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Journal articles on the topic 'Female addicts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

GJERULDSEN, S., M. ABDELNOOR, S. OPJORDSMOEN, and B. MYRVANG. "Death rates and causes of death in cohorts of serum hepatitis patients followed up for more than 20 years." Epidemiology and Infection 126, no. 1 (February 2001): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801005064.

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A cohort of 214 drug addicts with serum hepatitis and a cohort of 193 hepatitis patients without drug addiction were examined in respect of death rates, causes of death and a number of risk factors for reduced survival. The death rate was significantly higher among the drug addicts than among non-addicts. The annual mortality rate was 1·5% in the drug addict group and 0·7% in the non-addict group. The highest relative risk of death was 860 for female drug addicts in age group 15–24 compared to females of the same age in the general population. The most prevalent cause of death in the drug addict group was drug overdose (53%), whereas in the other group 66% died from various somatic diseases. Hepatitis or complications of viral hepatitis played no role as cause of death among the drug addicts, and infections as a whole were also responsible for very few deaths. For male drug addicts, imprisonment before admission and leaving hospital without the doctors' permission were risk factors for early death.

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2

Rehman, Salma, and Madiha Asghar. "Religiosity and Addiction Among Medical Students." Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS) 2, no. 1 (July 14, 2016): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32879/pjpbs.2016.2.1.59-70.

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The present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between the role of religiosity and drug addiction among medical students. In the present study the drug addicted medical students were compared to non-addicts on measures of adolescent alcohol and drug use and demographic information. Participants of the study consisted of two hundred (N=200) male and female students with the age range of 18-29, including one hundred addicts (n=100) and one hundred (n=100) non addict medical students. Convenient sampling and snowball technique was used for collecting the data from medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Responses from the different medical students were analyzed. The finding of the research indicated that those students who offered their prayers on regular basis were less likely to be prone to drug addiction as compared to those who did not offer prayers regularly.

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3

Kouzekanani, Kamiar, and Mary Ann Neeley. "Coping styles of female cocaine addicts." Substance Abuse 18, no. 4 (December 1997): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08897079709511363.

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4

Ralph, N., and C. Spigner. "Contraceptive practices among female heroin addicts." American Journal of Public Health 76, no. 8 (August 1986): 1016–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.76.8.1016.

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5

Patil, Sneha D., Jyotsna S. Deshmukh, and Ketan R. Dagdiya. "Prevalence and pattern of internet addiction among medical students in Nagpur, Maharashtra." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172833.

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Background: Internet has become an integral part of our life and internet addiction is a growing problem affecting many spheres of our lives. Considering the potential negative effects of internet addiction on health this study aims to study the prevalence and pattern of Internet addiction among medical students by using Internet Addiction Test in Nagpur.Methods: The cross‑sectional study was conducted in 488 medical students in year 2016. Data was collected by using semi structured proforma including socio-demographic variables and Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test (IAT) questionnaire. Statistical analysis done by Epi info 7.1 and SPSS (20).Results: Prevalence of internet addiction by using Young’s original criteria was 3.68%. Internet addiction was significantly more common in males than females (p<0.05). This study reveals that according to IAT score, (61.47%) were average users, (34.83%) were possible addicts and (3.68%) were addicts. Chi square test is applied between average users and addicts, was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of total IAT scores between male and female students (p=0.27) and F statistics is applied between mean value of three groups (i.e. Average users, Possible addict and addict) was found to be statistically significant (<0.0001).Conclusions: Prevalence of internet addiction was 3.68% with male predominance indicate that internet addiction is growing problem. Prevalence of possible addict was also alarming which was 34.83%. Early recognition of internet addiction and appropriate preventive measures should be taken.

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6

Li, Li, and Shengyuan Yu. "Heroin-induced headache in female heroin addicts." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 6 (June 2020): 030006052092535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520925353.

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Objective To investigate the manifestations and incidence of headaches caused by heroin in Chinese women. Methods This was a survey study conducted from 29 June to 3 July 2015 with women attending the Shanxi Drug Rehabilitation Centre for Women (China). All study subjects were newly admitted and had not begun their drug rehabilitation. Demographic characteristics, heroin usage and headache episodes within the previous 3 months were surveyed, especially the presence of a headache within 2 hours of heroin use. Details of the severity, location, premonitory symptoms and characteristics of headaches were recorded. Results Of the 90 heroin-dependent patients, 74 experienced headache attacks within 2 hours of heroin use, and the headaches subsided within 72 hours of discontinuation of heroin use. Most heroin-induced headaches were similar to migraines and manifested as pulsating pain in 54 patients (51/74, 68.9%); bilateral pain was reported by 46 patients (46/74, 62.2%). Approximately half of the patients with heroin-induced headaches also reported accompanying symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and light and sound sensitivity. Conclusions Heroin-induced headache may eventually be listed as a new class of headache in the International Classification of Headache Disorders.

