Relevant bibliographies by topics / Female objectification

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Female objectification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Female objectification"

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Grabe, Shelly, Clay Routledge, Alison Cook, Christie Andersen, and Jamie Arndt. "In Defense of the Body: The Effect of Mortality Salience on Female Body Objectification." Psychology of Women Quarterly 29, no. 1 (March 2005): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00165.x.

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Previous research has illustrated the negative psychological consequences of female body objectification. The present study explores how female body objectification may serve as a defense against unconscious existential fears. Drawing from terror management theory, an experiment was designed to test the potential functionality of female body objectification. Men and women were primed to think about either their own mortality or an aversive control topic, and levels of body objectification were then assessed for both self- and other (women)-objectification. Findings supported the hypothesis that priming mortality would increase both self- and other-objectification among women, and self-objectification among those who derive self-esteem from their body. Implications for this research are discussed.
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Prichard, Ivanka, and Marika Tiggemann. "Predictors of Self-Objectification in New Female Fitness Center Members." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 21, no. 1 (April 2012): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.21.1.24.

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This study aimed to identify predictors of self-objectification among exercising women. A brief questionnaire incorporating demographic questions and measures of self-objectification was completed by 133 new female fitness center members (aged 16 to 68 years) upon joining a fitness center and 12 months later. Results demonstrated that young women who remained fitness center members had greater self-objectification at 12 months than women who ceased their memberships. Furthermore, both initial age and reasons for exercise predicted subsequent increases in self-objectification. Specifically, being younger, as well as being more motivated by appearance-related reasons to exercise, predicted self-objectification at 12 months. These findings suggest that young women exercising within the fitness center environment may be at an increased risk of developing self-objectification, one of the predictors of negative body image and disordered eating.
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Jonnson, Melissa R., Jennifer I. Langille, and Zach Walsh. "The Role of Objectification in the Victimization and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 33, no. 1 (2018): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.33.1.23.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a substantial health concern and identifying risk factors for IPV is a research priority. We examined the relationship between severe IPV and objectification of the self and other sex across participant sex. A sample of 1,005 male and female university students completed a series of online questionnaires that measure levels of self-objectification, objectification of the other sex, and histories of severe IPV victimization and perpetration. Self-objectification was associated with severe psychological aggression, physical assault, and sexual coercion victimization in females, but not in males. Objectification of the other sex was associated with severe psychological aggression and physical assault perpetration in males, but not in females. These findings contribute to our understanding of gender similarities and differences in IPV.
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Aubrey, Jennifer Stevens, and Ashton Gerding. "The Cognitive Tax of Self-Objectification." Journal of Media Psychology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000128.

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Objectification theory ( Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997 , Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173–206) posits that a consequence of living in a sexually objectifying culture is self-objectification, a cognitively taxing preoccupation with one’s appearance. The present study investigated the effects of exposure to sexual objectification of female artists in music videos, on female emerging adults’ self-objectification and their ability to cognitively process subsequent television commercials. Results indicated that exposure to music videos high in sexual objectification induced self-objectification and hindered participants’ subsequent performance in encoding visual information from commercials, but did not diminish participants’ ability to allocate resources to, or to recall factual information from, the commercials.
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Kashirsky, Dmitry V., and O. V. Myasnikova. "Phenomenon of Self-Objectification in Women: Analysis of foreign Studies and a View through the Prism of Russian Psychology." National Psychological Journal 40, no. 4 (2020): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2020.0405.

