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Journal articles on the topic 'Female laughter'
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Rousseau, Aloysia. "Offstage Laughter: Restoration Comedies and the Female Audience." XVII-XVIII, no. 70 (December 31, 2013): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/1718.525.
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Hennefeld, Maggie. "Death from Laughter, Female Hysteria, and Early Cinema." differences 27, no. 3 (2016): 45–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10407391-3696631.
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Garayev, Safa. "Psychology, Performance, and Social Context of Laughter in Azerbaijan Folklore." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 9, no. 2 (2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v9i2.2621.
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<p>Social context often drives the performance of laughter in cultural situations. As a metaphor, laughter provides not only an exchange of integrative information among the community members, but also the enactment of aggressive relations in the society. These characteristics may be seen clearly while observing metaphors related to the performance of laughter in the Azerbaijani socio-cultural environment. In the study of humor, content is usually analyzed but the performance of behavioral cues such as laughter is neglected, although it can shed light on the meaning of the communication. To understand folk behaviors and texts related to the laughter, I argue that special attention needs to be given to behaviors as well as texts communicated in a social situation. This study reveals that the jokes causing laughter are accepted and perceived by the male and female audiences differently. Women's laughter receives disapproval in the Azerbaijan cultural context regarding sexuality. Men take such laughter to be a threat to their manliness.</p>
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Burns, Steven. "Reason, Love and Laughter." Dialogue 28, no. 3 (1989): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300016000.
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Yes, this is the book that those who know Ronald de Sousa have been waiting for. Since long before his 1979 Dialogue article, there has been much interest in what de Sousa thinks about the rationality of emotions. Many promises are here fulfilled.In our traditional patriarchal philosophy, the standard view is that reason ought to be the controlling element in human nature. Commonly in this tradition, emotion is considered an opposing force—a female power allied with the irrational, and devoted to dragging men from attending to the clarity and truth which are the proper objects of their devotion. In contemporary anglophone philosophy, the distinction between reason and emotion reached a certain pitch in emotivist accounts of ethics. Recently, beginning with the critique of emotivism, there have been gestures of revision to these views of how emotions are related to reason. Bernard Williams hinted at rethinking the traditional relationship when he remarked that, “the capacity for creative emotional response has the advantage of being, if not equally, at least broadly, distributed”.
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Bryant, Gregory A., Daniel M. T. Fessler, Riccardo Fusaroli, et al. "The Perception of Spontaneous and Volitional Laughter Across 21 Societies." Psychological Science 29, no. 9 (2018): 1515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618778235.
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Laughter is a nonverbal vocalization occurring in every known culture, ubiquitous across all forms of human social interaction. Here, we examined whether listeners around the world, irrespective of their own native language and culture, can distinguish between spontaneous laughter and volitional laughter—laugh types likely generated by different vocal-production systems. Using a set of 36 recorded laughs produced by female English speakers in tests involving 884 participants from 21 societies across six regions of the world, we asked listeners to determine whether each laugh was real or fake, and listeners differentiated between the two laugh types with an accuracy of 56% to 69%. Acoustic analysis revealed that sound features associated with arousal in vocal production predicted listeners’ judgments fairly uniformly across societies. These results demonstrate high consistency across cultures in laughter judgments, underscoring the potential importance of nonverbal vocal communicative phenomena in human affiliation and cooperation.
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Yoon, Susan Kyungmin. "Liberating Female Bodies: Resistance through Laughter in Sarah Kane’s Blasted." Journal of Modern British & American Language & Literature 38, no. 3 (2020): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21084/jmball.2020.08.38.3.145.
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김복순(金福順). "Review on the Laughter and the Meaning of Female Fool Folktales." Society for Korean Language & Literary Research 36, no. 1 (2008): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15822/skllr.2008.36.1.255.
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Babaeva, Raisa I., and Anna S. Iatsenko. "FEMALE TYPES OF GERMAN LAUGHTER LINGUOCULTURAL: NOMINATION OF WOMEN IN JOKES." Crede Experto: Transport, Society, Education, Language, no. 1 (2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_69.
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Marso, Lori. "Feminist Cringe Comedy: Dear Dick, The Joke Is on You." Politics & Gender 15, no. 1 (2018): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000387.
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AbstractFeminist cringe comedies eschew the conventions of romance and sentimentality in favor of comedy that discomforts. Cringe comedies are one example of what I call feminism's visual realisms, so named for doing feminist political work by evoking laughter and the cringe. The cringe pulls us inward in our posture, while laughter opens us to others. This bodily response to cringe comedies interrupts the fantasies of the male gaze and makes space for spectators to acknowledge the excessive, complicated, and seemingly shameful realities of female desire. My primary example is Jill Soloway's television adaptation of Chris Kraus's I Love Dick, a series that builds on the feminist legacy of avant-garde director Catherine Breillat. Departing from politically correct narratives and comforting or sentimental affect, I Love Dick achieves feminist community through the appeal, the cringe, and the irruption of laughter.
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Lima Caminha, Melissa. "Hacia una risa posthumana y decolonial: Construyendo una risistencia feminista monstruosa en la payasaria." Arte y Políticas de Identidad 22 (June 24, 2020): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reapi.433971.
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En las dos últimas décadas, diversas payasas vienen desarrollando un movimiento de visibilización de este tipo cómico, tanto en el circo como en el teatro. Festivales, talleres e investigaciones vienen contribuyendo para escribir la historia doblemente excéntrica de las payasas. Este honorable movimiento, sin embargo, aun parece seguir la misma lógica arquetípica del payaso moderno, heredero de la Ilustración. Este trabajo pone en valor la payasa en tanto cuerpa política fundamental, con el potencial de crear risistencias plurales que puedan deconstruir la figura del payaso moderno y la risa humanista encarnada en su arquetipo. Reconoce la importancia histórica de la payasa, e invita a seguir avanzando en sus políticas artísticas del cuerpo, ahora a partir de una perspectiva feminista posthumanista y decolonial, proponiendo políticas de coaliciones artística y teórica en pro de una democracia de la risa. A través de la creación de figuraciones feministas móviles monstruosas, el proyecto tiene como objetivo animar un movimiento de risistencia a la risa moderna, ilustrada, colonial, humanista y patriarcal. In the last two decades, various female clowns have been developing a movement of visibility of this comic type, both in the circus and in the theater. Festivals, workshops and research have been contributing to write the doubly eccentric herstories of women in clowning. This honorable movement, however, still seems to follow the same archetypal logic of the modern clown, heir to the Enlightenment. This work values the female clown as a fundamental political body, with the potential to create plural laughters that can deconstruct the figure of the modern clown and the humanistic laugh embodied in its archetype. It recognizes the historical importance of female clowns, and invites a step forward in its artistic body politics, now from a feminist post-humanist and decolonial perspective, proposing artistic and theoretical coalitions in favor of a democracy of laughter. Through the creation of monstrous mobile feminist figurations, the project aims to encourage a movement of laughteresistance at modern, enlightened, colonial, humanistic, and patriarchal laughter.
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Tsukawaki, Ryota, and Tomoya Imura. "Relationship between Types of Forced Laughter and Mental Health: Mediating Effects of Social Support and Self-Concept Clarity." International Journal of Psychological Studies 12, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v12n1p1.