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7

Burke, Ronald J. "Workaholism, Self-Esteem, and Motives for Money." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.457-463.

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This study examined correlations of workaholism types among 69 male and 86 female undergraduate business students. Three types were considered (Work Addicts, Work Enthusiasts, and Enthusiastic Addicts) using measures developed in 1992 by Spence and Robbins. Correlates included personal demographics, self-esteem, and motives for money. Work Addicts indicated significantly lower self-esteem than both Work Enthusiasts and Enthusiastic Addicts; the workaholism types mentioned above did not differ on motives for money, however.

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8

Jafari, Ahmad, SJalal Pourhashemi, Mehrdad Ghane, and Hajar Shekarchizadeh. "Oral health determinants among female addicts in Iran." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2015): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.161893.

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9

Karmacharya, Isha, Kshitiz Bhujel, Dipendra Kumar Yadav, and Kumar Subedi. "Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Higher Secondary Level Students in Kathmandu District." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 7, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.21.

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Internet addiction is defined as an impulse control disorder, which is very similar to pathological gambling. It is typically characterized by psychomotor agitation, anxiety, craving depression, hostility, substance experience, preoccupation, loss of control, impairment of function, reduced decision-making ability, and constant online surfing despite negative effects on social and psychological welfare. An institutional based cross-sectional study with a sample comprising of 422 college students (15 – 19 age group) across Kathmandu District was conducted from November 9th – 23rd, 2014. Students were assessed with a structured questionnaire and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale, which was anonymously selfadministered. The collected data was analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20 and interpreted. This survey depicts internet penetration rate was 97.3%. The possible addicts/internet addict students were found to spent average of 34 hours per week, compared to the 11 hours of average users. Male students were more possible addicts/internet addicts than female students. This survey found statistically significant difference between average users and possible addicts/internet addicts based on their Family Characteristics which consisted of variables such as economic status (p = 0.001), within family relationship (p = 0.009), ownership of computer/laptop at home (p < 0.001) and loneliness level at home (p < 0.001). Based on the interpersonal relationship at college, there was no significant difference between average users and possible/ internet addicts except for the relationship with classmates (p = 0.024). Overall, the prevalence of internet addiction among higher secondary level students according to this survey was found to be 2.57. As a result of IAT scale, the prevalence of internet addiction among higher secondary level students of Kathmandu District according to this survey was found to be 2.57. Key words: Adolescent, Internet addiction, Internet Addiction Test, Internet Penetration Rate, Nepal, Prevalence

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10

Kim, Na-Yeon, Young-Ji Eum, and Kyo-Heon Kim. "Attention Bias Toward Drug Cues in Female Methamphetamine Addicts." Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14695/kjsos.2019.22.4.75.

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11

Isralowitz, Richard, and Rachel Bar Hamburger. "Immigrant and Native-Born Female Heroin Addicts in Israel." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 34, no. 1 (March 2002): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2002.10399941.

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12

Cernovsky, Zack Zdenek. "MMPI and Nightmare Reports in Women Addicted to Alcohol and other Drugs." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 3 (June 1986): 717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.3.717.

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In a sample of 78 female alcohol and drug addicts, 24.4% marked True the Item 31 (“I have nightmares every few nights”) of the MMPI. The proportion is significantly higher than in normative MMPI data of normal US Midwest women published by Coligan: only 8.2% of the latter marked the item True. The female alcohol and drug addicts who marked the item True differed from those responding with False by higher scores on Schizophrenia, Psychasthenia, Paranoia, Anxiety, Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Social Introversion scales and by lower scores on Ego Strength scale. Nightmare sufferers consistently scored in a more pathological direction.

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13

Ali, Mohd Safri, and Siti Roslinda Mohd Yahya. "[Drug Addiction Among Female Drug Addicts at Puspen Bachok, Kelantan: A Pilot Study on Appreciation of Aqidah] Ketagihan Dadah di kalangan Penagih Dadah Wanita di Puspen Bachok, Kelantan: Kajian Rintis Mengenai Penghayatan Aqidah." Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2018.16.1.249.

