Journal articles: 'Female Domestic Workers'

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Tandos, Rosita. "EMPOWERING INDONESIAN FEMALE DOMESTIC WORKERS." Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 34, no. 2 (December 8, 2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jid.34i.2.53.

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Transnational domestic work is a billion dollar business that has a great impact to economic development of both sending and receiving countries. In fact, women are the main actors of this business that involve multiple stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental institutions and private sectors. Realizing the importance position of the women is necessary to enhance policies, programs and services that will bring positive impact to their lives. Islamic community development studies might provide religious perspective that integrates with other disciplines of studies such as social work, public policy and analysis, and social development. It might contribute ideas, principles and values used for improving social and economic conditions of transnational domestic workers. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the concept of Dakwah from communication (dakwah bil-lisan) into creating social action and movement (dakwah bil-hal) for attain extensive social change.***Pekerjaan rumah tangga transnasional adalah bisnis miliar dolar yang memiliki dampak yang besar bagi pembangunan ekonomi kedua negara pengirim dan penerima. Bahkan, perempuan merupakan aktor utama bisnis ini yang melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan dari lembaga pemerintah dan non-pemerintah, dan sektor swasta. Menyadari posisi pentingnya perempuan perlu meningkatkan kebijakan, program dan layanan yang akan membawa dampak positif bagi kehidupan mereka. Studi pengembangan masyarakat Islam dapat memberikan perspektif agama yang terintegrasi dengan disiplin keilmuan lain dari berbagai disilin kelimuan seperti kerja sosial, kebijakan publik dan analisis, dan pembangunan sosial. Pengembangan masyarakat Islam dapat menyumbang-kan ide-ide, prinsip-prinsip dan nilai-nilai yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi pekerja domestik-transnasional. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk memperluas konsep Dakwah dari komunikasi (dakwah bil lisan-) dalam menciptakan aksi sosial dan gerakan (dakwah bil-HAL) untuk mencapai perubahan sosial yang luas.

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Zakiah, Kiki, and Chairiawaty. "Standardized Certification for Indonesian Female Migrant Workers: Towards Qualified Domestic Workers." SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender, Women, Child, and Social Inclusion's Studies 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36625/sj.v1i2.13.

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This research paper is entitled Standardized Certification for Indonesian Female Migrant Workers: Towards Qualified Domestic Workers. The problem of the research was derived from the fact that Indonesia is the highest sender of female migrant workers. Based on the data taken from BNP2TKI, female migrant workers from Indonesia mostly work in domestic sector as housemaids. Unfortunately, most of them are still considered unskilled. There is a quite significant difference between Philippines and Indonesia’s government policy in positioning migrant workers. The government of Philippines is very serious about preparing policy to position migrant workers by providing diplomatic protection, since they realize that the income from remittance can reach 20 %, and preparing public education policy concerning migration in the form of massive pre-departure orientation in migrant worker areas. In order for Indonesian migrant workers to compete with other workers, government is required to prepare the migrant workers to fulfill requirements and standards and prepare the agenda for strengthening legal recognition of their work as housemaids. Nusron Wahid, BNP2TKI chairperson, stated that Indonesian migrant workers need to improve their skills. This is necessarily required to change the face of Indonesian migrant workers. Skill improvement program for migrant workers is provided by Labor Training Centers that can be found in every province in Indonesia. Labor Training Center offers some programs and activities both for migrant workers and public, so they can improve their knowledge, skill and character This research focused on how migrant workers empower themselves in terms of knowledge, skill, and character building through certified programs given by Labor Training Center. The research problems can be identified as follows: (1) to what extent can the certified programs given by Labor Training Center upgrade migrant worker’s knowledge, (2) to what extent can the certified programs given by Labor Training Center increase migrant worker’s skill, and (3) to what extent can the certified programs given by Labor Training Center improve migran workers’ character. The objectives of the research are: (1) to find out the map of the knowledge development of migrant workers taking the certified programs in Labor Training Center; (2) to know the improvement of migrant workers’ skill s, and (3) to find out the improvement of migrant workers’ character s . The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were gathered from previous research, in form of journals, documents and participant observation. From the data gathered, it was found out that the initiation programs organized by Labor Training Center was the dissemination of information about working abroad. This was aimed to give information to those who wanted to work outside Indonesia legally, securely, and appropriately, and to give information on opportunities to find some jobs overseas along with the advantages and disadvantages. This is one way to prepare Indonesian migrant workers to be ready to work outsideIndonesia. This means that migrant workers are given some knowledge to be well-prepared workers. In order to increase the skill of migrant workers, Labor Training Center offered some skill upgrading programs supported by practices. The skills are divided into: personal skill, social skill, and technology skill such as housework activities, social interaction, communication media, and many more. The aim was to improve the skill of migrant workers. As for character development, Labor Training Center offered some trainings, such as motivation, ethics, self-defense, work ethos, and personality. These are very needed to ensure migrant workers’ mental preparedness. The findings of the research showed that the knowledge of the migrant workers increased after they took part in the programs conducted by Labor Training Center. They knew that they needed to have legal contract when they worked overseas so that they could work safely, securely and appropriately. They would not be kicked out form a certain country any more. In terms of skill, the migrant worker could increase their social and technology skill to equip them to work overseas, whereas in terms of character building, the migrant workers could have positive mind and strong confidence to work overseas.

