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Academic literature on the topic 'Fellowship of the Least Coin'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fellowship of the Least Coin"
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Percus, O. E., and J. K. Percus. "Coin tossing, revisited." Journal of Applied Probability 25, no. 1 (March 1988): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214234.
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An iterated sequence of Bernoulli trials is carried out and the success probability estimated at each point on the sequence by the current success ratio. We find the probability P1 that this estimate always lies above some pre-selected rational fraction p′, and its complement P2, the probability that it will reach p′ or below at least once. In the region p′ ≧ p, P1 = 0. In the region p′ < p, P1 ≠ 0 and is furthermore a discontinuous function of p′ at every rational p′.
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Percus, O. E., and J. K. Percus. "Coin tossing, revisited." Journal of Applied Probability 25, no. 01 (March 1988): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020004064x.
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An iterated sequence of Bernoulli trials is carried out and the success probability estimated at each point on the sequence by the current success ratio. We find the probability P 1 that this estimate always lies above some pre-selected rational fraction p′, and its complement P 2, the probability that it will reach p′ or below at least once. In the region p′ ≧ p, P 1 = 0. In the region p′ < p, P 1 ≠ 0 and is furthermore a discontinuous function of p′ at every rational p′.
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Yu, Chun He, Xiao Feng Tian, and Dan Ping Zhang. "An Improved Device of Detecting True and False Coin." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1589.
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In order to reduce the loss of an automatic coin machine for using a 1-Yuan false coin, an improved device is designed by applying the eddy current nondestructive testing technology, which uses two distinct frequency signals to detect the information of coin. The device includes four modules: two LC oscillating circuits, signal processing module, microprocessor module and external control circuits. The detection algorithm selects two counting values under two distinct frequency signals. The low frequency circuit detects the information of the coin material, and the high frequency circuit detects the feature of the coin surface. The detection region of true coin is decided by the method of least square. The experiment shows that the device has the characters of stability, reliability and high accuracy.
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Estolano, Patrick Joseph L., and Antonio H. Chua. "Spontaneous Passage of Ingested Coin in Children." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 30, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v30i2.345.
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Objective: To determine the factors related to spontaneous passage of ingested coins in children.
Methods:
Study Design: Retrospective Study
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Subjects: The records of 136 pediatric patients with a history of coin ingestion seen at the emergency room department of our institution between December 2012 and May 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data such as age and gender of the patient were recorded, including the type of coin, location of coin in the esophagus, time of ingestion and time of spontaneous passage into the stomach (for those that passed spontaneously).
Results: Spontaneous passage in 27 out of 136 pediatric patients with radiographic evidence of a round radio-opaque foreign body initially located in the esophagus eventually passed into the stomach or intestines, accounting for 20% of the total number of cases. Coin ingestion was more common in patients aged 5 to 6 years (33% of cases), with slight male predominance (58%). One peso coins were the most common type of coin ingested, however only 24% of these spontaneously passed. The rate of spontaneous passage was highest in smaller sized coins (5 and 25 centavo coin) compared to larger sized coins (5 peso). Proximally located coins, albeit more common than middle and distally located coins, were the least likely to spontaneously pass (12%). Average time interval from ingestion to passage of the coin was 12 hours.
Conclusion: Many factors are related to spontaneous passage of foreign bodies in the esophagus. The age of the patient, type of coin ingested, and initial location of the coin in the esophagus should be considered. Older patients, smaller sized coins, and distally located coins have the highest probability of spontaneous passage beyond the esophagus. A 12-hour observation period may be considered in patients with single esophageal coin ingestion.
Keywords: foreign body, esophagus, esophagoscopy
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Aiello, Matthew. "Extended training to prepare GPs for future workforce needs: a qualitative investigation of a 1-year fellowship in urgent care." British Journal of General Practice 68, suppl 1 (June 2018): bjgp18X696953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x696953.