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According to the National Anti-Drugs Agency (NADA), the number of female drug addicts has been decreasing in the period of 2009 to 2013. The highest amount was recorded in 2010 with 580 female drug addicts. There are nowadays a lot of issues of drug addiction among women in the newspaper and also other sources of media such as the internet or television. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted to identify the appreciation of Aqidah among female drug addicts in Narcotics Addiction Rehabilitation Centre (PUSPEN) Bachok, Kelantan. By using quantitative methods, this study focused on 30 Muslim drug addicts from PUSPEN as respondents. Data was collected by using a set of questionnaire and analyzed with a 'Statistical Program for Social Sciences’ (SPSS) software Version 21.0 for windows to see the percentage, frequency and mean. This study found out that the overall score of the mean for appreciation of Aqidah from the point of understanding, feeling and practice, were in the high rate of 4.00 to 5.00. Keywords: Female Drug Addicts, PUSPEN, Appreciation of Aqidah Menurut laporan Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK), jumlah penagih dadah wanita semakin menurun dalam tempoh 2009 hingga 2013. Jumlah tertinggi dicatatkan pada tahun 2010 dengan 580 orang penagih wanita. Isu dan masalah ketagihan dadah dalam kalangan wanita seringkali mendapat perhatian dalam keratan akhbar dan media massa. Kajian rintis ini dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti penghayatan akidah dalam kalangan penagih dadah wanita di Pusat Pemulihan Penagihan Narkotik (PUSPEN) Bachok, Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif. Responden terdiri daripada 30 orang penagih dadah wanita PUSPEN yang beragama Islam. Data dikumpul menggunakan kaedah soal selidik dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian„Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0 for windows untuk melihat peratus, kekerapan dan min. Kajian ini mendapati keseluruhan min skor penghayatan akidah dari sudut kefahaman, perasaan dan amalan adalah tinggi iaitu 4.00 hingga 5.00. Kata kunci: Penagih Dadah Wanita, PUSPEN, Penghayatan Akidah

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14

Thriving, Kerstin, and Kerstin Nilsson. "Young Female Drug Addicts in Treatment: A Twelve Year Perspective." Journal of Drug Issues 15, no. 3 (July 1985): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268501500306.

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15

Shigakova, Faniya A. "Group Psychotherapy in Rehabilitation of Female Opium Addicts in Uzbekistan." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 66, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2015.1089692.

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16

Hser, Yih-Ing, Chih-Ping Chou, and M. Douglas Anglin. "The criminality of female narcotics addicts: A causal modeling approach." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6, no. 2 (June 1990): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01065851.

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17

Raketic, D., M. Kovacevic, and T. Djuric. "Women Addiction (Alcohol and Opiates) and Defense Mechanism Style." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70684-4.

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Very few researches concerning women addictions are done up to day. This paper tries to define basic similarities and differences in defense mechanisms used by women alcohol and opiate addicts.Method:Sample of alcohol and opiate female addicts (30 patients in each group) plus control group (30 women) with no psychiatric diagnosis were questioned with Defense Style Questionnaire - DSQ 40 (Andrews, Singh, Bond, 1993).Results:There were found no statistically relevant differences between two experimental and one control group concerning mature defense mechanism use. Significant differences were found in neurotic and immature defense mechanism use: alcohol addicts use prevalently neurotic mechanisms and immature mechanisms prevail among opiate addicts.Conclusions:In our research mostly used neurotic defense mechanisms by alcohol addicts were: pseudoaltruism, idealization, and undoing. The mostly used immature defense mechanisms among opiate addicts were: phantasy, isolation, devaluation, denial and splitting.

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18

Oyefeso, Adenekan, Hamid Ghodse, Carmel Clancy, and John M. Corkefy. "Suicide among drug addicts in the UK." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 3 (September 1999): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.3.277.

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BackgroundThe extent of suicide among addicts in the UK has not been sufficiently examined.AimsTo examine suicide trends among registered addicts in the UK over a 25-year period.MethodWe quantified suicide using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) external death codes E950–959, calculated annual age-standardised suicide rates, standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and described trends in methods of suicide and drug overdose suicides in five successive cohorts of registered addicts.ResultsMale and female suicide rates are 69.0 and 44.8 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. There was a consistent decline in suicide rate throughout the 25-year period. Among males, the SMR for suicide declined from 17.2 in 1968–1972 to 4.4 in 1988–1992 (SMR ratio=3.9, 95% CI=2.5–6.1); among females it declined from 52.6 to 11.3 in the same period (SMR ratio=4.7, 95% CI=1.9–10.8). Drug overdose was the most common method of suicide, accounting for 45% of cases. Significant increase in antidepressant (percentage difference=23.5%, 95% CI=15.2–31.8) and methadone (percentage difference=1.0%, 95% CI=0.5, 21.5) overdose in 1988–1992 compared with 1968–1972 was reported.ConclusionsThe findings confirm that addicts are still at higher risk of suicide than the general population and that prescribed drugs, notably antidepressants and methadone, influence this heightened risk.

