Relevant bibliographies by topics / Female gangs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Female gangs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Female gangs"

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Brotherton, David C. "“Smartness,” “Toughness,” and “Autonomy”: Drug Use in the Context of Gang Female Delinquency." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600114.

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This paper, based on data from interviews with a selective sample of self-identified gang females, compares the practices and characteristics of three gangs, highlighting the interrelationship of drugs, delinquency, and social context. Using themes developed from the classical gang delinquency study of Walter Miller in 1958 (Journal of Social Issues, XIV, no. 3), this paper argues that just as he was able to discern major “focal concerns” among lower-class gang males, the same might be said of gang females. However, during the era in which Miller was writing, gang females were still considered mere “appendages” of male gangs and left unanalyzed. This paper refocuses attention on the importance of gang female agency, showing how the degree of autonomy obtained by gang females is shaped by the entrepreneurial success of their delinquent activities, especially in the field of drug sales.
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Hunt, Geoffrey P., Karen Joe-Laidler, and Kristy Evans. "The Meaning and Gendered Culture of Getting High: Gang Girls and Drug Use Issues." Contemporary Drug Problems 29, no. 2 (June 2002): 375–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090202900207.

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This paper explores drug use in the lives of female gang members. Gang researchers have traditionally neglected the roles that females play in street gangs. More recent efforts have begun to examine the social life of young women and to uncover the extent to which the women develop a subculture within a male-dominated environment. In analyzing the culture of drug use in gang life, we uncover the extent to which women use illicit drugs in a highly gendered way. We focus on the ways in which female gang members use drugs in a recreational manner, in a social setting where drug taking is normative behavior. Data for this paper are drawn from an ongoing study of street gangs in the San Francisco Bay area in which 168 female gang members were interviewed using both a quantitative and a qualitative interview schedule.
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Lanctôt, Nadine, and Marc LeBlanc. "Les adolescentes membres des bandes marginales : un potentiel antisocial atténué par la dynamique de la bande ?" Criminologie 30, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017400ar.

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The goal of this article is to improve our knowledge concerning the social and personal characteristics of the female gang members. Data have been collected from 150 girls who were convicted by the juvenile court of Montreal during 1992 and 1993. The analysis shows that girls who join gangs have serious handicaps which are related to their social adaptation, their personality and their deviant and delinquent conducts. Consequently, female gang membership responds to a selection process, as it does with the male membership. The profile of the female also changes depending on the structure of the gang to which they join. As the gang becomes more organized, the girls' personality gets worst. However, the context of the organized gangs seems to limit the girls to auxiliary roles rather then being an opportunity to discharge their antisocial potential.
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Dixon, Caneel, and Christine Krueger. "The Influence of Gangs in Central America with Respect to Woman’s Wellbeing." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2020v8i1.pp68-75.

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The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of gangs in Central America on women and the communities that the gangs control. This examination incorporates system dynamics modeling techniques, which includes using Vensim software to show both Causal Loop and Stock and Flow Diagrams. This research evaluates the influence of a community’s power over its citizens through its ability to enforce anti-gang policies and the strength of local community organizations. Comparing five different Central American countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) allowed the model to provide data to create policy recommendations for the entire region in addition to each of the five countries. Our conclusions suggest that thorough increasing policies restricting gang activities and promoting women’s involvement in society (via higher levels of education, female employment, and female role models), communities will grow stronger and be less affected by the violence and influence of gangs.
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Conway-Turner, Jameela, Kari Visconti, and Adam Winsler. "The Role of Gang Involvement as a Protective Factor in the Association Between Peer Victimization and Negative Emotionality." Youth & Society 52, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x19869803.

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Gang involvement is associated with many negative outcomes. However, the social and emotional development of gang-involved youth has received little empirical investigation. This study examines the social and emotional outcomes of gang-involved youth. Data come from the 2009 Fairfax County Youth Survey administered to eighth, 10th, and 12th grade students ( N = 27,869, 50% female, 55% minority). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to test the associations between victimization and negative emotionality, and the potential moderating effect of age and gang involvement. Results showed a positive relationship between victimization and negative emotionality. Youth involved in gangs were more likely to experience victimization. However, the association between peer victimization and negative emotionality was diminished for youth in gangs compared with those not in gangs. In addition, results showed that negative emotional outcomes from victimization were worse for middle school compared with high school students.
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Alleyne, Emma, and Elizabeth Pritchard. "Psychological and behavioral characteristics differentiating gang and non-gang girls in the UK." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 2, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-05-2015-0017.