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BackgroundIt has been argued that UK general practice specialist training should be extended, to better prepare GPs for challenges facing 21st-century health care. Evidence is needed to inform how this should occur.AimTo investigate the experience of recently trained GPs undertaking a 1-year full-time fellowship programme; in particular, workforce impact and career development potential. The fellowship was designed to provide advanced skills training in urgent care, integrated care, leadership, and academic practice.MethodSemi-structured interviews conducted longitudinally over 2 years, augmented by observational data in West Midlands, England. Participants were interviewed on at least three occasions: twice while undertaking the fellowship, and at least once post-completion. Participants’ clinical and academic activities were observed. Data were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsSeven GPs participated in the pilot scheme. The fellowship was highly rated and felt to be balanced in terms of the opportunities for skill development, academic advancement, and confidence building. GPs experienced enhanced employability on completing the scheme, and at follow-up were working in a variety of primary care/urgent care interface clinical and leadership roles. Participants believed the fellowship made general practice a more attractive career option for newly qualified doctors.ConclusionThe fellowship provides a defined framework for training GPs to work in an enhanced manner across organisational interfaces, with the skills to support service improvement and integration. The fellowship model appears appropriate to prepare GPs for portfolio roles. Its impact on NHS service delivery continues to be investigated by Health Education England.
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Anwar, Hafeez, Serwah Sabetghadam, and Peter Bell. "An Image-Based Class Retrieval System for Roman Republican Coins." Entropy 22, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080799.
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We propose an image-based class retrieval system for ancient Roman Republican coins that can be instrumental in various archaeological applications such as museums, Numismatics study, and even online auctions websites. For such applications, the aim is not only classification of a given coin, but also the retrieval of its information from standard reference book. Such classification and information retrieval is performed by our proposed system via a user friendly graphical user interface (GUI). The query coin image gets matched with exemplar images of each coin class stored in the database. The retrieved coin classes are then displayed in the GUI along with their descriptions from a reference book. However, it is highly impractical to match a query image with each of the class exemplar images as there are 10 exemplar images for each of the 60 coin classes. Similarly, displaying all the retrieved coin classes and their respective information in the GUI will cause user inconvenience. Consequently, to avoid such brute-force matching, we incrementally vary the number of matches per class to find the least matches attaining the maximum classification accuracy. In a similar manner, we also extend the search space for coin class to find the minimal number of retrieved classes that achieve maximum classification accuracy. On the current dataset, our system successfully attains a classification accuracy of 99% for five matches per class such that the top ten retrieved classes are considered. As a result, the computational complexity is reduced by matching the query image with only half of the exemplar images per class. In addition, displaying the top 10 retrieved classes is far more convenient than displaying all 60 classes.
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Bogner, Hillary R., Stephanie Abbuhl, Lucy Wolf Tuton, Bridget Dougherty, Diana Zarowin, Alejandra Guevara, and Heather McClintock. "Developing leadership in women’s health research." Leadership in Health Services 33, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-02-2020-0006.
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Purpose Recruiting medical students into women’s health and gender-based medical research is important internationally. Medical student research training is critical for developing future women’s health leaders who are adept at conducting high-impact research. This paper aims to describe a six-month medical student research fellowship in women’s health in terms of fellowship recipients’ publications related to their research project and future academic careers. Design/methodology/approach Targeted searches of fellowship recipients and their fellowship mentors were conducted in PubMed and Scopus from 2001–2017. Prior student fellows were also e-mailed and called to assess whether they held academic positions. Findings Since 2001, funds have been secured to support a total of 83 students (69 women, 14 men) in a mentored research experience in women’s health and gender-based medicine. In total, 48 out of the 83 (57.8%) medical student fellowship recipients published at least one peer-reviewed research paper or scientific review related to their research project. Of the 50 prior recipients with a least five years of follow-up data (41 women, 9 men), 26 (52%) were in academic careers. Research limitations/implications Because this is an observational study and only medical students interested in women’s health applied to be a student fellow, there is an inability to infer causality. Practical implications Following completion of the medical student research training fellowship in women’s health, more than half of recipients published in peer-reviewed medical journals on their research project. Originality/value This study explores the association of an innovative medical student experience in women’s health research on subsequent fellowship-related publications and career outcomes, contributing to the body of knowledge on the influence of a mentored research leadership program for medical students on academic professional development.
