Relevant bibliographies by topics / Female intrasexual competition

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Academic literature on the topic 'Female intrasexual competition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Female intrasexual competition"

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Mealey, Linda. "Evolutionary models of female intrasexual competition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 2 (April 1999): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99451817.

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Female competition generally takes nonviolent form, but includes intense verbal and nonverbal harassment that has profound social and physiological consequences. The evolutionary ecological model of competitive reproductive suppression in human females, might profitably be applied to explain a range of contemporary phenomena, including anorexia.
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Grant, James W. A., and Patricia E. Foam. "Effect of operational sex ratio on female–female versus male–male competitive aggression." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-217.

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We compared the patterns of female–female and male–male competition in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) in response to changes in the operational sex ratio (OSR), the ratio of sexually active members of one sex to sexually active members of the opposite sex. As expected, courtship behaviour and intrasexual aggression were more frequent in males than in females. However, the overall patterns of female–female and male–male aggression were similar: intrasexual aggression increased with the OSR (female/male OSR for females and male/female OSR for males), consistent with predictions of mating-systems theory. A comparative analysis of our data and those from three other studies indicated that the rate of intrasexual aggression was greater in males than in females, but the patterns of intrasexual aggression were similar: the rate increased linearly and with a common slope with increasing OSR over a range of 0.4–3.
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Egan, V. "Female intrasexual competition and intimate partner violence." Personality and Individual Differences 101 (October 2016): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.125.

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Fiacco, Serena, Simona Palm-Fischbacher, Jana Campbell, and Ulrike Ehlert. "Measuring female intrasexual competition by the scale for intrasexual competition: a validation of the German version." Archives of Women's Mental Health 22, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-018-0890-6.

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Dijkstra, Peter D., and Ton G. G. Groothuis. "Male-Male Competition as a Force in Evolutionary Diversification: Evidence in Haplochromine Cichlid Fish." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (July 13, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/689254.

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It has been suggested that intrasexual competition can be a source of negative frequency-dependent selection, causing agonistic character displacement and facilitating speciation and coexistence of (sibling) species. In this paper we synthesise the evidence that male-male and female-female competition contributes to cichlid diversification, showing that competition is stronger among same-coloured individuals than those with different colours. We argue that intrasexual selection is more complex because there are several examples where males do not bias aggression towards their own type. In addition, sibling species or colour morphs often show asymmetric dominance relationships. We briefly discuss potential mechanisms that might promote the maintenance of covariance between colour and aggression-related traits even in the face of gene-flow. We close by proposing several avenues for future studies that might shed more light on the role of intrasexual competition in cichlid diversification.
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Robinson, Matthew R., and Loeske E. B. Kruuk. "Function of weaponry in females: the use of horns in intrasexual competition for resources in female Soay sheep." Biology Letters 3, no. 6 (August 21, 2007): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0278.

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In many species, females show reduced expression of a trait that is under sexual selection in males, and this expression is thought to be maintained through genetic associations with the male phenotype. However, there is also the potential for the female trait to convey an advantage in intrasexual conflicts over resources. We tested this hypothesis in a feral population of Soay sheep, in which males and females have a polymorphism for horn development, producing either full (normal horned), reduced (scurred) or no (polled, females only) horns. During the lambing period, females who possessed horns were more likely to initiate and win aggressive interactions, independent of age, weight and birthing status. The occurrence of aggression was also context dependent, decreasing over the lambing period and associated with local density. Our results demonstrate that a trait that confers benefits to males during intrasexual competition for mates may also be used by females in intrasexual competition over resources: males use weaponry to gain mates, whereas females use weaponry to gain food.
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Smith, Henrik G., Ulf Ottosson, and Maria Sandell. "Intrasexual competition among polygynously mated female starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)." Behavioral Ecology 5, no. 1 (1994): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/5.1.57.

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Frame, Alicia M. "The role of sexual preferences in intrasexual female competition." BMC Evolutionary Biology 12, no. 1 (2012): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-218.

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Townsend, John Marshall. "Male dominance hierarchies and women's intrasexual competition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 2 (April 1999): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x9947181x.

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In their competition for higher-status men, women with higher socioeconomic status use indirect forms of aggression (ridicule and gossip) to derogate lower-status female competitors and the men who date them. Women's greater tendency to excuse their aggression is arguably a cultural enhancement of an evolutionarily based sex difference and not solely a cultural construction imposed by patriarchy.
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Sternalski, Audrey, François Mougeot, and Vincent Bretagnolle. "Adaptive significance of permanent female mimicry in a bird of prey." Biology Letters 8, no. 2 (November 9, 2011): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0914.