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McDougal, Laura, Pierre R. Band, John J. Spinelli, William J. Threlfall, and Richard P. Gallagher. "Mortality patterns in female domestic workers." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 21, no. 4 (1992): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700210415.

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Banerjee, Snigdha, and Dipti Govil. "Bengali Female Migrants: Domestic Workers in Mumbai." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632718798071.

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Tomar, Akanksha. "Morbidity Profile of Female Domestic Workers in an Urban Slum of Central Delhi." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 04, no. 04 (October 10, 2018): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.201837.

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6

Tandos, Rosita. "Improving the Life of Former Female Migrant Domestic Workers." Asian Social Work Journal 3, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v3i4.59.

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Some studies exploring the life of migrant domestic workers found that the main factor that push Indonesian migrant domestic workers is experiencing severe economic condition (Raharto, 2000; Silvey, 2004; Pitoyo, 2007). The poor economic condition forces women and girls to be domestic workers. Additionally, cultural value of patriarchy puts a responsibility for women at domestic area influencing the women’s ability to fill the demand of the domestic workers in overseas. This paper addresses the main topic of enhancing protection and empowerment for Indonesian female migrant domestic workers by specifically exploring the issues after working in overseas. The study exploring the life of former migrant domestic workers from Bondan village of Indramayu district using qualitative method. The informants of the study were the workers who just finished their work contract, staying at the moment in the village waiting for the next call or deciding to stop working in overseas. The number of participants was 40 women (n=40), joining focus-group discussions and in-depth interviews. The theoretical frameworks used in the study consist of human capabilities approach, feminist perspective, and social work theories of empowering individual, family, and community. Then, the discussion covers three main points: first, discussion of the theories applied in the study; second, the life of transnational domestic workers of examining abusive conditions; third, developing future practices to empowering the workers; and fourth, a part of the paper provides conclusion to whole points discussed.

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Mulugeta, Kidist, Hone Mandefro, and Ajanaw Alemie. "Vulnerability, Legal Protection, and Work Conditions of Female Domestic Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 532–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23674.

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Domestic workers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers. In Ethiopia, however, the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers are not well-documented and researched. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability, legal protection, and work conditions of female domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional qualitative research design was employed using in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The study participants were 15 domestic workers, three officials from the Office of Labor and Social Affairs, and five brokers of domestic workers. Findings indicate that female domestic workers experienced abuse in various forms including verbal or psychological abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault. Female domestic workers in the study area had few or no labor rights or protection. They rarely had clear contractual relations, worked long hours for low pay, and had little or no privacy. There is neither a proper state institution to promote the rights of domestic workers nor a strong viable movement among or on behalf of domestic workers. Hence, a relevant legislative framework developed by the city and national governments, and strong advocacy efforts to expose their working conditions are needed to improve the work conditions of female domestic workers.

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Bernardino-Costa, Joaze. "Intersectionality and female domestic workers' unions in Brazil." Women's Studies International Forum 46 (September 2014): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2014.01.004.

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9

Psimmenos, Iordanis. "The Social Setting of Female Migrant Domestic Workers." Journal of Modern Greek Studies 35, no. 1 (2017): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2017.0002.

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10

Syed, Jawad. "Islam and Female Migrant Domestic Workers in Qatar." Sociology of Islam 5, no. 2-3 (June 21, 2017): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00503003.

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This paper offers an Islamic perspective on the issues of female migrants, mainly in domestic work, and the Islamic ethics that pertain to their contemporary circumstances in Qatar. It uses intersectionality theory to argue that multiple identity categories of migration, ethnicity and class are important along with gender to better analyse power relations and discrimination facing female migrant domestic workers. It refers to Islamic egalitarian and humanitarian teachings as an ethical framework for legislative and cultural reforms. The paper also offers some real-life examples to illustrate the issues and challenges facing migrant domestic workers in Qatar. In the end, some recommendations and implications are offered.

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11

Wong, Diana. "Foreign Domestic Workers in Singapore." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1996): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689600500106.

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This paper discusses the regulatory and economic context of Filipina migration into domestic waged labor in Singapore. It places this migration in the history of female rural-urban migration as well as the history of domestic labor in Singapore. Finally, it raises the question as to why domestic waged labor has persisted in the global capitalist economy.

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Pusparani, Safira Prabawidya, and Ani Widyani Soetjipto. "Women and their Journey to Self-Empowerment: A Case Study of Six Indonesian Female Migrant Domestic Workers." Jurnal Perempuan 22, no. 3 (September 16, 2017): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v22i3.190.