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Pagan-Rosado, Robert, Mark Friedrich Hurdle, Claudia Jimenez, Andrea Cheville, and Raul A. Rosario-Concepcion. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship Websites." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 8 (January 2021): 238212052110283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23821205211028346.
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Objective: To evaluate the comprehensiveness of primary care sports medicine fellowship websites and identify potential areas of improvement. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of fellowship program websites using quantitative and descriptive statistics. Setting: Internet. Participants: A total of 192 primary care sports medicine fellowship websites listed on the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) website. Independent Variables: Program Specialty and Program Region. Main Outcome Measures: The presence or absence of 19 predetermined criteria on primary care sports medicine fellowship websites. Results: The average number of criteria that was included on each website was 9.8 (SD 3.5) (51.6%) of the possible 19. Programs had as few as 2 of the 19 (10.5%) criteria included on their website, and others had as many as 17 of the 19 (89.4%) criteria. Of the 192 primary care sports medicine fellowships, only 5 (2.6%) addressed at least 80% of the 19 different criteria. No primary care sports medicine fellowship website included all 19 criteria. Conclusions: Most primary care sports medicine fellowship websites do not offer comprehensive information about their programs for prospective applicants.
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Davie, Grace. "Belief and Unbelief: Two sides of a Coin." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 15, no. 3 (August 15, 2013): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x13000410.
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It is widely recognised that the process of secularisation takes place differently in different parts of the world. Less often appreciated is the wide variety of ‘secularities’ (and indeed of ‘secularisms’) that emerge as a result. This article will look at this question systematically, and will try to identify at least some of the factors that must be taken into account if we are to understand unbelief as well as belief. In so doing it builds on the author's earlier work relating to patterns of religion in modern Europe.1
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Song, Myungkeun, Won Seok Lee, and Joonho Moon. "Exploration of Antecedents of Quality of Life and Perceived Healthiness for Senior Citizen at Chungbuk Province." Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.3.202209.417.
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Purpose - The purpose of current study is to investigate the determinants of quality of life in Chungbuk province using Korean longitudinal study aging data. Design/methodology/approach - This study used quality of life and perceived healthiness as the dependent variables. This study selected perceived healthiness, economic participation, annual travel frequency, religion, and fellowship as the independent variables to account for quality of life. For the data analysis, this study implemented econometric analysis, which includes ordinary least square, one-way fixed effect, and feasible generalized least square. Findings - Perceived healthiness positively affected quality of life. Also, quality of life is positively influenced by economic participation and annual travel frequency. However, religion and fellowship appeared as non-significant attribute to account for quality of life. The results also present that perceived healthiness is positively influenced by economic participation, annual travel frequency, and fellowship. Research implications or Originality - Given the results, this offers the implication for the senior citizen welfare policy. This study also produced policy implication for local community.
Books on the topic "Fellowship of the Least Coin"
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Elkins, Nathan T. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648039.003.0005.
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The strong correspondence between laudatory rhetoric in poetry and panegyric and the images that appear on Nerva’s coins allows a reinvestigation of the age-old debate regarding the agency behind the creation of Roman imperial coin iconography. The evidence available, at least in Nerva’s reign, suggests that the emperor was not the agent; instead, a prominent individual in charge of the mint was responsible for the selection of the imagery. By attending to Trajanic records, it appears that such individuals were very close to the emperor and known to him. This suggests that prominent equestrians in charge of the mint thus were part of the emperor’s inner circle and walked in the same social circles as the people who inked praise directed at the emperor: Martial, Frontinus, Tacitus, and Pliny. These prominent equestrians were thus in a position to visualize the rhetoric used to praise the emperor.
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Foster, Charles. On Being Not Depressed. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801900.003.0003.
