Journal articles: 'Felines Calicivirus'

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Da Silva, Aline Silvestrini, Fernanda Campos Hertel, Mayara Pereira Lotério, et al. "Feline chronic gingivostomatitis with calicivirus infection." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 55, no. 3 (2018): e141344. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2018.141344.

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Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an oral inflammatory condition that frequently affects felines. Its etiology is not well defined, but several viral agents are thought to be involved. Several therapeutic protocols have been described, yet treatment response is often variable, and the therapeutic success is transient with an unpredictable duration. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy needs to be tailored for each patient. This work relates a case characterized by viral involvement in its etiopathogenesis providing an alternative to the most widely-used methods that so often frustrate both veterinary doctors and pet owners.

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Henzel, Andréia, Luciane Teresinha Lovato, and Rudi Weiblen. "Epidemiological status of felid herpesvirus type-1 and feline calicivirus infections in Brazil." Ciência Rural 45, no. 6 (2015): 1042–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141202.

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Feline calicivirus (FCV) and felid herpesvirus type-1 (FeHV-1) are the main infectious agents of domestic and wild felines worldwide. The FCV and FeHV-1 viruses were isolated in Brazil in 1988 and 2012, respectively. Serology surveys were performed among domestic feline in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and among wild felines in central Brazilian States. Felines with acute or chronic infections may become carriers for both viruses and, viral transmission occurs mainly by ocular and nasal secretions. In addition, FCV may be transmitted by oropharyngeal secretion and fomites. The clinical signs commonly observed in cats are fever, sneezing, coughing and nasal and ocular discharge; however, oral lesions are restricted to FCV infection. A systemic syndrome showing hemorrhagic lesions, alopecia, facial edema and jaundice has been associated with FCV. Attenuated as well as inactivated vaccines against FCV and FeHV-1 were developed in the middle 1970s, and they are effective at reducing the presentation/development of the diseases, but they are not capable of eliminating the persistence of FCV and FeHV-1. This article presents a brief review of the main aspects of the FCV and FeHV-1 infections, with an emphasis in the current situation on the domestic feline population from Brazil.

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Garkusha, S. E., та A. J. Plagun. "ДЕЯКІ МАКРОСКОПІЧНІ ЗМІНИ У ВНУТРІШНІХ ОРГАНАХ КОТІВ, ЩО ЗАГИНУЛИ ВІД КАЛІЦИВІРУСНОЇ ІНФЕКЦІЇ". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, № 3(70) (2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7007.

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Calicivirus infection of cats is a highly contagious disease of animals of the cat family, which is clinically manifested by conjunctivitis, ulcerative stomatitis, rhinitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, and accompanied by significant mortality. This infection is widespread in populations of domestic and wild felines throughout the world.According to modern world literature the manifestation of the disease depends on the strain of the pathogen. Depending on the strain infected with caliciviruses studs in some cases can be clinically healthy, others have ulcers on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and the symptoms are not much pronounced pneumonia. Less frequently recorded disease that is accompanied by lameness, abortions and severe pneumonia. However, the death of all forms recorded very rarely. According to many authors media avirulence and weakly virulent strains calicivirus of infection is 36% of cats.However, in the last decade were also recorded epizootics of severe disease, mortality is up to 50%. Clinically the disease was characterized by oppression, high continued fever, anorexia, edema of face and extremities, with lesions of dermatitis or alopecia on the face, ears and distal parts of the limbs. In the literature adequately described the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment of this disease, and pathological changes are described is not complete. In particular macroscopic changes at calicivirus infection, most authors describe conjunctivitis, stomatitis and pneumonia. The aim of this study was to examine in more detail the macroscopic changes in the internal organs of cats of various ages and breeds, died of calicivirus infection. the following tasks were set to achieve this goal, namely to carry out post–mortem dissection of cats with calicivirus infection to study the macroscopic changes in the internal organs in cats this disease and in detail describe the macroscopic changes in the internal organs of cats, not previously described.The material for the study were the corpses of five cats of various ages, who died of calicivirus infection. Autopsy corpses of cats was performed by partial evisceration at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. At postmortem autopsy in cats killed by calicivirus infection indicate catarrhal conjunctivitis, acute catarrhal rhinitis, stomatitis, glossitis, edema and serous and serosanguineous lymphadenitis, and venous congestion and pulmonary edema, liver hyperemia, Muscat. Observed myogenic dilatation of the heart and catarrhal duodenitis.

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Stengel, Christiane, D. Harbour, St Krieger, Susanne Stampf, Katrin Hartmann, and Judit Gastón. "Vergleich zwischen Mehrkatzenbeständen mit und ohne Katzenschnupfen." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 33, no. 05 (2005): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1622486.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Katzenschnupfen ist ein häufiges Problem in der Kleintierpraxis. Eine Reihe von Faktoren beeinflusst das Auftreten der Krankheit. Ziel dieser Arbeit war, Mehrkatzenbestände (≥ 5 Katzen) mit und ohne Katzen-schnupfen zu vergleichen und die Faktoren zu ermitteln, die in diesen Beständen unterschiedlich vorhanden waren. Material und Methoden: In die Studie gingen 21 Fall- und 20 Kontrollbestände ein. In jedem Bestand diente ein Fragebogen der Erhebung möglicher Risikofaktoren. Die Katzen wurden auf felines Herpesvirus 1, felines Calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, felines Immunschwächevirus und felines Leukämievirus untersucht und ein Blutbild wurde angefertigt. Ergebnisse: Von allen untersuchten Faktoren ergaben sich nur in Hinblick auf das häufigere Vorhandensein männlicher Katzen und die höhere Prävalenz von Chlamydophila felis statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Beständen mit und ohne Katzenschnupfen. Andere Erreger waren in “Problembeständen” und in “gesunden Beständen” mit annähernd gleicher Häufigkeit vorhanden. Klinische Relevanz: Zwischen der Kontroll- und der Fallgruppe bestanden wenig signifikante Unterschiede. Viele der untersuchten Faktoren wie Neuzugänge oder schlechte Hygiene im Bestand differierten nicht statistisch signifikant zwischen den Haltungen. Außerdem sind Bestände, in denen Katzenschnupfen nicht auftritt, nicht unbedingt “frei” von Erregern. Viele Katzen können infiziert sein und zeitweise Erreger ausscheiden, ohne Symptome aufzuweisen.