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Purpose – Research has demonstrated that girls are involved in gangs as members and affiliates. However, the psychological processes related to female gang membership has, to date, not been examined using a rigorous comparative design. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether female gang members exhibit distinct psychological and behavioral features when compared to female non-gang youth. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 117 female students were recruited from all-girls’ secondary schools in London, UK. Gang members (n=22; identified using the Eurogang definition) were compared to non-gang youth (n=95) on self-report measures of criminal activity, sexual activity, self-esteem, anti-authority attitudes, their perceived importance of social status, and hypermasculinity, using a series of MANCOVAs. Findings – The results found that gang members reported significantly more criminal activity, sexual activity, unwanted sexual contact, and held more anti-authority attitudes when compared to their non-gang counterparts. Practical implications – These findings support Pyrooz et al.’s (2014) findings that gang membership contributes to the theoretical conceptualization of the victim-offender overlap. Practitioners need to take this into consideration when working with female gang members. Originality/value – There is very little research that explicitly examines the characteristics of female gang members with suitable comparison groups. This study adds to the growing literature on female involvement in gangs and highlights the distinct psychological and behavioral characteristics of this group. In summary, these findings support the notion that female gang members are both at risk of being sexually exploited and engaging in criminal activities.
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Cureton, Steven R., Meda Chesney-Lind, and John Hagedorn. "Female Gangs in America: Essays on Girls, Gangs and Gender." Contemporary Sociology 29, no. 5 (September 2000): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2655268.

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Hagedorn, John M., Jose Torres, and Greg Giglio. "Cocaine, kicks, and strain: patterns of substance use in Milwaukee gangs." Contemporary Drug Problems 25, no. 1 (March 1998): 113–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099802500106.

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This study describes the patterns of substance use by male and female gang members in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from their teenage years in the 1980s into adulthood. Milwaukee gangs started out as one form of neighborhood-based drug-using peer group. There was much variation in drug use, and family variables explained little of the variation. Male gang members raised in families with a history of gang involvement and drug use were more likely than other gang members to use cocaine and to use it seriously. On the other hand, severe family distress was not related to onset, duration, or seriousness of cocaine use in either males or females. Cocaine use for both males and females increased in adulthood. It appears that the etiology of adult and adolescent drug use may differ. Neither social control theory nor differential association theory is well suited to explain the variations in gang drug use by age or gender.
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Young, Tara. "Girls and Gangs: ‘Shemale’ Gangsters in the UK?" Youth Justice 9, no. 3 (December 2009): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225409345101.

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In recent years there have been a number of high profile stories reporting increasing levels of female involvement in group related crime. According to these reports teenage girls are no longer spectators hovering on the periphery of street gangs but are hard core members actively engaging in the kind of extreme violence that is usually the preserve of men. As girl ‘gangsters’, young women are seen to be engaging in a wide range of crimes such as robbery, rape and murder. Using findings from an empirical study on young people’s use of weapons and involvement in street based groups, this article examines female involvement in ‘gangs’ and their violent behaviour. It challenges the dominant stereotype of girl ‘gangsters’ as malicious violent aggressors. The notion of the gang and implications for policy and practice will also be considered.
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Scott, Daniel, and Natalie Goulette. "Caregiver Type and Gang Involvement: A Comparison of Female and Male Gang Members." Social Sciences 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12080432.

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Gang involvement and delinquency are prominent issues frequently examined in criminal justice scholarship. Research has revealed that gang involvement increases the likelihood of delinquency/crime, and that youth participate in gangs for a variety of reasons including protection, status, and a sense of belonging. Although research has found that various social and familial factors increase the probability of gang involvement, it primarily focuses on males, and little work has compared how a youth’s primary caregiver influences the likelihood of gang involvement among both male and female gang members. The current study uses school level data to examine gang involvement and primary caregiver type among male and female youth. The results identify significant differences in gang involvement among boys and girls when examining primary caretaker. The findings have implications for theory and programming in connection with youth gang involvement for both boys and girls.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Female gangs"

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Ford, Champagne Monique. "Examining the effects of abuse on girls in gangs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3397.