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This chapter is written from the perspective of someone who claims never to have suffered from depression. When asked if he has ever been depressed, the author of this chapter reports that he responds vaguely. He states he can be evasive and pompous, insisting that he does not think he satisfies all the clinical criteria. The reason why he is reluctant to accept the notion that he is depressed is not because he feels ashamed about being depressive. On the contrary, he feels that he does not belong to the community of the depressed—an elite club with a black, glorious fellowship of agony in which he cannot share. Another reason is that depression and its symptoms are impossible to describe, even if the will to describe them is intense. No metaphors or similes are sufficient to describe what happens. The author says he is better off with the unnamed and unnamable. He concludes by suggesting that the least unsatisfactory picture is of auto-immune disease: self-consumption.
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Owusu-Daaku, Frances. Playing Second Fiddle- Harmony Or Timidity?! Noyam Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38159/npub.eb2021902.
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In Playing Second Fiddle, Frances vividly narrates how as a female, one can still play a significant and fulfilling role as the sacrificial lamb or ‘second fiddle’ that can eventually open doors for other females to excel or succeed! Using many biblical examples, Frances shows how significant accomplishments occurred through many people who played second fiddle (cannon fodder) roles such as John the Baptist for Jesus Christ the Saviour of the world; Andrew for Peter who later became the ‘rock’ among the disciples of Jesus; or Barnabas for John Mark who became the author of the first gospel in the bible. In her life experience, she was the first visibly Christian Fellowship female to serve as a Hall President in Africa Hall, the only female and only student to complete a pioneering M.Sc. programme in Pharmaceutical Chemistry as well as the first established Ghanaian female lecturer in the then Faculty of Pharmacy (now Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences). Focusing on female leadership in KNUST and in the Pharmacy Profession, the author cites the instance of at least four females including her, (and myself) who were nominated for the post of Pro-Vice-Chancellor in KNUST, but none got elected for the position. Eventually, the next female nominated for the position after her turn was successfully elected and moved on to be elected as the Vice-Chancellor! Apparently, some people must act as sacrificial lambs or forerunners (cannon fodders) for the ultimate to be realized! Her experiences in the pharmacy profession also tell the same story: although the Pharmaceutical Society of Ghana (PSGH) has been in existence for about 85 years, no female has been elected President. The closest is the Vice-President position of which she was the first among the three that have so far been elected; with the hope that eventually a female president will one day emerge! The book concludes with some useful advice to all females who may aspire for leadership positions in the Ghanaian society: such as being assertive, but with decorum; working hard, encouraging and mentoring others, etc. in order to succeed.
Book chapters on the topic "Fellowship of the Least Coin"
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Tabing-Reyes, Corazon. "The Fellowship of the Least Coin as an Ecumenical Movement of Prayer for Peace, Justice and Reconciliation." In Asian Handbook for Theological Education and Ecumenism, 350–52. Fortress Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ddcmr3.45.
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Blumenberg, Hans. "Of Nonunderstanding." In History, Metaphors, Fables, 562–65. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501732829.003.0025.
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This chapter reflects on Hans Blumenberg's “Of Nonunderstanding: Glosses on Three Fables” (1984). The first fable is “The Pauper's Coin.” Blumenberg read this fable as a hint about how important it is for the poor man, too, to carry at least a small coin about him. The second is a lyric fable of Babrios from the second century, in which Zeus, Poseidon, and Athena engage in an art competition. Meanwhile, the Spanish humanist Juan Luis Vives recorded the fable of the peasant who killed a donkey because it swallowed the moon while drinking from a bucket, and because the world could sooner do without a donkey than without heaven's lamp. The chapter then considers the different ways that this fable can be read.
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Weisser, Bernhard. "Pergamum as Paradigm." In Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199265268.003.0016.