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Kavaric Brkovic, J. "Susceptibility of female opiate addicts to internal diseases and immunological diseases." European Neuropsychopharmacology 26 (October 2016): S683—S684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(16)31806-5.

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20

Corley, M. Deborah, and Joshua N. Hook. "Women, Female Sex and Love Addicts, and Use of the Internet." Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 19, no. 1-2 (January 2012): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2012.660430.

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21

Shigakova, F. "Spectrum of medical and social problems in the female opium addicts." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1865.

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AimThe work was initiated to study peculiarities of medical and social problems of the female opium addiction.Materials and methodsWe examined 56 female opiate addicts aged from 18 to 56 (mean age 31.8 ± 1.09 years) hospitalized at the tertiary detox center (Tashkent). Twenty of the examinees (35.7%) were managed for the first time, 36 patients (64.3%) being treated iteratively.Results and discussionSeventeen women were employed, only three of them were working in their specialization. Thirty-nine patients were either unemployed or engaged in the unskilled labor, that is, the one being out of tune with their education level. Eight examinees served penal servitudes, eleven women being detained without imprisonment. The findings reflect disorders in social adaptation of the most examinees. Drug addiction onset time varied from 19 to 25 years (22.1 ± 1.12 years in the average), but the age range from 20 to 23 was the most frequent one. Duration of episodic taking ranged from 1 month to 2.5 years (2.4 ± 0.7 months in the average). In 10 patients (20%) withdrawal syndrome has formed rapidly, in 1–2 months. Drug dose is partially associated with a patient's ability to pay and heroin accessibility.Almost half of our 56 examinees had drug using husband, cohabitant or sex partner. Quality of remissions was found to greatly depend on a drug using sex partner.ConclusionsMedical and social consequences of the female drug addiction are quite severe to mention early psycho-social disadaptation, prostitution and illegal actions, including thefts, document forgery, drug pushing.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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22

Watson, Laura, and Adrian Parke. "Experience of Recovery for Female Heroin Addicts: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 9, no. 1 (November 10, 2009): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9257-6.

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23

Bennett, Larry W., Richard M. Tolman, Carol J. Rogalski, and Jagannathan Srinivasaraghavan. "Domestic Abuse by Male Alcohol and Drug Addicts." Violence and Victims 9, no. 4 (January 1994): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.9.4.359.

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Sixty-three male inpatient alcohol and drug addicts and 34 of their female partners participated in a study of variables associated with physical and nonphysical abuse of women. Results suggest that domestic abuse by male addicts is not directly related to experience of violence or addiction in the family of origin, external locus of control, or severity of alcohol abuse. Correlates of domestic abuse were an early onset of drug/alcohol-related problems; low income; a history of nonalcohol drug use, particularly cocaine; and a history of arrest and outpatient counseling.

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24

Lex, Barbara W. "Male heroin addicts and their female mates: Impact on disorder and recovery." Journal of Substance Abuse 2, no. 2 (January 1990): 147–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-3289(05)80053-7.

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25

Geng, Liuna, Peng Xiang, Jin Yang, Hui Shen, and Zhiqin Sang. "Association between hair cortisol concentration and perceived stress in female methamphetamine addicts." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 91 (December 2016): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.10.011.

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26

Shahrazad. "Personality Traits as Predictors towards Readiness to Change among Female Drug Addicts." American Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2011.134.140.

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27

Gerdner, Arne, Torsten Nordlander, and Therese Pedersen. "PERSONALITY FACTORS AND DRUG OF CHOICE IN FEMALE ADDICTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY." Substance Use & Misuse 37, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-120001494.

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28

Rachinskiy, N. "E. A. Liberzon. To the pathology of female genital organs in chronic morphinism. (Doctor, 1894, No. 15, 16)." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 8, no. 6 (September 14, 2020): 574–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd86574-575.

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Looking through the literature on the effect of chronic morphine poisoning on the state of female genital organs, the author found that most of the observations refer to functional changes, and only recently there have been very scanty information about objective changes in the sexual sphere in morphine addicts.

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29

Raheja, Ramita, Mohan Lal Arora, and Raj Kumar. "The Correlation of Breath Holding Time between Non Addict or Addicts (Smoker & Chewer) Male and Female Elderly Indian Population." International Journal of Physiology 5, no. 2 (2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-608x.2017.00080.4.