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In Indonesia, female migrant domestic workers’ representations tend to contain negative meanings. Although they are named as “heroes of development”, but their position is nothing more than a commodity for the country. Such treatment makes female migrant domestic workers becomes vulnerable to violence and exploitation by employers, agents, andgovernment staff. Nevertheless, there is an alternative narrative that is rarely highlighted in literature or media, namely the representation of female migrant domestic workers as powerful actors. This paper seeks to fill in that alternative narrative by highlighting the agencies did by these six female migrant domestic workers. The author believes that by using the standpoint feminism perspective to analyze the struggle of these six female migrant domestic workers in empowering themselves after the oppression, it can be seen that agency has been manifested by female migrant domestic workers during the migration process. This study reveals the efforts of female migrant domestic workers to manifest their empowerment through migration decisions in the middle of patriarchal structures, their ability to resist structures with activism, and become agents of development and change for their communities.

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13

DEMİR ÇELEBİ, Çiğdem. "Being a Female Domestic Worker During the Pandemic Period from the Hope Perspective." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.2.436.

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Pandemic processes are important factors triggering the changes in the psychological and sociological structure of society. The COVID-19 outbreak has embodied many variables affecting people's lives in several terms in Turkey as in the whole world. People have appeared to face many psychosocial and economic difficulties due to the social and economic conditions changing with the pandemic period. During this period, domestic workers are the first people who experience these problems in multiple ways. Hope is an important concept in terms of protecting and improving the well-being of domestic worker women who have serious problems in terms of social security, social relations and economic income. Therefore, this research aims at examining the hope mechanisms developed by female domestic workers against the difficulties they experience during the pandemic period between March-June 2020. As it known, hope increases the well-being of people. 15 female domestic workers participated in the research, which was designed in a descriptive phenomenological pattern. The analyses obtained as a result of the interviews held with the female domestic workers revealed that the findings were related to the themes of sources of hope and adaptation process during the pandemic.

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Chin, Christine B. N. "Walls of Silence and Late Twentieth Century Representations of the Foreign Female Domestic Worker: The Case of Filipina and Indonesian Female Servants in Malaysia." International Migration Review 31, no. 2 (June 1997): 353–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100205.

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This article analyzes the distinct ways in which public walls of silence continue to surround the absence of labor rights and benefits for foreign female domestic workers in the receiving country of Malaysia. Key state and nonstate actors involved in regulating and/or encouraging Filipina and Indonesian female domestic workers’ migration to, and employment in, Malaysia are identified. It is argued that the actions and perceptions of labor-sending and receiving state officials, middle-class employers, and representatives from private domestic employment agencies have had the effect of representing Filipina and Indonesian female domestic workers respectively as economic soldiers, criminal-prostitutes and pariahs, girl-slaves, and/or commodities. Taken individually and collectively, such representations obscure the fact that foreign female domestic workers are workers who ought to be protected by labor legislation.

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Namuggala, Victoria Flavia. "EXPLOITATION OR EMPOWERMENT? ADOLESCENT FEMALE DOMESTIC WORKERS IN UGANDA." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 6, no. 4 (2015): 561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs.64201514288.

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16

Barua, Rashmi, Gauri Kartini Shastry, and Dean Yang. "Financial education for female foreign domestic workers in Singapore." Economics of Education Review 78 (October 2020): 101920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.101920.

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Suwandi, Nurfaizi. "The migration behavior model of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers in Egypt." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c7p5.

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This paper examines the migration behavior model of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers in Egypt. I develop a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) combined with the Theory of Migration. Samples of 209 respondents are collected using convenience sampling technique. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is employed to analyze the empirical model. The findings indicate that respondents who do not have a previous employment status tend to have a better perception or attitude towards the profession of migrant domestic worker. Encouragement from the surrounding environment, including family and friends, who agree, hope, recommend, or persuade them to work as a migrant worker is a significant factor in improving the intention to become a migrant worker, especially in Egypt.

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Hidalgo, Sara. "The Making of a “Simple Domestic:” Domestic Workers, the Supreme Court, and the Law in Postrevolutionary Mexico." International Labor and Working-Class History 94 (2018): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547918000157.

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AbstractThis article examines the legal construction of domestic labor as an unskilled and undervalued occupation in postrevolutionary Mexico, a milieu that was otherwise renowned for an extraordinary expansion of workers’ rights. Based on the writing of legal scholars and legal disputes between domestic workers and their employers that reached Mexico's Supreme Court, the article discusses how a discourse that framed domestic labor as an occupation confined within the protective bounds of the household became an enduring legal formula to justify and reinforce the exclusion of domestics from labor protections recognized for other workers. In so doing, it shows how Supreme Court jurisprudence ultimately redefined the criteria for delimiting this large occupational category based on what was understood as its particular spatialization (the indoor household space) and its distinctive temporalization (guided by family needs instead of production demands). Designating workers who fit these criteria as “simple domestics,” the Court erased any professional specialization among them, marginalizing this overwhelmingly female workforce from other service workers, such as doormen and private drivers, who had previously been considered “domestic.”

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Bhattacharjee, Sanghita, and Bhaskar Goswami. "Determinants of Empowerment: An Insight from the Study of the Female Domestic Workers." Paradigm 24, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890720959513.

