Journal articles: 'Feed processing – Evaluation'

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Bakshi, M. P. S., and J. P. Fontenot. "Processing and nutritive evaluation of broiler litter as livestock feed." Animal Feed Science and Technology 74, no. 4 (1998): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00181-3.

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Deaville, E. R. "Influence of feed processing on the in vitro fermentation profiles of ruminant feeds using the gas production technique." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960002883x.

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As feed evaluation methods for ruminants move towards a more dynamic approach of assessing nutrient supply, in order to reflect the complex nature and microbial intervention in the digestion process in ruminant animals, it is becoming increasingly important to predict the rate, extent and site of digestion. Presently the main method for measuring feed degradation is the in situ polyester bag technique. However, it is now known that this method is not appropriate for starch rich feeds due to the loss of fine particles. An alternative approach is to measure the rumen fermentation kinetics using the gas production technique as this may also give a better estimate of energy available for microbial growth. An experiment was undertaken to study the influence of feed processing on the fermentation profiles of ruminant feeds using an automated gas production system.

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Choi, Janghan, Lucy Wang, Emily Ammeter, et al. "Evaluation of lipid matrix microencapsulation for intestinal delivery of thymol in weaned pigs." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 1 (2019): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz176.

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Abstract Essential oils (EO) are defined as plant-derived natural bioactive compounds, which can have positive effects on animal growth and health due to their antimicrobial and antioxidative properties. However, EO are volatile, can evaporate quickly, and be rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Also, due to their labile nature, the stability of EO during feed processing is often questionable, leading to variations in the final concentration in feed. Encapsulation has become one of the most popular methods of stabilizing EO during feed processing, storage, and delivery into the lower gut. The objectives of the present study were to 1) evaluate the stability of thymol microencapsulated in combination with organic acids in commercially available lipid matrix microparticles during the feed pelleting process and storage; 2) validate and demonstrate the slow release of thymol from the lipid matrix microparticles in a simulated pig gastric fluid (SGF) and a simulated pig intestinal fluid (SIF); and 3) evaluate in vivo release of thymol from the lipid matrix microparticles along the pig gut. The results showed that thymol concentration was not significantly different in the mash and pelleted feeds (P &gt; 0.05). In the in vitro study, 26.04% thymol was released in SGF, and the rest of the thymol was progressively released in SIF until completion, which was achieved by 24 h. The in vivo study showed that 15.5% of thymol was released in the stomach, and 41.85% of thymol was delivered in the mid-jejunum section. Only 2.21% of thymol was recovered in feces. In conclusion, the lipid matrix microparticles were able to maintain the stability of thymol during a feed pelleting process and storage and allow a slow and progressive intestinal release of thymol in weaned pigs.

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Maslachah, Lilik, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, and Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Aplikasi Teknologi Inseminasi Buatan, Pengolahan Pakan , Biofarmaka Dan Limbah Dalam Upaya Pengembangan Sentra Kambing Di Kecamatan Kerek Dan Merakurak Kabupaten Tuban." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 4, no. 2 (2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.28219.

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ABSTRACT Community empowerment of the goat farming group in Kerek and Merakurak, Tuban aims to improve the knowledge of artificial insemination technology of goats, processing agricultural and plantation waste products for goat feed,processing and using medicinal plants and processing goat’s faeces waste to become environmentally-friendly fertilizer. Methods: observing the location, interviewing and discussing with the leader of the group to clarify the problems faced by goat farmers. Education given by seminar and training by demos of artificial insemination, complete feed processing, bio-pharmaceutical preparation and waste processing. Evaluation and monitoring the success of the sustainability program cooperating with local animal husbandry department for assistance by field operators serving on the area. The output of TTG is transformation of artificial insemination technology of goats. Knowledge and understanding of farmers about how to process complete feed for goats. Making bio pharmaceutical preparation independently. Production of environmentally-friendly fertilizer. Keywords: artificial insemination; bio-pharmaceutical; complete feed; waste product

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Morad, M. M., M. M. A. El-Sharabasy, and S. M. A. bdel-Samie. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TWO SYSTEMS FOR MIXING AND PROCESSING FEED ADDITIVES AND CONCENTRATES." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 29, no. 2 (2012): 611–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2012.102275.

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Ponomarev, Sergey Vladimirovich, Olga Aleksandrovna Levina, Aliya Baymuratovna Akhmedzhanova, et al. "Evaluation of the effectiveness and productive effect of various dry combined feeds on the functional state of aquaculture objects under conditions of recircular systems." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2105-04.

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The shortage of fish feed of domestic production is one of the limiting factors for increasing the volume of fish production. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of granulated-extruded feed “BIFFINE” (Russia) in comparison with the extruded feed of the wellknown foreign brand “COPPENS” (the Netherlands) in the cultivation of African clary catfish and a hybrid of tilapia in a closed water supply system. The analysis of fish-breeding and biological indicators, as well as the assessment of the physiological state of the raised fish, was carried out. Comparative analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum did not reveal significant differences. The evaluation of the feeding efficiency revealed slightly higher indicators of tilapia growth (p<0.05) and some physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of the fish group that consumed Russian feed. The results of the study of white blood cells in the blood of the tilapia hybrid showed that the composition of white blood cells is dominated by lymphocytes (80.0–90.0%), monocytes (3.5–5.0%), neutrophils (6.5–11.0%) and basophils (0.5– 1.3%); a significant increase in glucose levels was found, which indicates the activation of the process of digestion of the carbohydrate part of the diet. In juvenile clary catfish, the stimulation of protein and glucose biosynthesis was noted, which indicates the optimization of protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, when feeding fish with feed from different manufacturers, no differences were found in the functional state of the cultivated fish species. The tested brands of mixed feeds have a high nutritional value, which was confirmed by the obtained data of fishbreeding and biological indicators. However, it should be borne in mind that the technology of making mixed feed “BIFFINE” has the following advantage-soft processing of feed components of animal origin with the preservation of the native properties of protein, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and other essential nutrients, and the destruction of starch during hard processing by temperature and pressure to easily digestible carbohydrates, is performed separately.

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LOPES, NOEL, and BERNARDETE RIBEIRO. "AN EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE FEED-FORWARD NETWORKS ON GPUs." International Journal of Neural Systems 21, no. 01 (2011): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065711002638.

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The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) originally designed for rendering graphics and which is difficult to program for other tasks, has since evolved into a device suitable for general-purpose computations. As a result graphics hardware has become progressively more attractive yielding unprecedented performance at a relatively low cost. Thus, it is the ideal candidate to accelerate a wide variety of data parallel tasks in many fields such as in Machine Learning (ML). As problems become more and more demanding, parallel implementations of learning algorithms are crucial for a useful application. In particular, the implementation of Neural Networks (NNs) in GPUs can significantly reduce the long training times during the learning process. In this paper we present a GPU parallel implementation of the Back-Propagation (BP) and Multiple Back-Propagation (MBP) algorithms, and describe the GPU kernels needed for this task. The results obtained on well-known benchmarks show faster training times and improved performances as compared to the implementation in traditional hardware, due to maximized floating-point throughput and memory bandwidth. Moreover, a preliminary GPU based Autonomous Training System (ATS) is developed which aims at automatically finding high-quality NNs-based solutions for a given problem.