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Enosi Tuipulotu, Daniel, Tulio M. Fumian, Natalie E. Netzler, Jason M. Mackenzie, and Peter A. White. "The Adenosine Analogue NITD008 has Potent Antiviral Activity against Human and Animal Caliciviruses." Viruses 11, no. 6 (2019): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060496.

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The widespread nature of calicivirus infections globally has a substantial impact on the health and well-being of humans and animals alike. Currently, the only vaccines approved against caliciviruses are for feline and rabbit-specific members of this group, and thus there is a growing effort towards the development of broad-spectrum antivirals for calicivirus infections. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the adenosine analogue NITD008 in vitro using three calicivirus model systems namely; feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV), and the human norovirus replicon. We show that the nucleoside analogue (NA), NITD008, has limited toxicity and inhibits calicivirus replication in all three model systems with EC50 values of 0.94 μM, 0.91 µM, and 0.21 µM for MNV, FCV, and the Norwalk replicon, respectively. NITD008 has a similar level of potency to the most well-studied NA 2′-C-methylcytidine in vitro. Significantly, we also show that continual NITD008 treatment effectively cleared the Norwalk replicon from cells and treatment with 5 µM NITD008 was sufficient to completely prevent rebound. Given the potency displayed by NITD008 against several caliciviruses, we propose that this compound should be interrogated further to assess its effectiveness in vivo. In summary, we have added a potent NA to the current suite of antiviral compounds and provide a NA scaffold that could be further modified for therapeutic use against calicivirus infections.

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De Man, Marc MG, and Richard V. Ducatelle. "Bilateral subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in a cat following feline parvo-, herpes- and calicivirus vaccination." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, no. 5 (2007): 432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.05.002.

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A crossbred cat developed a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma on the left side of the thorax at the site of previous administration of a feline parvo-, herpes- and calicivirus vaccine. A few months later the cat developed a second mass on the right side of the thorax after a booster vaccine had been administered at this site. This unique case of bilateral fibrosarcomas in a cat shortly after vaccination with parvo-, herpes- and caliciviruses suggests an individual disposition for the development of vaccine-associated sarcomas and a possible triggering of this type of pathological response which could have precipitated the development of the second tumour. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of vaccine-induced fibrosarcomas occurring bilaterally after injection of a feline parvo-, herpes- and calicivirus containing vaccine at different sides of the thorax.

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Kuyumcu-Martinez, Muge, Gaël Belliot, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Kyeong-Ok Chang, Kim Y. Green, and Richard E. Lloyd. "Calicivirus 3C-Like Proteinase Inhibits Cellular Translation by Cleavage of Poly(A)-Binding Protein." Journal of Virology 78, no. 15 (2004): 8172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.15.8172-8182.2004.

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ABSTRACT Caliciviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals, but little is known about the regulation of cellular translation during infection. We used two distinct calicivirus strains, MD145-12 (genus Norovirus) and feline calicivirus (FCV) (genus Vesivirus), to investigate potential strategies used by the caliciviruses to inhibit cellular translation. Recombinant 3C-like proteinases (r3CLpro) from norovirus and FCV were found to cleave poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) in the absence of other viral proteins. The norovirus r3CLpro PABP cleavage products were indistinguishable from those generated by poliovirus (PV) 3Cpro cleavage, while the FCV r3CLpro products differed due to cleavage at an alternate cleavage site 24 amino acids downstream of one of the PV 3Cpro cleavage sites. All cleavages by calicivirus or PV proteases separated the C-terminal domain of PABP that binds translation factors eIF4B and eRF3 from the N-terminal RNA-binding domain of PABP. The effect of PABP cleavage by the norovirus r3CLpro was analyzed in HeLa cell translation extracts, and the presence of r3CLpro inhibited translation of both endogenous and exogenous mRNAs. Translation inhibition was poly(A) dependent, and replenishment of the extracts with PABP restored translation. Analysis of FCV-infected feline kidney cells showed that the levels of de novo cellular protein synthesis decreased over time as virus-specific proteins accumulated, and cleavage of PABP occurred in virus-infected cells. Our data indicate that the calicivirus 3CLpro, like PV 3Cpro, mediates the cleavage of PABP as part of its strategy to inhibit cellular translation. PABP cleavage may be a common mechanism among certain virus families to manipulate cellular translation.

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Thurston-Enriquez, Jeanette A., Charles N. Haas, Joseph Jacangelo, Kelley Riley, and Charles P. Gerba. "Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Adenovirus Type 40 by UV Radiation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 1 (2003): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.1.577-582.2003.

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ABSTRACT Little information regarding the effectiveness of UV radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. Analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses' infectivity. The inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (AD40), coliphage MS-2, and feline calicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, were determined after exposure to low-pressure UV radiation in buffered demand-free (BDF) water at room temperature. In addition, UV disinfection experiments were also carried out in treated groundwater with FCV and AD40. AD40 was more resistant than either FCV or coliphage MS-2 in both BDF water and groundwater. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in BDF water were 109, 55, and 16 mJ/cm2, respectively. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in groundwater were slightly lower than those in BDF water. FCV was inactivated by 99% by 13 mJ/cm2 in treated groundwater. A dose of 103 mJ/cm2 was required for 99% inactivation of AD40 in treated groundwater. The results of this study indicate that if FCV is an adequate surrogate for human caliciviruses, then their inactivation by UV radiation is similar to those of other single-stranded RNA enteric viruses, such as poliovirus. In addition, AD40 appears to be more resistant to UV disinfection than previously reported.

