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Journal articles on the topic 'Female criminal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Taghavi, Hosein Angouraj, and Nasir Rezaye. "Imprisonment Penalty and its Inefficacy in Female Rehabilitation." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 64 (November 2015): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.64.102.

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Freedom is a human value cherished in any human society. In criminal law, imprisonment as a penalty denies freedom. Custodial penalty is a sort of punishment believed to keep away criminals from human society and helps it move forward. What is the focus of criminological study today and law theorists tend to focus on, is the crimogenesis of this social reaction against criminals. It has undergone a considerable trend in any criminal law including in that of Iran, and answers any offence with imprisonment. The unreasonable increase has resulted countless insoluble problems, and the traditional punishment does not satisfy criminal law theorists, and despite the attempts made to modify it, the results are not promising, because prison has turned into a criminalizing school a part from the considerable expenses resulting from it; prison made resocialization difficult or postponed, rather than rehabilitate the accused. This has turned criminal system into an inefficient one.

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2

CAMPBELL, ANNE, STEVEN MUNCER, and DANIEL BIBEL. "Female-Female Criminal Assault: An Evolutionary Perspective." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 35, no. 4 (November 1998): 413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427898035004003.

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3

WARREN, MARGUERITE Q., and JILL LESLIE ROSENBAUM. "Criminal Careers of Female Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 13, no. 4 (December 1986): 393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854886013004003.

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This article examines the subsequent lives of a sample of females who were committed to the California Youth Authority during the 1960s. The criminal careers of these women were analyzed in terms of the persistence and duration of offense behavior, crime specialization, and escalation of seriousness over sequential career periods (prior to youth authority commitment, the commitment period including time on parole, and post-release). In addition, the article focuses on the adult period in somewhat more detail to identify the nature and extent of offense patterns and the Criminal Justice System's response to these patterns.

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4

Lu, Hong, Jianhong Liu, and Alicia Crowther. "Female Criminal Victimization and Criminal Justice Response in China." British Journal of Criminology 46, no. 5 (March 31, 2006): 859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azl008.

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5

Mannerfelt, Caroline, and Anders Håkansson. "Substance Use, Criminal Recidivism, and Mortality in Criminal Justice Clients: A Comparison between Men and Women." Journal of Addiction 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1689637.

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Background. This study aimed to map differences between male and female offenders with substance abuse, with respect to descriptive characteristics and risk factors for mortality and criminal recidivism. Methods. Criminal justice clients with substance abuse problems (n=7085) were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index. Mortality and data on return to criminal justice were retrieved from national registers. Results. Female offenders reported heavier substance use patterns, more psychiatric symptoms, and more often a partner with substance abuse, but had lower mortality (2% versus 4%) and criminal recidivism (62% versus 71%) during follow-up. Having a substance-abusing partner was associated with criminal recidivism among females. Conclusions. Female offenders with substance abuse differ from their male counterparts. Males and females had different risk factors for criminal recidivism.

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6

Walters, Glenn D. "Black–White and Male–Female Differences in Criminal Thinking: Examining Instrumental and Expressive Motives for Crime in Federal Supervisees." Prison Journal 98, no. 3 (March 20, 2018): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885518764914.

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Using 2,000 federal supervisees comprised of 500 White males, 500 Black males, 500 White females, and 500 Black females, this study evaluated whether race and sex are differentially associated with proactive and reactive criminal thinking. It was predicted that proactive criminal thinking would be higher in Black than White supervisees and that reactive criminal thinking should be higher in female than male supervisees. Results revealed that instrumental motives for crime, as represented by proactive criminal thinking, were more prevalent in Black male offenders, and expressive motives for crime, as represented by reactive criminal thinking, were more prevalent in White female offenders.

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7

Makarios, Matthew D. "Race, Abuse, and Female Criminal Violence." Feminist Criminology 2, no. 2 (April 2007): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085106296501.

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8

Modestin, J., S. Mauron, and T. Erni. "Criminal behaviour in female schizophrenic inpatients." Archives of Women's Mental Health 4, no. 3 (March 2002): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007370200005.

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9

Karpuszenko, Elena. "CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE MURDERERS IN POLAND." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol3.2251.

