drinking waters. The variables observed in this study were Feed Intake, increase in body weight, and Feed Conversion Ratio. One hundred DOC of two strains were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicates of 10 birds each: control (0 addition of herb ingredients), Treatment 1 (100 mg/kg BW doses of addition), Treatment 2 (200 mg/kg BW doses of addition), and Treatment 3 (300 mg/kg BW doses of addition). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple distance test. The results showed that combining the three herbs applied in drinking water improved feed intake and feed conversion ratio in broiler strains CP 707 and MB 202. However, the 5% Duncan test did not find the best interaction. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the addition of herbal ingredients (turmeric, ginger, and temulawak) affects increasing broiler productivity in different strains, both in the value of feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. However, the best interaction between the two broiler strains has not been obtained.
5
Pingel, H. "Results of selection for breast muscle percentage and feed conversion ratio in Pekin ducks." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103769p.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing breast muscle percentage by selection for breast layer thickness (muscle and skin) of living ducks by needle probe improves carcass quality as could be demonstrated by experiments and by applied breeding programs. In addition direct selection for individual feed conversion ratio can increase the efficiency of duck meat production. Divergent selection for feed conversion ratio from the age of 4 - 7 weeks over 11 generations has differentiated the feed efficiency by about 25 %. Causes for the reduction in feed conversion ratio are lower fat content of carcass, lower locomotor activity, higher enzymatic activity (alkaline phosphatase and creatinkinase in blood plasma) and better feed protein utilization. Because of lower feed consumption in the line selected for lower feed conversion ratio the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus via manure was reduced by about 39 and 26 %, respectively. That means, selection for better feed efficiency is not only an important economical but also an important ecological factor.
6
Najwan, Rifqi, Nabil Fariz Noorrahman, Hana Cipka, Khoirul Huda, Mirni Lamid, and Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari. "POTENSI BAKTERI Lactococcus lactis DAN Lactobacillus casei TERHADAP PERFORMA PRODUKSI AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI Escherichia colii." BUANA SAINS 19, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v19i1.1529.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to find the effect combination probiotic Lactococccus lactis and Lactobacillus casei on the laying hens infected with bacteria Escherichia coli on feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The materials used in this experiment were 120 laying hens aged 25 weeks. Feeds were used commercial concentrate produced by PT. New Hope East Java, type 7183A. In this study were added of six treatments that is (a0b0) chicken without infection and without treatment, (a0b1) chicken without infection plus Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP), (a0b2) chicken without infection plus probiotic, (a1b0) chicken infection without treatment, (a1b1) chicken infection plus AGP. (a1b2) chicken infection plus probiotic. Each treatment was repeated four times. The variables measured were are feed consumption (g/bird/day) and feed conversion ratio (%). Data were analyzed statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if between treatment showed significant effect were analysed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of this research shows that the use of probiotic Lactococccus lactis and Lactobacillus casei on the laying hens infected with bacteria Escherichia coli give a real distinction ( P<0,05) towards feed consumption and showed a real distinction (P <0.05) towards feed conversion ratio. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the addition of probiotic Lactococccus lactis and Lactobacillus casei on the laying hens infected with bacteria Escherichia coli can improve feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of laying hens, hen day production (HDP) and egg weight.
7
Eka Wati, Novi. "Pengaruh Sinkronisasi Pasokan Protein dan Energi Dalam Rumen pada Pakan Komplit Berbasis Bagase terhadap Produktivitas Domba." wahana peternakan 3, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v3i2.158.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of the research was to study the effects of synchronization index in the sugarcane bagasse based complete feed on feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of sheep. Two permanent cannulated male local sheep was 2 years old to create formulation of three diets with different synchronization index, namely 0.37; 0.50 and 0.63 respectively. Fifteen local male sheep with body weight average of 18,32 kg (cv= 14,39%) and aged at 12 months were feed a complete feed based on bagasse with a level of synchrony index 0,37; 0,50; 0,63 were design isoprotein and isoenergy. The treatments were allotted in a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 5 groups for in-vivo test. The feed intake, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of fifteen rams were determined on week 8 of experimental period. The results of the study indicated that the synchrony index did not effect on feed intake, but daily body weight and feed conversion ratio was affected (P<0.05) by the treatment of synchrony index in diet. The daily body weight gain of P2 group was highest compared with P1 and P3 groups. The feed conversion ratio of P2 group was lowest compared with P1 and P3 groups. The alteration of the study indicated that the synchronization index level of 0.50 showed the best weight gain and feed conversion. Keywords: daily body weight, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, synchrony index
8
Losinger, Williard C. "Feed-conversion ratio of finisher pigs in the USA." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 36, no. 4 (October 1998): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(98)00094-4.
Full text
9
Robinson, Edwin H., and Menghe H. Li. "Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Size and Feed Conversion Ratio." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 41, no. 5 (October 2010): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00426.x.
Full text
10
Haladu, Mubarak, and Ahmed Abubakar. "An appraisal of performance of broiler birds fed with different commercial feed in Kano State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Research and Development 18, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jard.v18i1.7.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was carried out to determine the overall performance and economic analysis of broiler chickens fed different commercial diets marketed in Kano metropolis. A total of 112 day-old Zertek strain of broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments coded as A, B, C and Din a completely randomized design. Each group was replicated 4 times with seven birds per replicate. Birds were weighed at the onset of the experiment and weekly thereafter. Feed intake and live weight gain were measured, recorded and used to determine the feed conversion ratio. The chicks were managed on a deep litter system and the experiment lasted for six weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the feeding trial. Results revealed that feed intake of birds ranged from 78.5-87.3 (g/b/d), live weight gain ranged from 49.3 – 53.9 (g/b/d) while feed conversion ratio ranged between 1.59 and 1.64. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in feed intake and feed conversion ratio. However, significant (P < 0.05) difference was observed in live weight gain where birds on treatments B, C, and D were superior to birds on treatment A. The market costs of the feeds at the time of the experiment were used to calculate the feed cost (₦ / kg), total feed cost (₦), feed cost (₦ /kg gain). Feed cost ₦/kg gain was best in treatment A.
Keywords: Appraisal, Performance, Broiler birds, Commercial feed, Kano state.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Feed conversion ratio"
1
Smith, Shannon Nicole. "Residual feed intake of Angus cattle divergently selected for feed conversion ratio." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1229619401.