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The purpose of this study is to encourage further study and attention to girls that are at high risk of becoming members of a gang. The more that can be learned about this group the more can be done to implement appropriate policies and programs to effectively target and assist this population. This study is based on an existing data set that profiled the needs and characteristics of girls that were incarcerated May 1996 at a California Youth Authority facility in Ventura, now called The Division of Juvenile Justice.
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Pecoulas, Katherine A. "Perceptions of Gangs and Their Effect on the Legal System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/521.

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Several studies have examined the effect of gang affiliation on jury decision-making. However, none of such studies have examined how jurors perceive female gang members in the legal system, and how such perceptions may differ based on the geographic location of jurors. In the proposed study, jury-eligible participants from Chicago or Los Angeles will read a vignette about a gang member defendant, whose race and gender will vary. After reading the vignette, participants will be asked about the defendant’s guilt, sentence length, verdict confidence, aggression, and their familiarity with gang laws. It is hypothesized that while male gang members will be perceived as guiltier than females, they will receive shorter sentences. Additionally, while racial minority gang members will be perceived as guiltier, they will receive shorter sentences. Lastly, given the differing racial compositions of Chicago and Los Angeles, the combined effect of race and location will be examined on jury decision-making. These results may help in further understanding how certain types of gangs are perceived, and how these perceptions shape the legal outcomes of gang members.
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Kelly, Ashlin. "Girls in Gangs: Listening to and Making Sense of Females' Perspectives of Gang Life." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32202.

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This thesis is an exploratory qualitative study that seeks to capture some of the experiences and challenges faced by females who have been gang-involved, either directly or peripherally. A total of eleven interviews were completed with seven women who were either former members of a gang (directly involved) or knew and associated with male and female gang members (peripherally involved) in Canada. The thesis examines my participants’ views of why women enter, persist and desist from gangs. My participants reported that girls join and stay in a gang primarily because they have a significant other who is a male gang member. A sense of kinship, financial dependency, and a lack of alternatives were cited as reasons for girls to join and persist in gangs. The main motivators for desisting were pregnancy, physical separation, treatment and hitting “rock bottom”. The principal findings indicate that there is a gendered hierarchy within mixed gangs that enables males to maintain power and control over females, impacting girl’s expectations, roles and responsibilities in a mixed gang. The significant social, psychological, physical and financial barriers to desistance are outlined and should be considered when devising programming to facilitate gang desistance for females. Furthermore, my participants stressed the need for comprehensive intervention initiatives that account for gender in order to help women desist safely and successfully. The study highlights that desisting from a gang can be a lifelong process, requiring ongoing support structures. The findings speak to the need to make the ‘invisible’ female gang members visible.
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Nimmo, Melanie R. "Responding to female gang affiliation, an analysis of gender construction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/MQ32201.pdf.

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Oliver, Deia. "A study of the effects of self-esteem and family involvement on gang activity involvement among adolescent females." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3220.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-esteem and gang activity involvement and family involvement and gang activity involvement among adolescent females. Using non-probability sampling, fifty African American ninth-grade students who were enrolled at an Atlanta Public School were selected. An original questionnaire was administered to examine the participants' level of self-esteem, family involvement, and gang activity involvement. Findings indicated that self-esteem and family involvement were not correlated with gang activity involvement. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Couper, Rachel. "How do females make sense of their experiences of being involved in gang activity?" Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5404/.