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The problems analysed in the study were inspired by the increasing number of reports on violent criminal acts committed by women as perpetrators. Therefore, it is worth analysing the motivations for committing the most serious crimes by women. Furthermore, the study took into consideration the determinants of committing the crimes that were connected with family and non-family environments of the criminals. The analysed factors included personality, experiences from the childhood, school and professional situation. The analyses discussed in the study attempted to determine a female murderer profile.

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10

Aristizábal Becerra, Luz, and Jenny Cubells Serra. "Impact of Partner Violence on Female Delinquency." Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8020032.

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In recent decades there has been an increase of criminal behavior by women, which is due to social rather than individual change. Feminist analysis points to the existence of an androcentric and patriarchal order, which through the practices of subjectification, builds the identity of the subjects. These practices have been shaped by close affective bonds, including couple bounds, who in turn have constructed them as criminals. Ninety-four women were interviewed in six prisons in four countries. Their life stories were analyzed through Atlas.ti. Affective bonds with the partner and gender violence are the two main categories of analysis. It was found that the affective bonds with the partner that included violent behavior can be a factor leading these women towards crime. The findings suggest that the women were imprisoned, before entering prison, in violent relationships that held them, configuring their subjectivity. The violent partner bonds and female delinquency associated with them are the product of a patriarchal society that does not see a difference between being a victim or being criminal.

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11

Anderson, James F. "Female Sexual Offending: A Neglected Criminal Justice Issue." International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i3.4753.

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Scholars, researchers, and law enforcement officers examining child sexual abuse cases are beginning to report that adolescent and adult females are responsible for a growing number of sexual offenses. This new revelation may reveal that justice officials and many in the lay public do not view the gravity of female and male sexual offending equally. This investigation reveals that female sex offending is more common than traditionally thought and is a neglected criminal justice issue. It also shows that until society recognizes that sex offending is not a gendered crime, more cases will escape the attention of the criminal justice system.

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12

Bader, Shannon M., Robert Welsh, and Mario J. Scalora. "Recidivism Among Female Child Molesters." Violence and Victims 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.349.

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During recent years, research about female sexual offender recidivism rates using official criminal justice records has increased. Although informative, rearrest or conviction rates may be insufficient for this population. This study examines two potential outcome measures for accurately studying recidivism among 57 female sexual offenders; a criminal recidivism measure based on formal legal charges and a reported recidivism measure based on child welfare reports. Based on the criminal recidivism outcome measure, 10 (17.5%) women were charged for a subsequent sexual crime. The broader reported recidivism measure identified six additional women with subsequent contact with police or child welfare agencies for sexually inappropriate behaviors. There were no significant differences found between the 41 nonrecidivists and the 16 recidivists. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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13

Saeed, Naima, Tansif Ur Rehman, and Mehmood Ahmed Usmani. "A Criminological Study of the Socioeconomic Factors of Criminality Among Pakistani Females." International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 5, no. 4 (October 2018): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2018100102.

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The concept of female criminality is complicated and exhibits itself with diversified attributes in various countries. In Pakistani society, women have been largely involved in brutal criminal acts with the change in social aspects, such as economic conditions, illiteracy, violence against women, family environment, customs and traditions; which indicates an alarming situation in the country. The deprivations, desires, burden, and lack of the respective needs turn a woman into a criminal in the expression to release an outburst. The findings reveal that education plays an important role in the socialization and character building of women. Most of the illiterate and young females who belonged to the urban background are involved in crime. Female criminals reported that they have committed a crime due to a financial problem, unemployment of the husband and the need of money for the upbringing of their children. These socioeconomic conditions made them compulsive to involve in criminality.

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14

Vaske, Jamie C., Krista S. Gehring, and Brian Lovins. "Gender Differences in the Measurement of Criminal Thinking." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 3 (November 16, 2016): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816677311.

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Despite the importance of criminal thinking to the etiology of crime, studies disagree on whether there are gender differences in criminal thinking and whether females exhibit criminal thinking to the same degree as males. Part of the differences across studies may be due to gender differences in the measurement of criminal thinking, yet this question has not been systematically examined. The current study assesses whether the measurement of criminal thinking (via measurement invariance tests of the Criminogenic Cognition Scales and the Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified) varies between male and female probationers. The results highlight both similarities and differences in the measurement of criminal thinking, with 26% of items significantly varying between genders. Once measurement differences and similarities were taken into account, male and female probationers were just as likely to exhibit antisocial attitudes. The implications highlight the notion that researchers cannot assume that criminal thinking assessments are gender-neutral.