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Female domestic workers (FDW) are one of the most vulnerable segments of a society facing adverse social domination and economic discrimination. The present article aims at investigating to what extent the participation of poor women in economic activities empowers them. The study amalgamates data collected from 334 female domestic workers living in different areas of South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal through a semi-structured questionnaire during a period of 6 months from January 2016 to June 2016. This district was chosen on the basis of existing inter-linkage between the growth and expansion of the city of Kolkata in her southern part, existence of a large number of Bangladeshi migrants in South 24 Parganas ( Kumar, 2010 ), evidences of large scale commuting of unorganized workers ( Roy, 2003 ) and the expanding informal market where the supply of manual labour comes from the fringes of the district. The article tries to explore the different dimensions of empowerment from the study of female domestic workers. This includes workers’ involvement in taking household decision, free movement, possession of assets and restricting domestic violence. By adding the obtained scores and weights of the indicators, a cumulative empowerment index is constructed. Restrictions in mobility and lack of ownership of permanent assets amongst workers indicate their subordination in the household hierarchy and highlight that women are excluded from asserting influence over household properties. Severe domestic violence against women is common and visible even when husbands are unemployed. About 69 per cent of female domestic workers report incidences of physical assault at home. The index, thus, establishes that the majority of the domestic workers level of empowerment is between low to moderate.

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Fouskas, Theodoros, Paraskevi Gikopoulou, Elisavet Ioannidi, and George Koulierakis. "Gender, transnational female migration and domestic work in Greece." Collectivus, Revista de Ciencias Sociales 6, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 99–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.15648/coll.1.2019.7.

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In global labour markets, migrant workers are mainly found in precarious, low-status/low-wage occupations in undeclared work and the underground/informal sector of the economy which demands a low paid, uninsured, mobile, temporary and flexible workforce. This article argues that migrant women are mostly employed as domestic workers in various countries that demand precarious, low-status/low-wage service workers and personal services. Feminist scholarship on migration underlines, that social constructions of gender and racial stereotypes drive men and women into specific roles and therefore dictate their experiences. Social constructions of gender cannot be considered separate from social constructions of class, gender, race, ethnicity, and sexuality; female migrants are disassociated from family relationships, community associations, solidarity networks, and become susceptible to discrimination based on race and ethnicity, class and gender in the reception countries. This article provides an intersectional review of research on domestic work, healthcare and community networks in Greece (1990-2018). Intersectionality produces assumptions set in women’s race and ethnicity, projecting unequal labour rights among sexes in Greece. Gender, race and ethnicity subject women to obedience, susceptibility and exploitation, confining them to domestic work, and low-paid jobs without social rights. Last but not least, this article suggests that ethnic background and unstable legal residence status works as a mechanism of control and suppression, which in turn force female migrants to accept low wages, refrain from demanding healthcare services and from seeking support from migrant community associations. Employers confiscate their documents, monitor them and threaten to report them to the authorities, thus institutionalising exploitation, leading to forceful application of discipline, consent, subordination, obedience and dependency of domestic workers.

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Grover, Shalini. "English-speaking and Educated Female Domestic Workers in Contemporary India." Journal of South Asian Development 13, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 186–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174118788008.

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This article foregrounds a labour market for English-speaking and educated female domestic workers and their Western expatriate employers. Many women in this anthropological study had left office jobs and institutional environs connoting dignity to take up employment in Euro-American households performing what is widely perceived as low-status work. Using the narratives of domestic workers, this article scrutinizes motivations for opting for a stigmatized occupation and finds women’s accounts to be multilayered and provocative, thereby challenging established generalizations. In the intimate space of the expatriate household, these female workers diligently perform the tasks of an ‘all-rounder’ that represents a new managerial role in globalizing India. As part of expanding niche labour markets, the article highlights how these roles demand eclectic skill sets, professionalism, certified training, transnational experience and gender-specific expertise. Nonetheless, a key leitmotif is how domestic service with expatriates’ remains embedded in power relations and class-race hierarchies. In developing the anthropology of domestic labour, this article illuminates the continuation of persistent inequality and stratification in a locally functioning transnational labour market.

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Camacho, D. N. C. "Female Domestic Workers. New Challenges Raised by the Ilo Convention." Gênero & Direito 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18351/2179-7137/ged.v5n1p1-24.

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Pavlou, Veronica. "The Case of Female Migrant Domestic Workers in Europe: Human Rights Violations and Forward Looking Strategies." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 9 (December 11, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/aahdh-0-2011pp67-84.

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Female migrant domestic workers constitute one of the most vulnerable groups of workers in the international labour market as they are frequently found working and living in conditions that put their human rights at stake. They can be subjected to multiple and intersecting discriminations deriving from their gender, their status as migrants and their occupation. The aim of this article is to explore the issue of female migrant domestic workers through its human rights dimension. It first analyses the phenomenon by discussing aspects such as gender, ethnicity and migration. Secondly, it provides for an account of the International and European framework for the human rights protection of this group of migrant women. Then, some of the most important human rights concerns that the issue of female migrant domestic workers entails, such as the exploitative terms of work, the problematic living conditions and private life issues, are discussed. Finally, the article, examines suggestions that could improve the living and working conditions and the general status of female migrant domestic workers. The forward looking strategies presented are grouped in three core categories; how to prepare female migrant domestic workers for their entry to the destination country, how to protect them through migration policies and labour regulations and finally, how to empower them allowing them to develop skills and capacities for better civic participation.Published online: 11 December 2017

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Loh, Jennifer, and Alicia F. Estrellado. "Filipino Domestic Workers and Their Capacity Development." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 6 (June 21, 2016): 824–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167816654357.