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Female gang involvement continues to be a largely under researched topic, particularly within the UK and understandings are often based on the perspectives of male participants. Furthermore, media discourses continue to be individualistic and blaming, and often fail to consider the impact of the wider context on a person’s experiences. Taking a critical realist – social constructionist epistemological position, this research aims to contribute to the understanding of female gang involvement. This study recruited four young women who had previous experiences of gang involvement. Participants were interviewed about their experiences of gang involvement, factors that influenced them to become involved and what helped them transition out of a gang. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was carried out and four super-ordinate themes were identified, which were: getting involved; ‘the circle of life’, getting involved; ‘survival, being involved; ‘a double edged sword’, getting out and staying out. The findings of this study suggest that growing up around gangs and a failure to have needs met influence young women to become involved in gangs. Experiences of being involved were framed as a ‘double-edged sword’, as the participants described both positive and negative experiences. Although some experiences of gang involvement were experienced as being positive, the all or nothingness of gangs, sexism, and experiences of violence and betrayal within relationships, made it extremely difficult for these young women to survive, and thrive, within this context. These negative experiences lead them to question life within the gang. However, getting out was described as a complex process, particularly because of the permanency of gang involvement and adverse social contexts. The implications of this research, for clinical practice and future research, are outlined.
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Kober, Ryan Kylie. "Bodies of Evidence: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Female Central American and Mexican Asylum Seekers in Dallas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984243/.

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This work addresses the experiences of female asylum seekers from Central and Mexico currently living in Dallas, TX. The main purpose is to analyze how these women engage in the gendered processes of both migrating to and accessing legal resources and protection within the United States. As the women move through male-dominated spaces in their home country, the borderlands, and the asylum court they must challenge the patriarchal institutions that attempt to silence their narratives and criminalize their bodies. Their physical wounds become evidence in the courtroom, while outside of the courtroom their movements are monitored and tracked through multiple mechanisms of state control: ankle monitors, detention centers, ICE check-ins. They face intersectional discrimination as they are targeted as both women and immigrants. However, these female asylum seekers are not victims. They constantly display agency as they represent themselves in court, find solace in their faith, and form community with each other.
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"靑年幫會女成員之行為模式與凝聚力的關連硏究." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896288.

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區潔盈.
論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會工作學部, 1998.
參考文獻: leaves 127-134.
中英文摘要.
Ou Jieying.
Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1
Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻參考 --- p.6
Chapter 第三章 --- 槪念架構 --- p.43
Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究設計方法 --- p.55
Chapter 第五章 --- 硏究結果 --- p.65
Chapter 第六章 --- 硏究假設之驗証 --- p.84
Chapter 第七章 --- 總結及建議 --- p.91
附錄一徵求受訪者接受訪問同意書 --- p.115
附錄二 問卷 --- p.116
參考書目 --- p.127
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"Assessing the Treatment Needs of Female Juvenile Gang Members: An Exploratory Study." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14710.

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abstract: The research on female juvenile gang members is limited in scope and research has not yet examined mental health issues in this population. This study examines the case histories of 127 female juvenile gang members who were arrested by the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. To add to the limited gender-specific research on female juvenile gang members, data are presented regarding this population's mental health problems, childhood maltreatment, substance abuse problems, age of contact with the juvenile justice system, and other factors salient to female juvenile gang members' prevention, treatment, and intervention needs. Female juvenile gang members who had a mental health diagnosis were significantly more likely to report childhood maltreatment. Female juvenile gang members who were younger at their age of first arrest were significantly more likely to report chronic substance use. Clinical levels of anger-irritability and depression-anxiety were found for approximately half of female juvenile gang members and suicide ideation was found for approximately one fourth. These findings have important implications for practitioners and gender-specific prevention, intervention, and treatment programs targeted specifically for female juvenile gang members.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S.W. Social Work 2012
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Piquette, Jenny C. "Exploring the Effects of Friendship on Risky Sexual Behavior: A Look at Female Gang Members." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1148.

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Gang membership is associated with increased exposure to risky behaviors, including violent victimization and other negative health outcomes (Krohn and Thornberry 2008; Howell and Decker 1999) Using a sample of 74 African American female gang members from Champaign IL, this study explores the association between gang friendships and risky sexual behavior, specifically the number of sexual partners an individual has had. I argue that gang friendship networks are proxies for risky behavior and this may extend into the realm of sexual health as well. Understanding the effect of friendship may help to explain an individual’s propensities towards risky sexual behavior above and beyond individual level attributes, as friendship has been linked to peer influence. I will examine three main research questions. (1) What is the broad effect of friendship on sexual risk taking among female gang members? (2) How does gang affiliation alter the effect of friendship? and (3) How does the effect of friendship differ based on the strength of the tie? Findings suggest that friendship networks have a strong prediction effect on number of sexual partners amongst gang women in my sample, but varies based on type of friendship and strength of tie. Results suggest that affiliated gang friends increase the likelihood of having more sexual partners, whereas non-affiliated and non-gang friends decrease this likelihood. When disaggregated, the strength of the relationship is significant.
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Books on the topic "Female gangs"

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Desmond, Pip. Trust: A true story of women and gangs. Auckland, N.Z: Random House New Zealand, 2009.