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We explored the relationship between four types of forced laughter (expression control, intimacy maintenance, action control, and affect manipulation) and mental health as well as the mediating effects of social support and self-concept clarity. The Forced Laughter Scale (FLS), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MPSS), and Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCC) were completed by 184 (63 male, 119 female) Japanese university students. The results of investigating the relationships between the four types of forced laughter and mental health demonstrated that expression control had a negative correlation with mental health, while intimacy maintenance had a positive correlation. Affect manipulation and action control did not demonstrate significant correlations. Mediation analysis revealed that the negative correlation between expression control and mental health can be explained by a low level of perceived social support and self-concept clarity. Conversely, it was revealed that the positive correlation between intimacy maintenance and mental health can be explained by a high level of perceived social support. This study found that forced laughter in daily life can have both positive and negative correlations with mental health depending on the situation in which one forces a laugh and their intention for doing so.
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Lampert, Martin D., and Susan M. Ervin-Tripp. "Risky laughter: Teasing and self-directed joking among male and female friends." Journal of Pragmatics 38, no. 1 (2006): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.06.004.
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Kar, Sujita Kumar, and Sushanta Kumar Sahoo. "Pathological Laughter in a Female with Multiple Episodes of Stroke and Subdural Hematoma." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 39, no. 4 (2017): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.211747.
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Kobzieva, Iuliia, Iia Gordiienko-Mytrofanova, Maryna Udovenko, and Serhii Sauta. "Concept “humour” in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine." European Journal of Humour Research 8, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.1.kobzieva.
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The purpose of this study was to define and to describe the semantic components of the stimulus word humour in the linguistic consciousness of young Russian-speaking people from Eastern Ukraine. The main method of the research was a psycholinguistic experiment. The sample comprised 400 young people (aged 20-31), males and females being equally represented. The experiment proved that the concept humour in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine is represented by four core semantic clusters: “laughter,” “joke,” “merry-making/joy” and “show.” Analysis of female and male associative fields shows that the semantic core of the word humour does not depend on the respondents’ gender identification. The results of frequency and cluster analysis have implied a number of the following conclusions. Firstly, humour and laughter form an inseparable unity of stimulus and reaction in the linguistic consciousness of respondents, although the psychological paradigm considers humour and laughter as two independent phenomena. Secondly, the cognitive component of humour was only reflected in the peripheral cluster “mind” of respondents’ associations. Thirdly, young Russian-speaking people from Ukraine do not have an ideal image of humour represented by a certain comedy show or relevant to any specific comedians. The generalised visualisation of humour is represented by reactions of the extreme periphery. Finally, comparative analysis of the verbalised concept humour in the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking population of Ukraine and people who live in Russia did not reveal any national-specific features in the perception of stimulus humour.
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Veeraraghavan, Vishnupriya, Krishnan Srinivasan, and JohnDinesh Alexander. "A rare co occurrence of Cervical Dystonia and Pathological Laughter in an elderly female." Journal of Geriatric Mental Health 7, no. 2 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_30_20.
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Santhanasamy, Punitha Josephine, and Jemmi Priya J. "EFFECTIVENESS OF LAUGHTER THERAPY ON BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 9 (2017): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19076.
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Objective: Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease prevailing globally. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of laughter therapy on blood pressure among patients with hypertension at a selected hospital, in Kancheepuram District.Methods: A quantitative approach of pre-experimental one group pre- and post-test design was chosen for this study. A total of 50 samples were included in the study using purposive sampling technique. Pre-test was done using the structured instrument, and laughter therapy was implemented following which post-test was done for all the study group participants. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis.Results: The distribution of demographic variables depicted that each 17 (34%) study participants were aged from 39-42 to 43-45 years, respectively. On the count of gender, male and female study participants were equal in numbers that is each 25 (50%). The distribution of level of blood pressure in pre- and post-test disclosed that all the 50 (100%) study group participants had Stage I systolic and diastolic hypertension in the pre- test whereas in post-test 45 (90%), had pre-hypertension systolic and diastolic, only 5 (10%) had Stage I systolic and diastolic hypertension. There was a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-test systolic and diastolic blood pressure within study group participants at level p<0.001.Conclusion: This study findings implied that laughter therapy was effective to sustain the blood pressure within the optimal level among patients with hypertension.
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Spólna, Anna. "Women and the Kingdom of Ambiguity: Black Comedy in "Solistki" ("Female Soloists")." Tekstualia 4, no. 39 (2014): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4490.
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The paper discusses the uses of black humour in women’s poetry after 1989, collected in the anthology Solistki (2009). The humour underlying these poems is subversive. A cruel joke may serve the purpose of individuation, provocation, or protection from suffering. Poetic narratives highlight the grotesque aspects of the world in order to uncover the stigmatising stereotypes of gender or the pressure of social norms grounded in lies. They become axiological gestures, stressing the independence of heroines. Tragicomic laughter is occasionally a form of casting a spell on reality, playing with the macabre – a protest against illness and death. A clownish mix of humour and terror consciously disrupts the logic of communication, showing the blurred limits of frank confession in postmodern poetry. Poetic works by the ‘female soloists’ are intertextual, autotelic, polystyle. They are characterised by an exaggerated creativity of imagery that refl ects a paradoxical, fl uid reality. Poetry by women moves from a poetic joke to a serious existential and philosophical statement.
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Martinelli, A., B. Kreifelts, D. Wildgruber, et al. "FV6. Intention attribution and neural processing of laughter in female and male adolescents with conduct disorder." Clinical Neurophysiology 129, no. 8 (2018): e51-e52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.620.
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Zavyalova, Olga Yu. "Tradition and Literature (Culture of Laughter of Mali and Guinea)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016046-7.
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This article continues the topic of the previous one [Zavyalova, Kutsenkov, 2020]. It reveals how great is the role of humor in the cultures of West Africa, where it manifests itself in various spheres of life of its peoples. The Kɔ̀tɛba Folk Theater in Mali and Guinea is another traditional aspect of humor based on satire. The secret society of Kɔ̀rɛduga “jesters” is characteristic of the traditional cultures of Manden. The Dogon have guardians of brussa, alamonyou, who play the role of clowns during the release of masks, and female jesters yayeré, who are wives of the inhabitants of a given village, originating from other villages. The Manden and Dogon humor permeates all spheres of the traditional way of life, and it plays one of fundamental roles in the manner of communication, in the theater and in oral literature. Thus, satire is aimed either at resolving possible conflicts in the absence of mutual understanding between representatives of various social, age and other groups, at resolving conflicts associated with violation of etiquette. All satirical folklore genres function on this basis. Fairy tales and anecdotes ridicule violations of the norms of etiquette inherent in this particular culture. The folk theater touches on topical, actual violations of traditional norms of behavior. In conclusion, the authors note that humor is one of the foundations of the “virtual” reality of the culture created by these societies. When such regulators are violated and their semantic content changes, the whole reality and even the very existence of these peoples will change.
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Chapell, Mark, Michael Batten, Jael Brown, et al. "Frequency of Public Laughter in Relation to Sex, Age, Ethnicity, and Social Context." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3 (2002): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.746.
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This study investigated the frequency of public laughter in a total of 10,419 children, adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. Females laughed significantly more than males, and younger people generally laughed more than older people.
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Akpah, Bartholomew Chizoba. "Satire, humour and parody in 21st Century Nigerian women’s poetry." European Journal of Humour Research 6, no. 4 (2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2018.6.4.akpah.