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Lichovník, Jiří, Šárka Malotová, and Jan Zelinka. "Effect of Laser Processing Parameters on Cut Quality after Engraving." Technological Engineering 16, no. 1 (2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2019-0002.

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Abstract The article deals with the quality evaluation of engraved surfaces of selected materials after application of CO2 E4060 laser. A machined steel was chosen steel ČSN 11 373, engraving was carried out on aluminium alloy EN AW 7075, plexiglass XT, plywood and cardboard. Engraving was performed under predetermined power conditions and laser feed rates. Marking of metallic materials was made after applying the marking paste LMM 6000. The evaluation was made on the basis of a visual inspection and then a suitable combination of parameters was chosen for individual materials.

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Hamid, Iwan Sahrial, and Faisal Fikri. "Improvement of Feed Processing Skills using Probiotics in Glondok and Panggang Village Communities, Banyuwangi." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 4, no. 1 (2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol4.iss1.2021.170-174.

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This community empowerment aimed to introduce probiotics and improve breeders' skills in processing feed. Community empowerment activities that have been carried out include providing probiotics for ruminants which are given directly to breeders by visiting the location of the beef cattle pen. The community empowerment program was carried out for 5 months including counseling, training, evaluation, and training for cadres. From the evaluation results, there was an increase in affective from 20% to 60%, cognitive from 28% to 75%, and psychomotor from 8% to 80%. The cadres who were assigned will be assisted so that the development of livestock after being given probiotics can be monitored continuously.

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Kese, A. G., A. Donkoh, C. C. Atuahene, and C. Nkansah. "EVALUATION OF METHODS OF PROCESSING CHAYA LEAF MEAL (CLM) IN TERMS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ON PERFORMANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CHICKS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 16 (January 5, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v16i.1908.

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Four processing methods, air drying, oven (mechanical) drying, fermentation and parboiling of chaya leaves, were evaluated for their effect on the chemical composition of the resulting dry leaves. They were evaluated further in terms of performance and some physiological parameters using 450 day-old cockerels. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in chemical composition of the chaya leaf meal due to method of processing with the exception of the hydrogen cyanide content which were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the air dried and fermented meals. The feeding of diets incorporating 50g/kg feed of the variously processed chaya leaf meal did not significantly (P >0.05) affect final body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency, water intake and mortality of chicks, as compared to a chaya-free (control) diet. Treatment differences in blood cellular elements of chicks were not significant (P >0.05). Histological observations on the liver of chaya-fed birds indicated no morphological or gross issue changes.

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Schechter, LeeAnn, Randy Deskin, Amy Essenfeld, Bruce Bernard, Marvin Friedman, and Elizabeth Grube. "Evaluation of the Toxicological Risk Associated with the Use of Poly aery lamides in the Recovery of Nutrients from Food Processing Waste (II)." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 14, no. 1 (1995): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819509008679.

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Experiments were conducted using radiolabeled acrylamide and liquid scintillation counting methods to determine how acrylamide monomer would partition during the solid/liquid separation and subsequent rendering of a poultry processing waste. Due to its nutritive value, the rendered solids from such a full-scale food processing waste operation could potentially be used as a component of animal feed. Previous studies were unable to directly measure acrylamide in the solids samples after separation. Based on the analytical data herein, ∼1% of the original radiolabel administered to the waste system was detected in the rendered solids. In a full-scale food processing waste operation, this would represent a maximum level of 0.3 ppb acrylamide in the final animal feed with more typical levels, reflecting industry use, being ∼0.05 ppb. These levels are an order of magnitude less than those calculated in the previous experiment, confirming the associated risk as de minimis.

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Rehman, Waheed, Waheed Zeb, Amir Muhammad, Wajid Ali, and Mohammad Younas. "Osmotic distillation and quality evaluation of sucrose, apple and orange juices in hollow fiber membrane contactor." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2017): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq150720035r.

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Sucrose solution, apple and orange juices were concentrated through osmotic distillation (OD) process using a mini-module Liqui-CelTM hollow fibre membrane contactor. Mass transport characteristics of water molecules from feed to stripping solution were studied. Process parameters such as feed temperature, feed flow rate and concentration of stripping solution (CaCl2) were varied. Sucrose solution was concentrated from 135 to 510 g TSS kg-1 in 340 min using feed-in- -lumen flow configuration at a start-up water flux of 0.250 L m-2 h-1 and a temperature of 30?C. Similarly, it was concentrated up to 510 g TSS kg-1 in 200 min using feed-in-shell flow configuration at a start-up water flux of 0.505 L m-2 hr1 and a temperature of 30?C. In a total recycle time of 340 min, clarified apple and orange juices were concentrated up to 500 g TSS kg-1 using feed-in-lumen flow configuration at a start-up water flux of 0.204 and 0.294 L m-2 hr1, respectively. It was found that quality parameters of fruit juices were well improved after the osmotic distillation process. The process therefore has good potential for application in the fruit processing industry for concentration of fruit juices.

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Givens, D. I., J. L. De Boever, and E. R. Deaville. "The principles, practices and some future applications of near infrared spectroscopy for predicting the nutritive value of foods for animals and humans." Nutrition Research Reviews 10, no. 1 (1997): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr19970006.

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AbstractThe current application and future potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the evaluation of foods for domesticated animals and humans is enormous. Where used, NIR spectroscopy has revolutionized the analysis and nutritional evaluation of animal feeds and human foods by providing a rapid means of examination. The availability of accurate and rapid methods of evaluation is becoming increasingly important to meet the nutritional requirements of animals for meat, milk, wool and egg production. This is essential for efficient and economic animal production, to maintain animal health and to minimize environmental impact. Accurate evaluation methods are also needed in relation to national and international legislation that regulates the circulation, trade and inspection of foods and feeds, aids effective functioning of the market and guards the safety of animals and humans. The aim of this review is to outline the theory and principles of NIR spectroscopy and to focus primarily on its application in the field of animal nutrition. The vital role NIR spectroscopy is playing in the prediction of biologically meaningful feed characteristics, including data derived in vivo, is demonstrated particularly through its application to forage evaluation, but also in the examination of raw materials and compound feeds. While the applications of NIR spectroscopy to different foods and drinks are extensive, this review gives an overview only of selected reported applications including its use for predicting nutritive value (mainly water, protein, fat, sucrose and starch content), monitoring food processing and for food authentication. The review provides clear evidence that the future application of NIR spectroscopy will undoubtedly increase, playing a vital role in the authentication of the quality and origin of foods and feeds and enabling the complex methods of feed evaluation required in the future to be put into widespread use.

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Cui, Fengkui, Yongxiang Su, Shaoke Xu, Fei Liu, and Guolin Yao. "Optimization of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Spline Surface Fabricated by High-Speed Cold Roll Beating Based on Taguchi Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8068362.

