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Quy, Ong Moc, Ravi Fotedar, and Ho Thi Truong Thy. "Extension of Rotifer (Brachionus Plicatilis) Inclusions in the Larval Diets of Mud Crab, Scylla Paramamosain (Estampodor, 1949): Effects on Survival, Growth, Metamorphosis and Development Time." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n1p65.
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The study evaluated the effects of extended dietary inclusions of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) on the survival, metamorphosis rate, growth and development time in the larvae of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). The five most commonly published feeding regimes of mud crab (S. paramamosain) larvae were selected and tested by including rotifers onto them. Mud crab larvae in the first feeding regime were fed exclusively with Artemia nauplii (control or regime A), while those in feeding regimes 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed rotifers starting from zoea 1 (Z1) to various development stages of mud crab larvae whereas feeding with Artemia nauplii was commenced from the Z2 stage until the end of the trial (megalopa stage). The results of the larval feeding trial for 24 days of culture showed the progressive decrease in survival of the larvae in all feeding regimes. Extended inclusion of rotifer feeding until Z5 stage resulted in significantly higher survival than in the control from 18 day after hatching onwards. Larval survival was negatively correlated (R2 from 0.78 to 0.90) with the rearing time; however, different feeding regimes had no significant effect on this correlation. Extending inclusion of rotifer feeding until the Z3, Z4 and Z5 stages resulted in higher percentages of megalopa metamorphosis than in regime control, but did not significantly impact development time, carapace width, body length and wet weight of megalopa.
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Maré, Frikkie, and Henry Jordaan. "Industrially Finished Calves: A Water Footprint-Profitability Paradox." Water 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122565.
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The feed conversion rate is one of the most important determinants of the water footprint (WF) of beef and is known to vary between different cattle breeds. The objective of this study was to estimate the WF of industrially finished calves of seven different cattle breeds on two different feeding regimes: normal pre-determined feeding period (NPFP) and profit-maximising feeding period (PMFP). Data were collected by finishing 35 calves of each of the seven breeds in a feedlot. Green, blue and grey WFs were estimated for the different feeding regimes, and a feedlot simulation provided the effect of the different feeding regimes on the water footprint, financial margin and the water footprint per rand of margin. The results indicated that the water footprint differed notably between breeds on the same feeding regime, as well as between the feeding regimes. While the PMFP had a 1% higher water footprint per year in a typical feedlot than the NPFP, the financial margin was 33% more, resulting in a 24% decrease in the water footprint per South African rand of margin. The contributions of green, blue and grey water to the total WF were 91.5%, 2.5% and 6%, respectively, irrespective of breed or feeding regime.
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Morozova, Ievgeniia, Nadiia Nikulina, Hans Oechsner, Johannes Krümpel, and Andreas Lemmer. "Effects of Increasing Nitrogen Content on Process Stability and Reactor Performance in Anaerobic Digestion." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051139.
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The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of different nitrogen increase rates in feedstock on the process stability and conversion efficiency in anaerobic digestion (AD). The research was conducted in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR), initially filled with two different inocula: inocula #1 with low and #2 with high nitrogen (N) concentrations. Three N feeding regimes were investigated: the “0-increase” feeding regime with a constant N amount in feeding and the regimes “0.25-increase” and “0.5-increase” where the N concentrations in feedstock were raised by 0.25 and 0.5 g·kg−1, respectively, related to fresh matter (FM) every second week. The N concentration inside the reactors increased according to the feeding regimes. The levels of inhibition (Inhibition) in specific methane yields (SMY), related to the conversion efficiency of the substrates, were quantified. At the N concentration in digestate of 10.82 ± 0.52 g·kg−1 FM measured in the reactors with inoculum #2 and “0.5-increase” feeding regime, the level of inhibition was equal to 38.99% ± 14.99%. The results show that high nitrogen increase rates in feeding regime are negatively related to the efficiency of the AD process, even if low volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations indicate a stable process.
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Wei, Jing, Chong Zhao, Lisheng Zhang, Limeng Yang, Rantao Zuo, Shouquan Hou, and Yaqing Chang. "Effects of short-term continuous and intermittent feeding regimes on food consumption, growth, gonad production and quality of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius fed a formulated feed." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 2 (April 14, 2016): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000448.
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Feeding regime is an important concern for sea urchin aquaculture. However, optimal feed regimes have not been established for land-based sea urchin ventures using a formulated feed. In this study, we investigated the effects of short-term continuous and intermittent feeding regimes on food consumption, growth, gonad production and quality of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (54.90 ± 2.28 mm of test diameter) fed a formulated feed. The results showed that (1) compared with initial conditions, all involved traits except a* (test diameter, test height, body weight, gonad weight, gonad index, gonad moisture, L* and b*) showed significant increase at the end of the experiments; (2) only the longest term feed regime tested in this trial (S2) significantly negatively affected growth and gonad production of S. intermedius fed a formulated feed; (3) there was a trend but this was not significant for inhibiting gonad development of S. intermedius in intermittent feeding regimes and there was no change in the gonad colour and sweetness; (4) S0.5 (fasting half day and then feeding half day) is the optimal intermittent feeding regime for S. intermedius fed a formulated feed. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of finding an effective intermittent feeding regime for land-based cultured sea urchins of relatively large size, and thus has direct application potential in the field of aquaculture.
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Zhang, Qian, Tongqing Guo, Xungang Wang, Xiaoling Zhang, Yuanyue Geng, Hongjin Liu, Tianwei Xu, Linyong Hu, Na Zhao, and Shixiao Xu. "Rumen Microbiome Reveals the Differential Response of CO2 and CH4 Emissions of Yaks to Feeding Regimes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Animals 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 2991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212991.
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Shifts in feeding regimes are important factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock farming. However, the quantitative values and associated drivers of GHG emissions from yaks (Bos grunniens) following shifts in feeding regimes have yet to be fully described. In this study, we aimed to investigate CH4 and CO2 emissions differences of yaks under different feeding regimes and their potential microbial mechanisms. Using static breathing chamber and Picarro G2508 gas concentration analyzer, we measured the CO2 and CH4 emissions from yaks under traditional grazing (TG) and warm-grazing and cold-indoor feeding (WGCF) regimes. Microbial inventories from the ruminal fluid of the yaks were determined via Illumina 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Results showed that implementing the TG regime in yaks decreased their CO2 and CH4 emissions compared to the WGCF regime. The alpha diversity of ruminal archaeal community was higher in the TG regime than in the WGCF regime. The beta diversity showed that significant differences in the rumen microbial composition of the TG regime and the WGCF regime. Changes in the rumen microbiota of the yaks were driven by differences in dietary nutritional parameters. The relative abundances of the phyla Neocallimastigomycota and Euryarchaeota and the functional genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Orpinomyces, and Methanobrevibacter were significantly higher in the WGCF regime than in the TG regime. CO2 and CH4 emissions from yaks differed mainly because of the enrichment relationship of functional H2- and CO2-producing microorganisms, hydrogen-consuming microbiota, and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic microbiota. Our results provided a view that it is ecologically important to develop GHG emissions reduction strategies for yaks on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on traditional grazing regime.
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Cameron, N. D., and M. K. Curran. "Genotype with feeding regime interaction in pigs divergently selected for components of efficient lean growth rate." Animal Science 61, no. 1 (August 1995): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800013606.