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This study explored the day-to-day experiences of female Filipino domestic workers in Singapore, including their working conditions, employee–employer relationships, and psychological health. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women. Using grounded theory, the emergent themes revealed high levels of variation, both within and between women, suggesting that the quality of domestic workers’ lives depends largely on the personal characteristics of their employers or the workers themselves, rather than on any system of protection. More importantly, participants displayed positive and resilient coping strategies which enabled them to thrive despite restrictive circumstances. Implications pertaining to capabilities and empowerment development were discussed.

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Islam, M. Saiful. "Perilous Wages: Predicaments of Female Labour Migration from Bangladesh to the Middle East." Issues in Social Science 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v6i1.14933.

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The recent bilateral agreement between Bangladesh and the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) has facilitated migration of female domestic workers, which has opened up an opportunity as well as challenge for Bangladesh. Opportunities are quite significant in a sense that male migration has already been saturated in the GCC countries which has a major impact on the flow of remittances. The abundant and employable female labour force in Bangladesh could easily contribute to this international labour migration, and thereby add to the national economic development. There are serious problems as well since many Bangladeshi female domestic workers are reported to be exploited, sexually abused and raped by the middle man, recruiting agents, and the overseas employers. Many women fled from their employer and sought shelter at the Bangladesh consulate in Jeddah and Riyadh, alleging that they are either being tortured, not properly fed, paid, or not given job as promised. Many female migrants left their family members and young children at home in Bangladesh, which created further social problems as women are still considered as homemakers and childcare providers in the Bangladeshi cultural context. At this backdrop, the time is up to find out ways to make female domestic migration safe and secure. Both the sending and receiving countries must come up with policies and awareness programs that would ensure safety for the female domestic workers. It requires a strong commitment from both the sending and receiving countries that the policies, acts and laws are in favour of female migrant workers. National and international NGOs, civil society and media could play vital role to adopt and implement appropriate policies for safe and sound migration of the female domestic workers.

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Manzoor, Seema, Dua e. Rehma, Misbah B. Qureshi, and Muhammad Shahid. "Analyzing Level Of Sexual Harassment And Exploitation Of Female Domestic Workers." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 13, no. 1 (September 8, 2016): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v13i1.193.

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This study aims to establish the understanding and producing realistic information about the level of sexual harassment and exploitation of female domestic workers. The study has also tried to analyze the issues which affect the life of women working as domestic workers and facing great challenges. In Pakistan number of female domestic workers is growing dut to poverty, lack of education and inflation. By using quantitative research method researcher has analyzed different factors and circumstances which these women are experiencing, different areas of Karachi are chosen as universe of population for this study. Whereas, convenience and purposive sampling techniques of non-probability sampling method are used in order to collect the data by hundred respondents from different areas of Karachi. In Pakistan now more women are connected to labour force due to increased employment opportunities, on the other hand women are doing work outside their homes to gain their economic independence and the rights and social standing like men in the family and society. But they face exploitation, sexual harassment and discrimination.

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Tyner, James A. "The Web‐based Recruitment of Female Foreign Domestic Workers in Asia." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 20, no. 2 (December 1999): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9493.00054.

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Hugo, Graeme, and Swarna Ukwatta. "Sri Lankan Female Domestic Workers Overseas — The Impact on Their Children." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 19, no. 2 (June 2010): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719681001900203.

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Allmark, Panizza, and Irfan Wahyudi. "Travel, sexuality and female Indonesian domestic migrant workers in Hong Kong." Continuum 33, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 630–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2019.1652042.

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Guo, Man, Nelson W. S. Chow, and Lawrence A. Palinkas. "CIRCULAR MIGRATION AND LIFE COURSE OF FEMALE DOMESTIC WORKERS IN BEIJING." Asian Population Studies 7, no. 1 (March 2011): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2011.544905.

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Bhattacharjee, Sanghita, and Bhaskar Goswami. "Female Domestic Workers: Income Determinants and Empowerment Correlates—A Case Study." Indian Journal of Labour Economics 63, no. 2 (June 2020): 483–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00223-8.

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Basnet, Chudamani, and Sandhya A. S. "Nepali Domestic Workers in New Delhi: Strategies and Agency." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 13 (December 29, 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v13i0.25960.

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Scholars have noted deplorable conditions of female migrant workers who suffer several types of citizenship disabilities as most countries do not extend equal citizenship rights and protections to migrant workers. In addition to this, they are unable to take full advantage of the rights available to them in the host countries because of low cultural and social capital. Further, studies have emphasized how the breakdown of the traditional economy and the penetration of the market in developing societies have forced people, especially from rural areas, to seek low-paying dead-end jobs in the global labor market. Examining Nepali domestic workers in New Delhi, while this research agrees with the existing studies, we also bring to notice the fact that migrant female workers are not always passive victims and that they exercise considerable choice and agency. The case of Nepali domestic workers in New Delhi offers fresh insight into the ways in which migrant women attempt to actively influence and control the work conditions and immediate labour market outcomes. This paper also shows that even if Nepali migrant workers gain in a limited way, they actively collude with their employers to marginalize native domestic workers. In the end, traditional power relations and inequality are reproduced unchallenged.