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Permanent female mimicry, in which adult males express a female phenotype, is known only from two bird species. A likely benefit of female mimicry is reduced intrasexual competition, allowing female-like males to access breeding resources while avoiding costly fights with typical territorial males. We tested this hypothesis in a population of marsh harriers Circus aeruginosus in which approximately 40 per cent of sexually mature males exhibit a permanent, i.e. lifelong, female plumage phenotype. Using simulated territorial intrusions, we measured aggressive responses of breeding males towards conspecific decoys of females, female-like males and typical males. We show that aggressive responses varied with both the type of decoys and the type of defending male. Typical males were aggressive towards typical male decoys more than they were towards female-like male decoys; female-like male decoys were attacked at a rate similar to that of female decoys. By contrast, female-like males tolerated male decoys (both typical and female-like) and directed their aggression towards female decoys. Thus, agonistic responses were intrasexual in typical males but intersexual in female-like males, indicating that the latter not only look like females but also behave like them when defending breeding resources. When intrasexual aggression is high, permanent female mimicry is arguably adaptive and could be seen as a permanent ‘non-aggression pact’ with other males.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Female intrasexual competition"

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Kleiber, Danika Lynn. "Female intrasexual reproductive competition in the facultatively polygynous song sparrow." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2525.

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Reproductive competition among females is an under-studied aspect of behavioural ecology. In species where males provide non-sharable resources that enhance individual and offspring fitness, such as feeding young, intrasexual conflict among females should be expected. My thesis examined reproductive competition among female song sparrows by estimating the reproductive costs of losing male care and behavioural strategies females employed to avoid the loss of male care. I used a long-term study of song sparrows, a facultatively polygynous passerine, on Mandarte Island, British Columbia Canada, to examine the potential reproductive and survival costs that polygyny might have on females. I found that polygynous females without male care experienced lower nest and lifetime reproductive success than polygynous females with male care. In contrast, female status within polygynous groups had no impact on overwinter survival. Three strategies that females might use to avoid polygyny or ensure access to male parental care while in polygyny include 1) intrasexual aggression to deter secondary females from settling, 2) infanticide of primary female’s nest by secondary females to improve nesting status or 3) nest timing to either increase the comparative worth of the nest through synchrony, or eliminate competition for male care through asynchrony. Using a mount presentation experiment I found that resident females reacted as predicted if intrasexual aggressive behaviour was used to deter secondary female settlement and ensure male parental care. Over 18 years when polygyny occurred in the population, I found evidence that the presence of secondary females was correlated with a rise in the nest failure rate of primary females, but I found no evidence that polygynous females used nest timing strategies to influence access to male care. Overall, my results suggest that female song sparrows use aggressive behaviours to reduce secondary female settlement, and within polygynous groups secondary females may use infanticide to advance their status. Despite the existence of female strategies to circumvent the loss of fitness due to polygynous mating, polygyny still occurred regularly in the population. This observation suggests that the strategies described above are often not effective, or that their costs outweigh the potential gains to individual fitness.
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Lee, Terence. "Female ornamentation and intrasexual competition if the convict cichlid fish (Archocentrus Nigrofasciatus)." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1486384711&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Fisher, Maryanne L. "An evolutionary examination of female intrasexual competition /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99167.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Psychology.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99167
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Rosvall, Kimberly. "Costs and Benefits of Intrasexual Aggression in Females: an Experimental Approach." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1099.

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A long-held assumption in animal behavior is that females and males differ fundamentally in their mating strategies. Females are thought to be more choosy because female reproduction typically is limited by parental investment. Males, on the other hand, are expected to compete among themselves for access to females or resources, since male reproduction is limited primarily by mating access. This dichotomy is challenged by the increasing realization that males can be choosy and females also compete aggressively. It remains unclear, however, if and how selection acts on aggressive behavior in the context of intrasexual competition among females (reviewed in Chapter 1). In this thesis, I use a population of free-living tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to test predictions about the selective pressures shaping aggressive behavior in females. First, using an experimental manipulation of nest site availability, I demonstrate that more aggressive females have a competitive edge in acquiring nestboxes, a critical limiting resource required for breeding (Chapter 2). This result shows that more aggressive females are more likely to breed and, thus, that females experience direct selection to be aggressive in the context of competition for mating opportunities. Next, I demonstrate a fitness cost of female aggression (Chapter 3): high levels of aggression in females are not associated with the quantity of offspring, but instead, more aggressive females had offspring of lower quality (i.e. reduced mass). Using a cross-fostering approach, I explore the causal link between female aggression and offspring mass, and I find that a trade-off between female aggression and maternal care best accounts for this cost of aggression. Site differences may create variation in how selection shapes female aggression, but the overall finding that more aggressive females have lower quality offspring indicates that this cost may work counter to selection favoring aggressive behavior in the context of competition over nestboxes. Understanding the evolution of female aggressiveness in a biparental system is incomplete without examining how males may alter the selective environment shaping female behavior. In Chapter 4, I explore the potential role of a female's mate in offsetting the costs of aggression. Males appear to mitigate these costs for their female partners, but not by compensating for poor parenting by aggressive females. Instead, females invest more heavily in reproduction, laying more and larger eggs, when mated to a male that is more different from her own phenotype. If this differential investment outweighs the cost of aggressiveness in terms of offspring quality, then male phenotype may play a key role in understanding the selective pressures shaping the evolution of aggressive behavior in females. Altogether, this dissertation explores the costs and benefits of female aggressive behavior. The focus on aggressiveness as a sexually selected trait in females provides a much needed parallel to the wealth of information already known about the selective pressures shaping sexually selected traits in males.