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21st century Nigerian women poets have continued to utilise the aesthetics of literary devices as linguistic and literary strategies to project feminist privations and values in their creative oeuvres. There has been marginal interest towards 21st century Nigerian women’s poetry and their deployment of artistic devices such as satire, humour and parody. Unequivocally, such linguistic and literary devices in imaginative works are deployed as centripetal force to criticise amidst laughter, the ills of female devaluation in the society. The major thrust of the study, therefore, is to examine how satire, humour and parody are deployed in selected Nigerian women’s poetry to reproach and etch the collective ethos of women’s experience in contemporary Nigerian society. The study utilises qualitative analytical approach in the close reading and textual analysis of the selected texts focusing mainly on the aesthetics of humour, satire and parody in challenging male chauvinism in contemporary Nigerian women’s poetry. Three long poems: “Nuptial Counsel”, “Sadiku’s Song” and “The Sweet, Sweet Mistress’ Tale” by Mabel Evweirhoma and Maria Ajima respectively were purposively selected. The choice of the selected poems hinges on the artistic vigour, especially the evoking of laughter, mockery and condemnation of hegemonic strictures through the use of satire, humour and parody. The paper employs Molara Ogundipe’s Stiwanism, an aspect of Feminist theory in the analysis of the selected poems. The poets have shown the interventions of humour, satire and parody as linguistic devices in condemning and highlighting peculiarities of women peonage in Nigeria.
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Sugawa-Shimada, Akiko. "Rebel with causes and laughter for relief: ‘essay manga’ of Tenten Hosokawa and Rieko Saibara, and Japanese female readership." Journal of Graphic Novels & Comics 2, no. 2 (2011): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2011.602700.
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Dubrovskaya, Polina D., and Kristina V. Manerova. "LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISMS OF HUMOR CREATING IN STAND UP (ON EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN AND GERMAN)." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2019): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_4_62_74.
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The relatively new comedy genre stand-up comedy is just beginning to attract the attention of researchers from different areas of linguistics. A comparative linguistic and cultural analysis of selected sketches of the Russian and German stand-up comedians is aimed to establish universal and dissimilar typological features of the genre in two linguistic cultures, identify the reception of national culture of laughter in the genre, manifested in the subject of sketches, as well as compare the use of mechanisms for creating and perceiving verbal humor (incongruity theories, hostility theories and release theories) on the material of 20 selected sketches by P. Volya and M. Mittermeier. It was discovered that certain topics that both comics involved to laugh at were similar (new trends in technical sphere, automobiles, holidays and rest) while others varied (social tension, feminism, male and female relations, financial instability).
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Siddique, Salma. "“Someone to Check Her a Bit”." Feminist Media Histories 3, no. 2 (2017): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2017.3.2.36.
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Identifying the earliest examples that document partition in Bombay cinema, this article delves into the relationship between a historic trauma and physical comedy through the star performance of Meena Shorey in a trilogy of romantic comedies, Ek Thi Larki (Once There Was a Girl, 1949), Dholak (Drumbeats, 1951), and Ek Do Teen (One Two Three, 1953). In these films, the female protagonist wrestles men, scales walls, drives tractors, and makes a spectacle of herself, demonstrating a complete disregard for received ideas of femininity. Informed by her multiple marriages, irreverent religious conversions, switches in national location, and a disavowal of the “partition serious,” Meena's image in these comedies served as visual innuendo for the abducted woman. Adapting the trope of a piteous partition figure to explore the possibility of feminine liberation, the Shorey comedies bring about a radical cinematic recovery through the laughter-inducing abandon of their star comedienne.
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Barr, Rebecca Anne. "Richardsonian Fiction, Women’s Raillery, and Heteropessimist Humour." Eighteenth-Century Fiction 33, no. 4 (2021): 531–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ecf.33.4.531.
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The fiction of Samuel Richardson is not fundamentally humourless. This article analyzes the rich vein of humour found in Pamela in her Exalted Condition (1745) and The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753–54) to show that Richardson was acutely aware of the interpersonal power of laughter and that he harnessed it for aesthetic and moral ends. Novelistic scenes of spontaneous conversation dramatize the various and often embodied effects of humorous performances. Using theories of gender and humour, I argue that Richardson critiques and modifies Restoration wit by using women’s raillery as the primary vehicle for novelistic humour. Richardsonian fiction thus feminizes the domineering tendencies of masculine wit and the adversarial harms of ridicule, replacing them with chaste female models of “satirical merriment.” Such pleasure does not equate to liberation or even subversion. Through Pamela and Charlotte Grandison, the novels generate a heteropessimist humour in which women’s dynamic wit ultimately promotes their marital subordination to flawed, disappointing men.
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Lestari, Sri Budi, Suhartono Wiryopranoto, and GR Lono Lastoro Simatupang. "Negotiation of Gender Relations Meaning among Female Interpretation Community in Housing and Village Settlement." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 6, no. 2 (2014): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v6i2.3270.
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The sitcom of Husbands fearing Wives (SSTI-Suami-Suami Takut Istri), is one of the private television sitcoms which highlights violence as a joke to provoke laughter of its audiences. In SSTI, the joke involves the concept of gender, exchanging the role of women and men which has been socially and culturally constructed. One of the main objectives of this study is to analyze the role of the interpretation community in understanding the gender relations in SSTI sitcom. The study aims to discover the media interpretation by a group of female audiences living in the village and sub-district of Tembalang, Semarang. The results show that the negotiation of interpretation community on SSTI sitcom is not in line with the goal of the media; because the nature of men and women roles that are exchanged is interpreted as an abnormal relation. Therefore, the hierarchical power relation between men and women which tends to disadvantage women, for interpretation community is regarded as a normal & natural.Tayangan sinetron komedi Suami-suami Takut Istri (SSTI), merupakan salah satu program televisi swasta yang menonjolkan kekerasan sebagai lelucon untuk tujuan memancing tawa. Dalam prakteknya SSTI melibatkan konsep jender, yang mempertukarkan sifat-sifat perempuan dan laki-laki sebagai hasil kontruksi secara sosial maupun kultural. Salah satu tujuan penelitian ini ingin menganalisis peran komunitas interpretasi dalam pemaknaan tentang relasi jender pada tayangan sinetron SSTI. Penelitian ini berlangsung pada penonton perempuan yang tinggal di perumahan dan perkampungan wilayah kecamatan Tembalang, kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negosiasi komunitas interpretasi pada tayangan sinetron SSTI tidak sejalan dengan arahan media karena ternyata sifat laki-laki dan perempuan yang dipertuarkan dimaknai sebagai relasi yang tidak normal. Dengan demikian relasi kuasa hirarkis antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang cenderung merugikan perempuan bagi komunitas interpretasi justru dianggap sebagai suatu relasi yang normal serta dipahami sebagai kodrat kultural.
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Horlacher, Stefan, and Franziska Röber. "“On peut mourir tranquil!” Functionalizing Alzheimer’s Disease from “Wellkåmm to Verona” (2006) to “La Finale” (2018)." Anglica Wratislaviensia 58 (November 13, 2020): 35–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.58.3.
