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1
Ihsan, Moh, Yusran, Sitti Ramlah, Sri Ningsih, Rukmi, and Fauziah Ramadhana. "FEEDING GUILDS OF THE BIRD COMMUNITIES ON PASOSO ISLAND." Jurnal Belantara 8, no. 1 (2025): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v8i1.1104.
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Food is one of the crucial factors for the survival of birds. The interaction between habitats and birds, as well as the role of birds as environmental bioindicators, can be understood through feeding guilds by examining their responses to disturbances. This study aims to analyze the feeding guilds of bird communities on Pasoso Island. The data collection method used was the strip transect method. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis based on bird species composition according to their guilds. The results of this study show that 33 bird species were found on Pasoso Island, classified into 10 types of feeding guilds. Based on the number of species, the insect-eating guild had the highest number (9 species) compared to other guild categories. The coastal invertebrate-eating guild and raptor guild had the fewest species, with only one species recorded in each. Regarding the number of individuals, the insect-eating guild dominated with 42 individuals, followed by the fruit-eating guild with 29 individuals. On average, the fewest individuals were found in the coastal invertebrate-eating and raptor guilds, with only one individual in each.
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Mattos, Gustavo, Ricardo S. Cardoso, and André Souza Dos Santos. "Environmental effects on the structure of polychaete feeding guilds on the beaches of Sepetiba Bay, south-eastern Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 4 (2012): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000707.
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Several studies have been conducted to explain patterns of the abundance, richness and diversity of sandy-beach macrofauna; however, such analyses have ignored the overall functional structure of macrofauna communities. Few studies have examined polychaete feeding guilds on sandy beach environments. To examine the effects of environmental factors on polychaete feeding guilds on sandy beaches, 12 sandy beaches from five islands in Sepetiba Bay were sampled. A total of 24 polychaete morphospecies, grouped among 21 families, were identified in these sandy beaches. The polychaete species were classified into 10 feeding guilds, and the SDT guild (suspended-deposit feeders, discretely motile, with tentacles) was the most abundant feeding guild, with 34.2% of total number of organisms. The highest trophic importance index and index of trophic diversity values were recorded on the sheltered beaches. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that the exposure rate, beach length, and grain size of the beach sediment significantly affected the polychaete feeding guild distribution and abundance. We can conclude that sheltered beaches have a higher diversity of feeding guilds than exposed beaches and that the biological descriptors of the feeding guilds are directly associated with the grain size of the sediment.
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Han, Qingxi, Xiamin Jiang, and Xiaobo Wang. "The polychaete feeding guild composition in the Sishili Bay, the northern Yellow Sea, China." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 5 (2015): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001873.
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In this research, the feeding guild composition of the polychaete community was described and analysed in the northern Yellow Sea, China. The polychaete feeding guilds also showed a distinct seasonal abundance fluctuation that was similar to that observed for macrofauna. Burrowers were the most predominant feeding guild, whereas filter feeders and herbivores only constituted a negligible proportion of the total abundance. A Spearman rank correlation was performed to analyse the relationships between the feeding guilds and the environmental parameters. Surface deposit feeders and carnivores appeared to be vulnerable to variations of environmental conditions. However, burrowers and filter feeders were not susceptible to the natural or anthropogenic disturbances, with grain size determined to be the only conclusive factor. These results revealed that the feeding guild of polychaetes showed significant spatial and temporal changes, and spatial heterogeneity was a stronger predictor than temporal variation. The feeding guilds of polychaetes can be applied alone to discern the environmental change, which would be faster and more cost-effective with best equilibrium between the precision of the results and a decrease in taxonomic effort. Furthermore, bimonthly sampling was proved to be unessential and reduction of the sampling frequency was necessary to save expense and effort.
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Chatterjee, Abhishek, Sudeshna Ghoshal, Soumyajit Chowdhury, and Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti. "Report of the early winter migrants and resident birds in an inland wetland near Tundi Camp, Bajana, Gujarat." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 5 (2018): 11652. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2459.10.5.11652-11658.
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The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 1,079 individuals, 62 genera and 79 species of birds belonging to 35 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Anatidae with 20.42% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Phoenicopteridae (10.59% of occurrence). Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 44% resident; 36% resident-migrant and 20% migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a correspondingly low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the insectivore guild has the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also point out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.
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Colville, Jonathan F., Mike D. Picker, and Richard M. Cowling. "Feeding ecology and sexual dimorphism in a speciose flower beetle clade (Hopliini: Scarabaeidae)." PeerJ 6 (June 20, 2018): e4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4632.
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The relationship between feeding ecology and sexual dimorphism is examined in a speciose South African monkey beetle clade. We test whether feeding and mating at a fixed site (embedding guild) is associated with greater levels of sexual dimorphism and possibly sexual selection than species using unpredictable feeding resources (non-embedding guild). Sexual dimorphism was measured using a point scoring system for hind leg and colour across the two feeding guilds for >50% of the regional fauna. Quantification of hind leg dimorphism using a scoring system and allometric scaling were used to identify traits subject to sexual selection. Feeding guild had a significant effect on hind leg dimorphism, with embedders having high and non-embedders low scores. The sessile and defendable distribution of females on stable platform flowers may favour contests and associated hind leg weaponry. In contrast, degree of colour dimorphism between the sexes was not associated with any particular feeding guild, and may serve to reduce male conflict and combat. Embedder males had high proportions (∼76%) of species with positive allometric slopes for almost all hind leg traits. For male non-embedders, only ∼37% of species showed positive scaling relationships. Phylogenetic data, in conjunction with behavioural data on the function of leg weaponry and visual signalling among males is needed to better understand the link between sexual dimorphism and sexual selection in the radiation of the monkey beetles.
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Sudesh, Kumar, Bisht M.S., and Kumar Rakesh. "Avian Diversity and Their Feeding Guild Structure in Temperate Forests of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.116.
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The study on avian diversity and their feeding guild structure with relation to their habitat use in temperate forest of district Pauri Garhwal was carried out between April 2015 to March 2017. Lines transect and direct visual methods were used to record the bird species diversity, their feeding habit and habitats. Frequent surveys were made in the study area and birds were counted. During the study period, a total of 152 species of birds belonging to 9 order and 43 families were recorded. The highest diversity index was recorded at Kandoliya (H¯= 3.98±0.06) and Adwani was recorded with minimum diversity (H¯= 3.34±0.08). The average bird diversity index at all sites was recorded as (H¯= 3.57±0.11). Further, on the basis of their feeding guilds the recorded birds were categorized into the six major categories such as insectivore (55.92%), omnivore (13.81%), grainivores (5.92%), carnivore (9.21%), nectarivorous (1.31), frugivore (5.92%) and 7.91% species remained unidentified. The insectivore guild was dominant in all the guild structures.
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MacFadden, Bruce J., and Bruce J. Shockey. "Ancient feeding ecology and niche differentiation of Pleistocene mammalian herbivores from Tarija, Bolivia: morphological and isotopic evidence." Paleobiology 23, no. 1 (1997): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300016651.