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15

Vollans, Caroline. "A criminal act." Nursery World 2019, no. 15 (July 22, 2019): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2019.15.26.

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16

Crowhurst, Isabel. "Caught in the victim/criminal paradigm: female migrant prostitution in contemporary Italy." Modern Italy 17, no. 4 (November 2012): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.707000.

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This article offers a critical exploration of exclusionary practices enacted in Italy towards migrant prostitute women. It identifies the double construction of migrant prostitute women as victims of sex trafficking and as illegal/criminal migrants as a dominant paradigm that informs policy approaches aimed at addressing their presence in the country. It explores how this paradigm has emerged in the specific context of contemporary Italy, how it has been sustained, by whom and with what consequences. By drawing on the exploration of a specific incident, the article shows how gendered and racialised constructions of dangerous migrant sexualities can inform decisions over what determines the slippery and unstable demarcation between those who are identified as victims and those who are identified as criminals. Finally, the article suggests that, caught within the restrictive victim/criminal paradigm, migrant prostitutes fail to be recognised and treated as subjects.

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17

Caimari, Lila M. "Whose Criminals Are These? Church, State, and Patronatos and the Rehabilitation of Female Convicts (Buenos Aires, 1890-1940)." Americas 54, no. 2 (October 1997): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007741.

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Turn-of-the century Argentine political leaders were deeply influenced by new ideas about the origin and treatment of criminality developed by the Italian positivist school of criminology. According to this school, crime was not the fruit of the criminal's wickedness, as classic penology had claimed, but was rather the result of a complex web of social and psycho-biological determinations of which the criminal had been a victim. This pathology called “crime” could be corrected if its origin was scientifically determined and if the new methods of rehabilitation prescribed for criminals and potential criminals were enforced. Although not all of the premises of the criminological school led by Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo were accepted uncritically in Argentina, the basic principles of the new science were widely adopted by jurists, doctors, hygienists and psychiatrists. These ideas were received in the context of massive European immigration, accelerated urbanization, and the emergence of a large working class.

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18

Ortega, Suzanne T., and Cathleen Burnett. "AGE VARIATION IN FEMALE CRIME: IN SEARCH OF THE NEW FEMALE CRIMINAL." Journal of Crime and Justice 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 133–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1987.9721338.

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19

Campbell, Carol S., Doris Layton MacKenzie, and James W. Robinson. "Female Offenders: Criminal Behavior and Gender-Role Identity." Psychological Reports 60, no. 3 (June 1987): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.3.867.

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Relationship between gender-role identity and criminal activities for 141 incarcerated adult female offenders was examined. Inmates were classified into three gender-role groups: masculine, feminine, and androgynous. Those with either masculine or feminine gender-role identities were more apt to be serving time for violent offenses such as murder than were the androgynous women. Relatively few feminine offenders serving time for murder had previously been convicted of a felony while the majority of the masculine offenders had. Differences were found in the number of prior felony convictions for the gender-role groups.

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20

Sultana, Naveed. "Studying the Criminal Behavior of Female in Pakistan." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 5, no. 5 (2010): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v05i05/51698.

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21

Fink, Jennifer Natalya. "Shooting amy fisher: Rereading the Criminal Female Body." Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory 6, no. 2 (January 1993): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07407709308571182.

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22

Straus, Murray A., and I. Luis Ramirez. "Criminal History and Assault of Dating Partners: The Role of Type of Prior Crime, Age of Onset, and Gender." Violence and Victims 19, no. 4 (August 2004): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.4.413.64164.

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Some studies of assaults on intimate partners have found that most of the perpetrators are not violent outside the family, which suggests a specialized type of crime. However, other studies found domestic violence offenders tend to have extensive criminal histories. To further investigate the extent to which partner assaults are part of a more general pattern of criminal behavior or a specialized type of crime, we studied the dating relationships of 653 university students. Thirty-one percent reported assaulting a partner in the previous 12 months. The rate of assault on partners by females did not differ significantly for males (29%) and females (32%). We also found high rates of other self-reported crime, and much higher rates by males. For example, over one half of the male students and almost one third of the female students reported having stolen money. The male students reported an average of 3.4 crimes committed, and the female students an average of 1.4 crimes. These high crime rates and gender differences are consistent with many previous studies. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of prior criminal acts is associated with an increased probability of assaulting a partner. The relationship was greater when there was prior violent crime compared to property crime, when there was early onset of criminal behavior, and when the offender was female. The implications of the findings for understanding partner assaults, criminal careers, and gender differences in the etiology of violence against intimate partners are discussed.