Full text
2
Roxo, Alexandre Manuel Delgado. "Efeito do rácio triptofano:lisina em regimes de baixa proteína no crescimento de suínos entre os 20-40 kg de peso vivo." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8211.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina VeterináriaThe effect of different standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios, in diets with low crude protein on the zootechnical performances of pigs between 20 and 40 kg, was studied using 120 pigs in a five week trial. The 120 pigs were allotted to four experimental diets, 30 animals per diet and placed in cages in groups of 3 pigs per cage. Diet 1 was the control diet, with a level of 16,5% crude protein and standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio of 20,7%; diets 2, 3 and 4 were diets with a low crude protein level (14,5%) and the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios were 17,4%, 20,5% and 23,5%, respectively. The average daily feed intake and the average daily gain decreased in pigs fed diet 2 compared to pigs fed diet 1 (P=0,0432; P=0,0187, respectively). The average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different between diets 1 and 3 and between diets 3 and 4. These results suggest that it is possible to reduce the level of crude protein in two percentage points, as long as balance is maintained in the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio at 20,5%
3
Ribeiro, Diogo Alexandre Carreira. "Efeito do rácio valina:lisina em regimes de baixa proteína no crescimento de suínos entre os 12-30 kg de peso vivo." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9231.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina VeterináriaThe effect of different digestive ileal standart of valine:lysine ratios on low crude protein content, on the zootecnic performances of 12 to 30 kg piglets was studied using 180 piglets, on a 4 week trial. Those 180 piglets were distributed on 5 different experimental diets, with 36 animals each and installed on a 3 piglets per cage. The diets were elaborated with a 15, 5% crude protein content with a digestive ileal standart of valine:lysine ratio of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80%, diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The average daily gain was higher on the piglets with a 70% ratio (diet 3), comparatively with diets 2, 4 and 5 (P=0, 0597). The final weight, average daily intake and feed convertion ratio were not significantly different a mong diets. These results show that the best digestive ileal standart ratio of valine:lysine is the 70% for piglests with live weight of 12 to 30 kg
4
Ngomani, Delisile. "Effect of dietary threonine level on productivity and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3052.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Sc. (Animal Production)) --University of Limpopo, 2019Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary threonine level on production performance and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens. In each experiment the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different dietary threonine levels.The first part of the study determined the effect of dietary threonine level on feed intake, growth rate, mortality and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens aged between Day 1-21. A total of 150 unsexed day-old chicks were used in a complete randomized design having 5 treatments (6.4, 7.5, 8, 8.5 and 9g of threonine/kg DM feed), replicated three times and having ten chickens per replicate. The second part of the study determined the effect of dietary threonine level on feed intake, digestibility, growth rate, mortality and carcass characteristics of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged between Day 22-42. Seventy-five male chickens were used in a complete randomized design having 5 treatments (6.4, 7.5, 8, 8.5 and 9g of threonine/kg DM feed), replicated three times and having five chickens per replicate. A quadratic regression model was used to determine the optimal productivity of the chickens while a General Linear Model (GLM) procedures for the statistical analysis of variance was used to detect dietary treatment effects. Where there were significant differences (P<0.05), Turkey’s honestly significant difference test (HSD) was used for mean separation. The chickens were slaughtered at the ages of 21 and 42 days for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively, following ethical standards as recommended by the University of Limpopo Animal Research Ethics Committee (AREC/12/2017: PG). Two chickens per replicate for both studies were slaughtered for the determination of carcass characteristics (carcass and organ weights, gut organ digesta pH and gastro-intestinal length measurements). Dietary threonine levels used in this experiment affected (P<0.05) feed intake, growth rate, live weight, metabolisable energy (ME) intake, nitrogen retention, feed conversion ratio and gut organ weights and lengths of unsexed Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 21 days. Dietary threonine level did not affect (P>0.05) diet digestibility. Feed conversion ratio, pH of the proventriculus digesta, gut intestine length and caecum length of unsexed broiler chickens were optimized at different dietary threonine levels of 9.6, 8.5, 6.6 and 8.4 g/kg DM, respectively. Dietary threonine levels had an effect (P<0.05) on feed intake, diet digestibility, metabolizable energy, live weight, proventriculus pH values, GIT length, gut organ and carcass organ weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens between 22 to 42 days of age. Proventriculus and large intestine weights were optimized at different dietary threonine levels of 7.5 and 9.1 g/kg DM feed, respectively. Dietary threonine level did not affect (P>0.05) growth rate, feed conversion ratio of male Ross 308 broiler chickens between 22 to 42 days of age. It is concluded that dietary threonine levels used in this study affected production performance of younger broilers (Day 1-21) more than that of older birds (Day 22-42). However, production variables were optimized at different dietary threonine levels. This has implication on diet formulation for the chickens and no linear response could be established
National Research Foundation (NRF), and the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF)
5
Camilo, Danilo de AraÃjo. "Ingestive behavior, performance, carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of Morada Nova lambs fed different levels of metabolizable energy." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7070.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior, average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), feed efficiency (FE), carcass characteristics, commercial cuts weights and yield, weight of gastrointestinal content and compartments, weight and yield of internal organs of Morada Nova growing lambs fed different levels of metabolizable energy (ME). 32 lambs, non-castrated, with average initial body weight of 12.12 Â 1.69 kg and approximately 60 days of age were used. Animals were distributed into four experimental treatments determined by different levels of metabolizable energy (1.28, 1.72, 2.18 and 2.62 Mcal/kg DM), in a randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment. Tifton 85 hay was used as roughage. Lambs were slaughtered sequentially as the group of animals of each treatment reached an average of 25 kg of body weight. Increasing linear effect was observed of metabolizable energy levels (P<0.05) over dry matter (DM) intake and decreasing linear effect for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, both expressed in g/day, %BW e g/kg0,75. Eating, ruminating and total chewing times, expressed in h/day, decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of energy in the rations. Idle time, in turn, increased linearly (P<0.05). Eating and rumination efficiencies were influenced by the energy levels (P<0.05) expressed in g DM/h. The number of ruminal boluses, number of chews and chews per ruminal bolus were not affected by the levels of ME. However, time spent chewing per ruminal bolus was influenced (P<0.05). Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was observed for ADG, without affecting, however FC and FE. Carcass traits such as: empty body weight, hot carcass weight and yield, cold carcass weight and yield, loss by cooling and biological yield were not affected (P>0.05) by the increasing levels of dietary energy. Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was also observed for ribeye area and decreased linear effect (P<0.05) for loss by fasting with the increasing of ME levels. The levels of energy also decreased (P<0.05) the weight of the cuts shoulder and leg (%), and increased linearly the neck (kg), rib, breast and flank expressed in kg and%. There was no effect of energy levels (P>0.05) on weight of gastrointestinal content. Increased linear effect (P<0.05) was observed for the weights of heart, the group of organs lungs, trachea, esophagus and tongue (PTEL), liver and spleen, expressed in kg. Regarding the compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, it was observed increased linear effect (P<0.05) only for rumen-reticulum, in %, and small intestine, in kg. The perirenal, omental and mesenteric fats were also influenced by the energy levels (P<0.05) with linear increase when expressed in kg and %. It was concluded that the increase of ME levels of diets influences the ingestive behavior, promote increases in ADG and ribeye area, and reduction in loss by fasting. Regarding the weights of cuts, levels of ME reduce shoulder and leg and increase neck, rib, chest and flank. Levels of ME also influence positively weight and yield of internal organs, viscera and fats of Morada Nova lambs during the growing period.
Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos, ganho de peso mÃdio diÃrio (GMD), conversÃo alimentar (CA), eficiÃncia alimentar (EA), caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, pesos e rendimento dos cortes comerciais, peso do conteÃdo e dos compartimentos gastrointestinais, peso e rendimento dos ÃrgÃos internos de ovinos Morada Nova em crescimento alimentados com diferentes nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel (EM). Foram utilizados 32 animais, nÃo-castrados, peso corporal mÃdio de 12,12 Â 1,69 kg e aproximadamente 60 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuÃdos em quatro tratamentos experimentais determinados por diferentes nÃveis de EM (1,28; 1,72; 2,18 e 2,62 Mcal/kg de MS), em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com oito repetiÃÃes por tratamento. O feno de Tifton 85 foi utilizado como volumoso. Os cordeiros foram abatidos seqÃencialmente, Ã medida que o grupo de animais de cada tratamento atingia a mÃdia de 25 kg de peso vivo. Foi observado efeito linear (P<0,05) crescente dos nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel sobre consumo de matÃria seca (MS) e decrescente para o consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), ambos expressos em g/dia, %PV e g/kg0,75. Os tempos de alimentaÃÃo, ruminaÃÃo e mastigaÃÃo total, expressos em h/dia, diminuÃram linearmente (P<0,05) com o aumento dos nÃveis energÃticos das raÃÃes. O tempo de Ãcio, por sua vez, aumentou linearmente (P<0,05). As eficiÃncias de alimentaÃÃo e ruminaÃÃo foram influenciadas pelos nÃveis de energia (P<0,05) expressas em g MS/h. O nÃmero de bolos ruminais, nÃmero de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por dia e nÃmero de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por bolo ruminal nÃo foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos nÃveis de EM das raÃÃes. Para o tempo de mastigaÃÃes merÃcicas por bolo ruminal houve efeito significativo (P<0,05). Verificou-se efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM sobre o GMD sem afetar, no entanto a CA e EA. As caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa: peso de corpo vazio, peso e rendimento de carcaÃa quente, peso e rendimento de carcaÃa fria, perda por resfriamento e rendimento biolÃgico nÃo foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos aumentos nos nÃveis de energia da dieta. Houve efeito linear crescente dos nÃveis de energia sobre a Ãrea de olho de lombo e perda por jejum (P<0,05). Observou-se ainda efeito linear decrescente dos nÃveis de EM (P<0,05) sobre o peso dos cortes paleta e perna em %, e crescente sobre os pesos de pescoÃo em kg e costela, peito e fraldinha expressos em kg e %. NÃo foi observado efeito (P>0,05) dos nÃveis de energia sobre o peso do conteÃdo gastrointestinal. Verificou-se efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM sobre os pesos do coraÃÃo, do conjunto de ÃrgÃos: pulmÃes, traquÃia, esÃfago e lÃngua (PTEL), do fÃgado e baÃo, expressos em kg. Em relaÃÃo aos compartimentos do trato gastrointestinal foi observado efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos nÃveis de EM somente sobre o rÃmen-retÃculo em %, e intestino delgado em kg. As gorduras perirenal, omental e mesentÃrica tambÃm foram influenciados pelos nÃveis de energia (P<0,05) com incremento linear para os pesos em kg e %. Conclui-se que o aumento dos nÃveis de energia metabolizÃvel da raÃÃo influencia o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos e proporciona aumentos no GMD, Ãrea de olho de lombo, e reduÃÃo na perda por jejum. Em relaÃÃo aos pesos dos cortes comerciais o aumento nos nÃveis de EM reduz o peso de paleta e perna e aumenta os pesos do pescoÃo, costela, peito e fraldinha. O nÃvel de EM das raÃÃes influencia positivamente no peso e rendimento dos ÃrgÃos internos, vÃsceras e gorduras de ovinos Morada Nova em crescimento.
