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Academic literature on the topic 'Feed waste, beef cattle, winter feeding'
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Journal articles on the topic "Feed waste, beef cattle, winter feeding"
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Panhans, Mekenzie H., Katie M. Mason, Mary K. Mullenix, Chris G. Prevatt, Sonia J. Moisá, and Russell B. Muntifering. "Cow–calf performance, forage utilization, and economics of warm-season annual baleage in beef cattle winter feeding systems1." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 1 (2019): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz171.
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Abstract A 52-d winter feeding trial was conducted to determine animal performance, utilization, and economics of pearl millet (PM) baleage, sorghum × sudangrass (SS) baleage, and “Tifton 85” bermudagrass (B) hay for lactating beef cow–calf pairs. Cone (C) and open-shaped (O) rings were evaluated for potential to minimize forage wastage. The experiment was a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments for each forage type × hay ring (3 cow–calf pairs per treatment; 2 replications per treatment). Animal response measures included cow body weight (BW) change and body condition score (BCS) over the 52-d trial, initial and final calf BW, and cow milk production at the midpoint and end of the study. Forage nutritive value parameters evaluated for each forage type included ash, crude protein (CP), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin (ADL). Forage wastage was estimated for each forage × ring treatment as the percentage of the bale weight remaining in feeding rings at the time of bale replacement. An economic evaluation of the relative costs associated with production and utilization of each forage type was calculated. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.10) in cow BW change or BCS change among forage types, between ring shapes, or an interaction observed for these response variables. Proportion of waste from PM and SS baleage was greater (P < 0.10) than for B hay, although there was no forage type × hay ring interaction or differences between O and C hay ring treatments for forage waste (P ≥ 0.10, respectively). Cow milk production and calf BW gain did not differ among forage type (P ≥ 0.10, respectively); however, beef calves in pens containing the O ring feeder weighed 6 kg more (P ≤ 0.05) than calves whose dams were fed using C rings. The economic analysis implies that it is more costly to feed warm-season annual forage baleage to cow–calf pairs than dry hay, largely due to greater costs of production, lack of difference in animal performance responses, and less utilization of baleage compared with feeding bermudagrass hay in this trial.
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Mullenix, Kim K., and Lawton Stewart. "Cotton Byproduct Use in Southeastern Beef Cattle Diets: Quality, Intake, and Changes in Feed Characteristics." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (2021): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.031.
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Abstract Cotton is grown on over 4.5 million hectares in the southeastern U.S. annually, and byproducts of cotton production are utilized as feedstuffs in beef systems. Cotton breeding efforts and variety recommendations for crop production represent potential changes in cotton seed size, density, and quality, which may influence whole cottonseed feed quality characteristics. Also, cotton breeding to reduce gossypol concentration without compromising yield may improve value in ruminant diets. A recent feed intake trial demonstrated greater consumption of ultra-low gossypol seed compared with seed derived from a more widely planted cotton variety (0.072% vs 0.53% free gossypol, respectively) in growing steers (1.9 and 1.1 kg/hd/d, respectively). Historically, cottonseed is limited in bull diets due to the associated of decreased fertility in males due to gossypol. However, a recent study found that feeding up to 3.2 kg/hd/d over a 60-d period to developing beef bulls did not affect sperm quality. Heat damage commonly occurs in cottonseed during storage after the ginning process, but the feed value of heat damaged cottonseed is unknown. A recent study indicated that in situ dry matter (52.2 vs 69.2%) and N (78.1 vs 91.6%) disappearance decreased for heat damaged compared to normal cottonseed, respectively. Cotton gin trash remains a prevalent byproduct with traditionally limited use. Some gins have equipment for baling gin trash in 180-to-270 kg modules, which allow ease of access and transport of gin trash waste for cow-calf producers. Similar to gin trash, grazing cotton crop residue after harvest can decrease the amount of hay fed during the winter. A recent 3-yr study indicated a 2.5 hd/ha stocking rate of mature, non-lactating cows over a 30-d period decreased hay consumption by 65 %. By understanding the feed characteristics and management needed to utilize cotton byproducts, cattle operations can decrease feed cost while maintaining animal performance.