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AbstractThe genotype with feeding regime interaction was examined by testing pigs from four selection groups on both ad libitum and restricted feeding regimes. Within each selection group, there were high, low and control lines, which had been selected for lean food conversion ratio (LFC), daily food intake (DFI) or lean growth rate on ad libitum (LGA) or on restricted (LGS) feeding, in Large White-Edinburgh (LW) and Landrace-Wye (LR) populations. There were 1187 LW pigs and 768 LR pigs in the study, with 344 LW and 133 LR pigs tested on the alternative feeding regime.In the LW population, pigs in the high LGS line grew significantly faster than the high LGA and LFC lines with ad libitum feeding (919 v. 847 and 786 (s.e.d. 31) g/day), but had similar food conversion ratios and backfat depths. The high LGS and high DFI lines were similar for growth rate, daily food intake and food conversion ratio, but backfat depth was significantly lower in the high LGS line than in the high DFI line (12·0 v. 25·9 (s.e.d. 0·7) mm). On restricting feeding, the rankings of the selection lines for growth rate, food conversion ratio and mid-back fat depth were broadly similar to those with ad libitum feeding, except for the high LFC line. In the LR population, the high LGS, LGA and LFC lines did not differ significantly in growth rate, daily food intake, food conversion ratio and backfat depth within either the ad libitum or restricted feeding regimes. Growth rate of the high LGS line was similar to the high DFI line on ad libitum feeding (828 v. 836 (s.e.d. 40) g/day), but significantly higher on restricted feeding (704 v. 636 (s.e.d. 23) g/day). On both feeding regimes, food conversion ratio and backfat depth were significantly lower in the high LGS line compared with the high DFI line.In the LW population, the genetic correlation between feeding regimes for growth rate was significantly less than one (0·4 (s.e. 0·20)), but was not significantly different from unity (0·8 (s.e. 0·14)) for backfat depths. Based on the performance test results, selection for lean growth with testing on a restricted feeding regime may be preferable to testing animals on an ad libitum feeding regime.
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Gandra, André L., Daniel R. Ituassú, Manoel Pereira-Filho, Rodrigo Roubach, Roger Crescêncio, and Bruno A. S. Cavero. "Pirarucu growth under different feeding regimes." Aquaculture International 15, no. 1 (October 7, 2006): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-006-9064-z.
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Spengler, Daniel E., Travis W. Schaeffer, Casey W. Schoenebeck, and Michael L. Brown. "The Influence of Symmetrical Feed:Fast Regimes on Oxytetracycline Uptake and Otolith Score in Yellow Perch." Open Fish Science Journal 6, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874401x01306010092.
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Periods of growth from symmetric feed:fast regimes (i.e., days fed followed by the same number of days fasted) may increase the uptake of oxytetracycline (C22H24N2O9 .HCL[OTC]) compounds in fishes; however, little empirical data exists. Therefore, we experimentally determined if such feeding regimes influenced the concentration of OTC incorporated in muscle and skeletal (e.g., otoliths) tissues. Individually-reared female and batch-reared (male and female), age-1 yellow perch Perca flavescens were subjected to one of four experimental feeding regimes: control (i.e., fed daily), D2 (i.e., 2d feed, 2d deprivation), D6, or D12 symmetrical feed:fast regimes. Following several feeding cycles on these feeding regimes, fish were submersed in a 600mg/L buffered OTC solution; otoliths and muscle tissue were excised and processed to determine OTC uptake via mark quality and concentrations. Ranked otolith scores (mark quality) were significantly lower for the D2 feeding regime than control, D6, and D12 scores for both individual and batch trials suggesting that frequent food deprivation restricts osteogenesis, while daily or extended feeding periods contribute to osteogenesis. In batch-reared fish, total OTC and 4-epioxytetracycline peak concentrations in muscle tissue did not significantly differ among treatments but were significantly greater for smaller individuals within treatments suggesting that the OTC uptake and elimination response is mechanistically related to higher gill ventilation volume and gastric ingestion rate of small fish providing increased chemical assimilation and decreased clearing time following OTC immersions. Increased otolith mark quality derived from such feeding protocols may be of particular interest to fisheries managers conducting stock contribution assessments of yellow perch, but this induction strategy may apply to other species as well as therapies for hatchery stocks.
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Simmins, P. H., S. A. Edwards, H. H. Spechter, and J. E. Riley. "Effect of feeding regime during rearing and subsequent pregnancies on body conditions and reproductive performance of sows over the first four parities." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019589.
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Greater demands have been imposed by present-day management practices on the modern dam with gilts being bred at younger ages and lower levels of back fat. This has raised questions over whether current rearing feeding practices and low pregnancy feeding regimes may have adverse influences on lifetime reproductive performance. The objectives of this experiment were to compare the reproductive performance of sows given different feeding regimes during rearing and pregnancy. Data previously reported from the experiment have shown that the weight and back fat depth of the gilt can be manipulated by feeding regime during rearing and pregnancy (Simmins et al. 1989). Sows reared on lower feed levels were more prolific in their first two litters but they also had longer farrowing intervals (Edwards et al. 1989). Further results up to the fourth parity are described here.
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Mulat, Daniel Girma, H. Fabian Jacobi, Anders Feilberg, Anders Peter S. Adamsen, Hans-Hermann Richnow, and Marcell Nikolausz. "Changing Feeding Regimes To Demonstrate Flexible Biogas Production: Effects on Process Performance, Microbial Community Structure, and Methanogenesis Pathways." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 2 (October 23, 2015): 438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02320-15.
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ABSTRACTFlexible biogas production that adapts biogas output to energy demand can be regulated by changing feeding regimes. In this study, the effect of changes in feeding intervals on process performance, microbial community structure, and the methanogenesis pathway was investigated. Three different feeding regimes (once daily, every second day, and every 2 h) at the same organic loading rate were studied in continuously stirred tank reactors treating distiller's dried grains with solubles. A larger amount of biogas was produced after feeding in the reactors fed less frequently (once per day and every second day), whereas the amount remained constant in the reactor fed more frequently (every 2 h), indicating the suitability of the former for the flexible production of biogas. Compared to the conventional more frequent feeding regimes, a methane yield that was up to 14% higher and an improved stability of the process against organic overloading were achieved by employing less frequent feeding regimes. The community structures of bacteria and methanogenic archaea were monitored by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA andmcrAgenes, respectively. The results showed that the composition of the bacterial community varied under the different feeding regimes, and the observed T-RFLP patterns were best explained by the differences in the total ammonia nitrogen concentrations, H2levels, and pH values. However, the methanogenic community remained stable under all feeding regimes, with the dominance of theMethanosarcinagenus followed by that of theMethanobacteriumgenus. Stable isotope analysis showed that the average amount of methane produced during each feeding event by acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was not influenced by the three different feeding regimes.
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Simmins, P. H., S. A. Edwards, H. H. Spechter, and J. E. Riley. "Lifetime performance of sows given different rearing and pregnancy feeding regimes." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600021541.
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Greater demands have been Imposed by present-day management practices on the modern dam with gilts being bred at younger ages and lower levels of back fat. This has raised questions over whether current rearing feeding practices and low pregnancy feeding regimes may have adverse Influences on lifetime reproductive performance. The objectives of this experiment were to compare the reproductive performance of sows given different feeding regimes during rearing and pregnancy. Data previously reported from the experiment have shown that the weight and back fat depth of the gilt and sow can be manipulated by feeding regime over the first four parities (Simmins et al. 1989, 1991). Sows reared on the lower feed levels were more prolific 1n their first two Utters, but also had longer, farrowing Intervals (Edwards et al. 1989). These sows remained more prolific by weaning of the fourth Utter (Simmins et al. 1991). Performance over eight litters is described below.