6
ROCHA, Tatiane Martins. "Controle de Salmonella Typhimurium em frangos de corte uti- lizando composto com ácido benzóico, fumárico e 2-hidróxi-me- tiltio-butanóico." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/936.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao Tatiane Martins.pdf: 647656 bytes, checksum: b344932502d967c35cd933892c12768c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-07-24Foi conduzido um experimento utilizando-se 630 pintos com um dia de idade com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de ácidos orgânicos, frente à inoculação experimental de Salmonella Typhimurium sobre a saúde intestinal, desempenho, bacteriologia de órgãos e função hepática. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com seis tratamentos e sete repetições com 15 pintos cada. O desafio experimental com a bactéria ocorreu por duas vias de administração: via inglúvio, ao primeiro dia após eclosão, e via ração durante o período de sete a 14 dias de idade. Estes grupos foram tratados ou não com ácidos orgânicos, definindo-se desta forma, um esquema fatorial de 3x2 (agente versus ácidos orgânicos). Os pintos dos tratamentos preconizados para inoculação no primeiro dia de vida receberam via inglúvio, a dose de 5,0 x 102 /0,5mL unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de Salmonella Typhimurium. Os tratamentos com contaminação via ração, receberam o desafio na dosagem de 5,0 x 102 UFC de Salmonella Typhimurium/ kg de ração. O teste de Tukey (5%) foi utilizado para análises das variáveis. Os grupos tratados com ácidos orgânicos apresentaram melhores de ganho de peso, peso médio e conversão alimentar (p<0,05) aos 14, 21 e de ganho de peso e peso médio (p<0,05) aos 28 dias de idade. Os grupos inoculados com Salmonella Typhimurium apresentaram piores índices de desempenho (p<0,05) aos sete, 14 e 28 dias. O peso do intestino delgado foi maior (p<0,05) para os grupos inoculados quando comparado ao grupo controle, entretanto com comprimento menor para o mesmo fragmento intestinal. O tratamento inoculado via inglúvio e tratado com ácidos orgânicos apresentou menores valores (p<0,05) de unidades formadoras de colônia/g de Escherichia coli em excretas do que os grupos que foi comparado. O pH do conteúdo do conteúdo cecal e do intestino delgado não foi afetado (p>0,05) pela adição de ácido, enquanto o pH do intestino delgado dos grupos inoculados foi menor (p<0,05) quando comparado ao grupo controle negativo durante todo o período experimental. Também foi verificado menor peso (p<0,05) de fígado para os grupos controle negativo aos 21 e 28 dias. Os grupos tratados com ácido, independente da via de administração com Salmonella Typhimurium, obtiveram menores freqüências de isolamento em todos os órgãos analisados. Foram também observadas alterações (p<0,05) na bioquímica sérica hepática e na análise histopatológica do fígado pela atuação da Salmonella. Pode-se concluir que o ácido utilizado na dosagem de 0,4% potencializou o desempenho, foi eficaz no controle de Salmonella Typhimurium e não promoveu lesões hepáticas, quando da inoculação experimental de Salmonella Typhimurium ácido nalidíxico resistente.
7
Makhubela, Naum Nyanese. "Effect of bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching on performance and carcass characteristics of ross 308 broiler chickens." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2899.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (BSc. Agriculture (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching on performance and carcass characteristics of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. The experiment was based on 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours of liquid bovine colostrum feeding after hatching of broiler chickens. The experiment commenced with 180 male Ross 308 broiler chicks with an initial live weight of 42 ± 2g per bird and was carried out for six weeks. The chicks were randomly assigned to six treatments with three replications, resulting in 18-floor pens with 10 chicks per replicate. A complete randomized design was used in this experiment. Data was analysed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of the Statistical Analysis of system, Version 9.3.1 software program. Where there were significant differences, mean separation was done using the Turkey test at the 5% level of significance. A quadratic regression model was used to determine the optimum productivity of the experiment while a linear model was used to determine the relationships between bovine colostrum feeding period and responses in the variables measured. Feed intake during Week 1, growth rate during Week 3 and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during Weeks 2 and 3 of the growing period of male Ross 308 broiler chickens were not affected (p>0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding periods after hatching. Similarly, bovine colostrum feeding had no effect (p>0.05) on diet dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ash digestibilities in male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 14 to 21 days. Bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching had no effect (p>0.05) on nitrogen retention (N-retention) in male broiler chickens aged one to 21 days. Similarly, gut organ digesta pH, length and weight of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 21 days were not improved (p>0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding after hatching. However, bovine colostrum feeding improved (p<0.05) feed intake during Weeks 2 and 3 of the growing period of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Similarly, bovine colostrum feeding after hatching improved (p<0.05) crude protein (CP) digestibility in male broiler chickens aged 14 to 21 days. Metabolisable energy (ME) intake of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged one to 21 days was improved (p<0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching. Similarly, growth rate of male broiler v chickens during Weeks 1 and 2 was improved (p<0.05) by colostrum feeding after hatching. Feed conversion ratio of male broiler chickens during Week 1 was improved (p<0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching. Bovine colostrum feeding after hatching improved (p<0.05) live weight of male Ross 308 broiler chickens at the ages of 7, 14 and 21 days. Nitrogen retention and FCR of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days were not affected (p>0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding after hatching. In addition, live weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 35 and 42 days were not affected (p>0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching. Similarly, bovine colostrum feeding had no effect (p>0.05) on gut organ digesta pH, large intestine lengths, breast and drumstick weights and breast meat juiciness of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days. However, bovine colostrum feeding improved (p<0.05) feed intake and growth rate of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. Live weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 28 days were improved (p<0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching. Similarly, bovine colostrum feeding after hatching did not affect (p<0.05) diet DM, CP, NDF, ADF and ash digestibilities in male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 35 to 42 days. Metabolisable energy intake of male broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days was improved (p<0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding period after hatching. Similarly, GIT, small intestine and caecum lengths and crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, caecum, large intestine, carcass and thigh weights of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days were improved (p<0.05) by bovine colostrum feeding after hatching. Bovine colostrum feeding after hatching improved (p<0.05) breast meat tenderness, flavour and shear force of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days. It is concluded that reasons for differing responses to bovine colostrum feeding periods of up to 72 hours after hatching are not clear. Therefore, further studies in which longer bovine colostrum feeding periods are used after hatching are recommended.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
8
Willson, Nicky-Lee. "Identification of biological factors that can be consistently linked to performance variation in modern commercial broiler flocks." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119649.