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23

Snowden, Aleksandra J., Sara Hockin, and William Alex Pridemore. "The Neighborhood-Level Association Between Alcohol Outlet Density and Female Criminal Victimization Rates." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 15-16 (July 12, 2017): 2639–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517719080.

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The aim of this study was to explore the neighborhood-level association between alcohol outlet density and non–intimate partner violent victimization rates among females. Violent offending and victimization are more prevalent for males than females, and most research on alcohol outlets and violence emphasizes males. Studies that do focus on alcohol outlets and female violent victimization tend to focus on intimate partner violence (IPV), yet non-IPV events are over three quarters of all female violent victimization incidents in the United States. We collected data on violent victimization rates, on- and off-premise alcohol outlet density, and neighborhood-level covariates of violence rates for Milwaukee block groups. We used spatially lagged regression models to test this association, to compare non-IPV results with those for overall female violent victimization rates, and to compare results for females with those for males. Our findings showed density of both on- and off-premise alcohol outlets was positively associated with non-IPV female violent victimization rates, which is an important finding given lack of research on this topic. We also found results for females (both overall and non-IPV violent victimization) were generally the same as for males, but the effect of off-premise outlets on non-IPV female violent victimization rates was weaker than the same association for males. Our findings have clear policy implications for local jurisdictions. Alcohol outlet density is important for both female and male violent victimization. Limiting the licensing of alcohol-selling establishments, especially those that engage in irresponsible retail practices, may be a suitable approach to address violent victimization.

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24

Anderson, James F., Kelley Reinsmith-Jones, Tazinski Lee, and Willie M. Brooks. "The Silence of Female Sexual Offending: A Public Health Issue." International Journal of Social Science Studies 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v9i2.5153.

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The idea that females can engage in sexually predatory behavior against children and adolescence is difficult to convey to the lay pubic since most of society believes the notion defies conventional ways of viewing the gendered nature and roles that women traditionally perform. Despite this, scholars and researchers examining child sexual abuse are beginning to report on silent offenders (women and young females) and their victimizations that have been largely ignored by criminal justice personnel who are responsible for holding sex offenders accountable. We argue that female sex offending is more common than believed and is both a criminal justice and a public health issue. We also argue that until society recognizes that sex offending is not a gendered crime, more cases will escape the attention of both criminal justice and public health systems that are in positions to punish and treat where appropriate.

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25

Baker, Thomas, and Jacinta M. Gau. "Female Offenders’ Perceptions of Police Procedural Justice and Their Obligation to Obey the Law." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 6 (July 13, 2017): 758–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717719418.

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Although the process-based model of criminal justice has received substantial empirical attention, few previous studies have examined individuals embedded in a criminal lifestyle and at the most risk for future offending, and few have focused exclusively on female offenders. Employing structural equation modeling, the present study tests the process-based model of self-regulation among a sample of 694 incarcerated females. Specifically examined is the effect of perceptions of voice in respondents’ most recent encounter with police on their perceptions of police procedural justice and the impact of respondents’ procedural justice perceptions on their perceived obligation to obey the law. Results reveal support for the process-based model among serious female offenders, though the impact may be attenuated by increased experience with the criminal justice system. Policy implications are discussed.

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26

Khalili, Gholamreza, and Dr Mohammad Reza Kaykha. "Investigating the Implementation of the Prison Sentence in the Criminal Proceedings for Female Prisoners." International Academic Journal of Social Sciences 05, no. 01 (June 5, 2018): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajss/v5i1/1810002.

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27

Császár, Kinga. "Some Remarks on Judicial Decisions in Penal Cases as Made by Royal County Court of Kaposvar (1879–1918). The Question of Female Offenders and Female Victims." Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 6, no. 4 (2013): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.13.025.1700.