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The exceedingly rich middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna from the classic Ensenadan Tarija basin in southern Bolivia contains a diversity of medium to large-bodied herbivores consisting of both endemic (†Toxodontia, †Litopterna, Xenarthra) and immigrant (Rodentia, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla) taxa. In order to characterize feeding ecology and niche differences, a suite of morphological characters was measured for each of 13 species of herbivorous mammals from the Pleistocene of Tarija; these were combined with carbon isotopic results from tooth enamel. (The Xenarthra were excluded from this study because they lack tooth enamel.)Several different bivariate and multivariate combinations of characters can be used to characterize the feeding adaptations, niches, and guild composition of the Tarija mammalian herbivores. During the Pleistocene the browsing guild in the Tarija basin is interpreted to include the tapir (Tapirus tarijensis), extinct llama (Palaeolama weddelli), peccary (Tayassusp.), and deer (Hippocamelussp.). The mixed-feeding guild included two horse species (Hippidion principaleandOnohippidium devillei), litoptern (Macrauchenia patachonica), and capybara (Neochoerus tarijensis). The grazing guild included the numerically dominant horse (Equus insulatus), two lamine species (Lama angustimaxillaand cf.Vicugna, provicugna), notoungulate (Toxodon platensis), and gomphothere proboscidean (Cuvieronius hyodon). The grazing guild has the widest range of body sizes relative to the two other guilds. Closely related sympatric species within the Equidae and Camelidae differentiate their niches from one another using a combination of body size, feeding ecology, and probably local habitat. Most of the paleoecological reconstructions resulting from this combined morphological and isotopic analysis corroborate previous studies based primarily on morphology; there are, however, some notable surprises.
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Chatterjee, Abhishek, Sudeshna Ghoshal, and Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti. "A Synoptic Report on the Early Winter Migrants and Resident Birds in the Coastal Wetland of the Marine National Park, Positra, Gujarat." International Letters of Natural Sciences 49 (November 2015): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.49.35.
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The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 524 individuals, 27 genera and 35 species of birds belonging to 21 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Charadriidae with 15.08% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Scolopacidae (11.26% of occurence). The highest observed species richness has been observed in case of the family Ardeidae. Little Ringed Plover (Charadriusdubius) is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 40% Resident; 40% Resident-migrant and 20% Migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a corresponding low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the Insectivore and the Aquatic invertebrate-feeder guilds have the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also points out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.
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Chatterjee, Abhishek, Sudeshna Ghoshal, and Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti. "A Synoptic Report on the Early Winter Migrants and Resident Birds in the Coastal Wetland of the Marine National Park, Positra, Gujarat." International Letters of Natural Sciences 49 (November 24, 2015): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-fn7i45.
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The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 524 individuals, 27 genera and 35 species of birds belonging to 21 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Charadriidae with 15.08% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Scolopacidae (11.26% of occurence). The highest observed species richness has been observed in case of the family Ardeidae. Little Ringed Plover (Charadriusdubius) is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 40% Resident; 40% Resident-migrant and 20% Migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a corresponding low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the Insectivore and the Aquatic invertebrate-feeder guilds have the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also points out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.
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Meitei, N. Sony, R. K. Birjit Singh, Sh Bijen Meetei, and N. Mohilal Meitei. "Feeding Habitats Selection of Waterbirds in Loktak Lake, Manipur, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 17 (2024): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i174391.
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Waterbirds utilized the wetland primarily as a foraging ground and the significant predator-prey relationship between birds and fish, plants and benthic invertebrates can observe. Water depth is also an important variable factor that affects the use of wetland habitats by waterbirds for their foraging. The relationship based on water depth directly determines the accessibility of foraging habitats for waterbirds because of the restrictions of their morphology and feeding resources. The present study deals on foraging habitats of waterbirds in three guilds of Loktak Lake, Manipur. A total of 20 species of waterbirds, including resident and migratory, were analyzed for their feeding and foraging habitats. The species of the first and second guild are mainly non-vegetarian that feeds on fish and aquatic vertebrates. In the third guild, the maximum population was observed in Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica. Many waterfowls mostly forage the third guild that feeds on floating macrophytic vegetation. The main objectives of the study was to documented and analyse the feeding behavior and foraging habitats of waterbirds in the Loktak Lake.
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Shea, Patrick J. "PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT COMPLEX ASSOCIATED WITH CONES OF WHITE FIR, ABIES CONCOLOR (GORD. AND GLEND.) LINDL., AND ITS IMPACT ON SEED PRODUCTION." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 8 (1989): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent121699-8.
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AbstractWhite fir cones were sampled for insect damage from wild stands in California and Nevada during 1984–1986. Insects were recovered from cones and seed damage was partitioned by insect species. The important phytophagous insects were separated into guilds: the cone- and seed-mining guild, Dioryctria abietivorella Groté, Eucosma prob. siskiyouana (Kearfoot), Cydia prob. bracteatana (Fernald), Barbara sp.; the seed-feeding guild, Megastigmus pinus Parfitt, M. rafni Hoffmeyer, Earomyia abietum McAlpine; and the scale- and bract-feeding guild, Asynapta hopkinsi Felt, Dasineura prob. abiesemia Foote, Resseliella conicola (Foote), Strobilomyia abietis (Huckett). Total damage by insects varied by year and site, reaching a maximum of 47% in 1986 on one site and a minimum of 12.5% in 1984 on another. Abortion and incomplete development also were major factors in the production of sound seed. Populations of white fir cone and seed insects varied with cone crop but also were affected by the occurrence of cone crops on alternate hosts. During most years, the seed-mining guild insects were the major cause of seed damage.
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Juan, Felipe Melo, Vargas Santiago, and Andrea Castillo-Aguilar Mónica. "Feeding Guilds and Bill Volume of an Assemblage of Birds Present in Four Vegetation Covers of the Terrapreta PNR Guaviare-Colombia." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 46 (2023): 4300–4308. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i46.2415.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> The objective was to determine the composition and distribution of feeding guilds and bill volume of an assemblage of birds in four vegetation covers within the Terrapreta Private Natural Reserve. <strong>Methods:</strong> The vegetation covers were classified using Corine Land Cover method. Six sampling zones were defined, and three rounds were conducted between February and May 2023. Feeding guilds were identified according to diet, substrate, and foraging. Birds were captured with mist nets, bill measurements were taken, and volume was calculated. To evaluate guilds with vegetation cover, Marimekko, Chi-square and linear regression were performed, to establish the relation between bill volume and feeding guilds, a Boxplot plot and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were performed in the Rstudio program V. 4.3.1. <strong>Findings:</strong> 211 individuals in 6 order, 18 families, and 49 species, were captured and seven feeding guilds were identified: the most diverse (30.61%) and abundant (19.91%) group was Insectivore-Frugivore. In contrast, Granivore-Insectivore and Insectivore-Animalivore, had two species (4.08%) and 11 individuals (5.21%) each. The most abundant guild was found in a High Dense Terra Firme Forest (34.12%) with the highest specificity in bill volume (0.04 cm3 to 0.92 cm3) with total length values ranging between 7.7 cm and 20 cm. The relation between vegetation cover and the proportion of feeding guilds were significant (X2= 70.095, df = 18, p-value <0.05); feeding guilds and bill volume had statistically significant differences Wilcoxon rank-sum test (with a p<0.05). The impact on vegetation cover because of habitat transformation, especially on food resources, can be reflected in the guild structure, which can be interpreted as less ecosystem complexity, with the presence or absence of determined feeding guilds. <strong>Novelty:</strong> Functional traits, bill volume, and feeding guilds provide a tool to evaluate strategies for restoration process and contribute to management and conservation plans within protected natural reserves. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Bill Volume, Birds, Feeding Guilds, Functional Traits, Guaviare, Vegetation Cover
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Mulyani, Y. A., R. Hermawan, S. B. Rushayati, et al. "Bird diversity and guild composition in five urban parks of DKI Jakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1271, no. 1 (2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1271/1/012013.