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Höring, Flavia, Mathias Teschke, Lavinia Suberg, So Kawaguchi, and Bettina Meyer. "Light regime affects the seasonal cycle of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): impacts on growth, feeding, lipid metabolism, and maturity." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 11 (November 2018): 1203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0353.
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Light regime is an important zeitgeber for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana, 1850), which seems to entrain an endogenous timing system that synchronizes its life cycle to the extreme light conditions in the Southern Ocean. To understand the flexibility of Antarctic krill’s seasonal cycle, we investigated its physiological and behavioural responses to different light regimes and if an endogenous timing system was involved in the regulation of these seasonal processes. We analysed growth, feeding, lipid content, and maturity in a 2-year laboratory experiment simulating the latitudinal light regimes at 52°S and 66°S and constant darkness under constant food level. Our results showed that light regime affected seasonal cycles of growth, feeding, lipid metabolism, and maturity in Antarctic krill. Seasonal patterns of growth, feeding, and maturity persisted under constant darkness, indicating the presence of an endogenous timing system. The maturity cycle showed differences in critical photoperiods according to the simulated latitudinal light regime. This suggests a flexible endogenous timing mechanism in Antarctic krill, which may determine its response to future environmental changes.
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ISLAM, M. M., S. V. SHAH, Y. G. PATEL, and R. M. RAJPURA. "Effect of different feeding regimes on productive performances of HF × Kankrej crossbred cows." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 11 (April 7, 2021): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i11.111510.
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Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feeding regimes on productive performances of HF × Kankrej crossbred cows. The study was conducted on 18 crossbred cows which were distributed into three treatment groups comprising of 6 animals each. Animals of T1 (Farmers’ feeding) group were maintained as per the feeding regime followed by small and marginal farmers in India. Animals of T2 (Modified feeding) group comprised of feeding with scientific interventions. Animals of T3 (Farm feeding) group were fed as per feeding practices followed at Livestock Research Station, Anand Agricultural University. Milk yield and 4% Fat Corrected Milk (FCM) yield was significantly higher in T2 and T3 as compared to T1 group. Lactation yield was highest in T3 followed by T2 and T1 groups. Average total solid of milk was significantly more in T3 as compared to T1 and T2 groups. Milk fat was maximum in T3 followed by T2 and T1 groups which did not differ significantly among each other. SNF, protein and lactose content of milk was found significantly higher in T3 as compared to T1 and T2 groups. Milk salt was highest in T3 followed by T2 and T1 group which differed significantly among each other. It may be concluded from the present study that feeding regime significantly influenced productive performances of crossbred cows as modified feeding group performed better over farmers feeding group and at par with farm feeding group.
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Isaac, Ugwumba Chijioke, Eme Ude Kalu, Jennifer Onyinyechi Oriaku, Mercy Chisara Ogwuegbu, Jonas Ezea, and Onyemauchechi Mercy Obike. "Effects of Genotype and Quantitative Feed Restrictionon the Post-Weaning Growth Traits of Rabbits." Contemporary Agriculture 71, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0001.
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Summary The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of four genotypes and four different quantitative feeding regimes on the post-weaning average feed intake (AFI), body weight (BW), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 48 unsexed weaner rabbits. At weaning, a total of 3 rabbits from each genotype considered, namely the purebred Chinchilla and New Zealand White (CH x CH, NZW x NZW) and their reciprocal crossbreds (CH x NZW, NZW x CH), were randomly assigned to four feeding regimes: ad libitum concentrate + ad libitum forage (A), ad libitum concentrate + 30% restricted forage (B), 30% restricted concentrate + ad libitum forage (C), and 30% restricted concentrate + 30% restricted forage (D). The data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance in a completely randomized design appropriate for a 4x4 factorial experiment. The experiment was conducted over a period of 5 weeks: from 7 to 11 weeks post-weaning. The AFI values obtained from the interactions between CH x CH and the C feeding regime at 7 weeks post-weaning (366.50 ± 1.50 g), and between NZW x NZW and the B feeding regime at 8 weeks (324.00 ± 1. 00 g) and 10 weeks post-weaning (336.50 ± 0.00 g) were similar, but differed significantly (P < 0.05) from the rest. The lowest significant AFI values (P < 0.05) at all ages and FCR values (3.46 ± 0.33) at 9 weeks post-weaning were obtained from NZW x NZW, whereas the highest BW values at 9-11 weeks post-weaning was obtained from CH x CH. The lowest significant AFI values (P < 0.05) were recorded in the B feeding regime at 7-11 weeks post-weaning, as well as the highest BW and WG values in the A feeding regime at 8–11 and 11 weeks post-weaning, respectively. Moreover, the highest significant BW values (781.25 ± 7.83) were recorded in the C feeding regime at 7 weeks post-weaning. It was concluded that the interactions between CH x CH and the C feeding regime and between NZW x NZW and the B feeding regime can significantly reduce the overall feed intake, thus invariably increasing profit in rabbit production.
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Just, Philip Niclas, Bernd Köllner, and Matthew James Slater. "Video surveillance methods to evaluate individual feeding response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)—implications for feeding regime optimisation." Aquaculture International 29, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 999–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00671-z.
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AbstractPrecisely analysing and optimising feeding regimes is central to salmonid growth performance and delivery of special diets. The current study developed novel video surveillance methods and analysis techniques to assess individual feed intake and minimum pellet intake (MPI) in individually identified juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Three trials were conducted to test the impact of short-term starvation (N=112 [16 tanks, 7 fish per tank], average weight=27.1±3.4g, age= 119 days), portion numbers per feeding (N=105 [15 tanks, 7 fish per tank], average weight=22.8±2.1g, age= 99 days) and varied numbers of daily feeding events (N=84 [12 tanks, 7 fish per tank], average weight=32.4±3.3g, age= 133 days). All trails were carried out in a recirculating aquaculture system with 20 tanks held at 15 ± 0.5°C. All individuals were code-tagged and high quality video images were taken and analysed to identify all feeding interactions. Individual trout feeding activity under different feeding regimes could be precisely analysed with the video methods developed. Moving from one to two daily feeding events doubled pellet intake per fish from 27.4 ± 5.8 to 52.8 ± 11.5 pellets. Pellet intake (58.8 ± 24.2 pellets) did not increase at three daily feeding events but became more variable across fish. MPI nearly doubled to 30 pellets in fish receiving two daily feeding events (MPI30: chi-squared = 8.74, df = 2, p = 0.01). Short-term starvation had no influence on intake (28 ± 8 pellets/fish) or MPI. Increasing portion number from one (27.8 ± 7.4 pellets fish−1) to two (31.1 ± 7.4 pellets fish−1) or more did not significantly increase the number of ingested pellets. Adjusting the feeding regime by increasing daily feeding events to two, possibly combined with multiple portions, can increase pellet intake and reduce the heteroscedasticity of pellet intake. The methods presented in this study are viable for analysing feeding regimes for juvenile rainbow trout and controlled feedstock/supplement delivery. Implications for analyses with other species and for vaccination optimisation are discussed.