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The Editors of this Book Requested a study of an individual city to contrast with the broader regional surveys. This contribution attempts to demonstrate the advantages of a fuller exploration of the specific context of a civic coinage by focusing on selected issues from the coinage of Pergamum— alongside Ephesus and Smyrna one of the three largest cities in the Western part of Asia Minor. In the Julio-Claudian period Pergamum’s coin designs were dominated by the imperial succession and the city’s first neocorate temple (17 BC–AD 59). In AD 59 Pergamum’s coinage stopped for more than two decades. When it resumed under Domitian (AD 83) new topics were continuously introduced until the reign of Caracalla (AD 211–17). These included gods, cults, heroes, personifications, architecture, sculpture, games, and civic titles. After Caracalla the city concentrated on a few key images, such as Asclepius or the emperor. At the same time, coin legends— especially civic titles—gained greater importance. This trend continued until the city’s coinage came to an end under Gallienus (AD 253–68). The overall range of Pergamum’s coin iconography was broadly similar to that of other cities in the East of the Roman empire. Coins of Pergamum from the imperial period fall into (at least) sixty-four issues, the most diverse of which employed twenty different coin types. In all, around 340 different types are currently known. They provide a solid base from which to explore various relationships. These include the relationship between coin obverses and reverses, as well as the place of an individual coin type within its own issue, and within the city’s coinage as a whole. Coin designs could allude to objects and events within Pergamum itself, or focus on the city’s connections with the outside world: with small neighbouring cities, with the other great cities within the province of Asia, or with Rome and the imperial family. Communication via the medium of civic coinage was in the first instance presumably directed towards the citizens of Pergamum. At the same time coinage also reflected developments outside the city. Social and geographical mobility was encouraged by an imperial system which allowed distinguished members of local elites access to the highest military and administrative posts.
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Collins, John. "Semantic and syntactic intuitions." In Linguistic Intuitions, 89–108. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840558.003.0006.
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The chapter argues that so-called semantic and syntactic intuitions, as appealed to as evidence in linguistic theory, are two sides of the same coin. Speaker-hearers do not have direct intuitive access to linguistic facts, but instead have intuitions about what can be said with a sentence; it is the theorist’s task to sieve such coarse-grained reports to discover the contribution of semantic and syntactic principles to the content associated with a sentence. The chapter contends that this conception better accommodates the complexity of linguistic phenomena vis-à-vis intuition. It also shows how the position is defensible against two troubling linguistic phenomena: one where we find interpretation without grammaticality, and another where we find grammaticality without interpretation. Both cases are illusory, at least as so described. In both, grammaticality (syntactic soundness) is aligned with semantic interpretability.
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Mazur, Joseph. "Silk and Royal Roads." In Enlightening Symbols. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691173375.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the important role played by the Silk and Royal roads in the spread of teaching and knowledge of philosophy, science, and mathematics during ancient times. The Silk Road was a series of land and sea routes criss-crossing Eurasia and connecting to other routes traveled mostly by Indian merchants, agents, and explorers. Formed sometime around the second century BC, it connected to the Royal Road in the Zagros Mountains of Persia. Commercial trade was done mostly through bartering, but fair bartering required at least a rough estimate of value, an understanding of conversions of weights and measures: square areas of silk, or weights of gold, or value of coin. The chapter describes the number system that allowed the Chinese to “name” large numbers, as well as the system of counting rods to do practical arithmetic.
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Loh, Christian Sebastian, and Jae Hwan Byun. "Modding Neverwinter Nights Into Serious Games." In Digital Simulations for Improving Education, 408–26. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-322-7.ch022.
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Game Modification, or Modding, is a unique and valuable way of learning with digital games as well as a means to earn beginners’ stripes in the game design world. Beginners who emerge successful from a modding experience, having created at least one playable game, have stepped out of the comfort zone of being gamers, and shown the courage in taking on a real-world adventure. Their rewards are altogether different from having beaten the toughest boss in a game. A team of modders share a unique bond with one another as comrades, as members of a fellowship. It is an experience found, not in the retelling of ancient epics by others, but in the making of one’s own adventure. This chapter is an account of one such undertaking that shows the potential and value of game modding for education, Readers who are contemplating the use of game modding for creating serious games should find the chapter useful.
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Raffaele, Battaglini, and Davico Davide. "Part II Defining and Assessing the Scope of the Crowdfunding Regulation, 6 Is the Crowdfunding Regulation Future-Proof?: Forms of Blockchain-based Crowdfunding Falling Outside of the Scope of the Regulation." In The EU Crowdfunding Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192856395.003.0006.