Full textAbstract:
The intensification of the chicken meat industry over the past 50 years has resulted in a 400% increase in the growth rate of meat birds and a 50% reduction in feed conversion ratio, maintaining poultry as a cost-effective source of protein. Improvements have been a direct result of genetic selection for growth and feed efficiency (85-90%), advances in poultry nutrition and improved management practices. Despite production gains, performance variation remains both within and between broilers strains, which is a negative economic trait resulting in losses to producers and the industry alike. We therefore aimed to elucidate biological factors contributing to variations in growth and performance, particularly in meat birds. As growth has been repeatedly shown to be an immunological trade-off, the first study investigated whether functional changes in intestinal barrier function and innate immunity could be consistently linked to the phenotypic expression of feed conversion ratio (FCR) in meat birds. Genes in the small intestine were investigated between high- and low-performing phenotypes (selected on individual FCR), collected from three separate trials. There was no evidence linking flock performance variation with basal parameters of innate intestinal immunity in the ileum in this study. Higher variation in the expression levels of two genes, Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and membrane protein CD36 were of interest however, as both exhibit numerous overlapping and individual functions contributing to both innate immunity and fatty acid metabolism. A second study was conducted to investigate whether links between innate immunity and fatty acid metabolism could be contributing to variations in growth and performance. Total carcass fat %, carcass and blood lipid composition, key genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and selected innate immune parameters were investigated in meat birds, layer birds and F1 layer x meat bird crosses at d14 post hatch. The results indicated a total upregulation of fatty acid metabolism in meat birds when compared to the F1 cross and layer birds, for both fatty synthesis as well as β-oxidation in the liver, suggestive of altered metabolism. There was no evidence to suggest that any birds were exhibiting cellular hepatic stress or that fatty acid metabolism was interacting with parameters of innate immunity in this study. A third study used RNA-Seq to compare liver transcriptomes of meat birds, layer birds and their F1 cross. The objective was to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes between differing growth phenotypes to identify genes and biological pathways contributing to growth variations. Of the total genes identified, 155 were DE between all three groups. Transcriptional differences between the groups were large, particularly between meat birds and layers. Of the genes analysed, 19% were DE between meat birds and layers; 9.6% of genes DE between meat birds and cross; and 1.6% of genes DE between cross and layer birds. The most significant finding was the repeated enrichment of the FoxO signalling pathway, particularly genes related to cell cycle regulation and the insulin receptor. There was also a high correlation between FoxO pathway genes and bodyweight, as well as genes related glycolysis and bodyweight. In summary, this thesis explores several biological factors associated with growth and performance variation in commercial meat birds. The results indicated that intestinal barrier/innate immune function was not associated with the phenotypic expression of FCR nor was altered immune function detected with differential fatty acid metabolism between birds differing in growth potential. There was however significant evidence implicating the FoxO signalling pathway (via cell cycle regulation and altered metabolism) as an active driver of growth variations in chicken. We recommend further functional characterisation and analysis of this pathway, in meat birds in particular, to further characterise variations in growth and performance.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2017
9
ČTRNÁCT, Petr. "Testování produkční účinnosti speciálních krmiv pro sumce u tržního keříčkovce červenolemého (Clarias gariepinus) v recirkulačním systému." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137511.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this diploma thesis is compare the production efficiency of special types of feed for African catfish in experimental conditions in a recirculating system with biological treatment of water. It was tested four different types of floating feed, differing in the proportion of main components, the chemical composition and determining - for catfish (CatCo GROWER - 12 EF, CatCo SELECT - 13 EF and CatCo GROWER - 13 EF), respectively salmonid fish species (Dibaq Trout Evolution). The primary outcome indicators was the growth rate, individual weight (and it's variability), feed conversion ratio, the cost of feed consumed per unit of growth and product quality, evaluated according the average dress-out percentage of skinless fillets, organoleptic assessment and chemical composition of flesh.
10
Chung-YuChen and 陳重佑. "Current-Fed High-Conversion-Ratio Bidirectional DC-to-DC Converter with Coupled-Inductors and Switched-Capacitors." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43125470604540944246.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
103
Due to environmental consideration and increase of load demand, renewable energy is widely used nowadays. However, its unreliable and intermittent characteristics cause problems of power supply reliability. To solve the problem, an energy storage system (ESS) may be used not only to improve the stability of distribution power system with renewable energy integrated, but also relieve the intermittence of renewable energy. Therefore, used to coordinate power flow between ESS and distribution power system, a bidirectional DC-to-DC converter becomes an important research topic. A new current-fed high-conversion-ratio bidirectional DC-to-DC converter integrated coupled-inductors and switched-capacitors are proposed for the application in ESS. With the current-fed configuration, continuous low-ripple input current can be achieved, which can avoid the use of input electrolytic capacitor to enhance the reliability of the whole system. High-conversion-ratio is obtained by coupled-inductors and switched-capacitors. In boost mode, switches at high voltage side can achieve soft-switching. The efficiency can thus be enhanced due to the reduction of conduction loss. In buck mode, each of the switches can have soft-switching. Leakage energy on secondary side can be recycled by active-clamped circuit. Thus, the efficiency can be further improved as well. Operation principles, voltage stress analyses, and design guidelines of components used in the proposed circuit are discussed in detail in the thesis. Finally, a 24V low-side voltage, 400V high-side voltage, and 200W rated prototype power circuit has been implemented in the thesis to verify its effectiveness. According to the experimental results, a maximal efficiency 95.5% and 92.3% at rated power are obtained while in boost mode. In buck mode, a maximal efficiency 93.2% and 87.7% at rated power are observed.
Books on the topic "Feed conversion ratio"
1
Beker, Eugene. Effect of feeding frequency on feed conversion ratio of white tropical shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Feed conversion ratio"
1
Amico, Michael. "Feeling Political Through the Radio: President Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats, 1933–1944." In Feeling Political, 159–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89858-8_6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter focuses on Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats (1933–1944). It zooms in on the case of a president directly addressing the people, seeking to foreground their active participation. Roosevelt’s broadcasts, a series of thirty-one radio speeches heard by a majority of Americans between 1933 and 1945, transformed institutional tasks and obligations into a highly exciting conversation. In a world of competing political rhetoric and much division, and in the middle of the Great Depression, these radio chats put the power of change in every American’s hands by making them feel a new sense of confidence and trust in the federal government. Even those who were not directly helped by Roosevelt’s ‘New Deal’ legislation wrote to him to say how his words and images had converted their anxiety, grievance, and fury into courage and hope. They promised to do all they could to help him and the country, a commitment that served to boost morale and further unite the country during the Second World War. The particular style and means of Roosevelt’s emotional templates were informed by his personality as a politician, his philosophy of democracy, and the medium of radio itself.
2
Mohi Alddin Abdulrahman, Nasreen. "Microalgae and Fish Nutrition." In Progress in Microalgae Research: A path for shaping sustainable futures [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105028.