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PARTANEN, K., H. SILJANDER-RASI, and T. ALAVIUHKOLA. "Feeding weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs with diets based on mainly home-grown organic feedstuffs." Agricultural and Food Science 15, no. 2 (December 4, 2008): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960606778644502.
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In 2000, EU regulations for organic animal production set new guidelines for organic pig feeding requiring that this be based on mainly home-grown organic feedstuffs. Doubts were however raised whether these feeding regimes can maintain good growth performance and carcass quality of pigs. Three experiments were carried out to study different organic feeding regimes in weaned piglets and fattening pigs. In Experiment 1, we evaluated the use of peas and faba beans (0, 120, or 240 g kg-1) in diets for weaned piglets. Piglets fed pea diets performed as well as those fed the control diet, whereas the highest faba bean level resulted in reduced feed intake and growth performance. In Experiment 2, we studied the replacement (0, 33, or 67%) of rapeseed cake with blue lupins in fattening pig diets. The dietary lupin level had a quadratic effect on the weight gain of growing pigs, the best performance being observed at the 33% replacement level. However, dietary lupin level did not influence weight gain during the finishing period and total fattening. Back fat became softer with increasing dietary lupin levels. In Experiment 3, different protein supplements were compared in organic diets from weaning to slaughter. In two-phase feeding, the best performance was observed when whey protein was used as the protein supplement, followed by soya bean cake + whey protein and rapeseed cake + fish meal. The effects of a one-phase organic feeding regime with cold-pressed rapeseed cake + whey protein did not differ from those of the two-phase organic feeding regimes. Fattening pigs fed organic diets required from two to seven days longer to reach slaughter weight than those fed conventional diets. Pigs fed organic diets had fatter carcasses, but the eating quality of organic pork did not differ from that of pork from pigs fed conventional diets. Feed costs and the circulation rate of pigs, weaners in particular, were greater and carcass prices lower in the organic feeding regimes than in the conventional ones.;
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EI-Banna,, H. "PERFORMANCE OF GROWING CAMEL UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES." Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 29, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 3843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2004.239296.
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Pagabeleguem, Soumaïla, Ange Irénée Toé, Sié Hermann Pooda, Kiswendsida Mikhailou Dera, Abdou Salam Belem, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Gisèle Marie Sophie Ouedraogo/Sanou, et al. "Optimizing the feeding frequency to maximize the production of sterile males in tsetse mass-rearing colonies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): e0245503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245503.
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Tsetse flies are cyclical vectors of trypanosomes, the causative agents of sleeping sickness or Human African Trypanosomosis and nagana or African Animal Trypanosomosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso (IBD) was created and equipped in the frame of Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) with the main goal to provide sterile males for the different eradication programs in West Africa which is already the case with the ongoing eradication program in Senegal. The aim of this study was to identify the best feeding regime in mass-rearing colonies of Glossina palpalis gambiensis to optimize the yield of sterile males. We investigated the mortality and fecundity for various feeding regimes and day alternation (3×: Monday-Wednesday-Friday, 4×: Monday-Wednesday-Friday-Saturday, 4×: Monday-Wednesday-Thursday-Friday and 6×: all days except Sunday) on adult tsetse flies in routine rearing over 60 days after emergence. The day alternation in the 4 blood meals per week (feeding regimes 2 and 3) had no effect on tsetse fly mortality and fecundity. The best feeding regime was the regime of 4 blood meals per week which resulted in higher significant fecundity (PPIF = 2.5; P = 0.003) combined with lower mortality of females (P = 0.0003) than the 3 blood meals per week (PPIF = 2.0) and in similar fecundity (PPIF = 2.6; P = 0.70) and mortality (P = 0.51) than the 6 blood meals per week. This feeding regime was extended to the whole colonies, resulting in an improved yield of sterile males for the ongoing eradication program in Senegal and would be more cost-effective for the implementation of the next-coming sterile insect technique (SIT) programs in West Africa.
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Lee, Jinwook, Aera Jang, Hye-Jin Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Kwan-Woo Kim, Hee-Jong Roh, Sung-Soo Lee, and Sang-Hoon Lee. "PSV-26 Effect of feeding regime on meat quality of elk deer (venison) loin during aging." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.634.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding regimes on chemical composition, meat quality, and fatty acids composition of elk deer loin (EDL) during aging at 4°C. Sixteen 3-year-old elk hinds were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments, grazing pasture (GR) and barn feeding (BF). Eight elks were grazed on pasture with supplementary feed of 1.0% of body weight and the other eight elks were fed 1.0% of concentrate with ad libitum hay for 5 months. After slaughtering, EDL was dissected and aged for 56 days at 4°C in vacuum packaging. Proximate composition, physicochemical characteristics, and fatty acid composition of EDL were determined. Proximate composition of EDL showed no significant difference between feeding regimen and aging period. The pH values of EDL increased with increase of storage days (P < 0.05). Drip loss increased by day 14 compared to initial day and shear force was decreased during aging (P < 0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking loss were not significantly affected by feeding regimen or aging period. Lightness (L*) and redness (a*) were decreased on day 56 compared to initial day. Yellowness (b*) of EDL decreased with increase of aging time (P < 0.05). The α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were higher in GR treatment and increased with aging duration (P < 0.05). The feeding regimens and aging affected on meat quality and fatty acids profiles.
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Gerard, P. J., and E. D. Arnold. "Influence of climate regime on clover root weevil adult survival and physiology." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3946.
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Clover root weevil adults collected from the field were held in four contrasting temperature moisture and feeding regimes for a period of 10 weeks Temperature was the main factor inducing changes in adult wing muscle development and egg production Egg production from females held in the moist winter regime (10C 816 h lightdark moist conditions ample food) increased linearly with time with 90 of females fully reproductive at 10 weeks In contrast when held in the hot drought regime (20C 168 h lightdark dry conditions intermittent food) the oviposition rate decreased logarithmically with 32 of females fully reproductive at 10 weeks Overall adult mortality was lower in the moist regimes (17) than the drought regimes (29) Wing muscle development differed between regimes ranging from 4 of adults with fully developed wing muscles in the moist winter regime to 35 in the hot drought regime Clover root weevils are likely to oviposit throughout winter in most of New Zealand but warm dry summers will prevent a summer larval generation
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Duxbury, Elizabeth M. L., Wayne G. Rostant, and Tracey Chapman. "Manipulation of feeding regime alters sexual dimorphism for lifespan and reduces sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1854 (May 3, 2017): 20170391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0391.
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Sexual dimorphism for lifespan (SDL) is widespread, but poorly understood. A leading hypothesis, which we test here, is that strong SDL can reduce sexual conflict by allowing each sex to maximize its sex-specific fitness. We used replicated experimental evolution lines of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , which had been maintained for over 360 generations on either unpredictable ‘Random’ or predictable ‘Regular’ feeding regimes. This evolutionary manipulation of feeding regime led to robust, enhanced SDL in Random over control, Regular lines. Enhanced SDL was associated with a significant increase in the fitness of focal males, tested with wild-type (WT) females. This was due to sex-specific changes to male life history, manifested as increased early reproductive output and reduced survival. In contrast, focal female fitness, tested with WT males, did not differ across regimes. Hence increased SDL was associated with a reduction in sexual conflict, which increased male fitness and maintained fitness in females. Differences in SDL were not associated with developmental time or developmental survival. Overall, the results showed that the expression of enhanced SDL, resulting from experimental evolution of feeding regimes, was associated with male-specific changes in life history, leading to increased fitness and reduced sexual conflict.