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Abstract Green open spaces in the cities are expected to improve overall biodiversity in urban area. Birds are known as an indicator of biodiversity. Guild as ecological group is considered more practical than species diversity in representing a community structure. This study aimed at examining bird diversity and guild composition in five urban parks in DKI Jakarta. The study was conducted from April to May 2023. Data was collected in Cagar Buah Condet, Taman Tebet Eco Park, Hutan Kota Monas, Hutan Kota Srengseng and Taman Hutan Kota Penjaringan. Birds were surveyed using point count method while vegetation data was collected using plots. Bird and vegetation diversity was calculated using Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), while guilds are categorized using a priori method. Data was analysed using descriptive method. There was a total of 38 bird species from 26 families and 6 feeding guilds. Guild composition consisted of insectivores (42.1%), frugivores (18.4%), granivores (13.2%), piscivores (13.2%), omnivores (7.9%), and nectarivores (5.3%). Despite having lowest bird diversity, Hutan Kota Srengseng (H’= 1.944) was used by all feeding guilds. Hutan Kota Monas have highest bird diversity(H’=2.603). Tree diversity was highest in Hutan Kota Monas (H’= 2.843) and the lowest was in Cagar Buah Condet (H’=1.467).
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Caleb, John T. D. "Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the vicinity of Araabath Lake, Chennai, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 1 (2020): 15186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5393.12.1.15186-15193.
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This study documents the spider fauna in the vicinity of a suburban lake (Araabath Lake) in Chennai. A total of 70 species of spiders belonging to 58 genera and 21 families were recorded. Seven species are endemic to India and six are endemic to India and Sri Lanka. Salticidae was the most dominant with 24 species belonging to 19 genera. Guild structure analysis revealed seven feeding guilds of which, stalkers and orb-web weavers were the dominant feeding guilds followed by ground runners and ambushers, respectively.
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Motup, Tsewang, and D. N. Sahi. "Feeding guilds of the avifauna of District Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir State." Environment Conservation Journal 14, no. 1&2 (2013): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.141219.
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A survey of the avifauna of district Kargil was carried out using a combination of Line Transect method and Point Transect method to record the avifaunal diversity and their feeding guilds. The bird census was carried out from April 2010 to April 2012. The study area lies between 340 15' to 340 47' 30'' North latitudes and 75? 45' to 76? 3' East longitudes. The area constitutes a part of the Trans-Himalayas in Jammu And Kashmir State. The area is comprised of high rocky mountains with snow bound peaks and arid desert devoid of natural vegetation. The altitudinal range of the area varies between 2430m to 4192m above msl. The study revealed 102 species of birds. Six major feeding categories were considered viz. insectivorous, carnivorous, grainivorous, omnivorous, frugivorous and herbivorous. The highest number of bird species was observed to utilize more than one feeding guild followed by insectivorous, carnivorous, grainivorous and omnivorous bird species. Feeding guild of 1 species i.e., Black-crowned Night Hereon was not recorded during the study.
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Ramadhani, Ramadhani, Agus Setiawan, Dian Iswandaru, and Yulia Rahma Fitriana. "GUILD PAKAN SPESIES BURUNG DI EKOSISTEM SAVANA TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS." JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI 11, no. 1 (2023): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jhl.v11i1.52003.
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The savanna ecosystem in the Elephant Training Center of Way Kamba National Park has the potential as of habitat the birds. The purpose of this study was to analyze and classify bird species based on the type of feed group or guild. Through the method of counting bird data points are taken and recorded. There are 30 species of birds found in the savanna ecosystem which are divided into six types of guilds with the proportions of insectivores 40%, omnivores 33%, granivores 17%, carnivores 4%, nectarivores 3%, and frugivores 3%. The types of bird guild that dominates the savanna ecosystem is insectivorous (insectivores).Keywords: bird, feeding guild, savannaAbstrakEkosistem savana yang ada di Pusat Latihan Gajah Taman Nasional Way Kambas berpotensi untuk menjadi habitat burung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengklasifikasikan jenis burung berdasarkan jenis kelompok pakan atau guild. Melalui metode point count data burung diambil dan dicatat. Terdapat 30 spesies burung yang terdapat di ekosistem savana yang terbagi menjadi enam jenis guild dengan persentasenya antara lain insectivore 40%, omnivore 33%, granivoree 17%, carnivore 4%, nectarivore 3%, dan frugivor 3%. Tipe guild burung yang mendominasi ekosistem savana adalah pemakan serangga (insectivore).Kata kunci: burung, pakan, savana
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Gove, Aaron D., Kristoffer Hylander, Sileshi Nemomissa, Anteneh Shimelis, and Woldeyohannes Enkossa. "Structurally complex farms support high avian functional diversity in tropical montane Ethiopia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 2 (2013): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000023.
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Abstract:Of all feeding guilds, understorey insectivores are thought to be most sensitive to disturbance and forest conversion. We compared the composition of bird feeding guilds in tropical forest fragments with adjacent agro-ecosystems in a montane region of south-west Ethiopia. We used a series of point counts to survey birds in 19 agriculture and 19 forest sites and recorded tree species within each farm across an area of 40 × 35 km. Insectivores (~17 spp. per plot), frugivores (~3 spp. per plot) and omnivores (~5 spp. per plot) maintained species density across habitats, while granivores and nectarivores increased in the agricultural sites by factors of 7 and 3 respectively. Species accumulation curves of each guild were equal or steeper in agriculture, suggesting that agricultural and forest landscapes were equally heterogeneous for all bird guilds. Counter to most published studies, we found no decline in insectivore species richness with forest conversion. However, species composition differed between the two habitats, with certain forest specialists replaced by other species within each feeding guild. We suggest that the lack of difference in insectivorous species numbers between forest and agriculture in this region is due to the benign nature of the agricultural habitat, but also due to a regional species pool which contains many bird species which are adapted to open habitats.
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Umar Saeed, Mujahid Ahamad, Vivek Ranjan, Syed Ainul Hussain, and Ruchi Badola. "Assessing and understanding diversity and foraging guilds of bird community structure in Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar and Jharkhand, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 12 (2023): 24331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8357.15.12.24331-24344.