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The aim of this work is to control the physical and mechanical properties of a spline surface and achieve a reasonable choice of high-speed cold roll-beating processing parameters. The surface residual stress and surface work hardening at the indexing circle serve as the main evaluation indices of the physical and mechanical properties of the spline surface. The influence degree of the processing parameters on each evaluation index is analyzed using Taguchi theory. An optimized model for improving the Taguchi process capability index that combines Taguchi theory with entropy theory is established, and the integral process capacity index is optimized via the generalized price reduction gradient method. The results of the optimization and the verification test are implemented in a high-speed cold roll forming test for comparison. The results show that the influence of processing parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of the splash surface of the cold roll can be ordered as follows: feed rate > roll round radius > cold roll-beating speed. In addition, the spline surface physical and mechanical properties of the optimal processing parameters were obtained for the combination of a cold rolling speed of 1581 r/mm, feed rate of 42 mm/min, and roll round radius of 2 mm.

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özdemir, Mustafa. "Optimization with Taguchi Method of Influences on Surface Roughness of Cutting Parameters in CNC Turning Processing." Mechanics 25, no. 5 (2019): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.25.5.23005.

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In this study, the effect of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on surface roughness was experimentally examined in the processing of AISI 409 (ferritic chromium stainless steel) material. As cutting parameters, three cutting speeds (200, 300, and 400 m/min), three feed rates (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm/rev), and three depths of cut (1, 2 and 3 mm) were selected. Turning tests in CNC machine were made according to Taguchi L27 orthogonal array and the signal/noise (S/N) ratios were used in the evaluation of the experimental results. By using Taguchi method, cutting parameters giving the optimum surface roughness (Ra and Rz) values were determined. The effect of control factors on the results was found with the help of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). According to ANOVA results, the most important parameters affecting the surface roughness were determined as feed rate, depth of cut, and cutting speed, respectively. By conducting validation tests, the optimization was observed to be applied successfully.

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Luo, Hong Yun, Zhi Yuan Han, and Qun Peng Zhong. "Evaluation of Burnished Subsurface Mechanical Behavior Using Nanoindentation." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.546.

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The performance and life of machined components in service are mainly effect by their surface integrity. Burnishing process is a kind of chipless processing which improve the surface integrity obviously. A subsurface “hardness film” is formed during the processing. Subsurface mechanical behavior is the main part of surface integrity. Since the very small scale of the subsurface in burnished surface nanoindentation is used to identify how the local changes of microstructure influence the hardness distributions of subsurface mechanical properties. This study focuses on the relationships between burnishing parameters (burnishing feed and burnishing depth) and nanohardness. A series of burnishing processing experiments and nanoindentation tests were conducted on the surface of the burnished samples. The microstructure and nanoindentation research results indicate that there is no visible phase transformed region in the subsurface of burnished specimens, the hardening film is larger than 4 micro meters, the nanohardness is about 2.2~3.5Gpa which depends on the burnishing parameters and distribution and position of the second phase particles, while the nanohardness in turned material is about 1.8Gpa.

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Xia, Qin Xiang, Ying Pin Wang, Ning Yuan, and Xiu Quan Cheng. "Study on Spinning of Pentagonal Cross-Section Hollow-Part Based on Orthogonal Experiment Design." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.783.

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The investigation of the effect of processing parameters on forming quality has been one of the highlight researches in spinning. The thickness distribution is an important criterion to evaluate the forming quality. Spinning force affects the processing and equipment design greatly. Combining with the FEA simulation and orthogonal test method, taking the maximum reduction ratio in thickness of workpiece and the maximum spinning force as the evaluation criterion, the esequence of the main forming parameters, such as the feed rate and roundness radius of roller, and the relative height of workpiece were analyzed based on an orthogonal scheme of three-factor and three-level. Both FEA simulation and experiment results show that, during the pentagonal section hollow-part spinning, the influence sequence on the maximum reduction ratio in thickness is relative height of workpiece, feed rate and roundness radius of roller; the influence sequence on the maximum spinning force is relative height of workpiece, roundness radius of roller and feed rate.

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Gerrits, Walter J., Marijke A. Schop, and Sonja de Vries. "309 ASAS-EAAP Talk: Modelling digestion kinetics: the next step in the evaluation of feed ingredients." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.082.

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Abstract There is increasing importance of upcycling of low-opportunity-cost feed, food waste, and food processing byproducts into animal products, strongly increasing the variation in the nutritional quality of feed ingredients. Traditionally, feed ingredients are evaluated based on their measured extent of digestion. Increasing awareness that not only the total yield of nutrients, but also their absorption kinetics, affect their metabolic fate after absorption, and a growing body of evidence of complex interactions taking place inside the gastro-intestinal tract urges development of new approaches. In a recently developed approach (Schop, 2020), we propose a combination of in vitro methodology and dynamic modelling of the digestion process as an alternative to conventional feed ingredient evaluation, and made the first steps in the development of such a system. The digestion potential, evaluated in vitro, is considered as the true property of feed ingredients. Then, prediction of digesta transit, nutrient hydrolysis and absorption, following the intake of a complete feed, determines the extent to which the digestion potential of each ingredient is exploited. The dynamic, mechanistic model developed by Schop for growing pigs comprises 48 state variables representing dietary nutrients, hydrolysis products, endogenous components, and microbial biomass. Driving variables are ingested nutrients from feed ingredients, characterized in vitro (solubility, undegradable fraction, maximum rate of digestion). Passage of digesta is modelled as a function of nutrient solubility, diet viscosity and feed intake. The extent of protein digestion and extent and rate of starch digestion, but not absorption of amino acids, were adequately predicted by the model. Future efforts should focus on modelling digesta properties and transit, translation of in vitro digestion kinetic data and generating reliable in vivo data on nutrient absorption kinetics across feed ingredients. Schop, T.A. 2020 Modelling digestion kinetics in pigs. Predicting nutrient absorption based on diet and ingredient properties. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL.

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Mukherjee, Rajib, Rekha Reddy Asani, Narendra Boppana, and Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi. "Performance evaluation of shale gas processing and NGL recovery plant under uncertainty of the feed composition." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 83 (November 2020): 103517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103517.

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Schelin, J., G. Andersson, H. Vigre, et al. "Evaluation of pre-PCR processing approaches for enumeration of Salmonella enterica in naturally contaminated animal feed." Journal of Applied Microbiology 116, no. 1 (2013): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.12337.

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., P. N. Okafor, and N. O. Anyanwu . "Enzyamtic and Oven-drying Method of Processing Rubber Seeds for Animal Feed and the Evaluation of the Toxicity of Such Feed in Rats." Asian Journal of Biochemistry 1, no. 2 (2006): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2006.125.130.

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Baek, Seung Hee, and Insik Nam. "Evaluation of the effects of seasonal raw materials and processing stages in feed mills implementing the HACCP system on mycotoxin content in feed." Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 1 (2021): e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e7.