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Petherick, J. Carol, and Judith K. Blackshaw. "A note on the effect of feeding regime on the performance of sows housed in a novel group-housing system." Animal Science 49, no. 3 (December 1989): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100032748.
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The effects on sow reproductive performance of three feeding regimes (ration (R), ad libitum (A) and ration + straw (R + S)), in conjunction with partial barriers placed along the food trough, were investigated. Three groups of four sows were put on the regimes, in a group-housing system, over three consecutive gestations. Each trial lasted 13 days and took place during the first half of the gestation period. Sows on A ate about three times the amount of food that was allocated to them on R and R + S (2 kg per sow per day). Feeding regime did not affect any of the measures of reproductive performance (numbers of piglets liveborn, stillborn, weaned, birth and weaning weights). Sows of parity 7 and over had significantly fewer liveborn and more stillborn piglets compared with parities 2 to 6 (P < 0·05). It is probable that no adverse effects of the feeding regimes were found due to the short time that the sows were on them and because multiparous animals were used. It is suggested that the welfare of ration-fed sows, whose appetite is not satiated, is jeopardized and that this problem may be solved by the provision of fibrous foodstuffs.
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Prebble, J. L., and A. L. Meredith. "Food and water intake and selective feeding in rabbits on four feeding regimes." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 98, no. 5 (January 9, 2014): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12163.
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Whittaker, X., S. A. Edwards, H. A. M. Spoolder, S. Corning, and A. B. Lawrence. "The performance of group-housed sows offered a high fibre diet ad libitum." Animal Science 70, no. 1 (February 2000): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800051626.
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AbstractAs a part of a study investigating the extent to which ad libitum feeding of a high fibre diet could mitigate behavioural problems associated with food restriction, the performance of sows given food at restricted or ad libitum levels was compared. Ten subgroups of five were allocated to each of the restricted (R) and ad libitum (A) feeding regimes. Five weeks after service, subgroups were introduced into one of two dynamic groups of sows housed in adjacent straw-bedded pens. R sows received a fixed daily ration (parity 1: 2·2 kg; parity 2: 2·4 kg) of a conventional pregnancy diet (13·1 MJ digestible energy per kg) from an electronic sow feeder. Sows on the A regime had unrestricted access to five single-space hoppers dispensing a high fibre diet (containing 600 g unmolassed sugar beet pulp per kg). Subgroups were maintained on these gestation feeding regimes for two consecutive parities. During both parities, A sows were heavier by day 50 of gestation (parity 1: P < 0·05; parity 2: P < 0·01) and at farrowing (parity 1: P < 0·001; parity 2: P < 0·001) than R sows. No difference was found between feeding regime in sow weight at weaning, due to a greater weight loss during lactation of A (parity 1: P < 0·001; parity 2: P < 0·001) than R sows. No difference was found between feeding regime in sow backfat thickness, sow reproductive performance or litter performance in either parity. This suggests that unmolassed sugar beet pulp diets may be used to feed sows on an ad libitum basis during gestation without compromising productivity. However, food intakes may be too high (estimated at 4·1 kg per sow per day) to make ad libitum feeding of pregnant sows an attractive option for producers.
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Davies, M. H., and D. W. Deakin. "Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (January 1998): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597932.
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It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.
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Davies, M. H., and D. W. Deakin. "Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (January 1998): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033547.
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It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.
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Zhao, Chong, Wenping Feng, Jing Wei, Lisheng Zhang, Ping Sun, and Yaqing Chang. "Effects of temperature and feeding regime on food consumption, growth, gonad production and quality of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 1 (October 6, 2015): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001617.
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Water temperature is one of the most important factors greatly affecting the aquaculture of sea urchins. However, no information is available on how to improve commercial traits of sea urchins reared at high water temperature. Here, we investigated the effects of water temperature and feeding regime on food consumption, growth, gonad production, gametogenesis and gonad quality of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. We found that high water temperature (22°C) significantly decreased dried food consumption and gonad production of S. intermedius, but not the somatic growth. The feeding regime of formulated feed and kelp has direct application potential in S. intermedius aquaculture, especially at field temperature. Feeding kelp alone is not effective in supporting growth and gonad production for S. intermedius cultured at high water temperature. This finding greatly challenges the current commonly used feeding regime (feeding macroalgae only) for S. intermedius cultured at high water temperature. Based on the current results, we suggest the feeding regimes of formulated feed and kelp or formulated feed alone for S. intermedius aquaculture at high water temperature. The present study provides new information for aquaculture of S. intermedius at high temperature and for production out of season.
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Kopczyńska, Ewa, and Katarzyna Zielińska. "Feeding the Body, Feeding the Gender." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415570964.
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Food and eating serve as an expression of social relations and roles as well as a mechanism sustaining or challenging social structure and roles. This also includes marking and reproducing gender roles and identities. With the profound social, cultural, and political changes that have taken place there recently, Poland offers an interesting case study for grasping the changing meaning of both food and gender and the relationship between them. The aim of this article is therefore twofold—to present available data on food choices among men and women (mostly dietary choices) and to offer a socio-cultural interpretation of the data by discussing it in the context of emerging food regimes and recent gender transformations. In other words, we will be interested in finding out how food is incorporated in doing gender in the Polish context and how it can be interpreted in the light of scholarly work on both gender and food.
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Cameron, N. D., M. K. Curran, and R. Thompson. "Estimation of sire with feeding regime interaction in pigs." Animal Science 46, no. 1 (February 1988): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003147.
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ABSTRACTThe interaction of sire with feeding regime (ad libitum and restricted) was assessed in the first stage of a selection experiment. There were 79 sires (59 Large White (Edinburgh) and 20 British Landrace (Wye)) with 1549 progeny (745 at Edinburgh and 804 at Wye) in the study. Progeny within each litter were allocated at random to each feeding regime. Pigs started test at 30 (± 3) kg and finished test at 85 (± 5) kg for ad libitum fed pigs or after 84 days on test for restricted fed pigs. All pigs were individually penned. At the end of test, food intake, weight off test and ultrasonic backfat depths were recorded. Variance components were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood and a weighted analysis took account of the different residual variances between feeding regimes, within each breed.There were differences in some genetic parameters due to feeding regime within breeds. No evidence of a sire with feeding regime interaction for average daily gain or food conversion ratio was detected in Large White pigs (genetic correlations between ad libitum and restricted feeding were 1·21 (s.e. 0·17) and 0·89 (s.e. 0·19) respectively). Similar conclusions could not be made for the sample of British Landrace pigs due to the large standard errors of the genetic correlation estimates. For ultrasonic backfat depths, the negative estimates of sire variances under restricted feeding prevent calculation of the genetic correlations and conclusions to be made about the sire with feeding regime interaction.
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Florescu (Gune), Iulia Elena, Sergiu Emil Georgescu, Andreea Dudu, Mihaela Balaș, Sorina Voicu, Iulia Grecu, Lorena Dediu, Anca Dinischiotu, and Marieta Costache. "Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Response to Starvation and Refeeding in the Intestine of Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) Juveniles from Aquaculture." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010076.