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This study was conducted between June 2017 and December 2018 to assess the bird community structure, diversity, feeding guilds, and the residential status of birds in Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary (GBWS). Avian diversity and guild organization in five different habitat types were classified according to the forest type present in the landscape. The results indicated a total of 99 avifauna that belongs to 48 families, distributed in 16 orders. Among the 99 species, 77 were residents, 17 were winter visitors, four were summer visitors, and only one was a passage migrant. Based on the feeding guild evaluation, the majority were insectivorous (47%), followed by omnivorous (24%), carnivorous (14%), granivorous (8%), frugivorous (4%), insectivorous (1%), and piscivorous (1%). The scrubland, among other forest types, represented the highest diversity value for the Shannon-Weiner diversity index (3.2), evenness was recorded highest in riverine habitat (0.63), whereas utmost Simpson’s dominance (0.98) and Fisher’s index value (41) were in human settlement. These findings of our study illustrate the outstanding potential of GBWS as an important protected site for mixed bird diversity and specific feeding guilds, precisely in terms of the insectivorous and omnivorous communities. Hence, the study outcomes set a notable landmark for understanding birds and their habitats.
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Fukumoto, Hiroshi, and Hisashi Kajimura. "Cumulative effects of mortality factors on reproductive output in two co-occurring Quercus species: which mortality factors most strongly reduce reproductive potential?" Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 9 (2005): 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-090.
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We examined the factors that limit the potential reproductive output by two co-occurring deciduous oaks, Quercus variabilis Blume and Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray, studied over two growing seasons. We assessed the relative importance of each factor that could affect reproductive potential during the pre-dispersal phase on the basis of both the magnitude of the reproductive loss and the variation in such losses. Five factors (abortion of pistillate flowers, abortion of acorns, predation by an immature acorn-feeding guild of insects, predation by a mature acorn-feeding guild of insects, and degeneration of acorns) reduced the reproductive potential of Q. variabilis during the pre-dispersal phase. Of these factors, insect predation by the immature acorn-feeding guild and by the mature acorn-feeding guild made the greatest contribution to the variation among plants in total reproductive losses, even though they did not always cause the largest overall reproductive losses. For Q. serrata, the same five factors plus predation by a guild of insects that feeds on pistillate flowers affected reproductive potential during the pre-dispersal phase. Of these factors, abortion of pistillate flowers was responsible for the majority of the reproductive losses and made the largest contribution to the variation among plants in overall reproductive losses.
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Adarsh, C. K., and P. O. Nameer. "Spiders of Kerala Agricultural University Campus, Thrissur, Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (2015): 8288. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2468.7.15.8288-8295.
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<p>A total of 86 species of spiders belonging to 56 genera of 20 families have been recorded from the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) campus, Thrissur, Kerala, southern India. This represents 5.1% of the total spiders’ species and 33.33% of the total families of spiders recorded in India. The dominant spider family at KAU campus is Araneidae with 18 species of nine genera. Salticidae is represented by 14 species of 13 genera. Out of 252 endemic spiders of India, 16 have been reported from KAU campus. Guild structure analysis shows spiders belonging to seven types of feeding guilds present in KAU campus. Orb-web builders are the dominant feeding guild accounting for 34%, followed by stalkers (22%), ground runners (20%), ambushers (8%), scattered line weavers (8%), foliage runners (7%) and sheet-web builders (1%).</p><div> </div>
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Turčáni, M., J. Patočka, and M. Kulfan. "Which factors explain lepidopteran larvae variance in seasonal guilds on some oaks?" Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 2 (2010): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/54/2009-jfs.
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Differences between the oak lepidopteran communities were studied in Slovakia in 1993 and 1994. Sampling was undertaken between April and October on 3 oak species. Biological traits of larvae were examined in order to explain differences in seasonal guilds among oaks. Cluster analysis shows similarities between communities in the flush feeder guild where the results were influenced mainly by temporal variability; in the late spring guild mainly by site; factors influencing summer feeder and autumn feeder similarities remain unclear. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was used to investigate the main gradients explaining variability in communities. Results indicated that the host specificity along axis 1 (A1) and larval ballooning along axis 2 (A2) were important in the flush feeder guild; larval feeding strategy along A1 and the degree of defoliation by <I>Lymantria dispar</I> along A2 were important in late spring feeders; the year of study along A1 and host specificity along A2 were important in the summer feeder guild; and adaptation to lower quality of food along A1 and host specificity along A2 for the autumn feeder guild. The results are discussed.
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Ståhlberg, Sophie, and Marco Apollonio. "Scavenger Activity and Anti-Predator Behaviour in an Apennine Wolf Area." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 11056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411056.
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Scavenging guilds often have several trophic levels with varying dominance and intra-guild predation, competition, and interaction. Apex predators can control subordinate predators by limiting their numbers and affecting behaviour but also supply a continuous food source by abandoning carcasses. Camera traps monitored the scavenger guild in Alpe di Catenaia, Tuscan Apennine, for three years to determine intraguild interactions and the behaviour response. Wild boar visited most feeding sites but only scavenged in 1.4% of their visits. Red fox was the most frequent scavenger, traded vigilance and feeding equally, and selected low vegetation density, while marten invested more in feeding than vigilance. Marten was the prime follower, appearing within the shortest time after another scavenger had left the site. Red fox occasionally looked upwards, possibly to detect birds of prey. Badger showed scarcely any vigilance, did not feed much on carcasses but scent-marked abundantly. Wolves showed the highest vigilance in proportion to feeding at carcasses among the scavengers. Sites with good visibility were selected by all scavengers except martens who selected poor visibility and new moon illumination. Scavengers were mostly nocturnal, showed weak responses to twilight hours or lunar illumination, and all but red fox avoided human disturbance areas.
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Marques, João Tiago, Maria João Ramos Pereira, and Jorge M. Palmeirim. "Availability of Food for Frugivorous Bats in Lowland Amazonia: The Influence of Flooding and of River Banks." Acta Chiropterologica 14, no. 1 (2012): 183–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13408328.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In Neotropical forests fruits are key resources for a great diversity of vertebrates, including many frugivorous bats, but little is known about the factors that determine their availability. We studied forest inundation and river banks as determinants of the spatial variation in the availability of fruits for bats in lowland Amazonia. We sampled the bat assemblage composition, fruit availability, and bat diet in terra firme upland forest and in two types of flooded forest — várzea and igapó. Two distinct frugivore bat guilds were found in both terra firme and flooded forests: (1) canopy frugivores, feeding mainly on Ficus and Cecropia, and (2) understorey frugivores that feed mainly on Vismia and Piper. Fruits consumed by the canopy guild were more abundant in the flooded forests — particularly in the nutrient-rich várzea, but those dominating the understory guild diet were most abundant in terra firme. Availability of both fruit genera most consumed by the canopy guild was greater along river banks than in the forest matrix. For the understory guild, the greater abundance of Vismia along river banks was compensated for by a higher availability of Piper in the matrix. In conclusion, both factors influence the availability of fruits, although differently for the canopy and understory guilds. The resulting differences in fruit abundance may explain variations in bat assemblages of the different forest types. River banks play a particularly important role in providing food for bats of both guilds, but are under particularly heavy human pressure.