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Scobell, Sunny Kay. "The Role of Androgens in Male Pregnancy and Female Competitive Behavior in a Sex Role Reversed Pipefish." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10676.

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The sex-role reversal and male pregnancy found in syngnathids are highly unusual traits in vertebrates. Reproductive hormones likely influence development and regulation of these traits. However, very few studies have examined the underlying hormonal mechanisms that mediate female competitive behavior and male pregnancy. New methodologies and better husbandry practices have made such studies more feasible in recent years. Research on a relatively small number of species has suggested that androgens are likely regulators of spermatogenesis and the development of the male brood pouch prior to pregnancy. Androgens are also potential candidates for mediating sex-role reversed behavior in female syngnathids. The goal of this dissertation was to examine the role of androgens in the male reproductive cycle and female intrasexual competitive behavior in the sex-role reversed Gulf pipefish, Syngnathus scovelli. From review of the literature, I developed a model for the hormonal regulation of the male reproductive cycle in seahorses. I predicted that androgens would be low during the early stages of pregnancy and increase during the end of pregnancy as males go through another cycle of spermatogenesis in preparation for the next mating event. My study of 11-ketotestosterone and testis mass across the reproductive cycle in male S. scovelli supported this model. I also conducted several studies on the role of androgens in female competitive behavior. I determined that treatment with 11-ketotestosterone the evening prior to an intrasexual interaction resulted in an increase in competitive behavior in large over small test females. Conversely, treatment with 11-ketotestosterone one hour prior to an intrasexual interaction resulted in a decrease in competitive behavior in large over small females when stimulus female behavior was controlled. A comparative study of competitive and courtship behavior in S. scovelli and the closely related S. floridae suggested that sexual selection has affected competitive and courtship behavior in both males and females of these species. The diversity of reproductive patterns exhibited by syngnathids suggests that they will provide a unique opportunity to assess how hormonal regulation of reproductive behavior and function has evolved within this lineage.
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Books on the topic "Female intrasexual competition"

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Scott, Nicole M. Female Intrasexual Competition in Primates. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.7.

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Males and females compete with each other and amongst their own sex, but often for different reasons. This chapter enriches current understanding of female-female competition in humans by examining competition in other primates; it explores why females compete and discusses when affiliation and cooperation may lead to better outcomes. Socioecological constraints on a species—such as social organization, food competition, and dispersal preference—play a major role in the structure of female-female relationships; notable attention is given to factors that affect social relationships: food competition, reproduction, dispersal, and dominance. Bond maintenance behaviors and communication strategies are also discussed relative to female-female relationships. Three nonhuman primate societies are examined, and potential lessons from these structures are gleaned where possible. The chapter reviews human progress in overcoming phylogenetic and ecological constraints in favor of women’s societal liberties.
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Yong, Jose C., Norman P. Li, Katherine A. Valentine, and April R. Smith. Female Virtual Intrasexual Competition and Its Consequences. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.38.

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Intrasexual competition is a key component of sexual selection. Evolutionarily, women compete for access to and retention of mates on key dimensions that men have evolved to value and prioritize in their long- and short-term mates, in particular physical attractiveness. Such competition evolved to be adaptive in ancestral environments as the perceived competition consisted of real individuals. However, underlying psychological mechanisms for competition are excessively triggered and more continuously engaged in modern environments, because these psychological mechanisms for social comparison and competition, at a deep level, do not differentiate between real people and imagined intrasexual competition in the form of mass media images. Utilizing an evolutionary mismatch framework, this chapter explores ways that women are psychologically influenced by the pervasive presence of virtual same-sex competitors for mates. Various negative psychological states in modern societies (e.g., depression, eating disorders) may be linked to virtual intrasexual competition.
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Morris, Craig Eric, Melanie L. Beaussart, Chris Reiber, and Linda S. Krajewski. Intrasexual Mate Competition and Breakups. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.19.