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Acipenser stellatus is a critically endangered species due to the anthropic influence. It has been intensively captured for decades because of its high economic value, its roe being used in the caviar industry. Therefore, Acipenser stellatus is intensively raised in fish farms for both conservation and economical purposes. Aquaculture aims to optimize the feeding regime of juveniles in order to improve its profitability. The purpose of this study was to investigate if Acipenser stellatus can adapt to a starvation/refeeding regime by assessing the effects of this regime on oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defense mechanisms in juveniles raised under aquaculture conditions. The juveniles were subjected to two regimes: a 7-day starvation period followed by 21 days of refeeding, respectively a 14-day starvation period followed by 21 days of refeeding. The results showed that both starvation/refeeding regimes induced an enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities in the intestine of the juveniles. The oxidative damage was counteracted at the protein level. However, lipid peroxidation was significantly induced in the intestine of the juveniles subjected to 14/21-day starvation/refeeding regime. The 7/21-day starvation/refeeding regime proved to be more suitable for Acipenser stellatus and therefore, it could be useful to optimize the feeding practice in aquaculture production.
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Lescourret, Françoise, P. Dunaud, J. Barnouin, Michelle Chassagne, and B. Faye. "Computerized representation of feeding regimes in monitored dairy herds." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 10, no. 2 (March 1994): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1699(94)90018-3.
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Margeta, V., G. Kralik, G. Kušec, and U. Baulain. "Lean and fat development in the whole body and hams of hybrid pigs studied by magnetic resonance tomography." Czech Journal of Animal Science 52, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2230-cjas.
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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of MHS-genotype and feeding regime on the growth and development of muscle and fatty tissue in the whole body as well as in hams of hybrid pigs. The experiment was carried out on 72 barrows that were divided into 4 groups regarding the MHS-genotype (NN and Nn) and feeding regime (standard and intensive). Data necessary to determine the volume of examined tissues were obtained by means of magnetic resonance tomography. During the fattening period there were no statistically significant differences between pig groups with respect to total lean content of the body although the feeding regime effect in the finishing fattening phase was on the margin of statistical significance (<i>P</i> = 0.057). Differences between investigated groups with respect to the lean content in hams were not significant either. Results of this research lead to a conclusion that different feeding regimes and MHS genetic status of pigs do not have a significant influence on the growth of muscle and fatty tissue in hams.
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Ghosh, Saugata, Anjali Km Prasad, and Ananda Mukhopadhyay. "Effects of feeding regimes on hemocyte counts in two congeners of Hyposidra (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." Entomologia Generalis 38, no. 1 (October 26, 2018): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2018/0377.
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Kwak, Thomas J., Michael J. Wiley, Lewis L. Osborne, and R. Weldon Larimore. "Application of Diel Feeding Chronology to Habitat Suitability Analysis of Warmwater Stream Fishes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-157.
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Diel feeding chronology and daily ration were determined from stomach or foregut contents of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) in the Vermilion River, Illinois. Feeding was highly variable among individuals, hours, and months for each species. Discontinuous feeding was detected in common carp, golden redhorse, and channel catfish. Common carp and the two centrarchid species fed with greatest intensity near sunrise and sunset; golden redhorse and channel catfish feeding was highest at night. Daily ration estimates were higher for fishes with stomachs than those for stomachless species. Microhabitats occupied by fish over the diel period were identified using nondisruptive techniques: direct observation, prepositioned electrofishing, and radiotelemetry. Microhabitat use during high-feeding periods was significantly different [Formula: see text] than that during low feeding for at least one habitat variable in each species examined. Association with cover also varied between feeding regimes. Our findings suggest that realism of instream flow assessments may be improved if habitat suitability criteria are stratified by feeding regime.
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Setiawati, Ketut Maha, Zeny Widiastuti, Sari Budi Moria Sembiring, and N. A. Giri. "Growth and reproduction performance of sea cucumber (Stichopus sp.) fed with different feed regime." E3S Web of Conferences 322 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132202009.
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Growth and reproduction performance of sea cucumber (Stichopus sp.) fed with different feeding regimes. This study aims to know the effects of different feeding regimes on sea cucumbers' growth and gonad development. Sea cucumbers used in this experiment were collected from the natural habitat in Northern Bali waters. Five individuals of sea cucumber (BW 334 ± 58 g; TL 22,5± 3,5 cm) were placed in each of four concrete tanks size 0,85 x 2 x 0,5 m3 with flow-through water systems. There were two feeding treatments in this study: A) fresh benthos and B) a combination of fresh benthos and seaweed (Ulva and Sargassum). Feed was given as much as 2.5 to 5 %, once in the afternoon. Observed variables were the growth and gonad stage and the weight at the end of the experiment. The study showed that the different feeding regimes significantly influenced the sea cucumber growth and gonad weight, but not the gonad stage. Sea cucumber fed with a combination of benthos and seaweed performed better growth and higher gonad weight. The difference in the feed did not affect gonad development.
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Barash, H., I. Peri, A. Gertler, and I. Bruckental. "Effects of energy allowance and cimaterol feeding during the heifer rearing period on growth, puberty and milk production." Animal Science 59, no. 3 (December 1994): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007881.
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AbstractTwenty-one 6-month-old Israeli Holstein heifers were used to determine the effect of three 6-month feeding regimes on growth, blood concentration of insulin, prolactin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), attainment of puberty and milk production during first lactation. Feeding regimes were as follows. (1) Restricted: the heifers were given food during months 1, 2 and 4, 5 of an experimental period, to support live-weight (LW) gain of 0·35 and 0·50 kg/day, respectively and during months 3 and 6 the heifers were given food to support compensatory growth. (2) Control: the heifers were given food to support LW gain of 1·0 kg/day. (3) Control + C: the heifers were given the same as the control, with a daily supplement of 0·05 mg/kg LW cimaterol (C) for 4 months. The total LW gain of the restricted heifers during the 6 months of the trial was significantly lower than that of the control heifers. Cimaterol improved growth rate only during the first 2 months of its application and its withdrawal was associated with severe LW gain retardation. The feeding regime employed in the restricted treatment was associated with a significant reduction in serum concentrations of insulin, prolactin and IGF-1 during the first restricted phase, followed by an elevation in the first compensatory phase. During the second restriction-compensation cycle, only the serum concentration of prolactin was significantly reduced. Cimaterol addition was also associated with a reduced blood concentration of the hormones. The animals in the restricted, control and control + C groups attained puberty at LW of 249·2, 277·6 and 304·9 kg (P<0·05), respectively. No effect of the treatments on milk yield was observed. The effect of the feeding regimes on skeletal growth and on metubolizable energy efficiency for growth is discussed.
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Baumann, Hannes, Myron A. Peck, and Jens-Peter Herrmann. "Short-term decoupling of otolith and somatic growth induced by food level changes in postlarval Baltic sprat, Sprattus sprattus." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 5 (2005): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04140.
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We studied the effects of food level changes on otolith and somatic growth in postlarval Baltic sprat reared initially for a period of 11 days under zero, low, and ad libitum feeding conditions. During a subsequent 11 day period, feeding regimes were reversed in half of the low and ad libitum feeding treatments, and starved fish were re-fed ad libitum rations. Somatic growth rates under low and ad libitum food rations ranged between 0.15–0.22 mm day−1 and 0.48–0.63 mm day−1, respectively, and led to significant differences in length and weight between feeding regimes. Previously starved fish, however, grew only 0.25–0.28 mm day−1 under ad libitum conditions. During the first period, significant linear relationships were found for otolith v. length and v. weight growth across all treatments. After changing feeding regimes, increment widths failed to significantly predict somatic growth for 9 days, after which a significant relationship between otolith and somatic growth became re-established. Recent otolith growth was a good predictor of fish condition after the first, but not after the second period. The results suggest that perturbations in environmental conditions can temporarily decouple otolith from somatic growth in postlarval sprat, which needs to be considered in field studies.