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Ryvak, Н. P., G. I. Boyko, and R. O. Ryvak. "COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF SOYBEAN AND SUNFLOWER PROCESSING PRODUCTS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 22, no. 1 (2021): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2021-22-1.23.

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The literature review of the article presents the characteristics of the protein value of plant feed materials, in particular, of soybean and sunflower processing products, depending on the production technology. Their amino acid composition ideally meets the needs of young animals and poultry due to the high content of essential amino acids. The section «Materials and methods» presents methods for determining: crude protein by the Kjeldahl method, soluble protein in 0.2% potassium hydroxide, Barnstein protein, falsification of protein products with inorganic nitrogen, as well as characteristics of methods for determining the content of essential and non-essential amino acids, incl. sulfur-containing, using the system of capillary electrophoresis «Drops-105M». As a result of the research it was found that of the total number of analyzed samples of soybean meal in terms of protein content, 30.8% of products did not meet the declared values of producers and were in the range of 37.4 - 40.8%, in terms of protein solubility were in the range of 75 - 78%, which meets the norms of feeding.In addition, 5.0% of the total number of samples analyzed, were falsified after Bard alcohol, falsification of inorganic nitrogen was not found. The use of low-protein raw materials for the production of sunflower meal and cake was reflected in their protein content and ranged from 26.3 to 33.7%. Fermented soybean product and toasted soybean meal are characterized by a higher total content of essential amino acids in the protein, which was 26.3% and 27.2%, respectively, compared with full-fat expanded soybean expanded, where this figure was at 20.25%, and prevailed other analyzed products by methionine, threonine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, alanine etc. The analyzed sample of sunflower meal, produced by a special technology is equivalent in total amino acid content in the studied soy products. Its content of methionine was 1.5 and 2.1 times higher, compared with toasted soybean meal and full-fat soybean, respectively. Also, the content of threonine, glycine, cystine, tryptophan, aspartic and glutamic acids in the sample of sunflower meal prevailed the content of the same amino acids in soybean products. Thus, the comprehensive assessment of plant protein components makes it possible to control not only the quantitative content of protein and amino acids, but also provides a detailed assessment of feeding.

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Howgrave-Graham, Alan R., Helen A. Isherwood, and F. Mike Wallis. "Evaluation of Two Upflow Anaerobic Digesters Purifying Industrial Wastewaters High in Organic Matter." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (1994): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0485.

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Two full-scale anaerobic digesters, one a clarigester purifying a maize processing wastewater and the other with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) configuration treating brewery effluent, contained well settling, granular sludges efficient in pollutant removal. Due to differences in both digester design and feed composition, the sludges differed in activity and microbial population. The clarigester granules contained a diverse population with a multiformity of hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic bacteria while the predominant methanogens, in order of significance, were Methanothrix and Methanosarcina. These granules did not reconstitute on re-start up following digester shutdown and possible reasons for this are discussed. The UASB granules contained a more uniform population with three major microbial morphotypes, the predominant methanogens being Methanothrix and, possibly, Methanobacterium. In this paper the differences in digester design, feed composition, sludge microbiology and process performance are discussed.

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Fonseca, Ronaldo Almeida, Francisco Das Chagas Olegario Júnior, and Mauricio Guimarães Bergerman. "EVALUATION OF THE ROUGHER FEED AND CONCENTRATE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FROM THE SALOBO SULPHIDE COPPER ORE PROCESSING PLANT." HOLOS 6 (December 5, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2017.6524.

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Schechter, LeeAnn, Bruce K. Bernard, Frank W. Barvenik, et al. "Evaluation of the Toxicological Risk Associated with the Use of Polyacrylamides in the Recovery of Nutrients from Food Processing Waste (I)." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 13, no. 4 (1994): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819409140598.

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Trivalent metal ions such as iron and aluminum are currently employed to flocculate liquid-borne solids from food-processing waste streams. These captured nutrient-rich waste solids are disposed of mainly through land applications (e.g., subsoil injection) because of the potential toxicity associated with the metal salts. Low-toxicity, water-soluble polyacrylamide polymers are currently approved for and employed as flocculants in potable water applications. The use of these polymers in food-processing waste streams could enable the captured solids to be recycled as components of animal feed, thus decreasing the burden on landfills and making good use of the proteinaceous matrix. However, polyacrylamides contain very low concentrations of acryl-amide monomer, which is highly toxic and can cause neurotoxicity, cytogenic lesions, and an increase in tumor rates in experimental animals. With use of two industrial food processing wastes, experiments were conducted to determine how acrylamide monomer would partition during a solids/liquid separation and subsequent rendering. Based on the analytical data, 96% of the acrylamide monomer was measured in the water portion after separation. Because of background interferences, acrylamide could not be directly measured in the solids portion. With use of these results and worst-case calculations, <2 ppb of acrylamide could be present in animal feed, thereby making the associated risk de minimis.

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Komariyati, Komariyati, W. Padmarsari, and Surachman Surachman. "Upaya Penanganan Limbah Olahan Ikan Menjadi Pakan Ternak Unggas dan Pupuk Organik Cair." Jurnal Pengabdi 1, no. 1 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jplp2km.v1i1.25469.

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Fish processed waste is an environmental problem for fish processing business in Kuala Secapah village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. This activity is an integration between the handling of fish processing waste into poultry feed and liquid organic fertilizer and efforts to improve nutrition and income of fish processors and marketers. Implementation of activities includes several stages: socialization, training, mentoring and monitoring evaluation. The indicator of the success of the activity can be seen from (1) the high entrepreneurial spirit for the fish processing and marketing group, (2) increased sales turnover through the management of production systems. The long-term goal of this activity is to become a model of eco friendly fish processing business and become a model of community development for related institutions.

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Bremer, Maria G. E. G., Rob J. C. F. Margry, Judith C. H. Vaessen, et al. "Evaluation of a Commercial ELISA for Detection of Ruminant Processed Animal Proteins in Non-Ruminant Processed Animal Proteins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 96, no. 3 (2013): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-556.

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Abstract Due to a growing aquaculture industry, demand for high-quality proteins for aquatic feeds is increasing. Non-ruminant processed animal proteins (PAPs) have shown great potential for this purpose. Safe reintroduction of non-ruminant PAPs in aqua feed requires methods that can discriminate ruminant and non-ruminant PAPs at contamination levels at or below 2%. Because the official European Union method lacks species specificity, the performance of MELISA-TEK™ Ruminant, a commercial immunoassay, combined with the MELISA-TEK High Sensitivity Sample Extraction kit was evaluated. Various non-ruminant PAPs spiked with ruminant PAPs (processed at 133, 137, 141, and 145°C) were analyzed. Results showed an overall specificity of 99%, indicating no cross-reaction with non-ruminant PAPs. The sensitivity of the assay strongly depended on both processing temperature and proportion of muscle fibers of the ruminant PAPs. Overall sensitivity of samples with 1 and 2% ruminant PAPs was 92 and 100%, respectively. For ruminant PAPs processed at 133 and 137°C, the sensitivity was 100% for both 1 and 2% ruminant spikes. Overall accuracies were 96 and 99% for 1 and 2% ruminant spikes, respectively. In conclusion, the MELISA-TEK Ruminant assay showed satisfactory results, which makes it a suitable candidate method to enable safe reintroduction of non-ruminant PAPs in aqua feed.