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This chapter assesses the scope of application of the Crowdfunding Regulation ratione materiae, with reference to the rapidly evolving world of blockchain-based crowdfunding techniques, such as Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), Initial Token Offerings (ITOs), and Initial Exchange Offerings (IEOs). It investigates whether the choice to exclude ICOs/ITOs/IEOs from the scope of the Crowdfunding Regulation was correct. The chapter then presents a comparison between the Regulation and the future possible regulation of crypto-assets in the EU, with particular reference to the proposed Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) Regulation, and the Distributed Ledger Technology Pilot Regime. Cryptocurrencies pose two questions that seem far from being resolved: their definition and their legal nature. The term ‘cryptocurrency’ refers to the concept of money, which is misleading or at least reductive. Depending on their functions and technological peculiarities, cryptocurrencies may differ significantly from one to another, which necessarily affects their legal nature.
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Jersey, Philip De. "Evidence of Absence? The Rarity of Gold in Durotrigan Iron Age Coinage." In Communities and Connections. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230341.003.0030.
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Generations of archaeologists have done well to remember the truism that ‘absence of evidence is not evidence of absence’. About fifteen years ago I presented Barry Cunliffe with what I regarded as some rather distressingly blank distribution maps of various Iron Age artefacts in northwest France. Far from agreeing with my pessimistic view of the possibility of saying anything very meaningful about such paltry evidence, Barry reminded me of the ‘absence of evidence’ maxim, and encouraged me to think more deeply about the apparent gaps, and to question my assumptions about the usefulness or otherwise of the data—in short, to look more positively at the opportunities for investigating such seemingly negative evidence. It is perhaps a little ironic, then, that in this tribute to Barry’s unrivalled influence on Iron Age studies, I would like to present an example where I am nearly sure that the absence of evidence does indicate evidence of absence. My subject is the lack of a significant gold coinage among the Durotriges of Dorset, in contrast to every other major coin-using polity in late Iron Age Britain. My aim is to demonstrate that this lack of gold coinage is a genuine phenomenon, and not the result of partial or inadequate evidence; and to suggest some reasons why this situation may have arisen. Before focusing more narrowly on Dorset in the mid-first century BC, we need to consider the background to the importation and the production of gold coinage in Britain. Although there were probably very occasional imports of coinage from the time of the earliest ‘Celtic’ imitations, perhaps in the mid-third century BC, the first significant inflows of gold coin did not occur until at least the mid-second century BC. These began with the ‘large flan’ stater and quarter stater (Gallo-Belgic A), probably struck in central and western Belgic Gaul, in the territories later identified with the Ambiani and the Bellovaci. Their distribution in Britain is focused on the Thames estuary, with the majority of findspots in Essex and Kent (Sills 2003: 136, 153). At roughly the same time, the ‘defaced die’ staters and quarter staters (Gallo-Belgic B) were also imported into Britain, perhaps from the territory of the Nervii (Sills 2003: 185–6).
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Hinton, David A. "Alfred et al." In Gold and Gilt, Pots and Pins. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199264537.003.0009.
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A distinguishing feature of the ninth century is the amount of precious metal that has survived from it. Some of this comes from hoards, for in contrast to the eighth century there are several with both coins and objects, as well as some only with coins and some only with objects. The latest coin in a hoard provides no more than the earliest possible date at which it could have been deposited, but at least that is a fixed point in one direction, and its owner was unlikely to keep a store of coins for long without occasionally taking some out or putting others in. Objects in hoards, of course, may always include some treasured heirlooms, as may furnished graves, but at least perceived similarity to works in other media is not their only dating criterion. A few objects can be dated because they have an identifiable name on them. A gold and niello ring inscribed Ethelwulf R[e]x at the bottom of the bezel associates it with King Aethelwulf, ruler of Wessex from 839 to 858 (Fig. 4.1, right). The ring was not necessarily made for him to wear himself, but for him to give to a follower as a permanent reminder of the service owed to its donor, though a Beowulf seeking a ‘generous ring-giver’ might not have thought its inscription sufficient compensation for its modest weight. Alternatively, it could have acted like a seal, to accompany a royal messenger and validate that his news or instructions came from the king; or have been used as a guarantee of a land donation and a physical reminder of the event at which the grant had been made. That might have been the reason why the name of Queen Aethelswith was added to the back of another gold ring, thus associating it with Aethelwulf’s daughter, who was queen of Mercia from 853 to 874 (Fig. 4.1, left). The inscription may have been an afterthought, needed when the ring was used for an unanticipated purpose. A third explanation is that both rings were baptismal; above Aethelwulf’s name are two birds at the Fountain of Life, and the bezel of Aethelswith’s ring has the Lamb of St John the Baptist.