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30

Atoum, Adnan Y., and Lean W. Alhattab. "Predicting Internet Addiction and Its Relation to Social Support among High Basic Stage Students." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol9iss2pp312-324.

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This study aimed at identifying the level of internet addiction among students in 8th, 9th and 10th grades in Zarqa first directorate public schools. It also aimed at exploring the ability of some social and demographical variables in predicting internet addiction. To achieve the objectives of the study, two tools measuring the degree of addiction on the internet and social support were administered to a sample of 600 male and female students. The results of the study revealed that the percentage of internet addicts amounted to 8.5% of the total study. The results of the study showed that social support, sex, and fathers’ educational level can predict the phenomenon of internet addiction in favor of non addicts.

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Sæland, M., M. Haugen, F. L. Eriksen, M. Wandel, A. Smehaugen, T. Böhmer, and A. Oshaug. "High sugar consumption and poor nutrient intake among drug addicts in Oslo, Norway." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 4 (September 30, 2010): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003971.

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Poor dietary habits among drug addicts represent health hazards. However, very few studies have focused on dietary intake as an independent health risk factor in relation to this group. The objective of the present study was to examine the dietary habits of drug addicts living on the fringes of an affluent society. The study focused on food access, food preferences, intake of energy and nutrients, and related nutrient blood concentrations. The respondent group consisted of 123 male and seventy-two female drug addicts, who participated in a cross-sectional study that included a 24 h dietary recall, blood samples, anthropometrical measurements and a semi-structured interview concerning food access and preferences. Daily energy intake varied from 0 to 37 MJ. Food received from charitable sources and friends/family had a higher nutrient density than food bought by the respondents. Added sugar accounted for 30 % of the energy intake, which was mirrored in biomarkers. Sugar and sugar-sweetened food items were preferred by 61 % of the respondents. Of the respondents, 32 % had a TAG concentration above the reference values, while 35 % had a cholesterol concentration beneath the reference values. An elevated serum Cu concentration indicated inflammation among the respondents. Further research on problems related to the diets of drug addicts should focus on dietary habits and aim to uncover connections that may reinforce inebriation and addiction.

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Ilic, Goran, Jasmina Gligorijevic, Ivica Milosavljevic, and Radovan Karadzic. "Evaluation of morphological changes of the liver caused by heroin abuse in forensic practice." Vojnosanitetski pregled 67, no. 5 (2010): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1005403i.

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Background/Aim. A study of morphological lesions in the liver of heroin addicts enables a precise overview of the type and degree of the liver damages caused by intravenous (iv) heroin abuse, additive effects of viral infections and alcohol consumption, as well as whether the expressiveness of these lesions depends on the duration of the time period of heroin application. The aim of the study was to investigate histopathological, ultrastructural and morphometric features of the liver of heroin addicts in forensic samples of the liver. Methods. The study involved the autopsy conducted on 40 bodies of iv heroin addicts and 10 control autopsies. The investigated group consisted of liver samples of 36 male subjects and 4 female subjects aged 35-40 years and the control group of 8 male and 2 female cadaveric bodies aged 15-35 years. The liver tissue samples were prepared for light microscopy. Sections of the tissue paraffin blocks 5 ? thick were stained using classical Hematoxylin and Eosin method (H&E), as well as PAS Van Gieson, Gomori, and Congo Red techniques. For investigation purposes of ultrastructural changes, liver tissue was fixed in glutaraldehyde and molded with epon. The analysis was performed using the method of transmission electron microscopy. Morphometric investigation of the liver sinusoidal macrophages was performed by using the M42 test system. Results. In the investigated group of iv heroin addicts, the liver autopsy samples showed degenerative vesicular and fat changes, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, sedimentation of pathologic protein amyloidosis, dysplastic changes, reduction in the amount of glycogen in hepatocytes, as well as the change in the number of Kupfer and endothelial cells. The established changes correlated with the duration of iv heroin abuse, whereas sinusoidal macrophages were activated in cases with active hepatitis, and no significant change in their number was found in hepatocytes with alcohol-related fatty changes. Conclusion. The study showed that the most present change in the hepatocytes of drug addicts was vesicular degeneration, and it is the only direct consequence of the effect of heroin. Other morphological changes were present due to viral infections and they correlated with the duration of narcotic abuse. The finding of dysplastic changes in this susceptible population of young people is particularly significant. The forensic significance of the established changes in the liver tissue is in the possibility of their practical application for determination of the immediate cause of death of iv heroin addicts, as well as the differential diagnosis of not only heroin, but also alcohol, sedative and other substances abuse, and all that on the basis of morphological damages of the liver.