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Champ, M., and J. Delort-Laval. "Effects of processing on chemical characteristics and nutritive value of cereals." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019711.

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A large variety of processes - physical, chemical and/or biotechnological - is currently applied to cereals (Table 1).Among physical treatments, grinding is the most comnon ; it does not modify the chemical characteristics of the grains but improves the accessibility of the enzymes of the gut to their substrates by disrupting endosperm and aleuron cell walls. Thus, milling exposes the interior parts of the grain to the digestive enzymes. Some physical processing of barley grain, such as rolling, is necessary to give optimum digestion of the nutrients by cattle (ORSKOV, 1976). This treatment, applied to barley, appears to be beneficial for young species (KREFT and BOYLES, 1989). Pigs eat whole or very coarsely milled grain reluctantly (MAXWELL et al., 1970) and utilize whole barley poorly (LAWRENCE, 1970). For this reason, barley grain is commonly milled before feeding. Grinding of maize using a roller mill does not modify average daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion and fattening time of pigs. However, sensory evaluation tests, meat from control pigs fed untreated maize is preferred to meat from pigs given rolled maize (ITOH et al., 1986). However, finely ground barley causes a strong increase in the frequency of oesophagogastric lesions whereas diets countaining coarsely ground barley or crushed oats caused few lesions. Balance trials on lamb indicate that whole maize have more digestible, metabolizable and net energy than ground maize (BONSEMBIANTEE et al., 1988).

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Suprayudi, Muhamad Agus, Fatma Hajiali, Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo, Julie Ekasari, and Ichsan Fauzi. "Evaluation of Smoked Skipjack Processing Byproduct Meal as an Alternative Feed Ingredient for Juvenile Humpback Grouper Cromileptes altivelis." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 23, no. 1 (2016): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2015.08.002.

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Papadopoulos, M. C. "Biological evaluation of the effect of processing conditions on feather meal amino acid digestibility." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, no. 3 (1985): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v33i3.16850.

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Feathers were autoclaved for 30, 50 or 70 min without addition or with 0.4% sodium hydroxide or 0.4% proteolytic enzyme. Groups of 7 young male chickens were given feather meal as their only feed in 3 doses at intervals of 3 h. Excreta were collected during 36 h from the first intake of feather meal. Amino acid concentrations in ileal digesta were estimated 2.5 h after the last intake of feather meal and plasma amino acids were estimated 1 h after the last intake. There was considerable variation in true digestibility between individual amino acids ranging from 36% for aspartic acid to 87% for isoleucine. Mean true digestibility of lysine was 49, histidine 53, methionine 63 and cystine 49%. Amino acids were increased in the ileum and decreased in plasma as processing time of the feather meal was increased. It was concluded that quantitative digestibility estimations by excreta analysis of the individual amino acids have to be used for evaluation of quality of feather meal. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Ulimbasheva, R. А. "ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING EVALUATION OF RAM HOGS GROWTH OF KARACHAI BREED OF DIFFERENT BIRTH MONTHS." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy, no. 3(50) (September 8, 2020): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2020-3-192-196.

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Meat sheep breeding got a big popularity in recent years, which one of the main ways is production of high quality mutton with least possible working and physical resources. One of the reserves of expansion of output is the use of different processing methods, such as production and sale of lamb meat in birth year with account for lamb birth period. The research aim is to study growth characteristics and feed efficiency by liveweight gain of ram hog of Karachai breed, born in different months- February, March and April. Research for the study of growth characteristics and feed efficiency by liveweight gain on ram hogs of Karchai breed was carried out in conditions of submontane zone of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic. The research object is ram hogs of Karachai breed. During the research analytical, common zoocultural and biometric techniques were used. Lambing ewes in February – March period gave the edge on offsprings in live weight parameters, daily live weight gain and feed efficiency by products. By the end of their superiority over ram-hogs of April birth month was according to liveweight 3,2-4,7 kg (Р>0,999), and according to average daily growth for all the production cycle – 12-17 g (Р>0,999). Production of lamb meat from ram hogs of February- March birth period was less expensive which had for 0,61-0,77 EFU and 61-79 g of digestible protein lower, was less expensive. Lambing ewes in February and March provides the obtainment of more constitutional strong offsprings, which predominate herdmates of April birth according to growth parameters and feed efficiency.

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STRASDINE, G. A., YVONNE M. JONES, R. M. BEAMES, and L. J. FISHER. "AN ASSESSMENT OF ENSILING THE PROCESSING WASTES FROM DOGFISH TO PRODUCE A PROTEIN FEED FOR MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 3 (1988): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-096.

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Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) processing wastes were readily hydrolyzed in the presence of 1.5% formic acid to produce a stable, liquid product free of bones and scales. The rate and the extent of solubilization is temperature dependent. A temperature of 45 °C provided a maximum digestion without denaturing the hydrolytic enzymes present in the fish silage. The resultant acidified product was stable at ambient temperature for 6 mo. The dogfish silage contained 74.4% moisture, 3.0% nitrogen, and 3.4% ash. In a protein evaluation trial with rats the true digestibility of the nitrogen fraction of the silage was estimated to be 93.5%. However, when fed alone, the biological value of the silage was low and was not appreciably improved by the addition of lysine or methionine. It was concluded from this pilot study that waste from the processing of dogfish could be successfully made into fish silage but that the end product would need to be combined with amino acids or other protein concentrates for it to be of value as a supplement for barley in diets for monogastric animals. Key words: Monogastric, dogfish, silage, processing

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Böhm, Ralf, Martin Paulsburg, Tim Hamann, and Jörg Franke. "Low Budget Experimental Setup for Harmonic Detection and Correction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 871 (October 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.871.3.

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Adherance of power quality standards is crucial for electricity network operation and bothindustrial and private customers. However, the transition to electricity supply based on renewable, de-centralized plants which feed in using inverters is accompanied by challenges regarding compliancewith power quality standards. Accordingly, detection and automated processing of relevant variablesof power quality is of increased importance. Digital signal processing offers various approaches of sig-nal evaluation each having individual advantages and disadvantages regarding different power qualityvariables. As a result of incresing decentralized feed in of regenerative plats using inverters, the si-nusoidal fundamental of the power system is distorted and harmonics occur. For elimination of thoseunwanted signal components, a variety of methods is available. Supple- menting current research ac-tivites a laboratory model of an active ﬁlter using low budget prototyping hardware is developed andevaluated. Therefore, an experimental circuit containing a band pass ﬁlter for signal adjustment aswell as a PWM with ampliﬁcation circuit for signal correction have been elaborated. Necessary cal-culations are performed by a standard Atmel microprocessor as used by Arduino Uno, including an8-bit analog to digital converter (ADC).