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Nadeau, Kathleen. "A maid in servitude: Filipino domestic workers in the Middle East." MIGRATION LETTERS 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v4i1.207.

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This paper presents Filipino economic history as a way to provide a brief background to the events that precipitated one Filipino woman’s migration to the Middle East. Her story is not rare but shares in common patterns with the stories of many other female contract workers, especially domestic workers. It chronicles government policies and business practices that profit from their remittances. It is being retold here so that the invisible world of female contract workers and, more often than not, the poor conditions under which they live and labour, might be better understood.

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Lan, Pei-Chia. "Political and Social Geography of Marginal Insiders: Migrant Domestic Workers in Taiwan." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 12, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680301200105.

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This paper looks at the incorporation and marginalization of female migrant domestic workers in Taiwan. The first part sketches the political geography of foreign workers by examining how the government regulates, marginalizes, and disciplines foreign contract workers. The second part portrays the social geography of migrant domestic workers in Taiwan by discussing how they establish multiple forms of communities and networks. I also compare Filipina and Indonesian migrant domestic workers in terms of how they are discursively constructed by employment agencies and how they gather in different spatial patterns on Sundays.

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Weng, Shuen-Fu, Azis Malik, Utoomporn Wongsin, Franziska Michaela Lohmeyer, Li-Fong Lin, Suleman Atique, Wen-Shan Jian, Yuherina Gusman, and Usman Iqbal. "Health Service Access among Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 4, 2021): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073759.

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The number of migrant workers in Taiwan increases annually. The majority is from Indonesia and most of them are female caregivers. This study aims to determine the access to health services and the associated factors among Indonesian female domestic workers in Taiwan. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from February to May 2019, using a structured questionnaire. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between socio-demographic factors and health service access. Two hundred and eighty-four domestic migrant workers were interviewed. Eighty-five percent of the respondents declared sickness at work, but only 48.8% seek health care services. Factors associated with health service access were marital status, income, and the availability of an attendant to accompany the migrant workers to the healthcare facilities. Language barrier and time flexibility were the main obstacles. Further research and an effective health service policy are needed for the domestic migrant workers to better access health care services.

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Agarwala, Rina, and Shiny Saha. "The Employment Relationship and Movement Strategies among Domestic Workers in India." Critical Sociology 44, no. 7-8 (May 3, 2018): 1207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920518765925.

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This article examines how paid domestic workers in India fight to reproduce themselves by attaining recognition for their employment relationship and struggling to advance their labor rights. We find a striking convergence toward female-dominated unions that articulate the recipient of domestic services as “employers,” their employment relationship as an exploitative one in terms of time and dignity, and the household as a place of work and profit. To ensure a focus on women members and leaders, domestic workers’ have developed different union types including politically-affiliated and independent unions, as well as unions affiliated to NGOs, faith-based institutions, and cooperatives. Domestic workers’ direct, one-to-one employment relationship has led organizations to empower workers to confront employers’ daily control of workers’ associations (even outside the workplace), citizenship rights, worth, and dignity. However, because domestic workers’ employment relationship is still not recognized by Indian law, domestic workers avoid confronting employers and instead target the state when demanding material concessions to de-commodify their labor. These findings offer important insights into the limits and potential of domestic workers’ struggles.

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Blofield, Merike, and Merita Jokela. "Paid domestic work and the struggles of care workers in Latin America." Current Sociology 66, no. 4 (April 23, 2018): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392118765259.

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About 30% of households are intimately involved in paid domestic work in Latin America, either as employers or as workers. Paid domestic workers overwhelmingly are female, from racial and ethnic minorities, and earn low wages. Labour codes have historically accorded them fewer rights and protections. Domestic workers have organized to demand equal rights, and recently, this organizing has begun to pay off. This article discusses the dynamics of paid domestic work through the themes of commodification and changes in government policies. Through a comparison of post-millennium Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico and Peru, the article compares the working conditions and struggles of domestic workers and highlights the factors that explain different outcomes in terms of labour rights and protections across these countries. It is argued that stronger rights and protections were made possible by the interactive effects of domestic workers organizing, more sympathetic left-wing governments, and the watershed ILO 2011 Convention on Domestic Workers.

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Slamet, Mulyana, El Karimah Kismiyati, and Octavianti Meria. "The Reposition of Women’s Role in Migrant Worker’s Families in Karawang." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187311008.

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Being a migrant worker is an alternative choice for many Karawang people to get out of the economic hardship. The decision of many women to be a migrant worker indicates the reposition of their role from reproduction to production. However, this creates internal problems, as well as deeply affects their domestic functions and roles, in their families. This research aimed to describe the reposition of women’s role in migrant workers’ families related to their decision to work abroad. Case study was the method used to provide a complete and in-depth view on the subject under study. The subject was multi-sources with ten key informants of female migrant workers from Tempuran District in Karawang Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and library study. The result shows that the reposition of female migrant workers’ role in Karawang is from domestic sphere (as housewives) to public sphere (as breadwinner). It occurs because of family economic pressure, which eventually resolved by working abroad. Although it has a positive impact on the fulfillment of family economic needs, it has a negative impact on psychological and social aspects of abandoned husbands and children.