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The article presents the issue of judicial decisions and court practices concerning criminal cases in Hungary in the years between 1879 and 1918. The first part contains a brief overview of Hungarian criminal law’s evolution in the 19th century with a strong emphasis on the milestone being the implementation of Csemegi’s Criminal Code of 1880. For example, whereas in the period before the codification court rulings often included penalties or repressive measures of Catholic origins, the new code modifi ed the Hungarian criminal law to a great extent. The studies of the records of the Royal County Court of Kaposvar have enabled the author to present a reader with the picture of a woman – offender, and a woman – vitim characteristic of Hungary at the end of the century. The article presents, inter alia, statistics related to the sex of an offender, and particularly problematic questions concerning cases of abortion, infanticide, rape or adultery. The analyzed judicial decisions show particular court practices characteristic of some cases, for example those of adulteresses, that lead to signifi cant deviation from the normative content of Csemegi’s criminal code.

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28

Waara, Elin, and Philip Shaw. "Male and Female Witnesses' Speech in Swedish Criminal Trials." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 19, no. 36 (March 9, 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v19i36.25842.

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The present quantitative study focuses on witnesses’ speech in Swedish criminal trials, more speciﬁcally on potential differences between men’s and women’s language styles. Since the 1970s, research on language and gender has been divided into three main approaches towards the relationship between men’s and women’s language use: the deﬁcit approach, the dominance approach and the cultural approach. The present study uses the more recent dynamic approach to show how gender is acted out in each situation taking into account a number of factors, e.g. context. The aim of our work is ﬁrst and foremost to study the possible correlation between the witnesses’ gender and language in the courtroom context and then to investigate if income and/or level of education provide better explanations for possible variation by looking at a broad range of linguistic variables. The results show no statistically signiﬁcant gender or social status differences in the witnesses’ speech. However, when comparing the results of the testifying police ofﬁcers accidentally included in the study with the rest of the witnesses, the differences turned out to be signiﬁcant. This shows that, in this case, factors such as previous courtroom experience and familiarity with the context were probably more inﬂuential on the speech of the informants than gender, income and education, in conformity with the assumptions of the dynamic approach.

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29

Sembekova, B. R. "Criminal policy in the system of combating female terrorism." Bulletin of the L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University 124, no. 3 (2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2018-124-3-60-65.

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30

Chesney-Lind, Meda, and Syeda Tonima Hadi. "Patriarchy, Abortion, and the Criminal System: Policing Female Bodies." Women & Criminal Justice 27, no. 1 (January 2017): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2016.1259601.

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31

Mosher, Clayton, and Helen Boritch. "Fallen Women: Female Crime and Criminal Justice in Canada." Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 24, no. 2 (1999): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3341734.

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32

Shen, Anqi. "Female Membership in the Black-Society Style Criminal Organizations." Feminist Criminology 11, no. 1 (September 22, 2015): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085115605910.

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33

Simic, Zora. "Review of Nerida Campbell’s Femme Fatale: The Female Criminal." History Australia 6, no. 2 (January 2009): 48.1–48.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/ha090048.

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34

Francis, Brian, Jiayi Liu, and Keith Soothill. "Criminal Lifestyle Specialization: Female Offending in England and Wales." International Criminal Justice Review 20, no. 2 (May 18, 2010): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567710368942.

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35

Pinheiro, Marina, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, and Olga Cunha. "Criminal lifestyle, psychopathy, and prison adjustment among female inmates." Journal of Criminal Justice 76 (September 2021): 101849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101849.

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36

Senjo, Scott R. "Trafficking in Meth: An Analysis of the Differences between Male and Female Dealers." Journal of Drug Education 35, no. 1 (March 2005): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/966q-r6y3-7g08-dtp8.

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Male and female meth dealers exhibit numerous common characteristics and patterns. For example, both can be relatively heavy users and both have similar (long) criminal records. However, both groups show important distinctions in their drug dealing patterns. This exploratory study compares 34 male and 26 female meth dealers ( N = 60) who were involved in the same criminal justice system of a single western state during the same time period. Among other things, the findings indicate that male dealers treat their trafficking activities more like a business, have more customers, make more money, and are more likely prepared for violence while dealing than females. In contrast, female dealers have more education, including graduate school, have been arrested less often and are more willing to try drug treatment than male dealers.