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Rhea, Nicholas, John Groppo, and Czarena Crofcheck. "Evaluation of Flocculation, Sedimentation, and Filtration for Dewatering of Scenedesmus Algae." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 4 (2017): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12116.

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Abstract. Algae can be used as a feedstock for agricultural fertilizers, livestock and poultry feeds, anaerobic digestion, and biofuel production. For each end product, the requirements for moisture content (or solids content) vary, such that a desirable water removal strategy needs to be adaptable to varying levels of water removal. Flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration were evaluated as possible strategies for thickening and dewatering of algae. The goal of this study was to validate that algae cells treated by such means could be processed by vacuum belt filters and to determine the conditions under which the solids content could be increased to 5 to 25 wt%. The flocculation and sedimentation studies focused on conditions needed to thicken algae from a culture concentration range of 0.4 to 1 g L-1 to an end-product concentration range of 15 to 50 g L-1. Sedimentation rates of were measured with varying flocculant dosages (0 to 25 ppm) for various flocculants. The highest level of compaction was achieved with a synthetic cationic polymeric flocculant with higher molecular weight at a dosage of 15 ppm, which provided 16.3 mL of compacted solids (3.3 wt% solids). Subsequently, solids were successfully separated as a cake via gravity and vacuum filtration. The filtration studies focused on the conditions needed to filter flocculated algae slurry from a concentration range of 15 to 50 g L-1 to a product at a concentration range of 50 to 250 g L-1. Filtration rates of were measured on algae slurry treated with 10 to 15 ppm of a synthetic cationic polymeric flocculant. Processing parameters such as cake formation time, filtration rate, and mass throughput were evaluated against variables such as cake thickness, feed concentration, and processing time. Keywords: Algae, Dewatering, Filtration, Flocculation, Scenedesmus sp., Sedimentation, Thickening.

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Arueya, Gibson L., Bamidele S. Owosen, and Kazeem K. Olatoye. "Development of Texturized Vegetable Protein from Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and African Oil Bean Seed [Pentaclethrama crophylla (Benth)]: Optimization Approach." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 21, no. 1 (2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucft-2017-0007.

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AbstractAs part of measures to combat protein shortages in form of meat analogues, extrusion processing conditions for the development of Texturized Vegetable Protein (TVP) from under-utilized sources (Lima bean and African oil bean seed) are analysed. Optimum parameters for processing were established as being: barrel temperature (92.45°C), screw speed (101.48 rpm), feed moisture (59.63%) and African oil bean seed protein concentrates (AOBSPC) of 1%. Concentrations of essential amino-acids were also found to be significant (0.90-7.3%) with a near absence of anti-nutritional factors (0.0022–1.0008) g/kg. Sensory evaluation showed that TVP5 (100% LBPC) compared favourably with the control sample (cooked meat) in overall acceptability. An Acceptable and nutritious meat analogue had been developed.

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Riauwaty, Morina, Yusni I. Siregar, Isma Muyani, and Indra Lesmana. "Penerapan pakan yang mengandung kunyit pada budidaya ikan lele di Kelurahan Sukamaju Kecamatan Sail, Pekanbaru." Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement 2 (December 30, 2020): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.2.215-221.

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Sukamaju Village that is located in the Sail Sub Regency, Pekanbaru is potential for developing fish culture. The knowedge of the community in fish culturing method, however, is relatively low and to improve it, a socialization program has been conducted in July-September 2020. The community was trained to culture fish and fed the fish with turmeric enriched pellets through mentorial and practice in fish feed pellet manufacture and fish rearing. The progress was monitored weekly and evaluated by the 8th week. Results shown that the community was able make fish feed pellets and also able to culture the fish. The result of monitoring and evaluation shown that the fish farmer in Sukamaju Village is commited to develop the turmeric enriched fish fed pellet processing as the effort of program sustanability.

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Obionwu, D. C., B. O. Esonu, E. B. Etuk, A. S. Adebanjo, and B. O. Eze. "Evaluation of graded levels of raw and cooked turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) on performance of starter broiler chicks." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (2021): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.735.

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This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of raw and cooked turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) on the performance of starter broiler chicks in a complete randomised design. Turmeric rhizome was washed with water and divided into two batches of 20kg each. The first batch was crushed, then sundried for 3 days. The second batch was cooked for an hour, crushed with a roller and sundried for 3 days. Both the raw and cooked sundried turmeric rhizomes were then ground using a hammer mill to produce raw and cooked turmeric rhizome meal and were bagged respectively. Seven (7) broiler starter diets were formulated to contain raw or cooked turmeric rhizome meal at 0% (control diet), 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% levels, respectively. The diets were offered ad libitum to 189 Cobb broilers which were randomly divided into 7 dietary treatment groups, each containing 3 replicates of 9 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted for 21days. All the routine management practices were duly observed. Daily weight gain, daily feed intake, mortality and feed conversion ratio were used as criteria of response. The results indicated that addition of turmeric rhizome meal had no significant (p>0.05) effect on daily weight gain, daily feed intake, mortality and feed conversion ratio as compared with the control. It was evident that the different processing methods and the dietary levels used had no effect on broiler performance based on the results obtained in this study and within the circumstances of the experiments. It can be concluded that sun-dried raw and cooked turmeric rhizome meal at the dietary levels used did not significantly affect broiler starter performance.

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Solona, Olena, Ihor Kupchuk, Volodymyr Hontar, and Andrii Didyk. "EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF VELOCITY ROTOR REGIMES ON ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION DRIVED BY A VIBRATION DISC CRUSHER." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 4(99) (December 18, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-4-5.

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Among a number of methods for intensifying the process of grinding grain material in the technology of compound feed preparation, one of the most promising can be considered the use of a vibration field, which contributes to the formation of optimal conditions for the timely withdrawal of the finished product from the grinding zone and ensures self-cleaning of the separation surfaces from the remnants of the crushed product (especially when using non-food classes grain), thereby ensuring the maximum throughput of the machine. Given that for grinding in feed production mainly use impact machines, which are adapted to the destruction of solid and at the same time fragile objects, as well as the economic feasibility of processing substandard feed grain, which has completely opposite physical and mechanical characteristics. scheme of vibrating-rotary disk crusher. The essence of the development is to provide a combined force on the material, namely, due to the rotational and vibratory motion of the impact elements of the crusher, a combination of impact destruction and cutting material, which will process both hard and wet material without significantly reducing equipment throughput. In addition, the oscillating mode of the working chamber and, as a consequence, the separation surface will facilitate the timely removal of the finished product from the grinding zone. The next stage of creating a vibrating-rotary crusher, which precedes the design and constructive implementation is to perform theoretical calculations of its parameters, including using the methods of mathematical modeling. Thus, in order to achieve high efficiency of the process of grinding feed by the designed machine, theoretical studies of the relationship between the values of kinematic parameters of the executive bodies and electricity consumption to drive them, the main results of which are presented in the article.

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Khairunnesa, M., MH Jaman, M. Noorunnahar, S. Ahmed, MD Hossain, and ABMR Bostami. "Evaluation of existing poultry processing and marketing in the wet market of Gazipur city in Bangladesh." Progressive Agriculture 31, no. 3 (2021): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v31i3.52125.