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Nozdrin, G. A., L. P. Ermakova, I. K. Mensh, Ya E. Borodina, and S. N. Tishkov. "Comparative assessment of the effect of the combined use of Feliferon and Azoxivet and Globfel-4 in feline rhinotracheitis on hematological parameters of white blood." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2020-57-4-118-124.

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The comparative effect of the combined drugs Feliferon and Azoksivet and the drug Globfel-4 for rhinotracheitis in felines on hematological parameters of white blood was studied. In our study on the treatment of viral rhinotracheitis, 16 cats were examined. During the experiment, all cats showed the following clinical signs: lethargy, fever, leakage from the eyes and nasal passages. The animals were kept in separate cages in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates. The control group was given 1 ml subcutaneously, once a day every other day, with a course of 7 injections, immunoglobulin against rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and chlamydia - Globfel-4. The experimental group was treated with drugs Azoxivet intramuscularly in a course of 7 injections, once a day every other day, and Feliferon at a dose of 400,000 IU intramuscularly, once a day. The course of treatment was 7 days. Blood sampling was performed from the anterior saphenous vein of the forearm before and after therapy. The concentration of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was determined on an automatic hematology analyzer Mindray BC-2800. When treating cats with rhinotracheitis with Globfel-4, pronounced leukocytosis, absolute and relative lymphocytosis were noted. With the combined use of Azoxivet and Feliferon, these blood changes do not occur. When treating cats with rhinotracheitis with Globfel-4 or the combined use of Azoxivet and Feliferon, the absolute concentrations of monocytes and granulocytes increase within the physiological norm. The relative concentrations of these white blood phrases increase within the physiological norm only with the combined use of Azoxivet and Feliferon.

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Nozdrin, G. A., L. P. Ermakova, I. K. Mensh, Ya E. Borodina, and S. N. Tishkov. "Comparative assessment of the effect of the combined use of Feliferon and Azoxivet and Globfel-4 in feline rhinotracheitis on hematological parameters of white blood." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2020-57-4-118-124.

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The comparative effect of the combined drugs Feliferon and Azoksivet and the drug Globfel-4 for rhinotracheitis in felines on hematological parameters of white blood was studied. In our study on the treatment of viral rhinotracheitis, 16 cats were examined. During the experiment, all cats showed the following clinical signs: lethargy, fever, leakage from the eyes and nasal passages. The animals were kept in separate cages in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates. The control group was given 1 ml subcutaneously, once a day every other day, with a course of 7 injections, immunoglobulin against rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and chlamydia - Globfel-4. The experimental group was treated with drugs Azoxivet intramuscularly in a course of 7 injections, once a day every other day, and Feliferon at a dose of 400,000 IU intramuscularly, once a day. The course of treatment was 7 days. Blood sampling was performed from the anterior saphenous vein of the forearm before and after therapy. The concentration of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was determined on an automatic hematology analyzer Mindray BC-2800. When treating cats with rhinotracheitis with Globfel-4, pronounced leukocytosis, absolute and relative lymphocytosis were noted. With the combined use of Azoxivet and Feliferon, these blood changes do not occur. When treating cats with rhinotracheitis with Globfel-4 or the combined use of Azoxivet and Feliferon, the absolute concentrations of monocytes and granulocytes increase within the physiological norm. The relative concentrations of these white blood phrases increase within the physiological norm only with the combined use of Azoxivet and Feliferon.

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Willcocks, Margaret M., Michael J. Carter, and Lisa O. Roberts. "Cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4G and inhibition of host-cell protein synthesis during feline calicivirus infection." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 5 (2004): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19564-0.

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Caliciviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are pathogenic for both animals and man. Although their capsid structure and genomic organization are distinct from picornaviruses, they have similarities to these viruses in their non-structural proteins. Picornaviruses induce a rapid inhibition of host-cell cap-dependent protein synthesis and this is mainly achieved through cleavage of eIF4G and/or dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1. In this study, the effect of calicivirus infection was examined on host-cell protein synthesis in order to determine whether they also induce host shut-off. We report that infection of cells with feline calicivirus (FCV) leads to the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. This is accompanied by the cleavage of the eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4GI and eIF4GII in a manner reminiscent of that induced by picornaviruses. However, the cleavages occur at different sites. The potential mechanisms of these cleavage events and the implications for the translation of calicivirus mRNA are discussed.

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Kaiser, William J., Yasmin Chaudhry, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, and Ian G. Goodfellow. "Analysis of protein–protein interactions in the feline calicivirus replication complex." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 2 (2006): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81456-0.

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Caliciviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and cause a wide variety of other diseases in animals. Here, the characterization of protein–protein interactions between the individual proteins of Feline calicivirus (FCV), a model system for other members of the family Caliciviridae, is reported. Using the yeast two-hybrid system combined with a number of other approaches, it is demonstrated that the p32 protein (the picornavirus 2B analogue) of FCV interacts with p39 (2C), p30 (3A) and p76 (3CD). The FCV protease/RNA polymerase (ProPol) p76 was found to form homo-oligomers, as well as to interact with VPg and ORF2, the region encoding the major capsid protein VP1. A weak interaction was also observed between p76 and the minor capsid protein encoded by ORF3 (VP2). ORF2 protein was found to interact with VPg, p76 and VP2. The potential roles of the interactions in calicivirus replication are discussed.

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Bhella, David, Derek Gatherer, Yasmin Chaudhry, Rebecca Pink, and Ian G. Goodfellow. "Structural Insights into Calicivirus Attachment and Uncoating." Journal of Virology 82, no. 16 (2008): 8051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00550-08.

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ABSTRACT The Caliciviridae family comprises positive-sense RNA viruses of medical and veterinary significance. In humans, caliciviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis, while in animals respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, and hemorrhagic disease are documented. Investigation of virus-host interactions is limited by a lack of culture systems for many viruses in this family. Feline calicivirus (FCV), a member of the Vesivirus genus, provides a tractable model, since it may be propagated in cell culture. Feline junctional adhesion molecule 1 (fJAM-1) was recently identified as a functional receptor for FCV. We have analyzed the structure of this virus-receptor complex by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction, combined with fitting of homology modeled high-resolution coordinates. We show that domain 1 of fJAM-1 binds to the outer face of the P2 domain of the FCV capsid protein VP1, inducing conformational changes in the viral capsid. This study provides the first structural view of a native calicivirus-protein receptor complex and insights into the mechanisms of virus attachment and uncoating.