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Lively, F. O., T. W. J. Keady, B. W. Moss, and D. J. Kilpatrick. "The effects of grain storage and processing method and level of feeding on the meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting grass silages." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620001084x.
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Feed is a major cost in beef production during the winter feeding period. One potential method of reducing cost is to purchase grain at harvest. However, grain must be processed either by rolling or milling prior to feeding and this is a labour intensive process. Currently labour is an expensive and scare resource on many beef units. Recently different techniques have been developed for storing and feeding grain to beef cattle, which involve the processing of the grain prior to storage. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of grain storage and processing method, and grain feed level on the meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting grass silages.
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Rachma, Fianti Nufinda, Sri Hidanah, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan, and Boedi Setiawan. "The Potency of Dry-Cooked Rice Waste and Tofu Dregs on Weight Gain and Feed Conversion in Beef Cattle." Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology 1, no. 2 (2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/javest.v1.i2.2020.48-51.
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Background: Animal feed is one of the main determinants of livestock production costs. Tofu dregs and dry-cooked rice waste is favoured by farmers as an additional feed for cattle because it is readily available and inexpensive. Tofu dregs and dry-cooked rice waste is considered to be able to provide adequate nutrition for cattle and is believed to be able to be a factor in increasing cattle daily body weight. The efficiency of feed use can be determined from feed conversion, namely the amount of feed consumed to achieve an increase of one kilogram of body weight. Purpose: To find out the average increase in daily body weight of beef cattle given tofu dregs and dry-cooked rice waste and how much feed conversion is produced at CV. Tunas Muda Tuban. Method: Using ten beef cattle to be weighed in the first week and the fourth week of observation. Result: Feeding tofu and karak dregs, had an average daily weight gain of 1.34 Kg/day. Conclusion: Provision of tofu and dry-cooked rice waste has a significant influence on the increase in body weight of beef cattle at CV.Tunas Muda, seen from the average daily body weight of 1.34 kg/day.
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Sadeli, Achmad. "APPLICATION OF IPTEKS BASED ON LOCAL FEED WASTE FOR LIVESTOCK FARMER GROUP IN TUNTUNGAN II VILLAGES , PANCURBATU, DELI SERDANG REGENCY." Journal of Saintech Transfer 2, no. 2 (2020): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v2i2.1007.
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Deli Serdang Regency is one of the regencies in North Sumatra which has the potential for developing beef cattle consists of cattle and goats. Livestock commodities such as beef cattle and goats have indirect linkages to input-output between industries, consumption and investment. The problem faced by farmers until now is the problem of livestock productivity that still cannot be optimized. In general, optimization of livestock productivity is closely related to aspects of breeding, feeding and management. The fundamental problems faced by partners today involve providing and feeding that meets the needs of livestock as well as fast and good fattening.
 The planned activities that will be carried out include: (1) Preparation of forage fermentation for animal feed, (2) Preparation of complete feed fermentation and (3) Preparation of Multi Nutrient Blocks (MNB). The details of the output of the program produced include: 1) Mastering fermentation-based agricultural and plantation waste processing technology 2) Extension services and assistance to increase productivity of beef cattle 3) Independence of farmers in processing cassava chips industrial waste as animal feed to improve their quality and availability in the form of products fermented feed and complete feed 4) Mastering livestock supplement making technology in the form of Multi Nutrien Block (MNB) 5) Guidebooks, leaflets, seminars and scientific publications.
 The result of this service, farmers can make fermented feed, complete feed and multi nutrient blocks (MNB) well. The conclusion of this service needs further service by utilizing other local food waste sources so that farmers have more choices of feed given to their livestock.
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FREDEEN, H. T., G. M. WEISS, G. W. RAHNEFELD, DOUG WARD, J. E. LAWSON, and J. A. NEWMAN. "BEEF CATTLE REPRODUCTION IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 1 (1988): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-002.