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37

Alfred, B. Heilbrun, and Mark R. Heilbrun. "The Treatment of Women Within The Criminal Justice System: An Inquiry Into the Social Impact of the Women's Rights Movement." Psychology of Women Quarterly 10, no. 3 (September 1986): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00750.x.

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Two studies considered the possible impact of the feminist movement upon criminal justice decisions relating to women. One body of data confirmed a trend away from indiscriminate leniency in the punishment of female criminals during the women's movement. Courtroom and parole board decisions determining length of imprisonment showed an improving alignment of punishment and criminal circumstances for women and men. The second set of data disclosed that an increased seriousness was accorded to the crime of rape as feminism became more influential. Rape, as a violation of the woman's right to bodily self-determination, was punished more harshly during the period of greater feminist influence, a fact that was not true of other male violent crimes. The women's movement appears to have brought about a more realistic balance of female and male responsibilities before the law as well as a greater respect for women's sexual rights.

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38

Campbell, Carol S., and James W. Robinson. "Family and Employment Status Associated with Women's Criminal Behavior." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.307.

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Exploring the relationship between women's criminal behavior as evidenced in violence, type of crime, prior criminal history, and the fulfillment of traditional female roles delineated by marital status, employment status, or presence of children in the home of the woman was based on the evaluation of 141 female inmates, which indicated a limited relationship between fulfilling traditional female roles and the nature of female criminal activity. Married and previously married subjects tended to be involved primarily with murder and secondarily with theft Single subjects were involved primarily with theft and secondarily involved with robbery. Employed subjects were more likely to be involved with theft and nonviolent crime. Unemployed subjects were more likely to be involved in violent crimes.

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Wuisan, Fernanda Sharen Maissy, Lucia Moningka, and Esther N. Tamunu. "INCREASED KNOWLEDGE OF WOMAN ADOLESCENT ABOUT ABORTUS PROVOCATUS CRIMINALIS AFTER IN HEALTH EDUCATION." Jurnal Ilmiah Perawat Manado (Juiperdo) 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/jpd.v6i2.791.

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Background: Abortion provocateurs criminalis is an abortion that occurs due to actions that are not legal or not based on medical indications. The incidence of abortion in Indonesia according to the BKKBN every year there is an increase of about 15% and of that number 800,000 of them are carried out by young women who are still sitting in school. Data found in SMK Cokroaminoto, Manado City, 5 female students who dropped out of school due to pregnancy out of wedlock and 2 of them took shortcuts by aborting provocateurs criminals. Objective: This study is to determine the effect of health education on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about abortion provocateurs criminals. Method: The research design used was a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest method in which the design features were not compared to a control group. The study population was female teenagers grade X and XI at SMK Cokroaminoto Manado, amounting to 49 people. The sampling technique used was Total Sampling, as many as 31 people. Results: Analysis with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The test results have a significant effect on health education about abortion provocateurs criminal on the level of knowledge of young women (α ≤ 0.05 ie p-value = 0,000). Conclusion: Health education about abortion provocatus criminals increases the knowledge of young women. Suggestions are expected that young women can increase awareness to prevent abortion of provocateurs criminalis.

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40

Lake, Elise S. "An Exploration of the Violent Victim Experiences of Female Offenders." Violence and Victims 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.8.1.41.

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Female offenders are often portrayed as victims of violence, yet few studies have systematically examined such victimization. Violent experiences may both contribute to, and result from, crime - early family abuse may help propel a young woman into crime, and a criminal lifestyle may increase her risk of assault by strangers and intimate partners. Using data from 83 inmates, this study examined violent childhood and adult experiences, and explored possible linkages between victimization and offending. Although many women reported violent experiences, most striking was the high rate of assault by intimate partners. Early physical abuse was associated with earlier entry into crime, and with more diverse criminal activity. Attacks by strangers were more often reported by women who engaged in more frequent and diverse criminal activity. The data suggest that in order to understand female crime, additional research on the complex relationships between offending and victimization is warranted.

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Perry, Amanda E., Matthew Neilson, Marissa Martyn-St James, Julie M. Glanville, Rebecca Woodhouse, and Catherine Hewitt. "Interventions for female drug-using offenders." BJPsych Advances 22, no. 6 (November 2016): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.22.6.358.