Full textAbstract:
Fish has long been a source of “rich food for poor people” and has played an important role in increasing food security and nutrition in developing countries. Because various chemicals in algae can have confusing effects, the results of experimental research can be difficult to understand. Algae has been associated with strengthening immune systems, lipid metabolism, antiviral and antibacterial action, improved gut function, stress resistance besides providing a source of protein, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, and other biologically active phytochemicals in cattle and aquaculture feeds, even when used in modest amounts. The addition of algae to the fish diet modified the growth performance of the fish, causing it to improve. Its use resulted in a decrease in feed conversion ratio expenses, which plays an important part in determining aquaculture costs, an increase in feed efficiency ratio, and a decrease in feed conversion ratio. In accordance with the findings of chemical composition, various statements were acquired wherein the high proportion of algae significantly affects the protein and fat ratio. The outcomes demonstrated that algae could be a decent option as an additive for fish feed.
3
Chukwudi Aguihe, Paschal, Ibinabo Imuetinyan Ilaboya, and Deji Abiodun Joshua. "Impact of Glycine Supplementation to Dietary Crude Protein Reduction in Broiler Chickens." In Dietary Supplements - Challenges and Future Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106786.
Full textAbstract:
A 21-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary reduction of crude protein (CP) concentrations with graded levels of supplemental glycine (Gly) on growth performance of broiler chickens. Day-old chicks (n = 250) were randomly divided into five treatment groups which were divided into five replicates of ten chicks each in a completely randomized design. The treatments were as follows: T1 comprised of the control group with a standard CP diet (SCPD; 3100 kcal ME/kg and 22% CP) while T2, T3, T4 and T5 comprised of groups fed reduced CP diets (RCPD; 3100 kcal ME/kg and 19% CP) with supplemental Gly at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% graded levels, respectively. Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) data was collected on a weekly basis. Final body weight and weight gain of birds fed control and 0.8% Gly diets were similar and higher (P < 0.05) than those fed other treatment diets. A similar FCR was recorded among birds fed control, 0.6% and 0.8% Gly diets but lower (P < 0.05) than other treatment groups. Therefore, a minimum level of 0.6% Gly supplementation is necessary to optimized performance of broilers (21-d old) fed RCPD.
4
Alagawany, Mahmoud, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Muhammad Saeed, Shaaban S. Elnesr, and Mayada R. Farag. "Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and its Derivatives in Poultry Feed." In Antibiotic Alternatives in Poultry and Fish Feed, 66–79. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049015122010008.
Full textAbstract:
Production of safe and healthy poultry diets of high profitability is the central aim of poultry men. This safety is achieved by using natural products as growth stimulants. Natural feed additives such as medicinal products derived from herbs and spices are mainly used in the poultry feed industry as appetite and enzyme secretion stimulants. The use of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and its derivatives has lately received much greater attention as an alternative to traditional antibiotics. The clove exhibited strong antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-septic and anti-inflammatory properties and appetite and digestion stimulants. The clove and its derivatives contain bioactive components, including eugenol, eugenyl acetate, ᵦ-caryophyllene, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol, methyl amyl ketone, humulene, gallotannic acid, and crategolic acid that have beneficial effects. Eugenol is the main bioactive component present in the clove. The potential advantages of utilizing clove extracts in poultry diets include improved growth performance, egg production and feed conversion ratio, enhanced digestion, and down-regulated disease incidence. From the available literature, clove and its essential oil is one of the beneficial plant extracts to increase growth performance in poultry by improving the intestinal microbiota population. Clove extract contains various molecules (principally eugenol) that have self-biological activities in poultry physiology and metabolism. This chapter includes information on clove and its derivatives in poultry nutrition.
5
Sarathi Swain, Partha, Sonali Prusty, Somu Bala Nageswara Rao, Duraisamy Rajendran, and Amlan Kumar Patra. "Essential Nanominerals and Other Nanomaterials in Poultry Nutrition and Production." In Advances in Poultry Nutrition Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96013.
Full textAbstract:
Poultry production, health and wellbeing are highly dependent upon formulation of balanced rations in terms of energy, protein, and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Among all, minerals are required in fewer quantities, but they are very important to maintain the productivity in poultry. Minerals present in the feeds are less bioavailable and additional supplementation is obligatory to meet the physiological demands of poultry. Conventionally, minerals are supplemented as inorganic salts, which are less absorbed and, thus, a major proportion is excreted to the surroundings creating environment issues. Nano-minerals and organic mineral chelates are other alternative to be used as livestock and poultry feed supplements. Though organic minerals are more bioavailable than inorganic salts, their high cost limits its use. In contrast, nano-minerals are relatively easy to synthesize at a lower cost. Nano-minerals are of the size from 1–100 nm and due to such small size, there is an enormous increase in surface area and thus their biological responses. The biological response studies have signified better retention of nano-minerals as compared to inorganic salts, and consequently leached less to the environment preventing possible pollution. Apart from these, nano-minerals have been shown to enhance growth, egg production and quality, immune-modulation and antioxidant status, and at the same time economize the production by reducing the supplemental dose of minerals and improving the feed conversion ratio. Some nano-minerals and other nanoparticles have strong antimicrobial effects, which have been shown to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in the gut. Nano-minerals seem to be less toxic than conventional mineral sources. Though less, few studies have indicated toxic effects of nano-mineral supplementation at higher dose of application, which should be validated by more programmed studies. Nanotechnology in poultry production system is still in its budding stage and more detailed studies are warranted to validate, establish and search for new effects of nano-minerals as they sometimes produce effects beyond expectation. This review highlights the biological responses of nanominerals on poultry production performance, quality of meat and eggs, tissue retention, immunity, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial actions compared with their conventional mineral sources.
6
Kültz, Dietmar. "Feeds, waste, and stress." In A Primer of Ecological Aquaculture, 227–51. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850229.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The main input of energy and matter (excluding water and oxygen) in aquaculture systems are fertilized eggs, food, and fertilizer, while waste and harvest represent the main output. Aquaculture systems are classified by stocking density, yield, space efficiency, and the extent of reliance on ecosystem services or technology. Ecologically sustainable aquaculture is promoted by collection, processing, and proper disposal of waste and by trophic recycling of waste within the system. Intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and extensive aquaculture are most ecologically sustainable. Semi-intensive, open, cage, raceway, and net pen aquaculture systems are least ecologically sustainable. Aquaculture sustainability is increased when feed efficiency is maximized, and feed conversion rate minimized by optimal composition, consistency, and application of food. Live food is critical in hatcheries for feeding larvae. It consists of phytoplankton (microalgae) and zooplankton (rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods). Formulated aquaculture feeds containing optimal amounts and ratios of amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other essential nutrients have been developed. An optimally nutrient-balanced diet based on formulated feeds maximizes the health of aquaculture animals. Aquaculture waste is produced from unused decaying food, excreted animal waste, and decaying plant, bacterial, and animal biomass. Aquaculture waste is treated by mechanical filtration and sedimentation, biological filtration, chemical filtration, degassing, oxygenation, and sterilization. Stress induced by poor water quality impairs the welfare and performance of aquaculture organisms. Universal, non-specific symptoms of stress are routinely monitored in aquaculture. They include animal behaviour and appearance, haematocrit, lymphocyte counts, and plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations.