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Radford, Alan D., Karen P. Coyne, Susan Dawson, Carol J. Porter, and Rosalind M. Gaskell. "Feline calicivirus." Veterinary Research 38, no. 2 (2007): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2006056.

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Olspert, Allan, Myra Hosmillo, Yasmin Chaudhry, Lauri Peil, Erkki Truve, and Ian Goodfellow. "Protein-RNA linkage and posttranslational modifications of feline calicivirus and murine norovirus VPg proteins." PeerJ 4 (June 28, 2016): e2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2134.

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Members of theCaliciviridaefamily of positive sense RNA viruses cause a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals. The detailed characterization of the calicivirus life cycle had been hampered due to the lack of robust cell culture systems and experimental tools for many of the members of the family. However, a number of caliciviruses replicate efficiently in cell culture and have robust reverse genetics systems available, most notably feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV). These are therefore widely used as representative members with which to examine the mechanistic details of calicivirus genome translation and replication. The replication of the calicivirus RNA genome occurs via a double-stranded RNA intermediate that is then used as a template for the production of new positive sense viral RNA, which is covalently linked to the virus-encoded protein VPg. The covalent linkage to VPg occurs during genome replication via the nucleotidylylation activity of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Using FCV and MNV, we used mass spectrometry-based approach to identify the specific amino acid linked to the 5′ end of the viral nucleic acid. We observed that both VPg proteins are covalently linked to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) moieties via tyrosine positions 24 and 26 for FCV and MNV respectively. These data fit with previous observations indicating that mutations introduced into these specific amino acids are deleterious for viral replication and fail to produce infectious virus. In addition, we also detected serine phosphorylation sites within the FCV VPg protein with positions 80 and 107 found consistently phosphorylated on VPg-linked viral RNA isolated from infected cells. This work provides the first direct experimental characterization of the linkage of infectious calicivirus viral RNA to the VPg protein and highlights that post-translational modifications of VPg may also occur during the viral life cycle.

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Becker, Alice Silveira, Francielle Liz Monteiro, Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa, Marcelo De Lima, Geferson Fischer, and Silvia De Oliveira Hübner. "CALICIVIROSE SISTÊMICA: UMA ENFERMIDADE EMERGENTE ASSOCIADA AO CALICIVÍRUS FELINO." Science And Animal Health 8, no. 1 (2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/sah.v8i1.18188.

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O calicivírus felino está distribuído mundialmente na população de gatos domésticos, estando geralmente associado a um complexo de doenças que afetam o sistema respiratório e cavidade oral, e incluem conjuntivite, rinosinusite, lacrimejamento, ulceração na mucosa oral e gengivite. Embora ainda não descrito no Brasil, nas últimas décadas alguns países têm relatado surtos envolvendo cepas de calicivírus denominadas de Calicivírus Virulento Sistêmico (Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus, VS-FCV) causando uma enfermidade nova, denominada de Calicivirose Sistêmica. Tal desordem clínica tem um mecanismo complexo e ainda pouco compreendido, que parece afetar mais gravemente gatos adultos e vacinados, resultando em altas taxas de mortalidade. Neste sentido, tanto a enfermidade como o seu agente etiológico vêm se tornando uma preocupação cada vez maior na medicina veterinária. Esta revisão acerca da Calicivirose Sistêmica aborda as características das cepas virais envolvidas, bem como sinais clínicos, métodos de diagnóstico, e possíveis alternativas de tratamento e prevenção.

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Mitra, Tanaji, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, and Kim Y. Green. "Mutagenesis of Tyrosine 24 in the VPg Protein Is Lethal for Feline Calicivirus." Journal of Virology 78, no. 9 (2004): 4931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.9.4931-4935.2004.

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ABSTRACT The genome of feline calicivirus (FCV) is an ∼7.7-kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA molecule that is polyadenylated at its 3′ end and covalently linked to a VPg protein (calculated mass, 12.6 kDa) at its 5′ end. We performed a mutational analysis of the VPg protein in order to identify amino acids potentially involved in linkage to the genome and replication. The tyrosine residues at positions 12, 24, 76, and 104 were changed to alanines by mutagenesis of an infectious FCV cDNA clone. Viruses were recovered when Tyr-12, Tyr-76, or Tyr-104 of the VPg protein was changed to alanine, but virus was not recovered when Tyr-24 was changed to alanine. Growth properties of the recovered viruses were similar to those of the parental virus. We examined whether the amino acids serine, threonine, and phenylalanine could substitute for the tyrosine at position 24, but these mutations were lethal as well. A tyrosine at this relative position is conserved among all calicivirus VPg proteins examined thus far, suggesting that the VPg protein of caliciviruses, like those of picornaviruses and potyviruses, utilizes tyrosine in the formation of a covalent bond with RNA.

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Humoud, Majid N., Nicole Doyle, Elizabeth Royall, et al. "Feline Calicivirus Infection Disrupts Assembly of Cytoplasmic Stress Granules and Induces G3BP1 Cleavage." Journal of Virology 90, no. 14 (2016): 6489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00647-16.