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Results are reported from a 10-yr study of lifetime reproductive performance of beef cows maintained under two contrasting environments. The data comprised records for 8160 cow years. The breeding herds were maintained for 6 yr in accordance with the management practices conventional to each location with winter management changed (to drylot feeding) for the final 4 yr. Location differences in cow performance favored the herd maintained under semi-intensive management (Brandon, Manitoba). Conception rates were higher, calf mortality lower, and calf gains preweaning greater than recorded for the contemporary herd maintained under extensive range management (Manyberries, Alberta). These differences in performance gave Brandon a 16% advantage in weight of calf weaned per mating exposure. Cows at Manyberries, in the fall of 1977, the seventh year of study, were lighter (15%) and had less fat (60%) than their Brandon contemporaries. These differences increased to 19 and 80% during the first winter in feedlot confinement even though the daily feed energy allowance was 20% above requirements (National Research Council-National Academy of Sciences, NRC-NAS). Conception rates at Manyberries were seriously affected by mortality, both cows and calves, inversely related to cow fat at calving. An increase in feed inputs at Manyberries (42% above NRC-NAS) the following winter, coupled with the opportunity for tissue restoration provided by a barren year, reversed the downward trends in weight and fat and weight equivalence of the two herds was achieved by 1980. Milk yields from pastured cows during the last 4 yr were generally higher for the Brandon herd, but calf growth rate from birth to 2 mo of age was greater at Manyberries. Key words: Beef cows, reproductive performance, lifespan, environment
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Steen, R. W. J. "A comparison of supplements to grass silage for beef cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029329.
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Silage forms the basal diet during the winter months for the vast majority of beef cattle in the British Isles. There is currently a wide range of feedstuffs available as supplements to grass silage for beef cattle, many of these being by-products of the production of food for human consumption. The relative value of alternative feedstuffs as supplements to grass silage is dependent on the nature of the associative effects between each of the feedstuffs and the silage portion of the ration. Two experiments have been carried out to evaluate a range of by-product feedstuffs including maize gluten feed, citrus pulp, dark maize distillers grains and maize germ meal as supplements to grass silage and to compare their feeding values with those of barley and soyabean meal. As feeds such as maize gluten feed and citrus pulp have low tabulated metabolisable energy contents, the effects of adding protected fat to a low energy by-product feed to increase the energy content of the supplement was also examined.
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Bergen, R. D., A. D. Kennedy, K. S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, and T. Lawson. "Effects of feeding time on thermoregulation of beef heifers in winter." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 3 (2007): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a06-058.
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The effects of morning (0900) vs. evening (2000) and natural (< 15 h natural light d-1) vs. extended (65 lux for 16 to 19 h d-1) photoperiod on vaginal temperature, growth rate and feed efficiency were examined in 48 crossbred beef heifers during the backgrounding and finishing periods. The backgrounding and finishing periods were each subdivided into two 28- intervals to relate ambient and vaginal temperature variables to feedlot performance variables. Time of feeding influenced performance and vaginal temperature patterns during the backgrounding period. Although evening-fed heifers spent more hours at vaginal temperatures exceeding daily mean vaginal temperature during the coldest part of the day (feeding time; P ≤ 0.03), morning-fed heifers grew faster and more efficiently than evening-fed heifers during the coldest interval of the backgrounding period (feeding time interval; P ≤ 0.01). Heifers exposed to an extended photoperiod had higher vaginal temperature, particularly in the late morning (0800 to 1100) than heifers receiving natural photoperiod during the finishing period. Results of this study indicated that the benefit of evening feeding on animal performance was more pronounced in cool than in cold weather. Key words: Beef cattle, thermoregulation, evening feeding
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Charmley, E., D. Nelson, and F. Zvomuya. "Nutrient cycling in the vegetable processing industry: Utilization of potato by-products." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (2006): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-118.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Canada and the United States totals approximately 30 × 106 Mg yr-1. Approximately half of this is unsuitable for human consumption. This potato by-product comprises cull potatoes and potato processing waste (PPW). Liquid waste from processing plants can be applied to agricultural land. With strict environmental monitoring and control, crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), vegetables and grass can be used to divert large volumes of liquid waste. Solid waste and culls have traditionally been put in landfills or disposed of on agricultural land as a fertilizer. However these can be diverted from landfill sites or agricultural land and used as a high-quality animal feed, principally in beef feedlots. Research has shown that PPW can replace corn and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain without negative effects on growth of beef cattle or meat quality. Indeed, efficiency of animal growth per unit diet intake is improved. These effects have been observed with diets containing up to 80% PPW. Results to date suggest that PPW is a valuable livestock feed ingredient and has no deleterious effects on beef quality. In areas where PPW is available, feeding to beef cattle represents a viable alternative to other disposal options. Key words: Potato, processing waste, by-product, cattle, land disposal
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Kennedy, A. D., R. D. Bergen, T. J. Lawson, J. A. Small, and D. M. Veira. "Effects of evening feeding and extended photoperiod on growth, feed efficiency, live animal carcass traits and plasma prolactin of beef heifers housed outdoors during two Manitoba winters." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 3 (2004): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-028.