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Popular representations of dementia seemingly create an overall narrative of loss; the loss of productivity, economic resources, social power, autonomy, and, most of all, memory and personhood. Though the preoccupation with dementia continues to proliferate in various media, visual representations of the disease have remained relatively scarce and conventional. For the most part such representations focus on female patients and are characterized by somber undertones. Based on a representative selection of contemporary European films, this article inquires whether there are other ways of presenting and dealing with dementia and asks how comedies which feature older men afflicted with Alzheimer’s manage to generate laughter, to what extent these films use mechanisms of denigration, exclusion and stereotyping in regard to the patients, the family, and the disease, and what kind of compromise they find between comic aspects and the dire physical, psychological and social realities of dementia. Further points of analysis are the possible infantilizing and stigmatizing of Alzheimer’s patients, the reinforcement of stereotypical notions of later life and ageing, and the ‘ideological’ subtexts the comedies propagate in relation to traditional family values and hierarchies.
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Wiley, Katherine Ann. "JOKING MARKET WOMEN: CRITIQUING AND NEGOTIATING GENDER AND SOCIAL HIERARCHY IN KANKOSSA, MAURITANIA." Africa 84, no. 1 (2014): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000673.
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ABSTRACTThe streets of Kankossa's busy daily market often ring with laughter as female vegetable vendors joke with each other and passersby. This joking comes at a time when gender roles are shifting in Mauritania since it has become challenging for many men to provide for their families, causing women to take on roles as significant income earners. Likewise, as slavery has diminished over the last century, Ḥarāṭīn, a group consisting of ex-slaves or descendants of slaves, have been negotiating their places in the polity. To gain insight into the shifting social order, this article analyses examples of joking by Ḥarāṭīn market women who in this way engage with issues of gender and the social hierarchy. The social space of the market is a critical setting for such practices since it both facilitates their occurrence and also gives women's words weight because they are spoken in the presence of an audience. While jokes are always ambiguous, women's joking in front of others in this space makes their jokes bite, thus enabling them to give voice to deeply personal anxieties and make sense of changes in the social order.
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Schmakeit, I. A. "Die Deianeira der Trachinierinnen und die Euripideische Medeia." Mnemosyne 54, no. 6 (2001): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685250152952130.
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AbstractThe plots of Sophocles' Women of Trachis and Euripides' Medea show some striking similarities, which so far have only been investigated concerning the priority of one of the plays. After tracing back the mythological tradition of both stories, this article focuses on the characterization of the two central female figures in both plays, Deianira and Medea, who in spite of facing similar situations and choosing similar means (poisoned gifts) show different intentions. Both figures describe the problematic social position of women at a point where their own status as a married wife is in danger. They are conscious of the surrounding society, but whereas Medea, like many male dramatic figures, is eager to avoid the laughter of her enemies, Deianira regards the rules of a "shame culture" in a different way, assuming that good and bad attitudes only exist when others see them. Her intention is to re-establish her old position, but she fails and then has to kill herself to regain her honor. Medea on the contrary wants revenge, kills all her victims intentionally, and brings her plans to a successful end. Some thoughts about the author's intentions lying behind these characterizations end the discussion.
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Di Blasio, Sonja, Louena Shtrepi, Giuseppina Puglisi, and Arianna Astolfi. "A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Impact of Irrelevant Speech Noise on Annoyance, Mental Health and Well-being, Performance and Occupants’ Behavior in Shared and Open-Plan Offices." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (2019): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020280.
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This cross-sectional survey has compared subjective outcomes obtained from workers in shared (2–5 occupants) and open-plan (+5 occupants) offices, related to irrelevant speech, which is the noise that is generated from conversations between colleagues, telephone calls and laughter. Answers from 1078 subjects (55% in shared offices and 45% in open-plan offices) have shown that irrelevant speech increases noise annoyance, decreases work performance, and increases symptoms related to mental health and well-being more in open-plan than in shared offices. Workers often use headphones with music to contrast irrelevant speech in open-plan offices, while they take a break, change their working space, close the door or work from home in shared offices. Being female, when there are more than 20 occupants, and working in southern cities without acoustic treatments in the office, make it more likely for the occupants to be annoyed by irrelevant speech noise in open-plan offices. While, working in southern cities and with acoustic treatments in the office makes it more likely that noise annoyance will be reported in shared offices. Finally, more than 70% of the interviewed in open-plan offices were willing to reduce their voice volumes when advised by a noise monitoring system with a lighting feedback.
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Brizzee, Leila, Ashley Stone, and Melissa C. Palmer. "False lithium toxicity secondary to lithium heparin test tube: A case report and review." Mental Health Clinician 10, no. 3 (2020): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2020.05.090.
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Abstract This case demonstrates a false elevation of serum lithium concentrations that can occur when blood samples are collected using lithium heparin (green-top) tubes. The patient was a 58-year-old female on chronic lithium therapy for bipolar disorder who presented to the emergency department following an overdose of 5 unidentified medications. The patient was overly sedated and exhibited paradoxical laughter, slurred speech, and mild abdominal pain. The recommended maintenance lithium concentration is 0.6 to 1.0 mmol/L, and she had previously been stable within this therapeutic range. The initial lithium concentration drawn upon admission was 2.05 mmol/L. No intervening treatment was made with the exception of intravenous fluids due to a lack of correlation between clinical presentation and the lithium concentration. Six hours later, a repeat lithium concentration of &lt;0.10 mmol/L was obtained. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the initial blood sample was obtained in a lithium heparin green-top tube instead of the recommended plastic tubes with either sodium heparin or dipotassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as the anticoagulant. As this case demonstrates, lithium heparin tubes have the potential to cause falsely elevated lithium concentrations. It is important for health care professionals to be aware of the false elevations that can occur when blood samples are taken in this type of tube.
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Ziegler, Marvin, Bianca E. Russell, Kathrin Eberhardt, et al. "Blended Phenotype of Silver-Russell Syndrome and SPG50 Caused by Maternal Isodisomy of Chromosome 7." Neurology Genetics 7, no. 1 (2020): e544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxg.0000000000000544.
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ObjectiveUniparental isodisomy can lead to blended phenotypes of imprinting disorders and autosomal recessive diseases. To determine whether a complex neurodevelopmental disorder was caused by uniparental isodisomy, a detailed clinical and molecular characterization was performed.MethodsA combination of clinical, molecular, and imaging data and functional studies in patient-derived fibroblasts.ResultsWe report a 4-year-old female with a blended, complex phenotype of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 50 (SPG50) caused by total maternal isodisomy of chromosome 7 (UPiD(7)mat) and a loss-of-function variant in AP4M1 (NM_00472.3: c.59-1G>C, IVS1-1G>C). Functional studies in patient-derived fibroblasts confirmed the loss of adaptor protein complex 4 function. Distinctive facial features, intrauterine growth restriction, short stature, feeding difficulties, and severe gastroesophageal reflux were consistent with SRS. Features associated with SPG50 included early-onset epilepsy, episodes of stereotypical laughter, and thinning of the corpus callosum and ventriculomegaly on brain MRI. Symptoms shared by both syndromes such as developmental delay, short stature, and axial and appendicular hypotonia were also present. Notably, other common manifestations of SPG50 such as microcephaly or spasticity had not developed yet.ConclusionsThis case highlights that atypical clinical features in patients with well-described imprinting disorders should lead to investigations for recessive conditions caused by variants in genes that localize to the region of homozygosity.