7
"Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium." In Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium, edited by Jiashou Liu, Tangling Zhang, and Duane C. Chapman. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874585.ch5.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em>—Northern Snakehead <em>Channa argus </em>weighing 188.54 ± 13.80 g were fed live Oriental Weatherfish <em>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus </em>at five rations (starvation, 1, 2, 4% body weight per day, and satiation) at 28°C under laboratory conditions to determine its growth and energy budget in relation to ration. The specific growth rate increased linearly with increasing ration and food conversion efficiencies also tended to increase with increasing ration. The proportion of food energy lost in fecal production remained unchanged, but the proportion of food energy lost in nitrogenous excretion tended to decrease with increasing ration, while growth increased. The energy budget at satiation was: 100C = 7.01F + 4.76U + 40.13R + 48.10G, where C, F, U, R and G represent food energy, fecal energy, excretory energy, metabolism energy, and growth energy, respectively. The unbalanced error rates in the energy budget (<EM>C</EM>%) were –9.99–11.94%. Northern Snakehead fed to satiation allocated 45.5% of assimilated energy to metabolism and 54.5% to growth. Northern Snakehead has a high growth efficiency and a low metabolic expenditure, indicating both aquaculture potential and strong competitive ability for successful invasion.
Conference papers on the topic "Feed conversion ratio"
1
Muarif, Y. Wahyudin, D. Merdekawati, Mulyana, and F. S. Mumpuni. "Survival Rate and Feed Conversion Ratio of Milkfish in Different Silvoaquaculture Ponds." In International Seminar on Promoting Local Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Development (ISPLRSAD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210609.007.
Full text
2
Ciptono, Suhandoyo, Tri Harjana, and Rizka Apriani Putri. "The Effect of Leaf-Waste Type and Bioconversion Ability Based on Feed Conversion Ratio in Black Soldiers Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens, L.)." In 7th International Conference on Research, Implementation, and Education of Mathematics and Sciences (ICRIEMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210305.003.
Full text
3
Kräupl, Stefan, and Aldo Steinfeld. "Pulsed Gas Feeding for Stoichiometric Operation of a Gas-Solid Vortex Flow Solar Chemical Reactor." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-160.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The thermodynamic implications of conducting the solar combined ZnO-reduction and CH4-reforming under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are examined. For a solar flux concentration ratio of 5000 and for a solar cavity-receiver operating at 1300 K, the solar thermal conversion efficiency is 55% for a stoichiometric molar ratio of ZnO and CH4, and decreases by 50% when using excess methane by a factor 10 over the stoichiometric molar amount. A technical solution for operating a gas-solid vortex-flow solar reactor under stoichiometric conditions was established by using a pulsed-feed of methane to carry out the particles of ZnO. Using this technique, nearly stoichiometric operation was demonstrated with a prototype reactor in a high-flux solar furnace, thereby opening up a means for efficient conversion of sunlight into chemical fuels.
4
Smith, Michael A., Christopher D. Depcik, Stefan Klinkert, John W. Hoard, Stanislav V. Bohac, and Dionissios N. Assanis. "NO2 Reaction Pathways With NH3 on an Fe-Zeolite SCR Catalyst." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60114.
Full textAbstract:
One approach for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission control of medium duty diesel engines is through the use of a combination Lean NOx Trap and Selective Catalytic Reduction (LNT-SCR) catalyst system. In this system, part of the NOx conversion occurs via an NH3 SCR catalyst that is dependent on the NO2 to NOx ratio of the feed gas with NO2 being a more advantageous oxidizer. One benefit of using this system is the conversion of NO to NO2 over the LNT which increases the NO2:NOx ratio of the feed gas to the SCR catalyst. An experimental study has been performed to investigate the NO2-NH3 reaction for an Fe-based zeolite SCR catalyst using a bench top flow reactor. The increase in NO2 concentration at the inlet of the SCR results in the formation of large quantities of N2O from 200°C to 400°C. Further experiments determined that N2O and NH3 react above 350°C. This has led to a hypothesis that one primary SCR reaction (Slow SCR) can be replaced with two reaction steps featuring NH3, NO2, and N2O. As a result, this paper proposes five NOx reduction reactions as part of a global mechanism, which would account for the observed experimental behavior.
5
Shea, Zachary, and Bo Zhang. "Enhancing Soybean Meal Demand and Market by Developing Soy Meal Based Aquafeeds." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gbos5039.
Full textAbstract:
Generally, about 50-70% of aquaculture production costs are feed related since fish meal is highly expensive ($1,500/metric ton). Due to this, there is a pressing need to find alternative and sustainable sources for fish meal. While soy meal is one alternative, it is limited at how much can be used for fish feed due to the presence of antinutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors (TI). This study examines Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed five different diets that varied in how much soy meal was present, either 0%, 30%, or 60%, and the if the soy came from a low or high TI variety. The five diets were the fish meal control that had no soy meal present, two diets using commercial soy meal with high levels of TI at 30% and 60% inclusion levels (30% and 60% SBM) and two diets using the low-TI variety VT Barrick at 30% and 60% inclusion levels (30% and 60% VSBM). Each diet was fed to three 100 L tanks with 10 fish each for 7 weeks. Fish were weighed at the start of the trial, after 2, 4, and 7 weeks to measure specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and percentage weight gain. After 7 weeks, four fish from each diet had their liver and viscera weighed to determine hepatosomatic index (HIS) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) as well as collecting fecal samples for microbiota analysis. Fish fed the FM, 30% SBM and 30% VSBM were found to have similar growth performances, while the 60% SBM and 60% VSBM were found to have lower growth than the other three diets with the 60% VSBM having the lowest growth.