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ABSTRACTIn response to stress such as virus infection, cells can stall translation by storing mRNAs away in cellular compartments called stress granules (SGs). This defense mechanism favors cell survival by limiting the use of energy and nutrients until the stress is resolved. In some cases it may also block viral propagation as viruses are dependent on the host cell resources to produce viral proteins. Human norovirus is a member of theCaliciviridaefamily responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Previous studies on caliciviruses have identified mechanisms by which they can usurp the host translational machinery, using the viral protein genome-linked VPg, or regulate host protein synthesis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Here, we examined the effect of feline calicivirus (FCV) infection on SG accumulation. We show that FCV infection impairs the assembly of SGs despite an increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2α, a hallmark of stress pathway activation. Furthermore, SGs did not accumulate in FCV-infected cells that were stressed with arsenite or hydrogen peroxide. FCV infection resulted in the cleavage of the SG-nucleating protein Ras-GTPase activating SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP1), which is mediated by the viral 3C-like proteinase NS6Pro. Using mutational analysis, we identified the FCV-induced cleavage site within G3BP1, which differs from the poliovirus 3C proteinase cleavage site previously identified. Finally, we showed that NS6Pro-mediated G3BP1 cleavage impairs SG assembly. In contrast, murine norovirus (MNV) infection did not impact arsenite-induced SG assembly or G3BP1 integrity, suggesting that related caliciviruses have distinct effects on the stress response pathway.IMPORTANCEHuman noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, and it is important to understand how they interact with the infected host cell. Feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV) are used as models to understand norovirus biology. Recent studies have suggested that the assembly of stress granules is central in orchestrating stress and antiviral responses to restrict viral replication. Overall, our study provides the first insight on how caliciviruses impair stress granule assembly by targeting the nucleating factor G3BP1 via the viral proteinase NS6Pro. This work provides new insights into host-pathogen interactions that regulate stress pathways during FCV infection.

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Coyne, K. P., F. C. Reed, C. J. Porter, S. Dawson, R. M. Gaskell, and A. D. Radford. "Recombination of Feline calicivirus within an endemically infected cat colony." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 4 (2006): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81537-0.

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To understand the evolution of the family Caliciviridae, the persistence of Feline calicivirus (FCV) was studied within an endemically infected cat colony. Polymerase and capsid sequences were analysed for 34 FCV isolates obtained over a 4 year period. Initially, the colony was infected with one strain of virus, but a second distinct strain was later identified. Subsequently, the emergence of a recombinant virus was observed, containing elements of both of the strains circulating within the colony. The recombination event mapped close to the ORF1/ORF2 junction. This is consistent with recombination in other caliciviruses, suggesting a common mechanism within this family. This is the first report of recombination within the genus Vesivirus in the family Caliciviridae and the first time that a recombination event has been observed where the parental strains have also been identified.

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Nulhakim, Muhammad Agung, Bayu Febram Prasetyo, and Rini Madyastuti Purwono. "Evaluation of Drug Uses for Calicivirus and Panleukopenia Treatment in Bogor Animal Clinic on 2017 and 2018." Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies 1, no. 9 (2021): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/edv.v1i9.202.

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Drug therapy in cases of infections by viruses is only to prevent secondary infections. The use of drugs for each action must be evaluated through a drug use evaluation program (EPO) in order to guarantee a rational and effective drug. This study aims to examine the drugs in case for handling and the effectiveness of drug use in cases of infections caused by viruses, in this study the therapeutic use of drugs in cases of feline calicivirus and feline panleukopenia. This research is a descriptive study using data from 543 patients who came to get treatment of clinic in Bogor City during 2017 and 2018, 29 of which were infected with feline calicivirus and 32 infected with feline panleukopenia. Evaluation of drug use in these two viral diseases is done descriptively by comparing research data with literature. The results showed the use of drugs in the case of feline calicivirus there were 12 types of drug treatment, while in the case of feline panleukopenia there were 9 types of drug treatment. The use of drugs most often used is based on the records of veterinary clinical records, namely the preparation of metronidazole combined with cefadroxil to handle cases of feline calicivirus and metronidazole alone to handle cases of feline panleukopenia.

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Jeong, Hye Mi, and Kwang Yup Kim. "Quantitative Analysis of Feline Calicivirus Inactivation using Real-time RT-PCR." Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety 29, no. 1 (2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2014.29.1.031.

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Kozlenko, T., та O. Martyniuk. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ГІПЕРІМУННОЇ СИРОВАТКИ ПРОТИ КАЛІЦИВІРУСНОЇ ІНФЕКЦІЇ КОТІВ". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, № 3(70) (2016): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7033.

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In Ukraine, as elsewhere in the world, feline calicivirus is one of the most common infectious diseases of cats. The main reason is the continuous growth of infections in animal populations, and high recurrence interest of feline calicivirus in cats that have undergone treatment. In addition, nowadays, it is a chronic disease. Therefore, according to existing treatment regimens, there is a need to develop new, more effective, aimed at the elimination of the pathogen through the appointment of immunomodulators, antibiotics with simultaneous application of specific medicine, including hyperimmune serum against feline calicivirus.The article presents experimental data on the study of various schemes of complex treatment for feline calicivirus using Fosprenil, Tylozine and specific hyperimmune serum against feline calicivirus. Apart from antigenic reaction, medical hyperimmune serum show immunomodulatory properties. It is proved that the use of specific globulin at a dose of 2 ml per animal in the treatment of cats increases the effectiveness of therapy by 25% compared with the use of schemes that included only antibiotic and immune modulator. At the same time, it is known, that the use of globulin without antibiotics and immunomodulators does not show high therapeutic efficacy.

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Baksi, Nazan, and Aynur Simsek. "Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 58 (June 3, 2021): e177172. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2021.177172.

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Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat’s conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.

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Baksi, Nazan, and Aynur Simsek. "Erratum: Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 58 (August 10, 2021): e188699. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2021.188699.

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Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat's conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.

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Shin, Soon-Bum, Eun-Gyoung Oh, Hong-Sik Yu, et al. "Inactivation of a Norovirus Surrogate (Feline Calicivirus) during the Ripening of Oyster Kimch." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 5 (2010): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.5.415.

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Davidson, A. "Vaccination against feline calicivirus." Veterinary Record 132, no. 16 (1993): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.132.16.418.

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Eleraky, Nasser Z., Leon N. D. Potgieter, and Melissa A. Kennedy. "Virucidal Efficacy of Four New Disinfectants." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 38, no. 3 (2002): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0380231.