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Prajapati, Dhruv A., Krunal R. Patel, Sandeep B. Munjpara, Shiva S. Chettiar, and Devendrasinh D. Jhala. "Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Gujarat University Campus, Ahmedabad, India with additional description of Eilica tikaderi (Platnick, 1976)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 11 (2016): 9327. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.1835.8.11.9327-9333.
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We report a checklist of spiders based on a survey made from August 2013 to July 2014 in Gujarat University Campus, an urban area located in the middle of Ahmadabad City, Gujarat State. A total of 77 species of spiders belonging to 53 genera and 20 families of spiders were recorded from the study area represented by 31.74% of the total 63 families reported from India. Salticidae was found to be the most dominant family with 18 species from 14 genera. Guild structure analysis revealed six feeding guilds, namely stalkers, orb-web builders, space-web builders, ambushers, foliage hunters and ground runners. Stalkers and orb-web builders were the most dominant feeding guilds representing 28.58% and 20.78% respectively among all studied guilds. Species Eilica tikaderi (Platnick, 1976) is reported for the first time from Gujarat with additional description and detailed genitalic illustrations.
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Sheetal, Z. L., P. Madhuri, and K. Hemant. "Spider (Arachnida: Araneae) diversity at Godrej mangroves, Vikhroli, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India." ENTOMON 47, no. 3 (2022): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.765.
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Among the varied aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates diversity of mangrove ecosystem, spiders are considered to be an important bioindicators of ecological health. Studies on the spider diversity in the mangroves at Vikhroli, Mumbai, Maharashtra conducted resulted in the documentation of a total of 38 spider species belonging to the 33 genera under 12 families. Salticidae was found to be the dominant with 10 species from 10 genera, followed by Araneidae (9 species and 7 genera). The survey done in three mangrove zones revealed that zone II with moderate mangrove density resulted in the highest diversity (H=0.89) of spiders. Guild structure analysis revealed six different guilds. Stalkers (Salticidae and Oxyopidae) were the predominant feeding guild (34.00%). Seasonal (pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon) analysis showed more species diversity in the month of June to September.
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Shin, Bora, Jae-Young Lee, Nang-Hee Kim, and Sei-Woong Choi. "The relationship between resource abundance and insect herbivory on islands." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256183.
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We examined the relationship between resource abundance and the feeding activity of phytophagous insects on three common island plants. The aim was to investigate the correlation between phytophagous insects’ abundance and availability of food and island geography. We collected 30,835 leaves from three tree species groups (Mallotus japonicus, Prunus species, and Quercus species) on 18 islands in southwest Korea. The number of plant resources for herbivores varied: the number of leaves per shoot was the highest in Mallotus, leaf weight and the water content per leaf was significantly lower in Quercus species. External feeding was higher for Prunus and Quercus species, whereas the internal feeding type was significantly higher for Quercus species. Geography (area and distance), elevation and food resource (elevation, number of plant species, and the forest cover rate) had a variable effect on phytophagous insects feeding activities: distance and the number of plant species were more explainable to the external feeding guild. In contrast, area and forest cover were more to the internal feeding guild.
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Dolbeth, Marina, Heliana Teixeira, João Carlos Marques, and Miguel Ângelo Pardal. "Feeding guild composition of a macrobenthic subtidal community along a depth gradient." Scientia Marina 73, no. 2 (2009): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73n2225.
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Pineda-Diez de Bonilla, Esteban, Jorge L. León-Cortés, and José Luis Rangel-Salazar. "Diversity of bird feeding guilds in relation to habitat heterogeneity and land-use cover in a human-modified landscape in southern Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 4 (2012): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646741200034x.
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Abstract:Habitat heterogeneity is an important ecological determinant of species richness. We evaluated the diversity within bird feeding guilds as related to habitat heterogeneity and land-use cover in a human-modified tropical landscape. To quantify this process, fine-scale bird census and habitat heterogeneity data were collected for a bird community in a 22.5-km2fragmented landscape in southern Mexico. Land-use cover data derived from field surveys were used to calculate habitat heterogeneity index values and the extent of each land-use cover type in 239 grid cells of 300 × 300 m. Bird diversity values were obtained based on 1195 point-counts in these cells. Product-moment correlations and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between bird-guild diversity values and habitat heterogeneity. A total of 109 resident bird species grouped in six feeding guilds were recorded: insectivores (42%), frugivores (21%), granivores (17%), nectarivores (9%), omnivores (8%) and carnivores (3%). Diversity values for the entire bird community were significantly positively related to habitat heterogeneity, but feeding guilds showed contrasting responses to habitat heterogeneity and the amount of land-use cover: insectivores and frugivores were more diverse and abundant in secondary forests than in any other land-cover. Our findings illustrate the importance of small landscape fragments as potential key refuges for the most diverse and specialized feeding guilds, such as granivores and insectivores.
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Sedlock, Jodi L., Alexander M. Stuart, Finbarr G. Horgan, et al. "Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines." Diversity 11, no. 9 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090148.
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High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
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Sedlock, Jodi L., Alexander M. Stuart, Finbarr G. Horgan, et al. "Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines." Diversity 11, no. 9 (2019): 148. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13429744.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
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Sedlock, Jodi L., Alexander M. Stuart, Finbarr G. Horgan, et al. "Local-Scale Bat Guild Activity Differs with Rice Growth Stage at Ground Level in the Philippines." Diversity 11, no. 9 (2019): 148. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13429744.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) High-flying insectivorous bats, as wide-ranging generalist insectivores, are valuable consumers of high-altitude migrating pests of rice in Southeast Asia. Here, we documented the behavior of relatively low-flying bats over irrigated rice to elucidate their potential role as predators of rice-associated pest insects in the Philippines. Specifically, we tested the local-scale effects of rice stage, particularly seedling and late vegetative stages, and time of night on acoustic activity of bats foraging near ground level within three functional guilds (based on foraging distance from background clutter). We also monitored bat activity from two 50 m-high towers to assess the vertical extent of relatively low-flying guilds, as well as document high-flying bat guild presence and temporal behavior. At ground level, the most active guild biased their activity and feeding over early growth stage fields, but also foraged at tower level. Activity of the bat guild adept at foraging closest to vegetation did not vary with time of night or rice stage and was absent from tower recordings. High-flying bats were predictably rare at rice level, but exhibited high foraging intensity at 50 m. Given the well-documented, sequential arrival of insect guilds with growth stage, these data suggest that at ground level edge-space bats may be important consumers of detritivores (e.g., mosquitoes). Moreover, our data suggest that just as habitat heterogeneity enhances the services of arthropod predators, these management practices also enhance bat activity and, presumably, their contribution to pest suppression.
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Jyotil K. Dave and Varsha M. Trivedi. "Spider diversity (Arachnida: Araneae) at Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat during the monsoon." Journal of Threatened Taxa 16, no. 3 (2024): 24930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8751.16.3.24930-24941.