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吕, 少博. "The Relationship between Childhood Trauma, Adult Attachment and Depression of Female Drug Addicts." Advances in Psychology 10, no. 06 (2020): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2020.106085.

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34

Cernovsky, Zack Zdenek. "A failure to detect Mac's false negatives in female alcohol and drug addicts." Addictive Behaviors 12, no. 4 (January 1987): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(87)90051-7.

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35

贺, 明圆. "Effects of Anxiety on the Relapse of Female Women’s First Ice Drug Addicts Detoxification." Advances in Psychology 10, no. 01 (2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2020.101002.

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36

Spagnolli, W. "Prolactin and thyrotropin pituitary response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in young female heroin addicts." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 20, no. 3 (November 30, 1987): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(87)90034-2.

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Sæland, M., M. Haugen, F.-L. Eriksen, A. Smehaugen, M. Wandel, T. Böhmer, and A. Oshaug. "Living as a drug addict in Oslo, Norway – a study focusing on nutrition and health." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 5 (May 2009): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008002553.

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AbstractObjectivesTo investigate nutritional status and related living conditions among drug addicts in Oslo.DesignA cross-sectional study of nutritional status evaluated by anthropometric and biochemical measurements; a structured interview concerning education, living conditions, income source, drug history and sex practice; and biochemical testing of sexually transmitted infections.SettingThe present study was conducted between November 2001 and April 2003 in locations where the drug addicts reside in Oslo.SubjectsA total of 123 male and seventy-two female addicts using drugs by injections regularly.ResultsWe found that 20 % of the women were moderately underweight (BMI in kg/m2) (16·5 < BMI < 18·5), 7 % were severely underweight (BMI ≤ 16·5) and 3 % of the men were moderately underweight (16·5 < BMI < 18·5). BMI was positively correlated with days institutionalised and number of eating events per day. Respondents sleeping rough had significantly reduced BMI compared to those in hostels and shelters. The concentrations of Hb, serum ferritin and albumin supported a higher prevalence of malnutrition among the women. Hepatitis C was found in 85 %, active hepatitis B in 6 % and less than 2 % were HIV positive. Also, 84 % received public financial support, 38 % of the women had prostitution as a significant income source, while burglary was most prevalent among the men; 20 % were pushing drugs.ConclusionMalnutrition among the drug addicts varied from 5 % to 30 %, independent of drug history, education and income. Moderate and severe underweight was most prevalent among the women. Being previously institutionalised and having increased number of eating events increased BMI. Sleeping rough correlated with reduced body weight. Hepatitis C infection was common; hepatitis B and HIV were rare.

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Esmaeilivand, Masoumeh, Fereshteh Jalalvandi, Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi, Shima Parandin, Parvin Taghizadeh, and Peyman Arasteh. "A Cross Cultural Study of Mental Health among Internet Addicted and Non-Internet Addicted: Iranian and Indian Students." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n1p146.

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<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> In the background of increasing use of internet in Asian countries, the study of psychological health in internet addicted users seems to be vital and necessary. Therefore the present study aimed to determine mental health among internet addicted and non-internet addicted Iranian and Indian students.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students in various colleges from Pune and Mumbai cities of Maharashtra. Internet Addiction Test and Symptom Check List (SCL) 90-R were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Internet addicted students were higher on Somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Psychoticism than Non-internet addicted students (P<0.05). Indian students had higher score on mental health domains compared to Iranian students (P<0.05). Female students had higher scores on Somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety and Psychoticism than male students (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Psychiatrists and psychologists who are active in the field of mental hygiene must be aware of mental problems associated with Internet addiction such as depression, anxiety, obsession, hypochondria, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, and job and educational dissatisfaction among Internet addicts.</p>

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Frerichs, Ralph R., Kumnuan Ungchusak, Myo T. Htoon, and Roger Detels. "HIV Sentinel Surveillance in Thailand — An Example for Developing Countries." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 8, no. 1 (January 1995): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959500800105.

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The intent of the HIV sentinel surveillance program in Thailand, as in other countries, is to provide early warning of pending epidemics so that public health of ficials can intensify prevention and control activities to protect their communities. While the intention is clear, questions remain as to how sentinel groups should be selected and if they predict future HIV occurrence. Every six months, serum is collected in Thailand from a sample of six sentinel groups in all provinces of Thailand for determining the prevalence of HIV infection. Among the sentinel groups, the HIV epidemic is rapidly increasing in female sex-workers, males at STD clinics, and females at antenatal clinics, increasing less rapidly among blood donors, and remaining high among IV drug addicts. Two sentinel groups were found to be useful for predicting the future spread of the epidemic to women attending clinics: lower-class female sex-workers and males attending STD clinics.