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Female competition for male attention is multifaceted. Typically psychological and relational in nature, this competition may be no less damaging than physical violence more commonly used between males. Research on female–female mate competition has examined short-term effects, yet how women cope with long-term effects of romantic relationship dissolution has been little explored. If negative emotions exist because they provide an evolutionary advantage (attuning physiological processes, thoughts, and behaviors to deal with situations that have frequently incurred high fitness costs), then emotions arising from the loss of a mate to a sexual rival may potentially motivate actions that could make one avoid this scenario in the future. This essay argues that there are consequences of female intrasexual mate competition that may be both evolutionarily adaptive and also beneficial in terms of personal growth and that may expand beyond mating and into other realms of personal development.
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Johnsen, Laura L., and Glenn Geher. Fashion as a Set of Signals in Female Intrasexual Competition. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.37.

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Fashion is one tool that women employ to enhance their overall attractiveness to increase mating opportunities and repel competition from other females. This essay first discusses how evolution has shaped the female form and how clothing is used to enhance desirable traits. Additionally, this essay addresses how fashion trends have endured throughout history because they have been continually successful in maintaining women’s attractiveness. Further, the reasons why women… clothing when engaging in competitive strategies such as self-promotion and competitor manipulation is also explored. The second section covers how women’s physiological occurrences influence the way they dress and how males perceive them. Third, this essay delves into the social perceptions and consequences of wearing certain kinds of clothing. It explores how fashion is used to attract and retain mates by enabling a woman to stand out among her potential rivals and/or forcing rivals to back down from pursuing a potential partner.
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Gallup, Andrew C. Adolescent Peer Aggression and Female Reproductive Competition. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.9.

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Research suggests that intrasexual aggression during adolescence functions in competition over dating and reproductive opportunities and that aggressive strategies are more adaptive for females at this developmental stage. This sex difference appears to be related to the differential use of aggressive behavior and slightly uneven developmental trajectory between adolescent males and females. Competition over males is a common motive for female aggression during middle and high school, and, similar to adults, adolescent aggressors often use tactics of competitor derogation to lower the mate value of rivals. Taking an evolutionary perspective, findings demonstrate that adolescent females who engage in intrasexual peer aggression tend to have adaptive dating and sexual patterns, whereas those who are frequently victimized suffer maladaptive fitness outcomes. Recent research also shows that directed female intrasexual aggression during early stages of adolescence can be effective in both disrupting dating relationships of rivals and gaining access to desired dating partners.
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MacEacheron, Melanie, and Lorne Campbell. Moderation of Female–Female Competition for Matings by Competitors’ Age and Parity. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.27.

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Previous research on female intrasexual competition, especially but not only for matings or mateships, has largely been conducted using convenience samples of women of undergraduate status and therefore generally between the ages of 17 and 22. Even among such articles including women over 25, the majority do not focus on mate competition. There is a priori reason, however, to believe that intrasexual competition for matings and mateships would extend and change beyond this life stage. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on female intrasexual competition over women’s reproductive careers, discusses factors that should result in predictable changes in female intrasexual competition as women age, and proposes testable hypotheses that should help guide future research in this area of research. Based on this analysis, new theories concerning reproductive advantage derivable from acquiring the status of successful mother are proposed.
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Nagamuthu, Chenthila, and Elizabeth Page-Gould. Competition between Female Friends. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.11.

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Many theories of cross-group friendship are based on the assumption that friends are inherently equal in status. This chapter discusses the idea that, even among same-sex friends, this assumption may be premature. It compares evidence for two contrasting arguments concerning competition between female friends: (a) intrasexual competition is highest among friends, and (b) friendship nullifies competition between friends. The chapter argues that equality may not be as normative in close friendships as the field has intuitively assumed. It also discusses how acknowledging and embracing these differences can lead to better predictions for the role of close relationships in interpersonal dominance and cooperation.
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Fisher, Maryanne L., and Ana María Fernández. The Influence of Women’s Mate Value on Intrasexual Competition. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.52.