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The present work deals with the diversity of spiders during the monsoon within the Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat. A total of 38 species of spiders belonging to 32 genera and 14 families were recorded. Araneidae (25.81%) was found to be the most dominant family, with nine species from five genera. Guild structure analysis revealed seven feeding guilds, among all 31% most dominant feeding guilds represented by orb-web builders and stalkers, followed by ground runners (13%), irregular webs (10%), ambushers (7%), foliage hunters (6%), and space-web builders (2%). Ecological indices reveal high species richness (Margalef’s d = 8.97) and diversity (Shannon Index H’ = 3.526, Fisher alpha diversity α = 41.73). It concludes that the abundance of spider species at this study site was high and the evenness index was also high (e >0, e = 0.8944). These findings suggest the absence of stress elements in the study area.
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Adams, Dean, Kosaku Yamaoka, and Daud Kassam. "Functional significance of variation in trophic morphology within feeding microhabitat-differentiated cichlid species in Lake Malawi." Animal Biology 54, no. 1 (2004): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075604323010060.
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AbstractShape variation in trophic morphology between species in two trophic guilds (zooplankton and epilithic algal feeders) was investigated using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Three disarticulated bone elements from the head region were examined; the neurocranium, the premaxilla and lower jaw. From separate analyses of each bone element, significant shape variation was identified between species in each trophic guild. The deformation grids generated revealed that, for the zooplankton feeders, Ctenopharynx pictus has a longer neurocranium, a longer and ventrally directed vomer, a larger orbit, a shorter ascending arm, a shorter maxillad spine, and a more compressed articular bone relative to Copadichromis borleyi. In algal feeders, Labeotropheus fuelleborni has a shorter neurocranium, a smaller orbit, a ventrally directed vomer, a longer ascending arm, a shorter dentigerous arm, increased height of the articular process, and a more elongated dentary than Petrotilapia genalutea. Observed anatomical differences are discussed in terms of function, specifically with respect to the feeding microhabitat differentiation between species in each trophic guild. These differences enable us to appreciate the role that trophic morphology plays in enhancing ecological segregation, leading to coexistence of the species.
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Al, Faruki Ahmed. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SPIDER DIVERSITY IN MATIA, GOALPARA DISTRICT, ASSAM, INDIA." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 3, no. 4 (2018): 369–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1403252.
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A preliminary study was conducted to document spider diversity in Matia, Goalpara District, Assam state in India. The study was conducted from January to May 2018. A total of 37 species of spiders belonging to 12 families were identified from the study area. The species were identified using keys for Indian spiders from Tikader 1987; Platnick 2011. The spiders impose natural check on insect pest populations. Methodology included active searching at all layers from ground level to tree canopy layer accessible easily for hand collecting and visual surveys. Randomly selected study sites and have taken 10 political areas and in each area"s 3 plots were selected. Amongst the families, the Araneidae was the most abundant (14 species) with orb weavers being the dominant guild type. A guild structure analysis of the spiders revealed eight feeding guilds such as Orb weavers, Ground hunters, Ambusheus, Ground runners, Stalkers, Space web builders, Branch dwellers, Foliage hunters.
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Campos, Dafne Marcelle de Almeida Ramos, Adna Ferreira da Silva, Natalice dos Santos Sales, Ronnie Enderson Mariano Carvalho Cunha Oliveira, and Andre Luiz Machado Pessanha. "Trophic relationships among fish assemblages in a mudflat within Brazilian marine protected area." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 2 (2015): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015091306302.
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Abstract The present study on the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species in a tidal mudflat, during the dry and rainy seasons. We aimed at classifying the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diet varied little between species and seasons; during the rainy season, the diets seemed to be more heterogeneous. According to the importance of prey in the diets, 5 primary feeding guilds were identified: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on the zooplankton preys. Several fish species showed a tendency for a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined.
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Campos, Dafne Marcelle de Almeida Ramos, Adna Ferreira da Silva, Natalice dos Santos Sales, Ronnie Enderson Mariano Carvalho Cunha Oliveira, and Andre Luiz Machado Pessanha. "Trophic relationships among fish assemblages on a mudflat within a Brazilian Marine protected area." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 4 (2015): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015091306304.
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Abstract The present study deals with the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species on a tidal mudflat during the dry and rainy seasons. We sought to classify the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diets varied little between species and seasons, though they seemed to be more heterogeneous during the rainy season. Five primary feeding guilds were identified, in accordance with the importance of prey in the diets: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on zooplankton prey. Several fish species showed a tendency to a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined.
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WAUGH, D. R., and C. J. HAILS. "Foraging ecology of a tropical aerial feeding bird guild." Ibis 125, no. 2 (2008): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1983.tb03099.x.
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Visser, André W., Patrizio Mariani, and Simone Pigolotti. "Adaptive behaviour, tri-trophic food-web stability and damping of chaos." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 71 (2011): 1373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0686.
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We examine the effect of adaptive foraging behaviour within a tri-trophic food web with intra-guild predation. The intra-guild prey is allowed to adjust its foraging effort so as to achieve an optimal per capita growth rate in the face of realized feeding, predation risk and foraging cost. Adaptive fitness-seeking behaviour of the intra-guild prey has a stabilizing effect on the tri-trophic food-web dynamics provided that (i) a finite optimal foraging effort exists and (ii) the trophic transfer efficiency from resource to predator via the intra-guild prey is greater than that from the resource directly. The latter condition is a general criterion for the feasibility of intra-guild predation as a trophic mode. Under these conditions, we demonstrate rigorously that adaptive behaviour will always promote stability of community dynamics in the sense that the region of parameter space in which stability is achieved is larger than for the non-adaptive counterpart of the system.
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MOKHTER, NORMAISHARAH, MUHAMMAD ARIFUDDIN AKHSAN, MUHAMMAD ASRAF AMRAN, et al. "FEEDING ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN SELECTED MICROHABITAT IN PULAU TINGGI, JOHOR, MALAYSIA." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 11 (2022): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.11.008.
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Understanding the feeding ecologies of birds is a crucial part of conservation purposes. Scholars interpreted terrestrial birds in many journals, yet studies on waterbirds, primarily shorebirds were poorly understood along the Peninsular Malaysia coastal line. Most researchers only record species presence and very few studies were previously conducted on feeding ecologies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feeding ecology of the birds in a selected microhabitat in Pulau Tinggi from March until August 2019. The study used mist-netting and direct observation techniques with a video camera and binoculars. A total of 39 species of birds comprising 24 families were censused. Seven feeding guilds were successfully identified. Carnivores dominated the highest species composition with 28%, followed by insectivores at 21%, frugivores and omnivores at 15% each, carnivore-insectivores and frugivore-insectivores at 10% each, and granivorous with 5%. From the analysis, we found no significant difference between the feeding guild and birds’ location of birds’ feeding preferences in forest and coastal zones (z= -1.1, p= 0.31). Understanding the feeding ecology of the birds in a specific ecosystem is vital to understand how the birds exploit their resources and utilize the environment to avoid competition and thus sustain in that ecosystem.