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McGrath, Joanna. "A Study of Emotionalism in Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation following Severe Acquired Brain Injury." Behavioural Neurology 12, no. 4 (2000): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/612185.
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The present study describes the phenomenon of emotionalism in a sample of brain injured patients of mixed aetiology, with a view to identifying issues relevant to clinical management, and possible causal factors. 82 subjects with severe acquired brain injury undergoing rehabilitation participated in a structured interview in which they were asked to report the presence/absence of emotionalism and degree of distress associated with it. Their overt crying behaviour was also observed and recorded. Independent variables that predicted crying during the interview were identified using a multiple logistic regression procedure. Prevalence rates of emotionalism-tearfulness were high in this sample (52% self-report, 36–41% Emotionalism-laughter was much less common (13%) Emotionalism-tearfulness was usually accompanied by negative affect, occurred in response to identifiable precipitants, and was often controllable. It was associated with major personal distress in about half the subjects who reported it. Independent variables which predicted crying behaviour were female gender and focal damage to the right cerebral hemisphere. It is concluded that an increased readiness to cry is common in people with severe acquired brain injury of mixed aetiology. The behaviour is meaningful, though not always distressing. The intensity of the behaviour is variable, and it may be most appropriate to regard emotionalism as a dimension rather than a syndrome. Implications for clinical management are discussed.
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Jamil, Adil M. "The Binary Road of George Farquhar in The Beaux’ Stratagem." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 7 (2021): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1107.14.
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The Beaux’ Stratagem is a phenomenal play in all measures. Since its first performance on stage in 1707, it has proved that its magnetic appeal to audiences of different periods has never lost its charm. It ever continues providing gusts of laughter and a profound debate of everlasting sensitive issues on stage. This study endeavors to unravel the factors behind its magnetic appeal, at the same to shed light upon the comic devices standing behind its unprecedented success. The Beaux’ Stratagem was written at a time when the early attraction of wit, risqué language, rakish behavior of gallants, and exposure of female frailties have been worn out and lost their magnitude. At the dawn of the 18th Century, the theater-goers were fed up with the Comedy of Manners, Farce, and Intrigues. and looking for something different. More possibly, Farquhar made out that the audience wanted to feel rather than to think; thus he curbed a natural bent toward wit and tried to engage a more sentimental side in his plays. However, the Beaux’ Stratagem did not completely split with the traditions common during the declining period; it blended them with the new overriding vogues of sentimental and exemplary comedy. As a result, Farquhar’s play came out as an amazing hybrid, coupling the two norms into one design, and producing a dramatic admixture that sounds more typical and better than the ones encountered in the plays of his predecessors and contemporaries.
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Alegre, Luisa, Margarida Moura, and Maria João Alves. "The “Spontaneous 40” of Lisbon: A Dance Experience for Mature Participants." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2012.1.
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The present work in the form of a case study aims to identify the contribution of the dance performance “Spontaneous 40” through the personal perception of two ordinary male and five ordinary female citizens, part of a total group of 40, all over 40 years old, who, voluntarily and without any previous experience, participated in the laboratory of Madrid choreographer “La Ribot” at the “Teatro Camões” in Lisbon within the cycle of performance art called “Like You and Me.” This cycle was programmed by the art director of the theater, Mark Deputter, contradicting the idea that art has little to do with people's daily lives, and advocating the replacement of trained and disciplined bodies of classical ballet dancers on stage with the differentiated bodies of ordinary people: some small, big, fat, thin, young, or old. The Spontaneous 40 is a creative and interdisciplinary work in an artistic, cultural, and educational forum that explores the body, laughter, sounds, objects as background music, and poetic visual richness. Following a qualitative methodology, an open questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were subjected to content analysis to phenomenological grounds. The data were then subjected to a content analysis. The results of this study revealed that the unanimated adult becomes alive through dance, reconciling him- or herself with his body, with him- or herself and with others, and exploring his or her creative background and allowing him or her to build self-images of life with more energy, elegance, and creativity, away from the stereotype of aging in our present Portuguese society.
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Singh, Amrendra K., and Gyanendra Raghuvanshi. "Post stroke psychiatric syndrome: a clinical study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 5 (2020): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201943.
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Background: Various psychiatric symptoms are seen after strokes which are usually deserted due to poor familiarity about it, hence better knowledge and understanding of various post stroke psychiatric manifestations may help in early identification and management of it. The aim of present research is to study the demographic and clinical profile of various post stroke psychiatric manifestations.Methods: The study was conducted on ninety patients developing psychiatric symptoms after stroke. Detailed socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile along with psychiatric assessment were recorded in proforma specially designed for the study.Results: Bulk of this post- stroke psychiatric subjects (45%) was in the age range of 61-80 years of which male and female were 29% and 16% respectively. Most of patients (90%) were residing at rural areas. 47.8 % patients were belonging to lower middle socio-economic status. Majority of subjects (42.8%) were unemployed followed by farmer and skilled worker (20% each), and most of the patients were right handed (97.8%). On clinical parameters maximum subjects (52.2) developed post stroke major depression followed by depression mixed with anxiety (16.6%). Rest of patients suffered from organic anxiety disorder (8.8%), vascular dementia (10%), amnestic syndrome (5.5%), post stroke psychosis (3.3%), organic manic disorder (2.2%), pathological laughter and crying (1.1%).Conclusions: Huge number of patients (52.9%) developed psychiatric problems of diverse nature among patients with stroke syndrome. depression was most common post stroke psychiatric manifestation, followed by mixed anxiety with depression. Generally the post stroke psychiatric manifestations are unrecognized and untreated, which has adverse impact on process of stroke rehabilitation. Thus a detailed psychiatric evaluation is mandatory in all patients of stroke syndrome to rule out psychiatric illness.
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Collingwood, Sharon. "Sagesse and Misogyny in the fabliau La dame escoillee." Florilegium 18, no. 1 (2001): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.18.005.
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The fabliau La dame escoillee is often cited as a disturbing example of the medieval attitude toward women. Although violence is often presented as comic in the genre as a whole, the physical abuse suffered by women in this poem is so brutal that most scholars find it offensive, and feminist scholars in particular find it distressing that it was a relatively popular tale, preserved in six manuscripts.' Norris Lacy has, somewhat apologetically, praised this fabliau for its narrative complexity and skilled construction, and has called for a reading of the poem that takes into account factors other than the narrator's misogyny. He adds that this fabliau is addressed to an all-male audience, which may explain its strongly negative portrait of women as grasping and controlling, a portrait that conforms to the medieval stereotype. Male characters, Lacy reminds us, are often held up to derisive laughter for their individual faults, not for traits that merely confirm their gender. Lacy also notes that although the six versions of this fabliau are similar in content, there is a marked difference in narrative tone. Nottingham MS 19152, used as the basis for both Willem Noomen's critical edition and the previous Montaiglon-Raynaud edition, contains a long prologue, essentially a diatribe against women, while authorial intrusions throughout this version continue in this misogynist tone; the other versions of the fabliau pay much less attention to the female characters. Lacy refuses to tackle the complex question of whether MS 19152, the longest and most complete of the six manuscripts, preserves the original version, but he does favour the idea that the prologue may be a later addition (p. 110).
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Smyth, Matthew D., R. Shane Tubbs, E. Martina Bebin, Paul A. Grabb, and Jeffrey P. Blount. "Complications of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy in children." Journal of Neurosurgery 99, no. 3 (2003): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.99.3.0500.