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Meda, Chesney-Lind, and Hagedorn John 1947-, eds. Female gangs in America: Essays on girls, gangs, and gender. Chicago: Lake View Press, 1999.

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1947-, Hagedorn John, and United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention., eds. Female gangs: A focus on research. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2001.

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translator, James Dafydd, ed. Y Nyth: Pigebanden. Llandysul: Gomer, 2013.

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Villanueva, Chea. The Chinagirls. [S.l.]: Lezzies on the Move Productions, 1991.

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Valdez, Avelardo. Mexican American girls and gang violance: Beyond risk. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.

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Prichard, Rebecca. Yard gal. London: Faber and Faber, 1998.

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Writer, Larry. Razor: Tilly Devine, Kate Leigh, and the Razor gangs. Sydney, N.S.W: Pan Macmillan, 2009.

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Santiago, Nisa. Return of the Cartier Cartel. Bellport, NY: Melodrama Publishing, 2010.

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Cunha, Anna Lúcia, and Miriam Abramovay. Gangues, gênero e juventudes: Donas de rocha e sujeitos cabulosos. Brasília: Presidência da República, Secretaria de Direitos Humanos, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Female gangs"

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Colvin, Mark. "Before the Civil War: “True Womanhood” and the “Depraved” Female Offender." In Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs, 131–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-38518-8_6.

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Colvin, Mark. "Before the Civil War: “True Womanhood” and the “Depraved” Female Offender." In Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs, 131–52. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312299262_6.

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Lewis, Marjorie, Dianne McIntosh, and Anna Kasafi Perkins. "“Some Girls Are So Vicious that Even the Boys Fear Them”: Girls and Gangs in Jamaica." In Female Child Soldiering, Gender Violence, and Feminist Theologies, 93–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21982-6_7.

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Knox, George W., Gregg W. Etter, and Carter F. Smith. "Females in the Gang World." In Gangs and Organized Crime, 189–213. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315118604-6.

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Salinas, Marisa D., and Xuan Santos. ""I wanted to be the first Mexican Mafia1 female member"." In Critical and Intersectional Gang Studies, 138–51. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003159797-12.

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McDonald, Aubri F. "Sexual Assault and Female Gang Involvement: A Look at Risk Amplification and Prevention." In Handbook of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Prevention, 761–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_46.

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Campbell, Anne. "Girls' Talk The Social Representation of Aggression by Female Gang Members." In Gangs, 373–90. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351157803-21.

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"FEMALE VIOLENCE AND GIRL GANGS." In Moral Panics, 115–24. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203980903-11.

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"9. Liberating Yet Limiting: The Paradox of Female Gang Membership." In Gangs and Society, 161–82. Columbia University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/kont12140-009.

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Urbanik, Marta-Marika, and Sandra M. Bucerius. "Women in Gang Research." In The Oxford Handbook of Gangs and Society, 287–311. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197618158.013.28.

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Abstract This chapter is multipronged, broadly evaluating women in gang ethnography. First, the chapter provides an overview of the women who have produced notable works in this area and documents the contributions of female gang ethnographers across disciplines to the growing field of gang studies. It highlights how female scholars have extended the field, especially pertaining to unmasking the roles of girls and women in gangs, gender theory, feminist and queer methodology in gang research, as well as other methodological innovations. Second, the chapter critically evaluates the process of conducting gang ethnography as a woman, unmasking the unique and complex fieldwork realities women must often navigate. In this respect, this chapter explores the challenges and benefits of this type of research. It then outlines directions for future research with respect to encouraging and expanding both the topics of inquiry and the scholars who undertake this work.
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