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Castro-Luna, Alejandro A., Vinicio J. Sosa, and Gonzalo Castillo-Campos. "Quantifying phyllostomid bats at different taxonomic levels as ecological indicators in a disturbed tropical forest." Acta Chiropterologica 9, no. 1 (2007): 219–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520451.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) With the aim of quantitatively evaluating the usefulness of phyllostomid bats as ecological indicators, we compared intra-family levels and feeding guilds between tropical old-growth forest and patches of secondary vegetation growing where the land had been used for shifting agriculture. There were significant differences between vegetation types in bat species composition, with the frugivore guild most abundant in secondary vegetation and the animalivore guild most abundant in the old-growth forest. These results are congruent with the findings for other Neotropical zones and appear to be associated with the type of soil management that allows secondary vegetation to grow. Using the Indicator Value method, two subfamilies, five genera and five species were found to have a significant indicator value. However, these numbers only represent a small proportion of the five subfamilies, 20 genera and 28 species recorded, indicating that under the disturbance conditions that characterize the study area, phyllostomid bats were poor ecological indicators. Even so, some species and subfamilies are useful as disturbance detectors.
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Castro-Luna, Alejandro A., Vinicio J. Sosa, and Gonzalo Castillo-Campos. "Quantifying phyllostomid bats at different taxonomic levels as ecological indicators in a disturbed tropical forest." Acta Chiropterologica 9, no. 1 (2007): 219–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520451.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) With the aim of quantitatively evaluating the usefulness of phyllostomid bats as ecological indicators, we compared intra-family levels and feeding guilds between tropical old-growth forest and patches of secondary vegetation growing where the land had been used for shifting agriculture. There were significant differences between vegetation types in bat species composition, with the frugivore guild most abundant in secondary vegetation and the animalivore guild most abundant in the old-growth forest. These results are congruent with the findings for other Neotropical zones and appear to be associated with the type of soil management that allows secondary vegetation to grow. Using the Indicator Value method, two subfamilies, five genera and five species were found to have a significant indicator value. However, these numbers only represent a small proportion of the five subfamilies, 20 genera and 28 species recorded, indicating that under the disturbance conditions that characterize the study area, phyllostomid bats were poor ecological indicators. Even so, some species and subfamilies are useful as disturbance detectors.
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Segura-Trujillo, Cintya A., William Z. Lidicker, and Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda. "New perspectives on trophic guilds of arthropodivorous bats in North and Central America." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 2 (2016): 644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv212.
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AbstractTrophic guilds are useful concepts for advancing our knowledge of trophic structure of communities, dynamics of species interactions, redundancy in ecosystem services, resilience to disturbances, response to climate change, conservation strategies, etc. For insectivorous bats, current literature suggests 8 trophic-related guilds. These include 3 guilds based on the openness of foraging areas, 3 based on the style of feeding, and 2 recently proposed subguilds among gleaners. Some gleaners are “passive,” using densely cluttered vegetation in which echolocation is ineffective, and others are “actively” gleaning, using echolocation to procure prey. None of these guilds is based on the actual diets of bats. We analyzed 33 reports of diet composition representing 51 species of arthropod-feeding bats inhabiting North and Central America. We wanted to determine if the classical guild structure was concordant with the actual diets of bats and to compare guild structure in the Nearctic with that in the Neotropics. Discriminant function and principle component analyses generated 5 groups of genera based on the proportion of various arthropod taxa (mainly orders) in their diets. These groups were very different from classical guilds and showed almost no overlap among bat genera between the 2 continental regions. A similar analysis based on prey flying ability and hardness of their exoskeletons suggested 4 guilds that were more consistent with classical guild concepts, had higher rates of unambiguous guild assignment, and also showed major continental differences. Our results suggest a new arrangement of 4 guilds for arthropod-feeding bats in North and Central America that are based primarily on 2 features of their prey. New molecular techniques should allow us to build on this arrangement by significantly improving the taxonomic level of prey identification.Los gremios tróficos son conceptos útiles para la mejora de nuestros conocimientos sobre la estructura trófica de las comunidades, la dinámica de las interacciones entre especies, la redundancia en los servicios de los ecosistemas, la capacidad de resistencia a las perturbaciones, la respuesta al cambio climático, las estrategias de conservación, etc. Para los murciélagos insectívoros la literatura actual sugiere ocho gremios tróficos. Estos incluyen tres gremios basados en la apertura de las zonas de alimentación, tres con base en el estilo de alimentación, es decir, la búsqueda aérea, caza de arrastre sobre superficies de agua, y recolección de presas en superficies, además de dos sub-gremios propuestos recientemente para los de hábitos recolectores. Algunos gremios son “pasivos”, los cuales forrajean en espacios excesivamente saturados de elementos de vegetación y hacen un uso de ecolocación es ineficaz, y otros recolectores “activos” los cuales utilizan la ecolocación para adquirir presas. Ninguno de estos gremios se basa en las dietas reales de murciélagos. Se analizaron 33 artículos sobre composición de la dieta, los cuales representan 51 especies de murciélagos de alimentación de artrópodos que habitan en Norte y Centro América. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar si la estructura de los gremios clásicos era concordante con las dietas reales de los murciélagos, y comparar la estructura de los gremios entre las regiones Neártica y Neotrópical. En análisis de función discriminante y componentes principales se generaron 5 grupos de géneros con base a la proporción de los diferentes taxones de artrópodos (principalmente órdenes) contenidos en sus dietas. Estos grupos fueron muy diferentes de los gremios clásicos y mostraron casi ningún solapamiento entre los géneros de murciélagos de las dos regiones continentales. Un análisis similar con base en la capacidad de vuelo y la dureza de los exoesqueletos de las presas, ha apuntado a la conformación de cuatro gremios que estaban más en consonancia con los conceptos clásicos de gremio, tuvieron tasas más altas de la asignación inequívoca, y también mostró grandes diferencias continentales. Nuestros resultados sugieren un nuevo arreglo de cuatro gremios de murciélagos de alimentación de artrópodos en Norte y Centro América que se basan principalmente en dos características de su presa. Las nuevas técnicas moleculares deben permitir que construyamos sobre este acomodo, mejorando significativamente el nivel taxonómico de identificación presa.
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Pyenson, Nicholas D., and Geerat J. Vermeij. "The rise of ocean giants: maximum body size in Cenozoic marine mammals as an indicator for productivity in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans." Biology Letters 12, no. 7 (2016): 20160186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0186.
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Large consumers have ecological influence disproportionate to their abundance, although this influence in food webs depends directly on productivity. Evolutionary patterns at geologic timescales inform expectations about the relationship between consumers and productivity, but it is very difficult to track productivity through time with direct, quantitative measures. Based on previous work that used the maximum body size of Cenozoic marine invertebrate assemblages as a proxy for benthic productivity, we investigated how the maximum body size of Cenozoic marine mammals, in two feeding guilds, evolved over comparable temporal and geographical scales. First, maximal size in marine herbivores remains mostly stable and occupied by two different groups (desmostylians and sirenians) over separate timeframes in the North Pacific Ocean, while sirenians exclusively dominated this ecological mode in the North Atlantic. Second, mysticete whales, which are the largest Cenozoic consumers in the filter-feeding guild, remained in the same size range until a Mio-Pliocene onset of cetacean gigantism. Both vertebrate guilds achieved very large size only recently, suggesting that different trophic mechanisms promoting gigantism in the oceans have operated in the Cenozoic than in previous eras.