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Thompson, Mary P., and Murray R. Grigor. "The effects of meal-feeding and the diurnal cycle on lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue of rats." Bioscience Reports 7, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01119478.
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A significant diurnal variation in the rates of lipogenesis in vivo in brown adipose tissue occurred in both virgin and lactating rats. On a meal-feeding regime of either a chow, high-sucrose, or high-lipid diet, there was a very large increase in BAT lipogenesis following the meal. The rates observed after the sucrose meal are the highest so far reported. There was no significant difference in BAT lipogenesis between lactating and virgin rats, contrary to previous reports by others. The pattern of stimulation of BAT lipogenesis by these feeding regimes was different from that for white adipose tissue and liver and was not correlated with plasma insulin levels.
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Whitledge, Gregory W., Robert S. Hayward, Douglas B. Noltie, and Ning Wang. "Testing Bioenergetics Models under Feeding Regimes That Elicit Compensatory Growth." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127, no. 5 (September 1998): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0740:tbmufr>2.0.co;2.
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Kloukinioti, Maria, Alexandra Politi, Georgios Kalamaras, and Stefanos Dailianis. "Feeding regimes modulate biomarkers responsiveness in mussels treated with diclofenac." Marine Environmental Research 156 (April 2020): 104919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104919.
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Prebble, Jennifer L., Fritha M. Langford, Darren J. Shaw, and Anna L. Meredith. "The effect of four different feeding regimes on rabbit behaviour." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 169 (August 2015): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.05.003.
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Hill, Robert L., Sarah M. Huskisson, Emily Weigel, and Joseph R. Mendelson. "Growth rates of juvenile Boa constrictor under two feeding regimes." Zoo Biology 38, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21460.
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Saj, Stéphane, Xavier Le Roux, Eléonore Attard, Katja Klumpp, and Cécile Villenave. "Grassland management history affects the response of the nematode community to changes in above-ground grazing regime." Nematology 13, no. 8 (2011): 995–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855411x574558.
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AbstractChanges in grassland management induce disturbances that influence both soil functioning and soil fauna. This study aimed at determining the extent to which the composition of a grassland soil nematode community could be altered by a shift of grazing regime and the potential feedback that these alterations could provoke on grassland functioning. Therefore, we monitored the composition of the soil nematode community (i.e., plant-, bacterial- and fungal-feeders, omnivores and carnivores) of mesocosms that were sampled from two contrasted long-term field trials (high vs low grazing treatments) and subsequently subjected to high or no grazing for 2 years. The soil nematofauna responded faster and more strongly to the application of an intensive grazing regime on a previously extensively exploited system than the other way round. The application of an intensive grazing regime induced a significant increase in numbers of bacterial feeders and a decrease of the relative abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes. The nematofaunal community structure was determined by both the past and current grazing regimes throughout the 2 years of monitoring. Observed effects on soil microbivores seemed to reflect the 'immediate' above-ground primary production potential and to follow micro-organism dynamics. On the other hand, observed effects on root-feeding nematodes seemed to reflect the integral effect of past and current grazing regimes on plant community root biomass and quality.
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Foster, A. R., D. F. Houlihan, and S. I. Hall. "Effects of Nutritional Regime on Correlates of Growth Rate in Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua): Comparison of Morphological and Biochemical Measurements." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-059.
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The effects of both long-term (35 d of daily feeding, feeding every second day, or starvation) and short-term (up to 15 d of refeeding following starvation) nutritional regimes on morphological (tissue-somatic indices) and biochemical measurements (RNA concentration, RNA/protein ratio, RNA/DNA ratio, and cytochrome c oxidase activity (CCO)) were investigated for a variety of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) tissues. Liver-somatic index was the morphological index most sensitive to both the long- and short-term nutritional regimes. The majority of the tissue RNA measurements demonstrated positive linear relationships with growth rate, although stomach, intestine, and white muscle were the most sensitive tissues for all the treatments. Most of the tissues examined also showed positive linear relationships with growth rate, although stomach, intestine, and white muscle were the most sensitive tissues for all the treatments. Most of the tissues examined also showed positive linear relationships between CCO specific activity and long-term growth rate. However, tissue CCO specific activity was relatively insensitive to the short-term alterations in nutritional regime.
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Tabelskaya, A. S., and M. V. Kalinina. "Growth and survival of the hatchery larvae of pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> under different concentrations of microalgae and salinity in conditions of southern Primorye." Izvestiya TINRO 201, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2021-201-723-734.
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Growth and survival rates for larvae of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) hatched in artificial conditions are estimated for the stages of development from D-veliger to pediveliger. The experiment was conducted in the Mariculture Center located on Popov Island (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) for 2 regimes of feeding and water salinity of 26 and 32 ppt. Microalgae Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros muelleri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated in the Mariculture Center were used as a feed in both regimes, in different concentrations. The maximum concentration was 4-fold higher than the minimum one: daily doses of food were 20 and 5 thousand cells/mL for veligers, 40 and 10 thousand cells/mL for early veliconkhes, and 80 and 20 thousand cells/mL for late veliconkhes, respectively, whereas 80 thousand cells/mL for all larvae in transition to pediveliger stage. Statistically significant difference of the growth rate was found for cases with different food concentration (p < 0.05). The larvae with better feeding had higher growth rate under salinity of both 26 and 32 ppt. Besides, the lowered salinity (26 ppt) had some positive effect for growth in the regime of better feeding. Survival rate of the larvae from D-veliger to pediveliger was high under all regimes of the experiment and was estimated for the minimal diet as 77.4 and 64.7 % under salinity of 26 and 32 ppt, respectively, and for the maximum diet as 81.2 and 80.7 % under salinity of 26 and 32 ppt, respectively. According to the experiment results, deficit of food at early stages of the oyster larval development affects negatively on their growth but does not have significant impact on their survival.
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Martínez-Dios, Ariadna, Carles Pelejero, Àngel López-Sanz, Robert M. Sherrell, Stanley Ko, Verena Häussermann, Günter Försterra, and Eva Calvo. "Effects of low pH and feeding on calcification rates of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus." PeerJ 8 (January 2, 2020): e8236. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8236.
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Cold-Water Corals (CWCs), and most marine calcifiers, are especially threatened by ocean acidification (OA) and the decrease in the carbonate saturation state of seawater. The vulnerability of these organisms, however, also involves other global stressors like warming, deoxygenation or changes in sea surface productivity and, hence, food supply via the downward transport of organic matter to the deep ocean. This study examined the response of the CWC Desmophyllum dianthus to low pH under different feeding regimes through a long-term incubation experiment. For this experiment, 152 polyps were incubated at pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.5 and 7.2 and two feeding regimes for 14 months. Mean calcification rates over the entire duration of the experiment ranged between −0.3 and 0.3 mg CaCO3 g−1d−1. Polyps incubated at pH 7.2 were the most affected and 30% mortality was observed in this treatment. In addition, many of the surviving polyps at pH 7.2 showed negative calcification rates indicating that, in the long term, CWCs may have difficulty thriving in such aragonite undersaturated waters. The feeding regime had a significant effect on skeletal growth of corals, with high feeding frequency resulting in more positive and variable calcification rates. This was especially evident in corals reared at pH 7.5 (ΩA = 0.8) compared to the low frequency feeding treatment. Early life-stages, which are essential for the recruitment and maintenance of coral communities and their associated biodiversity, were revealed to be at highest risk. Overall, this study demonstrates the vulnerability of D. dianthus corals to low pH and low food availability. Future projected pH decreases and related changes in zooplankton communities may potentially compromise the viability of CWC populations.