6
Niyonshuti, Eric, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Assessment of the Last Decades Studies and Developments in Broilers Nutrition." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.003.
Full textAbstract:
The poultry industry has advanced remarkably over the past 30 years. In particular, broiler production has been the most successful than any other sector in the animal industry. Production standards of broilers have continuously improved over this period, with modern broilers reaching a live average weight of 2.5 kg at 33 – 35 days. Today, under normal conditions, a broiler chicken can gain an average weight of 65 g per day and can attain 1.5 feed conversion ratio (FCR). Genetic selection brought about by breeding companies has played a big part in the improvements of broiler growth, and advances in nutritional management have provided about 10 to 15% of these changes. In conclusion, future broiler nutrition studies are going to be continued on the plane of economic criteria, determination of alternative feedstuffs and their cultivation, production of new feed additives, sustainability, and food or product quality. However, broiler nutrition studies are expected to contain not only pure and applied nutrition but also to answer and to enlighten some discussed issues such as to support animal welfare, consumer health, and ecological equilibrium. In this review, the latest improvements in feed formulation with much attention on metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP), feeding systems and feed presentation, use of feed additives to enhance feed use and broiler performance are discussed.
7
Hawlader, M. N. A., and Zakaria Mohd Amin. "Conversion of Seawater to Fresh Water: An Experiment With a Solar Assisted Heat Pump." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54162.
Full textAbstract:
Seawater desalination is one of the most suitable areas for the utilization of solar thermal energy due to the coincidence, in many places of the world, of water scarcity, seawater availability and good levels of solar irradiation. The solar assisted heat pump provides a new horizon in the seawater desalination. Experiments were conducted on solar assisted heat pump desalination system under meteorological conditions of Singapore. This system uses two types of flat-plate solar collectors. One is called evaporator-collector which is entirely unglazed. The other type is single-glazed collector used for feed water heating. A single stage MED (multi-effect distillation) evaporator is used in this system and the refrigerant R134a is used in the heat pump. The system has a Performance Ratio (PR) of around 1.3 and water production capability of 0.6 to 0.9 kg/hr. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the heat pump reaches a maximum value of about 9 for the meteorological conditions of Singapore.
8
Lee, Chun-I., Huan-Ruei Shiu, Wen-Chen Chang, and Fang-Hei Tsau. "Parameter Study of Steam Methanol Reforming With Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst in a Microchannel Reactor." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85153.
Full textAbstract:
Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effect of methanol conversion and hydrogen product of a microchannel methanol steam reformer under various parameter conditions. In this simulation, the wall temperature of reactor (Tw), inlet flow rate of reactant, the different S/C ratios (steam to carbon ratio) and the thickness of the catalyst layer were taken into account to analyze product concentration and conversion rates along the channel length. The methanol conversion for methanol steam reforming on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was carried out at reaction temperature ranging from 200 to 260° under an atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the reaction schemes considered the methanol steam reforming reaction and the reverse water gas-shift reaction. Regarding the distribution analysis of methanol reforming, the methanol conversion (η) and the product of hydrogen increase with the increase in wall temperature from 200 to 260°C and lower reactant flow rates. However, the result shows the methanol conversion increases and the hydrogen product decreases with less feed-in amount of methanol as the higher S/C. Additionally, the methanol conversion increase with higher thickness of catalyst layer from 10 to 70μm. The product of hydrogen, therefore, reaches a consistent distribution above 40μm along the channel length. Nevertheless, all of the operation parameter of exhaust stream at the reformer exit has the following composition: 75% H2, 24% CO2 and less than 1% CO. This research attempts to reveal a simplified methanol reforming model, which analyze the significant behavior and product distribution in qualitative/quantitative along the channel.
9
Tran, Thomas T. D., Keunhan Park, and Amanda D. Smith. "Performance Analysis for Pressure Retarded Osmosis: Experimentation With High Pressure Difference and Varying Flow Rate, Considering Exposed Membrane Area." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67290.
Full textAbstract:
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a process for renewable energy conversion that makes use of a salinity gradient between two bodies of water. A semipermeable membrane separates two solutions: the draw solution, with higher salinity, and the feed solution, with lower salinity. In this study, three system design choices for bench-scale PRO systems were investigated: mesh spacer opening area, hydraulic pressure difference, and relative flow rates. Mesh spacers provide mechanical support to the membrane, but can reduce the water flux. Moreover, the water flux behavior at high hydraulic pressure difference is shown to be nonlinear, departing from the theoretically predicted water flux, which is based on a linear model. The ratio of feed solution flow rate to draw solution flow rate also determines PRO performance. Experimental data from a bench-scale system is used to present design-relevant information for optimizing PRO systems toward higher power densities.
10
Berahim, Nor Hafizah, and Akbar Abu Seman. "CO2 Utilization: Converting Waste into Valuable Products." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210729-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which includes conversion to valuable products, is a complex modern issue with many perspectives. In recent years, the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for synthetic applications in the chemical and fuel sectors via reduction reactions has piqued interest. If the hydrogen is created using a renewable energy source, catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is the most viable and appealing alternative among the existing CO2-recycling solutions. CO2 hydrogenation has many chemical paths depending on the catalyst, and multiple value-added hydrocarbons can be generated. This research looks into a catalyst development for converting high CO2 gas field into methane and alcohols. The study focused on catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst while in the case of alcohols using Cu based catalyst. Both catalysts were synthesized via impregnation techniques where the aqueous precursors’ solution were impregnated on the oxide supports, stirred, filtered and washed. The samples were then dried, ground and calcined. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques (e.g., TPR, FESEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD) for their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation was performed using a fixed bed reactor at various factors such as temperature, pressure, feed gas ratio and space velocity. The experimental findings indicate that conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst resulted in >84% CO2 conversion with 99% methane selectivity in the range of temperature 280 – 320 °C and at atmospheric pressure. In the case of hydrogenation of CO2 to alcohols, the catalytic performance of Cu based catalyst exhibited CO2 conversion of >11% and selectivity towards alcohols, C1 and C2, both at 4% with reaction temperature of 250 °C and pressure 30 bar. These findings revealed that methane could easily be formed from CO2 as compared to alcohol. However, both technology conversions are dependent on the catalyst selection and its’ activity. Process parameters need to be optimized to maximize targeted product formation and suppress the side products.