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Duan, Cailing, Yan Wu, Jin Yang, Shenghuo Chen, Yun Pu, and Huihua Deng. "Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol, Cortisone, and Multiple Illicit Drugs in Hair among Female Drug Addicts with LC-MS/MS." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020516.

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Long-term dependence of illicit drugs impairs the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the secretion of endogenous steroids, cortisol, and cortisone. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the multiple illicit drugs and two steroids in hair to monitor the status of illicit drug exposure and the physiological and psychological health of drug addicts. The target analytes were extracted from hair by incubation with 1 mL methanol for 24 h at 40 °C and then determined with LC-APCI+-MS/MS. The validated method showed acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the range of 1.25–250 pg/mg for cortisol and cortisone, 2.5–125 pg/mg for heroin, 2.5–1250 pg/mg for ketamine, 2.5–5000 pg/mg for methamphetamine (MAM), 2.5–250 pg/mg for 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), morphine, and 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-AM). Limits of quantification were 1.6, 1.2, 1.6, 1.0, 1.4, 0.3, 2.1, and 1.2 pg/mg for cortisol, cortisone, heroin, ketamine, MAM, MDMA, morphine, and 6-AM, respectively. Method recoveries were from 90–115% for all analytes. Inter-day and intra-day coefficients of variation were within 10%. Finally, this method was successfully applied to detect the aforementioned analytes in hair among female drug addicts who self-reported to be MAM abuser, heroin abuser, ketamine abuser, and abuser of mixture drugs of MAM and heroin. MAM abusers with current MAM use showed significantly higher concentrations of cortisol, MAM, and MDMA than controls with drug withdrawal.

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Li, Jiaquan, Yong Li, Zheng Gong, Jingjing Zhang, Zhengzheng Zhou, Xiaohui Tan, and Liang Li. "Major and trace elements changes of female methamphetamine addicts during six months’ compulsory treatment: Biomarkers discovery." Forensic Science International 325 (August 2021): 110892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110892.

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Aicha, Detsouli, Abidli Zakaria, Kharbouch Donia, Hmimou Soumaia, Amiar Latifa, Soulaymani Abdelmajid, Mokhtari Abdelrhani, and Soulaymani Bencheikh Rachida. "Les Intoxications Volontaires Par Les Pesticides Dans La Région De Rabat-Salé -Zemmour- Zaer Entre 2008 Et 2014." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p317.

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The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics and the risk factors for voluntary poisoning by pesticides in the Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer region between 2008 and 2014. This is a retrospective study of cases of voluntary poisoning by pesticides collected between 2008 and 2014 by the Anti-poisoning and Pharmaco-vigilance Center of Morocco. During the study period, 598 cases of voluntary pesticide intoxication were collected. These voluntary intoxications mainly concerned adults whose age is between 20 and 74 years. Female addicts dominated the scene with 61.87% and a sex ratio (F / H) of 2.02 in favor of female sex, with urban predominance. The risk was related to the use of raticides (195 cases). The evolution was favorable in 94% of cases, with 27 people dying during this period.

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Varela, P., A. Marcos, I. Santacruz, S. Ripoll, and A. M. Requejo. "Human immunodeficiency virus infection and nutritional status in female drug addicts undergoing detoxification: anthropometric and immunologic assessments." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 504S—508S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/66.2.504s.

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Mirzendehdel, Sara, Seyed Alireza Nadji, Payam Tabarsi, Parvaneh Baghaei, Pedram Javanmard, Afsaneh Sigarroodi, and Mohsen Fekrat. "Prevalence of HPV and HIV among female drug addicts attending a drop-in center in Tehran, Iran." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 108, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.09.030.

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EASTEAL, PATRICIA. "Women in Australian Prisons: The Cycle of Abuse and Dysfunctional Environments." Prison Journal 81, no. 1 (March 2001): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081001007.

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A significant proportion of Australian female inmates are drug addicts and women who have experienced violence as children and/or as adults. Ironically, the three rules (“Don't talk,” “Don't trust,” and “Don't feel”) that many therefore grew up with are present within the prison institutional culture and structure. The female prison population is relatively small. As a result, many women are placed inappropriately in maximum-security facilities and have limited programs for employment, education, and drug/violence issues. Comparison of results from empirical research conducted in the early 1990s with recent data reveals that although there have been some positive steps implemented, they have not greatly affected the dysfunctional women's prison culture. For the most part these continue to ignore the specific needs of women (and victims of violence). Thus the tragic generational cycle of violence-crime-prison-violence-crime-prison persists.