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Jiang, Yao, Huawei Luo, and Fan Yang. "Influences of Migrant Construction Workers’ Environmental Risk Perception on Their Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 7424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207424.

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Employing Chinese General Social Survey 2013 data (N = 678), this study examines the influences of migrant construction workers’ environmental risk perception (ERP) on their physical and mental health. The ERP of migrant construction workers is characterized by six dimensions: perceptions of air pollution, industrial waste pollution and noise pollution at working sites, and perceptions of domestic waste pollution, water pollution and food pollution at living sites. The results indicate that migrant construction workers with stronger ERP have better physical and mental health. The results also suggest the influences of ERP on the physical and mental health of migrant construction workers with different gender and age (<50 and ≥50 years) are heterogeneous. Perceptions of industrial waste pollution, noise pollution and domestic waste pollution significantly affect female workers’ physical health, but not that of male workers. The six dimensions of ERP all significantly influence male workers’ mental health, while except for domestic waste pollution perception, the other perceptions do not influence that of female workers. Perceptions of air pollution, domestic waste pollution, and water pollution significantly influence physical health of workers aged 50 and above, while those of ERP do not work on that of workers younger than 50. Perception of food pollution significantly influences mental health of workers younger than 50, but not that of workers aged 50 and above. The seemingly unrelated regression shows the results in this paper are robust.

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Kahlenberg, Caroline. "New Arab Maids: Female Domestic Work, “New Arab Women,” and National Memory in British Mandate Palestine." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743820000379.

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AbstractThe “new Arab woman” of the early 20th century has received much recent scholarly attention. According to the middle- and upper-class ideal, this woman was expected to strengthen the nation by efficiently managing her household, educating her children, and contributing to social causes. Yet, we cannot fully understand the “new Arab woman” without studying the domestic workers who allowed this class to exist. Domestic workers carried out much of the physical labor that let their mistresses pursue new standards of domesticity, social engagement, and participation in nationalist organizations. This article examines relationships between Arab housewives and female domestic workers in British Mandate Palestine (1920–1948) through an analysis of domestic reform articles and memoirs. Arab domestic reformers argued that elite housewives, in order to become truly modern women, had to treat maids with greater respect and adjust to the major socioeconomic changes that peasants were experiencing, yet still maintain a clear hierarchy in the home. Palestinian memoirists, meanwhile, often imagine their pre-1948 homes as a site of Palestinian national solidarity. Their memories of intimate relationships that developed between elite families and peasant maids have crucially shaped nationalist narratives that celebrate the Palestinian peasantry.

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Fairuzzahra, Nabila Vina, and Susy Ong. "Representasi Pekerja Wanita dalam Serial Drama Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain." J-Litera: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra dan Budaya Jepang 2, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jlitera.2020.2.2.3430.

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Gender inequality has been an issue in Japanese employment. This issue is then being reflected by media in Japan through drama series such as Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain. Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain told about a rookie worker and his comerades whom tried so hard to work in trading company. This research aimed to identify and explain how female workers were represented in Hope: Kitai Zero no Shinnyu Shain drama series through the characterization of Kazuki Akane and Shiraishi Ryoko. This research is qualitative descriptive research. To analyze data, this research used semiotic approach by Roland Barthes. The result showed that female workers in the drama series were represented as 1) ones whose main role gender was in domestic sphere; 2) ones who supported male counterparts; 3) subordinates who had lower position than male counterparts. Therefore, this representation reflected gender inequality that occured between male workers and female workers.

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Williams, Catharina P. "Female transnational migration, religion and subjectivity: The case of Indonesian domestic workers." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 49, no. 3 (October 29, 2008): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8373.2008.00382.x.

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Van Bortel, Tine, Steven Martin, Sabrina Anjara, and Laura B. Nellums. "Perceived stressors and coping mechanisms of female migrant domestic workers in Singapore." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): e0210717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210717.

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Jureidini, Ray, and Nayla Moukarbel. "Female Sri Lankan domestic workers in Lebanon: a case of ‘contract slavery’?" Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30, no. 4 (July 2004): 581–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830410001699478.

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Ukwatta, Swarna. "Sri Lankan female domestic workers overseas: mothering their children from a distance." Journal of Population Research 27, no. 2 (June 2010): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-010-9035-0.

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Arokkiaraj, H., and S. Irudaya Rajan. "Trafficking to Gulf Countries: The Lived Experiences of Indian Female Domestic Workers." Asian Women 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14431/aw.2021.3.37.1.119.

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Chambers, Thomas, and Ayesha Ansari. "Ghar Mein Kām Hai (There is Work in the House)." Journal of South Asian Development 13, no. 2 (July 12, 2018): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174118782506.