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Background. At present, self-objectification of females is a very common phenomenon, reflecting the desire of women to meet the standards accepted in the society and manifested in excessive (even pathological) care of achieving the “ideal” appearance. This phenomenon was under study in various foreign psychological concepts and approaches, and especially in the theory of B. Fredrickson and T.E. Roberts. However, despite similar research in Russian psychology, the phenomenon has not been disclosed within Russian psychological methodology. In this regard, it is very important to analyze foreign publications for the subsequent development of an integrative approach to the study of self-objectification in females in the context of Russian psychology. Looking into this phenomenon from the standpoint of Russian psychological methodology would be useful for developing methods of assessment, intervention, and psychotherapeutic assistance for Russian girls and women experiencing psychological problems due to negative self-objectification. The Objective is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of women’s self-objectification in line with the national cultural-historical and activity methodology. Design. The paper provides a review of the publications on self-objectification in females which is analytical in its nature. In the paper, the basic approaches to the study of the phenomenon of self-objectification in females in foreign psychology are determined, and also the ways to understand the phenomenon in the context of the Russian psychological tradition proposed in the works of L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein developed by their students and the followers are shown. Results. The phenomenon of self-objectification in females is considered within the context of fundamental issues of psychology — the relationship of ‘outer’ and ‘inner’ contents, and particularly, within the framework of the subject-activity approach of S.L. Rubinstein and the activity theory of A.N. Leontiev. The role of the “social situation of the development” (L.S. Vygotsky) in the development self-objectification in females is shown. The mechanism of interiorization as a female’s adoption of the social ideas and attitudes is described. The process of interiorization is considered through three facets: individualization, intimization, and production of consciousness. The phenomenon of self-objectification was interpreted through the lenses of L.S. Vygotsky ideas about the intertwining of two domains of mental development in ontogenesis, i.e. the biological maturation of a person and the processes of mastering culture, and also within the notions of cultural-historical defectology. Conclusion. The research results contribute to expanding the scientific theoretical views of psychologists working within the national methodology to shape the phenomenon of self-objectification in females, which could facilitate further understanding of this theoretical construct and increase the number of empirical works in the research area. Female self-objectification through the prism of the Russian research methodology will contribute to the methodological status of this issue, enriching the idea of female self-objectification primarily at the philosophical (worldview) level and at the general scientific level of methodology (E.G. Yudin). All these will increase the interpretative capabilities of the concept. The materials of the paper can contribute to developing an integrative approach for understanding female self-objectification. The findings can be sufficient for creating methods of psychodiagnostics and psychotherapy for girls and women experiencing psychological problems due to the negative impact of self-objectification.
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Vargas-Bianchi, Lizardo, and Marta Mensa. "Do you remember me? Women sexual objectification in advertising among young consumers." Young Consumers 21, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-04-2019-0994.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect on brand name recall in advertisements with varying levels of female sexual objectification content among young millennials and the effect of distraction on this recall effort. The question arises whether this group evokes those brands that appear in advertisements using different levels of objectification content. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a correlational design that includes two studies with different groups of subjects: an assessment of perceived female sexual objectification levels in a set of ads and a quasi-experimental study that used the assessed perceived levels of female objectification and brand name short-term recall scores of those ads, with and without the intervention of an attention distractor. Findings Results suggest that female sexual objectification content exerts a limited influence on brand name recall between participants. In addition, it is not men who remember brand names from ads using sexual objectified images, but young women. Research limitations/implications The study had an exploratory scope and used a small non-probabilistic sample. Subjects belong to a cultural context of Western world developing economy, and thus perceived female objectification may vary between different cultural settings. Results refer to graphic advertisements, though this cohort is exposed to other audiovisual content platforms. Originality/value Several studies have addressed female objectification in advertising and media, but few focused on young Latin American audiences and its impact on the recollection of advertised brands. Brand name retention and awareness is still a relevant variable that the advertising industry takes in account as one of several predictors toward buying decisions. Even less research has been made on Latin American social and cultural contexts.
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Park, Hyun-sun. "A Study on Expression of female Objectification." Journal of Yeongju Language & Literature 41 (February 28, 2019): 429–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30774/yjll.2019.02.41.429.

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KOSTROVA, S. V. "Objectification of the female image in advertising." Studia Culturae, no. 49 (2021): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-1245-2021-49-130-143.

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Grey, Melissa J., Terrence G. Horgan, Tiffany A. Long, Noelle K. Herzog, and James R. Lindemulder. "Contrasting Objectification and Competence." Journal of Media Psychology 28, no. 2 (April 2016): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000159.

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Abstract. Research on priming self-objectification in women frequently implements product-only control groups or nonhuman control images. This study aimed to clarify whether there was a difference in levels of self-objectification among female participants who viewed objectifying images of women, body-competent images of women, or product-only images. A sample of undergraduate females was primed with one of the above image types, after which they completed the Twenty Statements Test (TST) to examine their preoccupation with their own appearance. Results revealed that those who were primed with objectifying images of women exhibited more self-objectification than women who were primed with either body-competent images of women or product-only images. There was also no significant difference between those who only viewed products and those who viewed body-competent images of women. Results are discussed in the context of self-objectification research methods and implications for visual media artists.
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Cummins, R. Glenn, Monica Ortiz, and Andrea Rankine. "“Elevator Eyes” in Sports Broadcasting: Visual Objectification of Male and Female Sports Reporters." Communication & Sport 7, no. 6 (October 21, 2018): 789–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479518806168.