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Virucidal efficacy was evaluated for four recently available disinfectants: chlorine dioxide, potassium peroxymonosulfate, a quaternary ammonium compound, and citricidal (grapefruit extract). Sodium hypochlorite (3%) and tap water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, and feline parvovirus were exposed to the manufacturers’ recommended dilutions of the evaluated disinfectants. Both chlorine dioxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate completely inactivated the three viruses used in this study. These disinfectants can aid in controlling nosocomial transmission of viruses with less of the deleterious effects of sodium hypochlorite. The quaternary ammonium compound evaluated in this study and citricidal were not effective against feline calicivirus and feline parvovirus.

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de Roda Husman, Ana Maria, Paul Bijkerk, Willemijn Lodder, et al. "Calicivirus Inactivation by Nonionizing (253.7-Nanometer-Wavelength [UV]) and Ionizing (Gamma) Radiation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 9 (2004): 5089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.9.5089-5093.2004.

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ABSTRACT Noroviruses (previously Norwalk-like viruses) are the most common viral agents associated with food- and waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis. In the absence of culture methods for noroviruses, animal caliciviruses were used as model viruses to study inactivation by nonionizing (253.7-nm-wavelength [UV]) and ionizing (gamma) radiation. Here, we studied the respiratory feline calicivirus (FeCV) and the presumed enteric canine calicivirus (CaCV) and compared them with the well-studied bacteriophage MS2. When UV irradiation was used, a 3-log10 reduction was observed at a fluence of 120 J/m2 in the FeCV suspension and at a fluence of 200 J/m2 for CaCV; for the more resistant phage MS2 there was a 3-log10 reduction at a fluence of 650 J/m2. Few or no differences were observed between levels of UV inactivation in high- and low-protein-content virus stocks. In contrast, ionizing radiation could readily inactivate MS2 in water, and there was a 3-log10 reduction at a dose of 100 Gy, although this did not occur when the phage was diluted in high-protein-content stocks of CaCV or FeCV. The low-protein-content stocks showed 3-log10 reductions at a dose of 500 Gy for FeCV and at a dose of 300 for CaCV. The inactivation rates for both caliciviruses with ionizing and nonionizing radiation were comparable but different from the inactivation rates for MS2. Although most FeCV and CaCV characteristics, such as overall particle and genome size and structure, are similar, the capsid sequences differ significantly, making it difficult to predict human norovirus inactivation. Adequate management of UV and gamma radiation processes for virus inactivation should limit public health risks.

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Makino, Akiko, Masayuki Shimojima, Takayuki Miyazawa, Kentaro Kato, Yukinobu Tohya, and Hiroomi Akashi. "Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 Is a Functional Receptor for Feline Calicivirus." Journal of Virology 80, no. 9 (2006): 4482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.9.4482-4490.2006.

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ABSTRACT The life cycle of calicivirus is not fully understood because most of the viruses cannot be propagated in tissue culture cells. We studied the mechanism of calicivirus entry into cells using feline calicivirus (FCV), a cultivable calicivirus. From the cDNA library of Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells, feline junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM-1), an immunoglobulin-like protein present in tight junctions, was identified as a cellular-binding molecule of the FCV F4 strain, a prototype strain in Japan. Feline JAM-1 expression in nonpermissive hamster lung cells led to binding and infection by F4 and all other strains tested. An anti-feline JAM-1 antibody reduced the binding of FCV to permissive CRFK cells and strongly suppressed the cytopathic effect (CPE) and FCV progeny production in infected cells. Some strains of FCV, such as F4 and F25, have the ability to replicate in Vero cells. We found that regardless of replication ability, FCV bound to Vero and 293T cells via simian and human JAM-1, respectively. In Vero cells, an anti-human JAM-1 antibody inhibited binding, CPE, and progeny production by F4 and F25. In addition, feline JAM-1 expression permitted FCV infection in 293T cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that feline JAM-1 is a functional receptor for FCV, simian JAM-1 also functions as a receptor for some strains of FCV, and the interaction between FCV and JAM-1 molecules may be a determinant of viral tropism. This is the first report concerning a functional receptor for the viruses in the family Caliciviridae.

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Yamaguchi, N., D. W. Macdonald, W. C. Passanisi, D. A. Harbour, and C. D. Hopper. "Parasite prevalence in free-ranging farm cats,Felis silvestris catus." Epidemiology and Infection 116, no. 2 (1996): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800052468.

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SUMMARYNo animals tested were positive for feline leukaemia virus antigen andChlamydia psittaciantibodies, but all were positive for antibodies to feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV1) and rotavirus. They had antibodies to feline parvovirus (96%), feline coronavirus (84%) and cowpox virus (2%). Antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was found in 53% of animals, which were less likely to be infected withHaemobartonella felis, and had higher FHV antibody titres than cats without FIV. FCV was isolated from 51% cats and FHV1 and feline reovirus each from 4%.H. feliswas present in 42% of animals, and antibody toToxoplasma gondiiin 62%. Clinical abnormality had a significant association with FIV and feline calicivirus infections, but sex, age, social status and feeding group had no significant association with prevalence of any parasites.Toxocara catiandToxascaris leoninaeggs were found, respectively, in 91% and 82% of animals tested.

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Glotova, T. I., O. V. Semenova, A. A. Nikonova, A. G. Glotov, Y. V. Vyatkin, and A. A. Bondar. "ISOLATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF FELINE CALICIVIRUS IN SIBERIA." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 63, no. 6 (2018): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-6-268-274.