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Object. The aim of this study was to define better the incidence of surgical complications and untoward side effects of chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in a population of children with medically refractory epilepsy. Methods. The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 74 consecutive patients (41 male and 33 female) 18 years of age or younger (mean age 8.8 years, range 11 months–18 years) who had undergone implantation of a vagal stimulator between 1998 and 2001 with a minimum follow up of 1 year (mean 2.2 years). Of the 74 patients treated, seven (9.4%) had a complication ultimately resulting in removal of the stimulator. The rate of deep infections necessitating device removal was 3.5% (three of 74 patients who had undergone 85 implantation and/or revision procedures). An additional three superficial infections occurred in patients in whom the stimulators were not removed: one was treated with superficial operative debridement and antibiotic agents and the other two with oral antibiotics only. Another four stimulators (5.4%) were removed because of the absence of clinical benefit and device intolerance. Two devices were revised because of lead fracture (2.7%). Among the cohort, 11 battery changes have been performed thus far, although none less than 33 months after initial implantation. Several patients experienced stimulation-induced symptoms (hoarseness, cough, drooling, outbursts of laughter, shoulder abduction, dysphagia, or urinary retention) that did not require device removal. Ipsilateral vocal cord paralysis was identified in one patient. One patient died of aspiration pneumonia more than 30 days after device implantation. Conclusions. Vagus nerve stimulation remains a viable option for improving seizure control in difficult to treat pediatric patients with epilepsy. Surgical complications such as hardware failure (2.7%) or deep infection (3.5%) occurred, resulting in device removal or revision. Occasional stimulation-induced symptoms such as hoarseness, dysphagia, or torticollis may be expected (5.4%).
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Capellato Melo, Caroline, Marco Antonio Coelho Bortoleto, and Teresa Ontañón Barragán. "Risas, brincos y volteretas: la enseñanza del circo en la escuela como actividad extracurricular (Laughter, jumps and pirouettes: Teaching circus at school as an extracurricular activity)." Retos 41 (March 11, 2021): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86337.
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 Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender como transcurre la enseñanza del circo en el contexto educativo como actividad extracurricular, por medio de una investigación de experiencias escolares. Metodológicamente, la investigación se caracteriza como un estudio de casos múltiples, de naturaleza cualitativa, que contó con la observación de clases en dos escuelas privadas con registro en un diario de campo; entrevista a cinco sujetos, profesores y coordinadores/directores de las dos escuelas; análisis documental de las planificaciones educativas. Los resultados muestran como la enseñanza del circo en el contexto extracurricular es un campo en pleno desarrollo, se presenta como una práctica con alta participación entre los alumnos, entretanto, centrada en algunas modalidades circenses, aéreos y manipulaciones, debido a una formación no sistemática de los profesores responsables. La enseñanza es realizada con docentes de ambos dos sexos y se mostró como una práctica lúdica, principalmente en los años iniciales, incluyendo presentaciones artísticas en ambas escuelas reconociendo la dimensión expresiva de dicha práctica. En ambos casos, pudimos apreciar que el circo presenta un relevante potencial educativo como posibilidad en la enseñanza extracurricular, no obstante, pensamos que todavía es necesario prestar atención a la demanda de formación específica de profesores y en la búsqueda de metodologías de enseñanza adecuadas a cada situación educativa.
 Abstract: This study aims to understand how circus teaching happens in the educational context as an extracurricular activity, through the investigation of schools experiences. Methodologically, the research is characterized as a multiple case study, qualitative in nature that included the observation of classes in two private schools with a record in a field diary; interview with five subjects, teachers and coordinators/ directors of the two schools; documentary analysis of educational planning. The results show how circus teaching in the extracurricular context is a field in full development. It is present as a practice with high participation among the students, meanwhile, focused on some circus modalities, aerial and manipulation, due to a non-systematic qualification of the responsible teachers. Teaching is carried out with male and female teachers and was shown as a playful practice, mainly in the initial years, including artistic presentations in both schools, recognizing the expressive dimension of said practice. We note in both cases that the circus has a high educational potential as a possibility in extracurricular teaching, even so, we think that it is still necessary to pay attention to the demand for specific teacher training and in the search for teaching methodologies appropriate to each educational situation.
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Vincent-Durroux, Laurence, Kerry Mullan, Caroline David, Christine Béal, and Cécile Poussard. "Mastering second language humour: the ultimate challenge." European Journal of Humour Research 8, no. 4 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.4.vincent-durroux2.
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This small-scale study on verbal humour takes place within a larger project entitled “From perception to oral production”, which aims to identify the links between comprehension and production processes and the sources of difficulty for French learners of English. The data consist of three comparable corpora of filmed semi-structured interviews with first (L1) and second (L2) language students: French-French L1; English-English L1; and English L1 with L2. The interviews revolve around the same extract of an American romantic comedy, which the students were asked to describe and comment upon. Instances of spontaneous humour were found to occur in all corpora and were analysed using the cross-cultural comparative model previously used for French-English comparative studies of verbal humour (Béal & Mullan 2013; 2017a; Mullan & Béal 2018a).The humour used by the native speakers of French (N=7) and English (N=7) served as the initial basis for comparison with the L2 English speakers (N=34). It was found that the humour and laughter in the L1 interviews were employed by both parties to achieve certain pragmatic functions related to this particular institutional setting: the participants used humour primarily to create a connection with the interviewer (often through implicit references, and especially where both participants were female). The French students speaking English as L2 tended to use self-oriented humour as a face-saving device to deflect from their production or comprehension difficulties.The use of humour by all L1 and L2 participants nevertheless reflected specific cultural tendencies outlined in Béal & Mullan (2013; 2017a) and Mullan & Béal (2018a), such as the prevalence of third-party oriented humour in French interactions and of self-deprecating humour in English. In sum, and perhaps unsurprisingly, we show that the French learners of English have mastered some aspects of humour in their L2, but still exhibit most of the characteristics of verbal humour from their native French.
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Borrelli, Mimi, vikram sinha, and Sophie Scott. "Laughter down-regulates negative emotional arousal amongst friends." F1000Research 10 (April 27, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52112.1.
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Laughter is contagious, sensitive to social context, and can be used to mitigate negative emotional states. This experiment tested whether moments of transition from negative to positive affect were associated with more laughter if in familiar compared to unfamiliar company. 90 participants (47 females, mean age 20.61 years), either familiar (N=42) or unfamiliar (N=48) to the principle researcher, were randomly assigned to listen to 44 seconds of music which induced a fearful affect, positive affect or a neutral mood, followed by 30 seconds of infectious laughter (N=30/group). Filmed facial expressions were coded for four dependent variables (duration: half smile; full smile; laugh, and extent: peak mirth) of amusement in response to the laughter. Familiar participants fully smiled for longer than unfamiliar participants (F(1,84)=4.15, p=.045). There was an affect-familiarity interaction for peak mirth (F(2,84)=4.68, p=.01), time spent half smiling F(2,84)=5.00, p=.009), and fully smiling (F(2,84)=3.48, p=.035). Post hoc analyses revealed familiar participants exhibited greater peak mirth and smiled (half and full) for longer than unfamiliar participants in the fearful affect condition. Laughter and positive emotions may be used to moderate negative arousal more amongst people known to each other than amongst strangers.