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This article examines the utilization of female Muslim factory workers, in a North Indian woodworking industry, as domestic labour in the homes of their employers. The ethnography illustrates the importance of considering hidden forms of domestic-sector employment where workers are coopted into domestic tasks. The illumination of ‘coopted domestic labour’ has implications for understanding the breadth and scope of the sector and contributes to debates around its regulation, definition, growth and feminization. Female Muslim factory workers did not see ‘coopted domestic labour’ as a livelihood ‘choice’ but as exploitation enabled through employers’ tactics, such as the use of advance payments, forms of ‘neo-bondage’, and through structural continuity across domestic and industrial contexts which situated women at the bottom of the labour hierarchy. It also involved complex negotiations around reputation, character and practices of purdah (veiling) which, whilst already an issue for those working in factories, became intensified when entering the homes of others. The article develops its contribution by introducing the category of ‘coopted domestic labour’ and empirically illustrating its intersection with gender norms, Islam, forms of neo-bondage and structural considerations.

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Liao, Tim F., and Rebecca Yiqing Gan. "Filipino and Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Hong Kong: Their Life Courses in Migration." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 740–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220910229.

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This article presents a portrayal of Filipino and Indonesian female domestic workers’ life courses in migration, using the life history calendar data from the 2017 survey of migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. Applying sequence analysis, we first analyzed migration trajectory features such as individual migration trajectories, duration spent in each state, and longitudinal diversity of state distributions. We found that Indonesian domestic workers, compared with their Filipino counterparts, are more diverse in their migration histories, indicating involvements in serial migration. We also conducted a cluster analysis of the domestic workers’ migratory trajectories. The analysis yielded three meaningful clusters/types of migrant workers—those moved late in life, those who participated in serial migration, and those migrated directly from their home country to Hong Kong. Finally, we investigated the effect of a complex migration history on job satisfaction and the characteristics of membership in the three ideal-typical migration types among the domestic workers older than 39 years.

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Yarsiah, Riva Dila, and Alia Azmi. "Beban Ganda Buruh Tani Perempuan di Jorong Limpato Nagari Kajai Kecamatan Talamau Kabupaten Pasaman Barat." Journal of Civic Education 3, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jce.v3i3.367.

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This study aims to describe the phenomenon of the double burden endured by female farm workers in Jorong Limpato Nagari Kajai and the impact of the double burden on family and social activities in the community and to identify the involvement of the female farmworker's husband in domestic work. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method conducted in Jorong Limpato Nagari Kajai Talamau District, West Pasaman Regency. The informants in this study were determined using purposive sampling technique. The type of data in this study consisted of primary and secondary data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show the phenomenon of the double burden faced by women farm workers can be seen from their productive, reproductive, and social roles in society. The positive impact of a double burden on the family is to increase the husband's income in meeting family needs, while the negative impact is the time to gather with the family and educate and supervise children is limited and the difficulty in allocating time to carry out their role creates pressure for farm laborers. The positive impact of a double burden on social activities in the community is women active in social activities in the community that are informal as at weddings and deaths, while the negative impact is the lack of interaction between women farm workers and community members, in addition to social activities held during the day women farm workers are rarely attended because to attend they are forced to leave their jobs. The involvement of the female farm worker husband in domestic work is very low due to the construction of community thought in Jorong Limpato which results in gender injustice against the female farm worker. interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show the phenomenon of the double burden faced by women farm workers can be seen from their productive, reproductive, and social roles in society. The positive impact of a double burden on the family is to increase the husband's income in meeting family needs, while the negative impact is the time to gather with the family and educate and supervise children is limited and the difficulty in allocating time to carry out their role creates pressure for farm laborers. The positive impact of a double burden on social activities in the community is women active in social activities in the community that are informal as at weddings and deaths, while the negative impact is the lack of interaction between women farm workers and community members, in addition to social activities held during the day women farm workers are rarely attended because to attend they are forced to leave their jobs. The involvement of the female farm worker husband in domestic work is very low due to the construction of community thought in Jorong Limpato which results in gender injustice against the female farm worker.

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Schwartz, Laura. "A Job Like Any Other? Feminist Responses and Challenges to Domestic Worker Organizing in Edwardian Britain." International Labor and Working-Class History 88 (2015): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547915000216.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the Domestic Workers’ Union of Great Britain and Ireland (est. 1909–1910), a small, grassroots union organized by young female domestic servants in the years leading up to the First World War. This union emerged against a backdrop of labor unrest as well as an increasingly militant women's movement. The article looks at how the Domestic Workers’ Union drew inspiration from the latter but also encountered hostility from some feminists unhappy with the idea of their own servants becoming organized. I argue that the uneven and ambivalent response of the women's movement toward the question of domestic worker organizing is significant not simply as an expression of the social divisions that undoubtedly characterized this movement, but also as reflecting a wider debate within early twentieth-century British feminism over what constituted useful and valuable work for women. Attitudes toward domestic worker organizing were therefore predicated upon feminists’ interrogation of the very nature of domestic labor. Was it inherently inferior to masculine and/or professional forms of work? Was it intrinsically different from factory work, or could it be reorganized and rationalized to fit within the industrial paradigm? Under what conditions should domestic labor be performed, and, perhaps most importantly, who should do it?

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Journal articles on the topic 'Female Domestic Workers'

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