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This is an updated version of a Cochrane review first published in Issue 3, 2006 (Perry 2006). The review represents one in a family of four reviews focusing on the effectiveness of interventions in reducing drug use and criminal activity for offenders. This specific review considers interventions for female drug-using offenders.

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Robertson, R. G., R. G. Bankier, and L. Schwartz. "The Female Offender: A Canadian Study*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 9 (December 1987): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200902.

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Consecutive female admissions to the Winnipeg Remand Centre were studied and data concerning personal history, family background, psychological factors and mental health were recorded. An effort was made to determine a typical profile of female offenders and relate this to the alleged offences. Our data failed to identify what has been described by others as the “new female criminal”.

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43

Vijayalalshmi, A. "FEMALE CRIMINALITY AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION: JURISPRUDENTIAL EVOLUTION THROUGH THE INTERNATIONAL AD HOC CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 02 (February 29, 2020): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10498.

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44

Beaver, Kevin M., and John Paul Wright. "Self-Reported Male-Female Differences in Criminal Involvement Do Not Account for Criminal Justice Processing Differences." American Journal of Criminal Justice 44, no. 6 (May 23, 2019): 859–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09488-2.

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45

Tobing, Christina NM. "LEGAL PROTECTION ON FEMALE WORKERS SUBJECT TO HARRASSMENT IN WORK RELATIONS." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 9, no. 3 (December 24, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.9.3.2020.337-362.

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This study aims to describe the legal protection in the field of labor in Indonesia for female workers who had experienced harassment in work relationships.The research method used is normative juridical through statute approach, conceptual approach and case approach Baiq Nuril. The data source is in the form of primary legal materials, namely the Manpower Act, the PPHI Law, the ITE Law, the Criminal Code, the Human Rights Law and the MA Decision No. 574 K / Pid.Sus / 2018, also secondary legal materials in the form of the PKS Draft Bill, books, papers and journals that contain views and doctrines developed in the science of law.The results of the study showed that the Manpower Act had not yet provided the rights of women workers to protect their morals and decencies, as well as treatment that was in accordance with human dignity and religious values in work relations according to human rights. The status of honorary workers in government agencies became unclear after the enactment of the ASN Law. The UUK and PPHI Law cannot be applied in the case of honorary worker Baiq Nuril, because it does not include the legal subject of employer government agencies. The rights of workers detained during criminal proceedings cannot be prosecuted in the Industrial Relations Court as a manifestation of the presumption of innocence principle. Legal protection for female workers who experience non-verbal sexual harassment is not regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Code or in other criminal laws, so that their human rights cannot be maintained before a criminal court. The PKS Draft Bill has included non-verbal sexual harassment as a form of protection for women, therefore it needs to be authorized by the Parliament immediately.

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46

Lasley, Jim, Anna F. Kuhl, and Roy R. Roberg. "Relationship of Nontraditional Sex-Role Attitudes to Severity of Women's Criminal Behavior." Psychological Reports 56, no. 1 (February 1985): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.1.155.

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This study empirically examined the general hypothesis that the recent rise in aggressive women's criminal behavior is a response to nontraditional self-perceptions of the female sex-role. 50 female inmates were administered the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and the Role Theory Demographic Index. Analysis of scores indicated significant inverse relationships between nontraditional sex-role attitudes held by incarcerated female felons and the relative severity of their prior criminal acts. Findings indicate that the women who viewed themselves as most traditionally “feminine” represented the most violent female offenders.

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Lodha, Pragya, Shruti Venkatesh, Yogesh Kumar, and Avinash De Sousa. "Incentives of Female Offenders in Criminal Behavior: An Indian Perspective." Violence and Gender 5, no. 4 (December 2018): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0034.

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Rice, Stephen K., Karen J. Terry, Holly Ventura Miller, and Alissa R. Ackerman. "Research Trajectories of Female Scholars in Criminology and Criminal Justice." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 18, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 360–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511250701705305.

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Kjelsberg, Ellen, ��se-Bente Rustad, and Niranjan Karnik. "Low internalised restraint predicts criminal recidivism in young female prisoners." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 19, no. 5 (December 2009): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.743.

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Gray, R. "Commentary: Sullivan on the offspring of the female criminal alcoholic." International Journal of Epidemiology 40, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr007.

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