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Kotani, Kazuhiko. "Socio-Psychological Activities Associated with Laughter in Older Japanese Females." Archives of Medical Research 37, no. 1 (2006): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.05.006.
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Svebak, Sven. "Consequences of laughter upon trunk compression and cortical activation: Linear and polynomial relations." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (2016): 456–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1102.
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Results from two studies of biological consequences of laughter are reported. A proposed inhibitory brain mechanism was tested in Study 1. It aims to protect against trunk compression that can cause health hazards during vigorous laughter. Compression may be maximal during moderate durations and, for protective reasons, moderate in enduring vigorous laughs. Twenty-five university students volunteered to see a candid camera film. Laughter responses (LR) and the superimposed ha-responses were operationally assessed by mercury-filled strain gauges strapped around the trunk. On average, the thorax compression amplitudes exceeded those of the abdomen, and greater amplitudes were seen in the males than in the females after correction for resting trunk circumference. Regression analyses supported polynomial relations because medium LR durations were associated with particularly high thorax amplitudes. In Study 2, power changes were computed in the beta and alpha EEG frequency bands of the parietal cortex from before to after exposure to the comedy “Dinner for one” in 56 university students. Highly significant linear relations were calculated between the number of laughs and post-exposure cortical activation (increase of beta, decrease of alpha) due to high activation after frequent laughter. The results from Study 1 supported the hypothesis of a protective brain mechanism that is activated during long LRs to reduce the risk of harm to vital organs in the trunk cavity. The results in Study 2 supported a linear cortical activation and, thus, provided evidence for a biological correlate to the subjective experience of mental refreshment after laughter.
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Goodman, Lizbeth. "David Richman Laughter, Pain, and Wonder: Shakespeare's Comedies and the Audience in the TheatreAssociated University Presses, 1990. - June Schlueter, ed. Modern American Drama: the Female CanonAssociated University Presses, 1990. - Sue-Ellen Case, ed. Performing Feminisms: Feminist Critical Theory and the TheatreJohn Hopkins University Press, 1990." New Theatre Quarterly 7, no. 28 (1991): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00006230.
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Prerost, Frank J. "Humor Preferences among Angered Males and Females: Associations with Humor Content and Sexual Desire." Psychological Reports 77, no. 1 (1995): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.227.
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Previous research has indicated a connection between the appreciation of different content types of humor and the effectiveness of laughter to reduce a hostile mood. Although a person's state of arousal can influence the preferences shown for a particular type of humor, little research has examined how sexual desire may contribute to preferences for humor. Anger was experimentally induced in 180 men and 180 women who had noted sexual desire before exposure to humor with sexual, sexist, and neutral content. Assessment of appreciation scores showed that angered men and women preferred sexual and sexist humor when they reported high sexual desire. Mood assessment indicated this appreciation related to the removal of anger and the reporting of a happy state with low ratings of sexual desire. Participants preferred neutral humor and showed least appreciation of sexist humor. Also, they did not enjoy a reduction in their hostile mood following exposure to humor.
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Hossain, Md Amir. "Social Picture and Livelihood of the Boatmen in Manik Bandopadhyay’s Padma Nadir Majhi : An Ecocritical Study." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 6 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i6.3287.
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According to litterateurs, literature is the reflection of social picture and human life. In this sense, it can be expressed that Ecology, Society, and Life are deeply interconnected each other. With the passage of time, ecological and social life is dealt with literature through which happiness and sorrow, - laughter, sob, and complexity of human life get entangled in a single thread. In the justice of literature, the balance of woe is much more than that of weal in human life. Manik Bandopadhyay was a radical minded litterateur of his times. His treatment of human life and humanity for the poor of the poorest is purely and acutely presented in his literary genres. The core philosophy of human life makes the novelist a universal thinker and legendary figure for all ages. He has observed human life and literature as an essential part of environment. Keeping touch in contact with environment, each and every male and female character of the novelist has enabled to accept the reality of life. Manik’s globally well-reputed novel, Padma Nadir Majhi, is the glaring example of reality of human life. In the context of ecology, this novel is the embodiment of pessimistic attitudes of the middle class society and the subaltern of 20th-century riverine country, like Bangladesh. Kuber, Kopila, and Hossen Miah are the central characters of the whole realistic novel, who are the symbol of reality of life. Thus the writer has apparently presented the pitiable and miserable condition of the boatmen who live very near by the bank of the Mighty Padma. All boatmen have to rely upon the mercy of the Padma; sometimes the mighty river grasps and devours the lives of the poor communities when the tidal waves blow during the rainy season. The 20th-century novelist has unveiled the neglected, helpless, and, above all, the deprived communities of basic human demands as reflected in the novel, Padma Nadir Majhi. In the novel, Manik wants to emphasize upon the fact that nobody comes to write their history. ‘They have to sweat on the dust of the way all the day and night.’—The writer has drawn a grim image of weal and woe, - sniffles and sobs- and sorrow and happiness of the middle class downtrodden people of the age. In fact, he has focused upon the livelihood of boatmen as well as fishermen with his own sympathy and affection with a view to signifying his contemporary social system as well as life-structure of the poor. For life and livelihood, all boatmen have to endure all sorts of complexities of life through living in the darkness of ecology. They hardly hope to see the radiant future of life, because they are victim of environment and circumstance. As a social reformer and an observer of human life, Manik has enabled to find out the environmental perfect image of the boatmen to 21st-century audiences. For this purpose, this study would like to examine social picture, environmental crisis, and complexities of human life in the light of literary judgment. It aims to look at the origin of ecocriticism, the theoretical framework of ecocriticism made by very recent critics and scholars. There is a bond between environment and literature as briefly discussed in this study. It attempts to look at Manik as a social and environmental novelist. Finally, it would like to shed a new light upon 20th-century social picture and livelihood of boatmen and fishermen of the Mighty Padma.
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Гордієнко-Митрофанова, Ія, Юлія Кобзєва, and Юлія Бондар. "'Crisis' as a Relevant Lexeme in the Linguistic Consciousness of Ukrainian People." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, no. 1 (2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.1.gor.
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The article presents the results of the psycholinguistic experiment whose aim was to reveal universal and specific features of the verbal behaviour of respondents when studying the stimulus word “crisis” as a relevant lexeme in the linguistic consciousness of Ukrainian people, as well as to single out various sememes that were actualised in the course of the experiment. The total sample comprised 297 respondents: 170 females and 127 males of different ages (“juvenility” – 17–21, “youth” – 22–35, “maturity” – 36–60, “old age” – 61 and above). The universal features of verbal behaviour displayed both by males and females are reflected in such lexemes as “money”, “age”, “economy”, “country”, “problem”, “poverty”, “unemployment”, “war”, “depression”, “misery”. The respondents of all age groups, both males and females, show negative evaluative and emotional attitude to the stimulus word in question. The specific features of the verbal behaviour of the respondents are reflected in the following lexemes: “bankrupt”, “panic”, “ruin”, “deadlock”, “chaos”, “Ukraine”. Among other things, both males and females associate crisis with the state of mental tension, anxiety, and fear, which manifests itself in such reactions as “depression”, “panic”, “negative”, “deadlock”, “bad”, etc. Individual features of verbal behaviour are reflected in the following negative emotional reactions: “pain”, “mess”, “mayhem”, “panic”, “fear”, “alarm”, “mix-up”, etc., with an obvious prevalence of female reactions. Associative reactions to the stimulus word "crisis" yield the following sememes: “lack of money”, “unemployment”, “problem”, “age”, “depression”, “opportunity”.