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The poultry selling and processing practices followed in the poultry wet markets of Bangladesh are always being overlooked unknowingly. The research was conducted to observe the existing scenario of poultry selling and processing practices at the selected wet markets located in the Gazipur City Corporation of Bangladesh. A total of 43 poultry selling shops were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was surprising to observe the absence of female personnel and involvement of few (6.9%) people over the age of 50 years in the wet markets. All the persons engaged in poultry selling and processing had no institutional training. The shops found to be abstained from following some important practices such as feed withdrawal period, isolation of diseased birds, ante and post mortem inspection. The proper bleeding time (1-2) min was recorded in 58.2% cases. The killing cone was recognized as the best device in terms bleeding time. The 72.1% of the outlets never cleaned the carcass prior to deliver the customers. The absence of ante- and post-mortem inspections may cause a great threat of disease outbreak. Taken together, the poultry selling and processing practices followed in the wet market needs to be assessed carefully to deliver safe and quality meat to the customers. In addition, organizing basic training on pre-slaughter management and processing for both seller and processor and also ensuring the regular ante- and post- mortem inspection could improve the present situation in order to produce quality poultry meat. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 205-217, 2020

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Anyaegbu, B. C., A. C. Ogbonna, O. O. Adedokun, and D. N. Onunkwo. "Dietary evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) as energy source in place of maize in broiler chicken production." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (2020): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.523.

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Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) and its appropriate utilization in chicken diets may enhance performance of broiler chicken. This study was therefore carried out to determine the dietary evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in the diets of finisher broiler production. The objectives of the study were to determine the proximate composition of raw and fermented coco yam tuber meal and their anti-nutrient content (Tannin), cyanide, saponin, phytate and oxalate); to determine the effects of replacement value of maize with different levels of fermented coco yam tuber meal on the growth performance of broilers; to determine the economics of production of broilers using such diets. The fermented cocoyam was used to replace maize at various levels to determine the best level that would give optimal performance in broilers diets. One hundred and fifty (150) agrited finisher Anak broilers at 4 week were used for this experiment. The proximate composition of fermented cocoyam meal showed that it contained 19.15% moisture, 1.30% ash, 3.56% crude protein, 5.30% crude fiber, 1.90% ether extract and 25.48% NFE. In the finisher trial, the replacements were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of FCYM for maize in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broilers at 4 weeks using Completely Ramdomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured include: initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, cost of production and carcass characteristics. In the finisher feeding trial, the broiler group on 25% FCYM recorded the highest body weight gain which was significantly different (P<0.05) from those on the control diet and the rest of the treatment groupsThe internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. The cost of production (N135.28) was lowest for diets 5 (100% FCYM) while the highest was the control treatment. The result of the trial have shown that 4 day fermentation of cocoyam tubers for processing broiler diets was quite an effective method of processing cocoyam tubers for use in broiler diets because fermentation reduced the anti-nutrient contents in cocoyam tubers. It was concluded that fermented cocoyam tuber meal could be used in the diet of finisher broilers up to 100% without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

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Olumide, M. D., A. O. Akinsoyinu, and R. A. Hamzat. "Evaluation of performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry and hematological parameters of broilers fed graded levels of raw cocoa bean shell based diet." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (2021): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.743.

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Competition exists between man and his livestock for conventional feed ingredients like maize. This has necessitated the search for alternative ingredients. Large quantities of cocoa bean shell are produced and wasted annually by farmers and associated processing industries in Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice, in a completely randomised design. The treatments were: A (0% CBS-control diet); B (5% RCBS); C (10% RCBS); D (15% RCBS) and E (20% RCBS). Birds were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of eight weeks. The feed intake and weight gained were monitored. Carcass analysis, serum and hematological parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were determined. Significant differences were observed in the feed intake, the birds fed with the control diet A had the highest feed intake 4556.50gm compared with birds fed diet D and E with mean values of 4177.50gm and 4097.00gm respectively. The highest weight gain was obtained from birds on control diet (1952.00gm) and the lowest from birds with 20% RCBS (1550.00gm, diet E). As the level of inclusion of RCBS increased the feed conversion ratio value increased. The dressed out percentage ranged from 73.67% - 67.00%. Apparent variations in the values obtained for total protein, creatinine, red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume of the birds fed graded levels of RCBS were not significant. However, white blood cells and globulin values increased with increase in the level of CBS in the diet. RCBS could effectively replace up to 10% maize in the diets of broilers without a deleterious effect on broiler chicken.

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M, Duraipandian, and Vinothkanna R. "Smart Digital Mammographic Screening System for Bulk Image Processing." December 2020 2, no. 4 (2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2020.4.003.

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Treating breast cancer is easier at early stages. However, proper diagnosis is essential for this purpose. Mammography helps in early detection of cancer cells. Existence of masses, calcification and mammogram are the evidences that help radiologists in early cancer identification. This paper proposes a smart digital mammographic screening system for processing images in large volumes irrespective of the nature of images. Watershed segmentation is performed based on appropriate selection of internal and external markers using multiple threshold extended maxima transformations in this technique. Distinguishing between healthy breast tissue and masses can be performed efficiently using a two-stage classifier. Extreme Learning Machine based single layer feed forward network along with Bayesian classifier is used for reducing false positive areas. Feature vector with features like texture and contrast are calculated using these approaches. Digital Mammography Screening database (DMS) is created with 100 mammographic images for the purpose of evaluation. Further, online databases like Breast Cancer Database (BCDB) and BreakHis are also used for analysis. Overall sensitivity of the datasets using the Bayesian classifier and Extreme Learning Machine is found to be 85% and 90% respectively.

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Jakšić, Sandra, Milica Živkov Baloš, Jasna Prodanov Radulović, et al. "AFLATOXIN M1 IN MILK AND ASSESSING THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS OCCURRENCE IN MILK PRODUCTS." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 10, no. 1 (2019): 3–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v10i1.80.

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogenic derivative of aflatoxin B1 excreted into the milk after ingestion of contaminated feed. The presenceof AFM1 in milk and milk products is of huge concern for human health. In this paper, the results on long term assessment of AFM1 in milk produced in Serbia are presented. In the period 2013 to 2016, 427 milk samples were examined for AFM1. In 34.4 % of samples, the content of AFM1was higher than 0.05 μg/kg. The article also offers a review of the fate of aflatoxin in milk products during the different operations in milk processing. The evaluation of the influence of processing on AFM1 stability can propose economic strategy for resolving cases of accidents due to AFM-1contamination of milk.

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Fasina, Y. O., G. L. Campbell, and R. T. Tyler. "Whole canola/pea and whole canola/canola meal blends in diets for broiler chickens 1. Evaluation of steam-pelleting or expansion processing." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 2 (1997): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-065.