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Li, De-Xiang, Xin-Ying Zhuang, Yi-Ping Zhang, Hao Guo, Ze Wang, Qing Zhang, Yue-Mei Feng, and Yong-Gang Yao. "Effects of Tai Chi on the Protracted Abstinence Syndrome: A Time Trial Analysis." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 01 (January 2013): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x13500043.

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While exercise has been shown to reduce the negative effects of substance withdrawal symptoms, no research has investigated if Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese exercise, has similar effects. Here, we observed the physiological effects of Tai Chi on protracted abstinence syndrome (PAS) in female heroin addicts by comprehensively inspecting their immune system function, complete blood count, hepatic function and renal function. To determine the psychological effects, we used the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the rating scale of heroin withdrawal symptoms. We recruited 70 heroin-addicted young women beginning to undergo withdrawal and randomly assigned them into two groups: one group received one-hour Tai Chi exercise every two days (Tai Chi group, n = 36) and the other group did not (control group, n = 34). Thirty-three patients finished this six-month trial. Numerous significant physiological differences were observed between all heroin-addicted subjects (n = 70) and age-matched healthy individuals (n = 18), suggesting a deleterious effect of drug addiction. There were improvements for certain physical parameters between the Tai Chi group (n = 17) and the control group (n = 16), although the differences were not statistically significant. We observed a small significant difference in psychological effects near the 60-day mark between the two groups. Taken together, our results suggest that Tai Chi might have a positive effect on PAS, which future studies can confirm by using an expanded sample size, longer trial time, and more sensitive and specific indicators of psychological and physiological health.

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Ravndal, Edle, Cand Sociol, and Per Vaglum. "Research Note: Treatment of Female Addicts: The Importance of Relationships to Parents, Partners, and Peers for the Outcome." International Journal of the Addictions 29, no. 1 (January 1994): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089409047372.

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Lacatena, Paola. "Donne e tossicodipendenza. Quando la patologia è di altro genere." MISSION, no. 53 (May 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mis53-2020oa9857.

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The European Drug Report 2017: Trends and Developments, published by the Libson based European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) reports that only 20% of patients who undergo treatment for drug addiction are female (a male-female ratio of 4:1).According to the EMCDDA, the reasons for this are varied and could include issues of access and appropriateness of service provision.Using data from two trials conducted within the Department of Pathological Addictions of the Local Health Service of Taranto, this article's intent is to highlight the necessity of specific focusing in terms of health, rehabilitation programmes, and access to services for women drug consumers and addicts.Helping women addicts to become independent, making them aware of their own potential, offering them a real sense of self worth to value and defend, promoting the safeguarding of their own health; all these are essential elements of treatment and rehabilitation, for the prevention and limitation of any harm.

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Jagganath, Gerelene. "Exploring Township Youth Perceptions: Vulnerable Girls and Their Caregivers in Chatsworth, Durban." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20952959.

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This article is based on a longitudinal, ethnographic study conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012 among caregivers of female youth substance abusers in Chatsworth. Together with personnel of the Anti Drug Forum (ADF), the researcher used several qualitative research techniques, including participant observation, interviews, and focus group meetings to compile in-depth case studies of a small sample of vulnerable female youth drug addicts, primarily from the perspective of their caregivers. While the research questions focused on their substance-abuse experiences and challenges, the religious perceptions and spiritual practices of the young women and their caregivers raised several pertinent debates relating to religious identity specific to Chatsworth. The article also draws on a number of studies, news articles, and community discussions to supplement a topic that has been under-researched. For the purposes of this article and the religious affiliation of the sample, a snapshot of youth perceptions on Christianity and Hinduism in the township context will be examined.

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Cernovsky, Zack Zdenek. "PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND WOMEN'S ATTITUDES TOWARDS EQUAL RIGHTS: AN MMPI STUDY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 14, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1986.14.2.167.

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Women who answered with “True” item 101 (“I believe worn en ought to have as much sexual freedom as men”) of the MMPI differed from those responding with “False” in being younger, in having better visuospatial reasoning skills as shown by higher IQ equivalents on the Raven's Matrices, and in scoring in a less pathological direction on MMPI measures of depression, neurotic tendencies, ego strength, and social isolation. The participants were 86 alcohol and drug addicts tested on admission to addiction treatment: only 18.6% responded with “False” to the MMPI item 101. Influencing female psychotherapy clients to adopt more old fashioned attitudes in respect to equal rights in the area of sexual freedom might be a iatrogenic step.

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