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Zyatkova, E. O., I. Y. Stoyanova, and K. G. Yazykov. "Stress Management and Resilience as a Psychological Resource in Case of Gelotophobia in the Context of Students’ Psychological Health." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 80 (2021): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/80/8.
Full textAbstract:
In the article the manifestation of gelotophobia (fear of being laughed at) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd-year students aged 17–22 years is described. The aim of the present study was to in-vestigate the manifestation of the fear of being laughed at and its influence on the components of students’ psychological health as a factor of predisposition to mental health disorders. According to this aim, three tasks were set. The first task was to identify the differences in gelotophobia depending on the duration of education and gender. The second task was to establish a link between personality traits and the level of gelotophobia. The third task was to observe the relationship between components of psychological health (resilience, stress management) and the level of gelotophobia. To identify the level of fear of being laughed at in a sample of students, we set the scales of the "GELOPH-15" questionnaire and specified them as low, moderate and high gelotophobia scores. Then, using the frequency analysis of students’ answers to this questionnaire, we found out that most responses indicated a moderate level of gelotophobia (71%), only 16% of answers indicate a low level, and 10% of answers present a high level of fear of being laughed at. Also 3% of students did not answer this ques-tionnaire. The results of this study demonstrated that gelotophobia is more typical for female than for male students. The data also showed that the manifestation of gelotophobia didn’t correlate to the duration of education. A comparative analysis using the Student's t-test in the female and male subgroups identified that young women in socially significant cases could hardly tolerate negative situations. Young men, on the other hand, were able to cope with stressful situations if they had internal balance. Using the Spearman rank test, a correlation analysis was performed between the scales of the characterological questionnaire and the level of gelotophobia. A relationship with the total score of gelotophobia, as well as with the average and low score of gelotophobia was found. No correlation with a high score of gelotophobia was found. The analysis of the results obtained showed that resilience and its components (involvement, control and risk acceptance) helps to reduce stress and the influ-ence of negative factors that cause fear in socially significant situations. The results corre-spond to the above stated aims and tasks. Further work in this direction will make it possible to develop a program of psychological support for students.
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Magiba-Caro, Ruzanne. "EDILBERTO M. JOSE, MD (1946 - 2019) Otorhinolaryngologist, Head & Neck Surgeon, Mentor, Friend." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 35, no. 1 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v35i1.1269.
Full textAbstract:
Dr. Ed Jose is (and will always be) my best friend --- my mentor, guidance counselor and the “kuya” that I never had. I would like to share with you his two constant reminders to me which will make us know, understand and appreciate him more
 Very few people can handle power.
 He was a prime example of “not seeking any position but rather the position seeking him.” He was Chairman of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital (UPPGH) and at the same time President of the Philippine Society of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery. He also became Chairman of the Philippine Board of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. At one point, he was also Assistant Director for Health Operations of UP-PGH. Committed to his positions, Dr. Jose remained humble and unassuming. He may appear “suplado” but he was always willing to help in whatever way possible. He was quite flexible believing that “rules can be bent” if it was the right thing to do at the time. One of his favorite songs was “Both Sides Now” and indeed, he was always fair when very important decisions were made.
 Simplify…Simplify…Simplify…
 This explains why his dedication was unwavering. Dr. Ed focused on three important aspects of his life: family, clinical practice and ORL training.
 Married to a pathologist (Dr. Rebecca Tongco-Jose) who passed away three years ago, his primary concern up to the end were his sons Noel and Ian. His world revolved around his family.
 The University of the Philippines (UP) was his way of life where he obtained his secondary, college and medical education. He took his residency at UP-PGH and served as chief resident on his senior year. Upon his return from Fellowship in Head and Neck Surgery at the Royal Nose, Throat and Ear Hospital in England, he started teaching and training residents at UP-PGH … and never stopped even after retirement. Fortunately for all the residents and even young consultants in UP-PGH, his clinic was just across Taft Avenue — so he was forever ON CALL especially during difficult and complicated surgeries. Papa Ed’s presence in the OR was a “confidence booster” for all of us. A true head and neck surgeon who did sharp dissection with bravado, the “thyroid and parotid expert,” the “surgeon’s surgeon” — Daddy Joe was very decisive and pragmatic in the management of cases. He had numerous patients and surgeries, always ready with an alternate case, and was also known as the “extension king” of UP-PGH. He was a silent worker but a very witty colleague. He was abreast of all the developments in the field of ORL. In fact, it was during his term as PSO-HNS President that the First PSO-HNS Clinical Practice Guidelines were developed and disseminated. Proof of his dedication to ORL training was his serving as director of the PBO-HNS until his demise. He made it a point to attend all the meetings, workshops, accreditation visits and other related activities (actually missing out on some social obligations). He was also ON CALL when other directors were not available.
 Dr. Jose was very religious, a practicing Roman Catholic and a devotee of Our Lady of Manaoag. He never failed to pray before seeing a patient and commencing surgery.
 He may seem grumpy but having known him for 35 years, he can be very playful with a very good sense of humor. Recognized as the FPJ of ORL, he would occasionally boast of his female admirers. He declared to our family that our grandson was his “adopted apo” and he had a “pasalubong only for Teo” every time he went on an accreditation visit. He was a voracious reader and a lover of history. Dr. Ed Jose was a simple man. His only luxury was collecting cars and watches.
 The last time I saw DJ (that is how our family calls him) prior to his hospitalization was significant because my mentor came to my clinic in Quezon City to consult me regarding his ear problem. True to form, I ended up consulting him for my nasal complaint.
 It will not only be I who will miss Dr. Ed Jose and his signature laughter…the entire ORL community will miss their Papa Ed/Daddy Joe. He will forever remain as an inspiration and role model for any Otorhinolaryngologist - Head and Neck Surgeon.
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Blum, Edward. "“Paul Has Been Forgotten”: Women, Gender, and Revivalism during the Gilded Age." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3, no. 3 (2004): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778140000342x.
Full textAbstract:
During gigantic urban revivals in 1875 and 1876, the Chicago-shoe-salesman-turned-religious-evangelist Dwight Lyman Moody set the northern United States ablaze with the fires of a great religious awakening. Over two million Americans of all Protestant affiliations attended his meetings in Brooklyn, Philadelphia, New York City, and Chicago. Although his popularity had been unrivalled, Moody worried about his campaign that would begin in Boston in 1877. To carry the day, he knew that he would need the help of “the New England women.” “What a power they would be,” Moody claimed. For this reason, he sought out Frances E. Willard, an up-and-coming female leader and temperance advocate. When the two met, the evangelist asked, “Will you go with me to Boston and help in the women's meetings?” After considering the invitation for several days, Willard agreed to join him. She did more than merely minister to women, however. On one occasion, as she recounted later, “Mr. Moody…placed my name upon his program” to “literally preach” to men and women. Willard wondered aloud if the sight of a woman preaching would shock the audience: “Brother Moody…, perhaps you will hinder the work among these conservatives.” Responding, Moody “laughed in his cheery way, and declared that ‘it was just what they needed.’”