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Whole canola blended with whole peas (1:1; WCP) or canola meal (3:1; WCC) provide complementary high energy-protein supplements for poultry feeding. Both WPC and WCC blends were fed with or without processing (steam-pelleting or expansion) to broiler chicks in a 14-d feeding trial. Pelleted WCP supported higher body weight gain and feed efficiency than the untreated blend (P < 0.05). Body weight gain and feed efficiency obtained with chicks fed pelleted WCP or WCC were similar to those obtained for the expanded blends (P > 0.05), with notable exception of the expanded WCC which had a lower feeding value. With the pelleted or expanded blends, protein digestibility, N-retention, fat digestibility, and AMEN were comparable or improved over the unprocessed blends, again with the exception of the expanded WCC. The processed blends had higher gelatinized starch, and lower protein solubility and myrosinase activity index. Protein solubility was very low for the expanded WCC, which is indicative of excessive heat damage. Although the expanded blends had lower glucosinolate content, this did not result in improved growth performance over the pelleted blends. It was concluded that the nutritional value of pelleted blends were at least equivalent to that of the expanded WCP and WCC for broiler chicks. Key words: Canola, peas, broiler chicks, expansion, pelleting

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MORAN JR., E. T., E. McMILLAN, W. H. REVINGTON, L. M. POSTE, and C. PATTERSON. "SMALL-TYPE TOM TURKEYS VERSUS HEAVY-TYPE HENS MARKETED AT MEDIUM WEIGHT: PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, SENSORY EVALUATION, AND THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL BASTING OF THE BREAST WITH OIL." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 3 (1987): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-073.

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Small-type tom turkeys and heavy-type hens were reared on a common regimen until 17 wk of age when they attained medium weight (ca. 7–10 kg). Toms progressively gained substantial weight and had a feed conversion advantage throughout the last half of production. Commercial processing led to results where similar relative chilled carcass yields occurred between the sexes. Extensive skin tearing at the back and thigh appeared with hens which could be attributed to an excessive finish. Percentage of breast and thigh as commercial cuts from the carcass and meat yield of these parts was the same for hens and toms. Total cooking loss was similar for both sexes, although hens released additional fat in the process. Fat concentration in the thigh meat was high and was greater with hens than toms. Evaluation of whole carcass appearance and meat eating quality by a trained panel failed to reveal any differences between the small tom and heavy hen. Commercial basting of each sex in the breast with oil during processing increased total cooking loss, fat associated with the loss, fat content of the meat and its eating quality. Key words: Turkey, carcass processing, meat composition, sensory evaluation

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Deckardt, Kathrin, Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-ard, Heinrich Grausgruber, and Qendrim Zebeli. "Evaluation of various chemical and thermal feed processing methods for their potential to enhance resistant starch content in barley grain." Starch - Stärke 66, no. 5-6 (2013): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201300200.

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Jin, Chunhe, and Youngsub Lim. "Optimization and economic evaluation of integrated natural gas liquids (NGL) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing for lean feed gas." Applied Thermal Engineering 149 (February 2019): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.143.

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Sudrajat, Jajat, Komariyati Komariyati, and Supriyanto Supriyanto. "UPAYA PENANGANAN LIMBAH OLAHAN IKAN MENJADI PAKAN TERNAK DAN APLIKASINYA TERHADAP BUDIDAYA TERNAK ITIK." JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 24, no. 1 (2018): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v24i1.9067.

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AbstrakUpaya ini merupakan integrasi antara usaha penanganan limbah pengolahan ikan menjadi pakan ternak dan upaya peningkatan gizi serta pendapatan keluarga kelompok usaha pengolah ikan di Desa Sungai Kakap. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan tim pelaksana berhasil membangkitkan semangat berwirausaha bagi ibu-ibu anggota kelompok usaha olahan ikan yang tergabung dalam Kelompok Lina Sederhana dan kelompok rumah tangga lainnya. Keberhasilan ditunjukkan berupa peningkatan omzet penjualan melalui pengelolaan sistim produksi dan pemasaran sekaligus menjadi model usaha ramah lingkungan. Kegiatan ini dapat menjadi model pembinaan bagi lembaga terkait dalam meningkatkan keuntungan usaha olahan ikan dan mewujudkan model rumah tangga pangan lestari.Kata kunci: limbah olahan ikan, pakan ternak, ternak itikAbstractThis effort is an integration between the handling of fish processing waste as animal feed and the effort to increase the household’s nutrition and income of fish processing business group in Sungai Kakap village. The methods is used in the implementation are socialization, training, mentoring, and monitoring and evaluation. The results showed that the team is successful in generating entrepreneurial spirit for the women of fish processing business group belonging to the Lina Sederhana group and other household groups. The success is shown by increasing sales turnover through the management of production and marketing systems as well as being an environmental friendly business model. This activity can be an empowerment model for government institutions in increasing the profit of fish processing business and realizing the model of sustainable food household.Keywords: fish processed waste, animal feed, ducks

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Bai, Shenghe, Qizhi Yang, Kang Niu, Bo Zhao, Liming Zhou, and Yanwei Yuan. "Discrete Element-Based Optimization Parameters of an Experimental Corn Silage Crushing and Throwing Device." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14463.

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HighlightsA discrete element simulation model was used to improve the performance of a corn silage crushing and throwing device.Feed rate, crushing speed, and dial speed were used as the test factors, and the average cutting force and average energy loss were used as the evaluation indexes in orthogonal testing.The order of significance of the factors was crushing speed &gt; feed rate &gt; dial speed for average cutting force and crushing speed &gt; dial speed &gt; feed rate for average energy loss.Abstract. To improve the performance of a corn silage crushing and throwing device and address the problems of low crushing quality and high power consumption, a discrete element simulation model of a corn silage crushing and throwing device and granular straw was established based on discrete element theory using EDEM, a general-purpose CAE software program designed with modern discrete element model technology to simulate and analyze particle processing and production operations. The average cutting force and average energy loss of the particles were the evaluation indexes, and the influence of feed rate, crushing speed, and dial speed on the evaluation indexes was analyzed using single-factor simulation tests. The order of significance was crushing speed &gt; feed rate &gt; dial speed for the average cutting force and crushing speed &gt; dial speed &gt; feed rate for the average energy loss. Using multi-objective optimization, the optimal combination of feed rate, crushing speed, and dial speed was 3.52 kg s-1, 892.06 rpm, and 1502 rpm, respectively. With the optimal parameters, the average cutting force was 58.20 N and the average energy loss was 0.85 J. To verify the feasibility of the EDEM simulation, field tests were conducted using a trial-produced device, with the acceptability of straw crushing and power consumption as the test indicators. During the field tests, the feed rate, crushing speed, and dial speed were set to 3.52 kg s-1, 890 rpm, and 1500 rpm, respectively. The field tests showed that the acceptability of straw crushing and the power consumption were 93.60% and 6.73 kW·h, respectively, with the optimal parameters, which satisfied the corn silage crushing standard and provides a theoretical and scientific basis for the design and optimization of the device. Keywords: Corn silage, Crushing and throwing device, Discrete element simulation, Motion simulation, Multi-objective optimization method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Feed processing – Evaluation'

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