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The results of the study of the distribution of calicivirus infection in a population of domestic cats of different breeds, contained individually or the group method, the virus isolation in the cell culture and a comparative phylogenetic analysis of their nucleotide sequences with published sequences of reference field and vaccine strains of Feline calicivirus (FCV) from other countries: USA, Germany, Japan, China and Korea are presented. Clinical signs of infection were found in 14.3% of the animals examined. After several passages in the primary kidney cells of the kitten embryo, seven cytopathogenic isolates FCV were isolated: 1 - from a cat with an acute infection, 5 - subclinical infection, 1 - systemic infection. They were adapted to continuous FK-81 cells in which they reached a maximum infectious activity of 10.0 ± 1.15 lg TCD 50 / cm3. Based on the sequence analysis of the open reading frame 2 region of the viral genome Eshli strain showed a close relationship with strain KM016908 from China with the identity of the nucleotide sequences between them of 81.0%. The results of the investigations showed that FCV isolates obtained from animals on the territory of Siberia are genetically different from strains included to imported vaccines used to prevent disease in Russian Federation and also among themselves. This causes a decrease in the effectiveness of preventive measures. In nurseries that do not have contacts and connections between themselves but located in the same geographic region FCV populations may have some genetic differences. A close relationship of some field isolates with strains from other countries geographically located so far from the Siberian region has been revealed. Studies on the molecular epizootology of caliciviruses are important in the development of test systems and the monitoring of the spread of strains in Russia.

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Kennedy, MA, VS Mellon, G. Caldwell, and LN Potgieter. "Virucidal efficacy of the newer quaternary ammonium compounds." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 31, no. 3 (1995): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-31-3-254.

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The virucidal activity of several disinfectants containing newer generation quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as their active ingredients was evaluated. Disinfectants were used at the manufacturers' recommended dilutions with isolates of feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, and canine parvovirus, and a contact time of 10 minutes at room temperature. Detoxification of virus/disinfectant solutions was done by dialysis prior to virus assay in cell cultures. Two of four disinfectants completely inactivated feline herpesvirus, and two significantly reduced the titer of this virus. None of the disinfectants that were tested completely inactivated feline calicivirus. Canine parvovirus was not inactivated significantly by any of the QAC disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite completely inactivated all viruses.

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Ramsauer, Sandra, Gert Bay, Marina Meli, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, and Hans Lutz. "Seroprevalence of Selected Infectious Agents in a Free-Ranging, Low-Density Lion Population in the Central Kalahari Game Reserves in Botswana." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 6 (2007): 808–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00307-06.

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ABSTRACT Twenty-one free-ranging Central Kalahari lions (Panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). Canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. All individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.

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Carter, M. J., E. G. Routledge, and G. L. Toms. "Monoclonal Antibodies to Feline Calicivirus." Journal of General Virology 70, no. 8 (1989): 2197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-70-8-2197.

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Ramsey, David T. "Feline Chlamydia and Calicivirus Infections." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 30, no. 5 (2000): 1015–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(00)05004-x.

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Pesavento, Patricia A., Kyeong-Ok Chang, and John S. L. Parker. "Molecular Virology of Feline Calicivirus." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 38, no. 4 (2008): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.03.002.

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Carter, M. J. "Transcription of feline calicivirus RNA." Archives of Virology 114, no. 3-4 (1990): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01310744.

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Tohya, Y., K. Masuoka, E. Takahashi, and T. Mikami. "Neutralizing epitopes of feline calicivirus." Archives of Virology 117, no. 3-4 (1991): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01310763.

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Seal, Bruce S., and John D. Neill. "Capsid protein gene sequence of feline calicivirus isolates 255 and LLK: Further evidence for capsid protein configuration among feline caliciviruses." Virus Genes 9, no. 2 (1995): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01702662.

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SAN GABRIEL, Maria Concepcion S., Yukinobu TOHYA, and Masami MOCHIZUKI. "Isolation of a Calicivirus Antigenically Related to Feline Caliciviruses from Feces of a Dog with Diarrhea." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 58, no. 10 (1996): 1041–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.58.10_1041.

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Yu, Jane, Benjamin Kimble, Jacqueline M. Norris, and Merran Govendir. "Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Administration of Mefloquine to Clinically Normal Cats: A Preliminary In-Vivo Study of a Potential Treatment for Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)." Animals 10, no. 6 (2020): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061000.

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The pharmacokinetic profile of mefloquine was investigated as a preliminary study towards a potential treatment for feline coronavirus infections (such as feline infectious peritonitis) or feline calicivirus infections. Mefloquine was administered at 62.5 mg orally to seven clinically healthy cats twice weekly for four doses and mefloquine plasma concentrations over 336 h were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) after a single oral dose of mefloquine was 2.71 ug/mL and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 15 h. The elimination half-life was 224 h. The plasma concentration reached a higher level at 4.06 ug/mL when mefloquine was administered with food. Adverse effects of dosing included vomiting following administration without food in some cats. Mild increases in serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), but not creatinine, concentrations were observed. Mefloquine may provide a safe effective treatment for feline coronavirus and feline calicivirus infections in cats.

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MATTISON, K., K. KARTHIKEYAN, M. ABEBE, et al. "Survival of Calicivirus in Foods and on Surfaces: Experiments with Feline Calicivirus as a Surrogate for Norovirus." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 2 (2007): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.2.500.

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Although there is a large body of evidence incriminating foods as vehicles in the transmission of norovirus, little is known about virus survival in foods and on surfaces. Feline calicivirus was used as a surrogate for norovirus to investigate its survival in representative foods of plant and animal origin and on metal surfaces. Known concentrations of feline calicivirus in a natural fecal suspension were deposited onto lettuce, strawberries, ham, or stainless steel and incubated for 7 days at refrigeration or room temperatures. Virus was recovered at 1-day intervals, and the titers of the virus were determined by plaque assay. Infectious virus was recoverable until day 7 from lettuce, ham, and stainless steel. Statistically higher titers of feline calicivirus (P &lt; 0.05) were recovered from ham under all conditions than from lettuce, strawberries, or stainless steel. These data provide valuable information for epidemiological and monitoring purposes as well as for the development of food processing practices and appropriate strategies to inactivate norovirus and control its transmission via foods and surfaces.

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Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V., Gaël Belliot, Kyeong-Ok Chang, Oge Onwudiwe, and Kim Y. Green. "Feline Calicivirus VP2 Is Essential for the Production of Infectious Virions." Journal of Virology 79, no. 7 (2005): 4012–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.7.4012-4024.2005.