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Delariva, Rosilene Luciana, Norma Segatti Hahn, and Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui. "Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: impoundment effects." Neotropical Ichthyology 11, no. 4 (2013): 891–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252013000400017.
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This study examined the diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna, over temporal and spatial scales, as affected by the impoundment of the Iguaçu River in the region of Salto Caxias, Paraná State, Brazil. Sampling was conducted before (March 1997 - February 1998) and after the impoundment (March 1999 - February 2000), at four sampling sites. The stomach contents were analyzed by the volumetric method. The species could be organized in 10 trophic guilds: algivores, carcinophages, detritivores, herbivores, aquatic insectivores, terrestrial insectivores, invertivores, omnivores, piscivores, and planktivores; the first and last guilds were represented only in the post-impoundment period. Similarity patterns and feeding changes were summarized by a non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (nMDS) analysis and statistically tested by a Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Most species showed feeding changes, except for the piscivores and detritivores. These changes were related to the temporal factor (impoundment phases), such as reduced intake of benthic organisms and allochthonous food, which were usually replaced by resources from the reservoir itself (algae, microcrustaceans, and fish), simplifying the food spectrum of the fish fauna. A different indicator of food resources (IndVal) corroborated these changes in the feeding of the species. The proportions of the trophic guilds evaluated based on the catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and tested by ANOSIM were significantly different before and after the impoundment. Herbivores and piscivores were the guilds that contributed (SIMPER) to these differences, especially the high increase in biomass of the piscivore guild after the impoundment. Variations in the abundance of trophic guilds were more directly related to changes in the feeding habits of the fish fauna than to increases in the number and biomass of the species that constitute these guilds.
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Floren, Andreas, Karl Eduard Linsenmair, and Tobias Müller. "Diversity and Functional Relevance of Canopy Arthropods in Central Europe." Diversity 14, no. 8 (2022): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080660.
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Although much is known about the ecology and functional importance of canopy arthropods in temperate forests, few studies have tried to assess the overall diversity and investigate the composition and dynamics of tree-specific communities. This has impeded a deeper understanding of the functioning of forests, and of how to maintain system services. Here, we present the first comprehensive data of whole arthropod communities, collected by insecticidal knockdown (fogging) from 1159 trees in 18 study areas in Central Europe during the last 25 years. The data includes 3,253,591 arthropods from 32 taxa (order, suborder, family) collected on 24 tree species from 18 genera. Fogging collects free-living, ectophytic arthropods in approximately the same number as they occur in the trees. To our knowledge, these are the most comprehensive data available today on the taxonomic composition of arboreal fauna. Assigning all arthropods to their feeding guild provided a proxy of their functional importance. The data showed that the canopy communities were regularly structured, with a clear dominance hierarchy comprised of eight ‘major taxa’ that represented 87% of all arthropods. Despite significant differences in the proportions of taxa on deciduous and coniferous trees, the composition of the guilds was very similar. The individual tree genera, on the other hand, showed significant differences in guild composition, especially when different study areas and years were compared, whereas tree-specific traits, such as tree height, girth in breast height or leaf cover, explained little of the overall variance. On the ordinal level, guild composition also differed significantly between managed and primary forests, with a simultaneous low within-group variability, indicating that management is a key factor determining the distribution of biodiversity and guild composition.
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Barnes, Gregory G., and Vernon G. Thomas. "Digestive organ morphology, diet, and guild structure of North American Anatidae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 7 (1987): 1812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-274.
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Discriminant function, cluster, and covariate analyses of gizzard, small intestine, and ceca weights were used to quantify the structure of feeding guilds and the effects of diet on gut morphology for 18 species of North American anatids. Guild structure based on gut measurements closely approximated that identified by generalized feeding habits. Herbivorous species such as Brant (Branta bernicla), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Redheads (Aythya americana), Canada Geese (Branta canadensis), and Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) consistently had heavier gizzards and ceca than carnivorous species such as Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola), Oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis), and Common Mergansers (Mergus merganser). Omnivorous species such as Lesser Scaup (Aythya afftnis), Greater Scaup (Aythya marila), and American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) were characterized by heavy gizzards, intermediate ceca, and heavy intestines. The results provide further evidence that intestine size is primarily influenced by overall diet diversity and suggest that gut size may be used to indicate general food habits. The ability of waterfowl to adjust gut sizes and accommodate dietary changes is restricted to ranges dictated by the most frequently eaten foods. Thus, predictions of general food habits can be made without knowledge of the foods being consumed at a particular time and location.
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Arunraj, Chuliath, Joseph P. Vineesh, and Thomas K. Sabu. "Darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of forest sites and agricultural fields in the south Western Ghats (South India)." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 5, no. 3 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.3.
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Data on the abundance, feeding guilds, flightlessness and endemic status of darkling beetles from selected forest sites and agriculture fields in the moist south Western Ghats in south India are provided. Overall abundance, diversity and evenness were higher in agriculture fields than in forest. Luprops tristis was the major species in agriculture field and Gonocephalum bilineatum in forest. Mycetophagous and detritivorous guilds were reported from the agriculture fields and detritivorous guild alone from the forests. Epigean, subterranean, corticolous, dung associated and mycetophagous darkling beetles were present in agriculture fields in contrast to the record of epigean and subterranean forms in forests. Higher abundance of flightless platynotine genus Menearchus, endemic to the Indian subcontinent in the agricultural field is attributed to the decaying organic matter availability in the open, dry environment conditions in agriculture field.
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Walczyńska, A. "How does a xylem-feeder maximize its fitness?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, no. 6 (2012): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000296.
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AbstractThe current case study concerns evaluation of the life history of an insect species living in a demanding habitat, namely a xylem-feeder Aredolpona rubra (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) representing the wood-feeding guild. Growth rate, development time and body size at maturity were studied at different temperature regimes with discreteness of insect growth pattern, associated with moultings, taken into account. Moreover, the temperature effect on reproductive strategy of females was tested, and the general life history was compared with available data within the wood-feeding guild. The results show that: (i) the growth of A. rubra is slow but compensated by prolonged development; (ii) size dimorphism is probably caused by the longer development time of females; (iii) fecundity is at least partly determined by the temperature experienced during the egg-laying period; and (iv) interspecific comparisons reveal that the life strategy of a wood-feeder depends on the niche occupied within the tree, whilst its breeding strategy (whether capital or income) is controlled at a taxonomic level. Control of all the main life history traits at one time provided a unique opportunity to understand the selection pressures on A. rubra species. Moreover, comparison within a feeding guild broadens this context and identifies the sources of heterogeneity in the ‘inside-wood’ habitat. The knowledge so gathered may be applied to pest control in forestry science, as well as to the conservation of rare and endangered insect species living within trees.
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Keast, Allen. "The piscivore feeding guild of fishes in small freshwater ecosystems." Environmental Biology of Fishes 12, no. 2 (1985): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00002764.
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Lehnert, Matthew S., Charles E. Beard, Patrick D. Gerard, Konstantin G. Kornev, and Peter H. Adler. "Structure of the lepidopteran proboscis in relation to feeding guild." Journal of Morphology 277, no. 2 (2015): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20487.
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