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In order to engage in assortative mating, people must be accurate in self-assessments of their current worth on the mating market. We argue that people intrinsically know their worth (i.e., mate value), and that this knowledge has far-reaching implications on a variety of behaviors and decisions. Here our focus is on women’s mate value and how it relates to their intrasexual competition for access to, and retention of, romantic partners. We start with a review of definitions and the components of female mate value, discuss mate preferences in relation to assessment of mate value, and then briefly provide a sample of some auxiliary issues, such as how feelings of control over mate value influence one’s well-being. We then turn to female intrasexual competition and specifically review competitive strategy use in relation to mate value. In the last section, we provide areas for further investigation.
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Dillon, Haley M., Lora E. Adair, and Gary L. Brase. Operational Sex Ratio and Female Competition. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.1.

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When there is a surplus of one sex in a population, members of that sex often compete against each other for access to the scarcer sex. This chapter reviews the theoretical foundations for this phenomenon, focusing on the concept of operational sex ratio (OSR; the ratio of viable and available males to females in a given mating market) versus overall sex ratio, as well as the phylogenetic evidence of sex ratios as an important factor influencing mating behaviors. Research on human OSR and its effects is a fairly recent development but has already led to findings that are generally coherent and consistent with the nonhuman evidence. The evidence to date indicates that people who find themselves in female-disadvantaged mating markets show systematic and adaptive changes in their behaviors, including increased female intrasexual competition. The chapter concludes with discussions of additional issues and future directions for research on OSR.
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Arnocky, Steven, and Tracy Vaillancourt. Sexual Competition among Women. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.3.

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Darwin (1871) observed in his theory of evolution by means of sexual selection that “it is the males who fight together and sedulously display their charms before the female” (p. 272). Researchers examining intrasexual competition have since focused disproportionately on male competition for mates, with female competition receiving far less attention. In this chapter, we review evidence that women do indeed compete with one another to secure and maintain reproductive benefits. We begin with an overview of the evolutionary theory of competition among women, with a focus on biparental care and individual differences in men’s mate value. We discuss why competition among women is characteristically different from that of men and highlight evidence supporting women’s use of epigamic display of physical attractiveness characteristics and indirect aggression toward same-sex peers and opposite-sex romantic partners as sexually competitive tactics. Finally, individual differences in competition among women are discussed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Female intrasexual competition"

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Hahn, Amanda, and Benedict Jones. "Intrasexual Competition Between Females." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2005-1.

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Hahn, Amanda, and Benedict Jones. "Intrasexual Competition Between Females." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 4201–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_2005.

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"Female Intrasexual Competition." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 3019. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_301774.

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Cothran, Rickey. "Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict in Crustaceans." In Reproductive Biology, 305–31. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688554.003.0011.

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Research using crustaceans has improved the understanding of sexual selection and sexual conflict. This is particularly true for understanding the biology of male weaponry and sexual conflict over mate guarding. Male crustaceans often are equipped with exaggerated claws that they use to monopolize access to females or resources that females use for reproduction. However, these weapons are often used in other contexts, e.g. mate choice and coercion of females, and understanding their evolution requires a broader perspective of how these traits are built and the fitness consequences of their use for both the bearer and interacting individuals. Although less well studied than male weaponry, crustaceans also provide excellent examples of elaborate sensory structures that are used in scramble competition among males for females. In addition to studies on male-male competition, crustaceans have been well represented in research on intrasexual selection (for the most part, female mate choice). Crustacean females use a variety of sensory channels to assess mates, and a challenge is to better understand what is being conveyed by signaling males and the fitness consequences of mate choice for females. In some cases the female’s sensory system appears to be exploited by males, and this could lead to sexual conflict over mating. Research on crustaceans has also informed the understanding of sexual conflict over mate guarding, including the evolution of traits used to resolve conflict and how the ecological context shapes the costs and benefits of guarding for both sexes.
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Brüne, Martin. "Feeding and eating disorders." In Textbook of Evolutionary Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, 233–44. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198717942.003.0015.

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Feeding and eating disorders comprise syndromes occurring in childhood or in people with intellectual disability, as well as the classic eating disorders, namely anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder. Individuals with anorexia nervosa are preoccupied with body weight and shape. They engage in diverse activities aimed to reduce body weight. People with bulimia have normal body weight, and have episodes of uncontrolled intake of food (binge eating). Both anorexia and bulimia are associated with the desire to gain control over pressures to fulfil sociobiological role models. Paradoxically, these disorders occur more often in societies where food is abundant. Eating disorders are much more prevalent in females than males. It is unclear whether amenorrhoea is key to the control of one’s reproductive potential, and whether this behaviour is maternally induced to promote ‘help at the nest’. Alternatively, thinness, as in anorexia, may be a by-product of intrasexual competition for mates.
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