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ABSTRACT The third open reading frame (ORF3) located at the 3′ end of the genomic RNA of feline calicivirus (FCV) encodes a small (12.2-kDa) minor structural protein of 106 amino acids designated VP2. Point mutations and deletions were introduced into an infectious FCV cDNA clone in order to evaluate the functional importance of ORF3 and its encoded protein, VP2. Deletion of the entire ORF3 sequence was lethal for the virus, and evidence was found for strong selective pressure to produce the VP2 protein. Extended deletions in the 5′ end and small deletions in the 3′ end of ORF3, as well as the introduction of stop codons into the ORF3 sequence, were tolerated by the viral replication machinery, but infectious virus could not be recovered. Infectious virus particles could be rescued from a full-length FCV cDNA clone encoding a nonfunctional VP2 when VP2 was provided in trans from a eukaryotic expression plasmid. Our data indicate that VP2, a protein apparently unique to the caliciviruses, is essential for productive replication that results in the synthesis and maturation of infectious virions and that the ORF3 nucleotide sequence itself overlaps a cis-acting RNA signal at the genomic 3′ end.

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Kim, Yunjeong, Vinay Shivanna, Sanjeev Narayanan, et al. "Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors against 3C-Like Proteases of Feline Coronaviruses and Feline Caliciviruses." Journal of Virology 89, no. 9 (2015): 4942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03688-14.

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ABSTRACTFeline infectious peritonitis and virulent, systemic calicivirus infection are caused by certain types of feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) and feline caliciviruses (FCVs), respectively, and are important infectious diseases with high fatality rates in members of the Felidae family. While FCoV and FCV belong to two distinct virus families, theCoronaviridaeand theCaliciviridae, respectively, they share a dependence on viral 3C-like protease (3CLpro) for their replication. Since 3CLpro is functionally and structurally conserved among these viruses and essential for viral replication, 3CLpro is considered a potential target for the design of antiviral drugs with broad-spectrum activities against these distinct and highly important viral infections. However, small-molecule inhibitors against the 3CLpro enzymes of FCoV and FCV have not been previously identified. In this study, derivatives of peptidyl compounds targeting 3CLpro were synthesized and evaluated for their activities against FCoV and FCV. The structures of compounds that showed potent dual antiviral activities with a wide margin of safety were identified and are discussed. Furthermore, thein vivoefficacy of 3CLpro inhibitors was evaluated using a mouse model of coronavirus infection. Intraperitoneal administration of two 3CLpro inhibitors in mice infected with murine hepatitis virus A59, a hepatotropic coronavirus, resulted in significant reductions in virus titers and pathological lesions in the liver compared to the findings for the controls. These results suggest that the series of 3CLpro inhibitors described here may have the potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents against these important viruses in domestic and wild cats. This study provides important insights into the structure and function relationships of 3CLpro for the design of antiviral drugs with broader antiviral activities.IMPORTANCEFeline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is the leading cause of death in young cats, and virulent, systemic feline calicivirus (vs-FCV) causes a highly fatal disease in cats for which no preventive or therapeutic measure is available. The genomes of these distinct viruses, which belong to different virus families, encode a structurally and functionally conserved 3C-like protease (3CLpro) which is a potential target for broad-spectrum antiviral drug development. However, no studies have previously reported a structural platform for the design of antiviral drugs with activities against these viruses or on the efficacy of 3CLpro inhibitors against coronavirus infection in experimental animals. In this study, we explored the structure-activity relationships of the derivatives of 3CLpro inhibitors and identified inhibitors with potent dual activities against these viruses. In addition, the efficacy of the 3CLpro inhibitors was demonstrated in mice infected with a murine coronavirus. Overall, our study provides the first insight into a structural platform for anti-FIPV and anti-FCV drug development.

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Ueki, You, Mika Shoji, Atsushi Suto, et al. "Persistence of Caliciviruses in Artificially Contaminated Oysters during Depuration." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 17 (2007): 5698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00290-07.

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ABSTRACT The fate of calicivirus in oysters in a 10-day depuration was assessed. The norovirus gene was persistently detected from artificially contaminated oysters during the depuration, whereas feline calicivirus in oysters was promptly eliminated. The prolonged observation of norovirus in oysters implies the existence of a selective retention mechanism for norovirus within oysters.

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Addie, D., H. Poulet, M. C. Golder, et al. "Ability of antibodies to two new caliciviral vaccine strains to neutralise feline calicivirus isolates from the UK." Veterinary Record 163, no. 12 (2008): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.163.12.355.

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Veir, JK, MR Lappin, JE Foley, and DM Getzy. "Feline Inflammatory Polyps: Historical, Clinical, and PCR Findings for Feline Calici Virus and Feline Herpes Virus-1 in 28 Cases." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 4, no. 4 (2002): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jfms.2002.0172.

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Inflammatory polyps are associated with significant aural or nasopharyngeal disease in cats. It has been proposed that chronic viral infection may induce the masses. Ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) is usually recommended for definitive therapy but removal of masses from the nasopharynx or external ear canal by traction/avulsion is also used. A retrospective study of 28 cats with inflammatory polyps was conducted to correlate recurrence with mode of therapy. Tissues from 41 polyps were assayed for feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus-1 by RT-PCR and PCR, respectively. Of the 14 cats initially treated by traction/avulsion, recurrence was detected in five of nine cats with radiographic evidence of bulla disease but none of the cats with normal bullae. Traction/avulsion is a reasonable treatment for inflammatory polyps if the bullae are radiographically normal. Failure to detect feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus-1 suggests that tissue persistence of these viruses is not associated with the development of inflammatory polyps.

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DICK, C. P., R. P. JOHNSON, and S. YAMASHIRO. "Sites of persistence of feline calicivirus." Research in Veterinary Science 47, no. 3 (1989): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31263-3.

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Zhou, L., and M. Luo. "Crystallographic study of a feline calicivirus." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (1996): C184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767396091957.

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Hurley, Kate F., and Jane E. Sykes. "Update on feline calicivirus: new trends." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 33, no. 4 (2003): 759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00025-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Felines Calicivirus'

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