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The effects of evening feeding and extended photoperiod on feedlot performance, live animal carcass traits and plasma prolactin were investigated in crossbred beef heifers in two consecutive Manitoba winters (1998–1999; exp. 1 and 1999–2000; exp. 2) using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Heifers were fed in the morning (1000 exp. 1 and 0900 exp. 2) or evening (2000) and exposed to natural winter photoperiod (NP) of <15 h or extended winter photoperiod (EP) of 16–19 h (65 lux exp. 1, 51 lux exp. 2) in outdoor partially covered pens. Heifers (n = 48; 276.9 ± 19.4 kg, mean ± SD) in exp. 1 were given a 60% forage: 40% concentrate backgrounding ration for 56 d followed by a 25% forage: 75% concentrate finishing ration for 70 d. In exp. 2, heifers (n = 48; 228.8 ± 18.8kg) were given the backgrounding ration for 170 d. Mean ambient temperature during the backgrounding and finishing periods in exp. 1 was -13.7 and 0.5°C, respectively. During the backgrounding period of exp. 1, evening feeding increased (P = 0.05) growth rate 10.1%, and tended (P = 0.08) to improve feed efficiency by 9.0%; EP tended (P = 0.08) to improve feed efficiency by 9.0%. During the finishing period there was a time of feeding × photoperiod interaction (P = 0.02) for feed efficiency with a tendency for most efficient gains in the morning-fed NP heifers. There were no main or interaction effects of time of feeding and photoperiod on ultrasonically measured subcutaneous fat depth or longissimus dorsi muscle area in exp. 1. Plasma prolactin was elevated by EP on day 42 (photoperiod × day; P < 0.01) of exp. 1. Mean ambient temperature during exp. 2 was -5.1°C, and there were no main or interaction effects of time of feeding or photoperiod on weight gain, dry matter intake or feed efficiency. However, subcutaneous fat depth was reduced by EP on day 156 (photoperiod × day; P < 0.01). Plasma prolactin did not change during the first 107 d of exp. 2, but subsequently rose in all but the morning-fed EP treatment group. The results indicate that both evening feeding and extended photoperiod can impact growth and feed efficiency of beef cattle during winter-feeding. Key words: Feedlot heifers, beef cattle, evening feeding, extended photoperiod, light, prolactin
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Feed waste, beef cattle, winter feeding"
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Yaremcio, Barry. "Determining the nutritional and economic impact of feed waste when wintering beef cows in central Alberta." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/805.
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Two experiments measured winter feed waste when cows were fed forage on snow. In the first experiment, feed waste was different (P<0.01) when alfalfa meadow brome mixed hay was fed by bale unroller or bale processor; waste was12.9% vs.19.2%, protein losses were 23.3% and 21.5% respectfully. Feed waste, nutrient replacement and additional equipment costs increased winter feeding costs by $52.50 and $56.25 per head respectfully for a 175 day feeding period. Hay processed into portable bunk feeders, experienced 0% feed waste. In the second experiment, feed waste when barley cereal silage fed either as high moisture round bale silage or chopped pit silage was fed on snow was not different (P>0.05) at 23.2% and 26.8% respectfully. When chopped barley cereal silage or high moisture round bale silage was fed into bunks, feed waste was 0%. Protein losses were 27.1% and 24.2% for the pit and round bale silage. Feed waste, nutrient replacement and additional equipment costs increased winter feeding costs by $164.50 for pit silage and $126.00 for bale silage over a 175 day feeding period.<br>Animal Science
Books on the topic "Feed waste, beef cattle, winter feeding"
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Branch, Ontario Waste Management, Weston Graham & Associates., and Industrial Waste Diversion Program (Ont.), eds. Corrugated paper feed project. Ministry of the Environment, 1991.
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