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Cameron, N. D., J. C. Penman, A. C. Fisken, G. R. Nute, A. M. Perry, and J. D. Wood. "Genotype with nutrition interactions for carcass composition and meat quality in pig genotypes selected for components of efficient lean growth rate." Animal Science 69, no. 1 (August 1999): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800051109.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGenotype with nutrition interactions in carcass composition and meat quality traits were examined by testing pigs from four selection lines and a control line on isoenergetic diets, which differed in lysine: energy content. The selected lines resulted from seven generations of selection for high daily food intake, lean food conversion ratio (LFC) and lean growth rate onad-libitumor restricted (LGS) feeding regimes in a Large White population. There were 128 pigs in the study, with 24 pigs per selection line and 32 pigs from a control line. During performance test, 30 to 90 kg, pigs were offered one of three isoenergetic diets, 14·0 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg dry matter, which differed in ileal digestible lysine: digestible energy (A: 0·40 , C: 0·76 and E: 1·12 g lysine per MJ DE) onad-libitumor restricted (0.75 g/gad-libitumdaily food intake) feeding regimes.For the majority of performance test, carcass composition and meat quality traits there was no evidence of a genotype with diet or genotype with feeding regime interaction. The selection line with feeding regime interactions for average daily gain, daily food intake and rates of lean and subcutaneous fat deposition were primarily due to no feeding regime effect for the LFC selection line. Selection for high LFC had reducedad-libitumdaily food intake to such an extent that it was not significantly different from daily food intake on a restricted feeding regime, unlike other selection lines in the study. A selection line with feeding regime interaction was detected for muscle рH24hand muscle reflectance, which resulted from the LGS selection line. LGS pigs offered food ad libitum had higher muscle рH24hand lower muscle reflectance than LGS pigs given food at a restricted level, while there was no effect of feeding regime for the other selection lines.The general absence of genotype with nutrition interactions for traits measured in the study indicated that the ranking of genotypes for performance test traits, carcass composition and meat quality traits will not be dependent on diet or feeding regime. Genotype specific nutritional inputs will also not be required for identification of pigs of high genetic merit, within a genotype. However, diet and feeding regime had significant effects on carcass composition and meat quality traits, such that the estimated mean value of a genotype will be dependent on the diet or feeding regime used to evaluate the genotype.
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Liu, Jianan, Ying Bai, Fang Liu, Richard A. Kohn, Daniel A. Tadesse, Saul Sarria, Robert W. Li, and Jiuzhou Song. "Rumen Microbial Predictors for Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels and the Grass-Fed Regimen in Angus Cattle." Animals 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212995.
Full textAbstract:
The health benefits of grass-fed beef are well documented. However, the rumen microbiome features in beef steers raised in a grass-fed regimen have yet to be identified. This study examined the rumen microbiome profile in the feeding regimes. Our findings show that the rumen microbiome of the grass-fed cattle demonstrated greater species diversity and harbored significantly higher microbial alpha diversity, including multiple species richness and evenness indices, than the grain-fed cattle. Global network analysis unveiled that grass-fed cattle’s rumen microbial interaction networks had higher modularity, suggesting a more resilient and stable microbial community under this feeding regimen. Using the analysis of compositions of microbiomes with a bias correction (ANCOM-BC) algorithm, the abundance of multiple unclassified genera, such as those belonging to Planctomycetes, LD1-PB3, SR1, Lachnospira, and Sutterella, were significantly enriched in the rumen of grass-fed steers. Sutterella was also the critical genus able to distinguish the two feeding regimens by Random Forest. A rumen microbial predictor consisting of an unclassified genus in the candidate division SR1 (numerator) and an unclassified genus in the order Bacteroidales (denominator) accurately distinguished the two feeding schemes. Multiple microbial signatures or balances strongly correlated with various levels of SCFA in the rumen. For example, a balance represented by the log abundance ratio of Sutterella to Desulfovibrio was strongly associated with acetate-to-propionate proportions in the rumen (R2 = 0.87), which could be developed as a valuable biomarker for optimizing milk fat yield and cattle growth. Therefore, our findings provided novel insights into microbial interactions in the rumen under different feed schemes and their ecophysiological implications. These findings will help to develop rumen manipulation strategies to improve feed conversion ratios and average daily weight gains for the grass- or pasture-fed cattle production.
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Mady, Rachael P., Wesley M. Hochachka, and David N. Bonter. "Consistency in supplemental food availability affects the space use of wintering birds." Behavioral Ecology 32, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Across the globe, millions of people feed wild birds and this practice has profound implications for many bird species. To better understand the effects of this supplemental feeding, many researchers have compared birds with access to inexhaustible supplemental food to those without access. However, the consistency of supplemental food availability varies with peoples’ provisioning habits because some people fill their feeders daily, while others do so sporadically. As the consistency of food availability changes, a bird’s foraging strategy, including its use of space, should change. To determine how space use varies with the consistency of supplemental food availability, we surveyed three species with access to experimental feeders that provided constant, pulsed, or no access to food. We conducted these surveys at two locations—near and far from the feeder—within nine sites to determine differences in space use among and within sites. Access to supplemental food, regardless of feeding regime, anchored the movements of each species near the feeders. However, the different feeding regimes had different effects on space use. Birds with constant access to supplemental food were continually anchored near the feeders, while the birds with pulsed access were temporarily anchored near the feeders. In one of three species (black-capped chickadee), birds concentrated in larger numbers near feeders with pulsed access when food was available compared to near feeders with constant access. Supplemental feeders act as spatial anchors but do so in different ways across species and feeding regimes with potentially varying implications for survival and population dynamics.
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Ehoche, O. W., W. S. Alhassan, V. Buvanendran, J. E. Umoh, and N. N. Umanna. "EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AND REALIMENTATION ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF ZEBU BULLS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 16 (January 5, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v16i.1918.
Full textAbstract:
Forty-eight Sokoto Gudali bulls were used to study carcass compositional changes and nutrient efficiency following feed restriction (25% ad libitum feeding, L., and 54% ad. libitum feeding, M) and realimentation (ad. libitum feeding, H). The treatments were designated as LLH, LMH and LHH according to the level of feeding for each of three periods within each treatment group. Representative bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the study and at the end of each feeding period. At the end of the mid period, animals on the LLH and LMH feeding regimes had higher percentages of water, similar percentages of protein and ash but lower proportions of fat and energy compared to animals on the LHH feeding regime. Following realimentation in the final period carcass gains contained approximately 21.0, 15.0, 18.5% protein and 22.0, 31,0 and 29.6% fat for LLH, LMH and LHH bulls respectively. The LHH animals were more efficient in utilizing metabolizable energy for carcass energy gain than the LLH and LMH animals. Digestible crude protein (DCP) efficience for carcass protein gain averaged 17.6, 26.2 and 35.4 g DCP/g protein gain for LLH, LMH and LHH bulls respectively. The results suggest that improved efficiency of protein utilization is largely responsible for compensatory carcass growth in zebu bulls.