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Yarmolinsky, Adam. "Constraints and Opportunities." In Rethinking Liberal Education. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097726.003.0011.
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Liberal education has always proved a challenge to deliver systematically, if only because by its very nature it is difficult to specify. In the United States, institutions that seek to offer liberal education on the threshold of a new century operate under new or, at least, significantly more chafing constraints. This article examines some of these constraints and suggests ways in which they can be relieved or accommodated. The principle constraints discussed here are those of shrinking material resources, expanding and accelerating expectations, and increasing heterogeneity across the student body. In the face of these constraints, academic institutions from small liberal arts colleges to large research universities are no better able than other institutions to adapt themselves to changing circumstances—and perhaps a little bit less so. Resource constraints stem from internal and external causes. The internal causes, I will argue, are the result of an economic anomaly. It is not possible for the direct delivery of liberal education to become significantly more efficient in the same way that other economic processes do, at least in part because liberal education is not something that can be "delivered": thus, there is a productivity lag behind other sectors in the economy. The institution cannot fully compensate for this lag by making improvements in the efficiency of other activities (e.g., computing or building maintenance). The external causes, in the public sector, arise from the insistent demands for other uses of public funds, combined with continued popular resistance to tax levels comparable to those of other industrial democracies. In the private sector, the external cause is the declining capacity (or willingness) of families and individual payers to meet even a partial share of the cost of liberal education. Other constraints result from expanding and accelerating expectations as students and their families demand that they be prepared for specific jobs or get a leg up on specific postgraduate professional training. In a sense this is the other side of the coin of employers' broader demand for higher education. As the proportion of jobs requiring undergraduate and graduate degrees has increased, the vocational aspect of higher education has increased accordingly.
Reports on the topic "Fellowship of the Least Coin"
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McGee, Steven, Lucia Dettori, and Andrew Rasmussen. Impact of the CPS Computer Science Graduation Policy on Student Access and Outcomes. The Learning Partnership, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/report.2022.4.
Full textAbstract:
The Chicago Public Schools (CPS) leads the nation in computer science education. Each year 14,000 Chicago Public Schools students graduate with at least one year of computer science. This is the result of a graduation requirement that CPS enacted in 2016. The foundational course that most students completed to fulfill the requirement is Exploring Computer Science (ECS). This evaluation of the impact of the graduation requirement was framed around the CAPE framework. To ensure that a district supports equal outcomes in computer science, they need to develop Capacity for schools to offer computer science, increase Access to computer science, ensure equal Participation, and then examine how computer science Experiences lead to equal outcomes. The analysis was conducted through a CME-funded summer fellowship program, which included advanced graduate students and early career researchers. They found the following results. The ECS professional development program supported a rapid expansion of school Capacity after the enactment of the graduation requirement. At the time the graduation requirement was enacted, roughly half of the schools did not offer any computer science and 2/3 did not have sufficient capacity to support computer science for all students. Larger schools with fewer low-income students and a strong college going climate were more likely to offer computer science just before the enactment of the graduation requirement. Access to computer science expanded significantly after the computer science graduation requirement. Participation in computer science significantly increased across all demographic groups after the graduation requirement. By the time the 2nd cohort graduated after the requirement, the demographics of students taking computer science matched the demographics of the district. Students’ Experiences with ECS led to equivalent course performance between students taking ECS before and after the enactment of the graduation requirement. The number of students pursuing computer science pathways in CPS doubled after the enactment of the graduation requirement.