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Despite considerable research exploring female objectification in sports, researchers have not explored differences in how they are actually watched by audiences in terms of distribution of visual attention. Such differences can provide objective evidence of objectification by demonstrating a gender bias in terms of visual attention to female reporters’ bodies. This experiment ( N = 66) employs eye tracking to measure how much attention viewers allocated to male and female reporters’ bodies versus their faces, as well as differences in perceived credibility as a function of reporter gender. Results revealed a greater ratio of time on female reporters’ bodies to their faces relative to male reporters. This effect was most evident among viewers with reduced interest in sports. Furthermore, visual attention to reporters’ bodies—a passive measure of objectification—was largely unrelated to perceived credibility. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to female objectification in sports and how this might inform program production personnel.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Female objectification"

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Puvia, Elisa. "A feminine look at female objectification: Makeup and self-objectification, sexy women and their dehumanization." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422034.

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The present work aimed to get a better understanding of sexual female objectification (Bartky, 1990; Frederickson & Roberts, 1997). When objectified, a woman is put on a par with her body or body parts resulting in a loss of her personality and individuality. We have examined both the cognitive consequence of the objectification of the self on woman’s self-perception and the possible motivations that lead women to consider sexually objectified female targets as not fully human beings. Chapter 2 tested the hypotheses that applying makeup could be a self-objectifying practice that in turn could have a negative impact on woman’s self-perceived competence. In two studies we have shown that changing one’s facial features trough the use of makeup is linked with a woman’s tendency to self-objectify, increasing worries about her physical (facial) appearance. In addition, we hypothesized that makeup use could have a negative impact on woman’s self-perception according to the normative context in which it is used. In line with this hypothesis, only when women’s competence is expected to be evaluated the intention to wear makeup lead female participants to perceive themselves as less competent. Study 2 replicated the link between makeup use and self-objectification broadening our knowledge about the process of self-objectification itself. Indeed, the results of these studies show that a person’s face instead of his or her body can function as a possible source of self-objectification, and more specifically the use of makeup is a potential self-objectifying practice. In Chapter 3 we examined the possible motivations that could lead women to dehumanize their sexually objectified counterparts. Both target and perceivers’ characteristics were manipulated to get a better understanding on these motivations. In Study 3, we showed that manipulating the social meaning of the target of sexual female objectification that is priming the idea of a woman as a promoter versus a victim of on objectifying culture changed the way female participants perceived them in human terms. Only in the former condition female participants attributed less humanness to sexually objectified targets. Finally, focusing on perceivers’ personality characteristics, Study 4 showed that women when confronted with sexually objectified depictions of their gender category tend to distance themselves from these representations because they perceive these sexy women as potential competitors in their strive to attract the attention of the other sex.
Il presente lavoro di ricerca è volto ad indagare il fenomeno dell’oggettivazione sessuale femminile (Bartky, 1990; Frederickson & Roberts, 1997). Quando oggettivata, una donna è ridotta al proprio corpo o alle sue parti sessuali perdendo la propria individualità e personalità. Il processo di oggettivazione è stato indagato prendendo in considerazione sia le conseguenze cognitive che l’oggettivazione rivolta al sé o auto-oggettivazione può avere sulla percezione che una donna ha di sé, sia le possibili motivazioni che spingono le donne a considerare modelli di donna sessualmente oggettivati come non completamente esseri umani, o de-umanizzarli. Nel Capitolo 2 abbiamo verificato se l’uso di makeup possa essere considerato una pratica auto-oggettivante che in quanto tale può avere un effetto negativo sulla competenza auto percepita di una donna. In una serie di due studi abbiamo mostrato come modificare le caratteristiche del proprio volto attraverso l’uso di makeup è associato ad una tendenza ad auto-oggettivarsi, aumentando le preoccupazioni espresse da partecipanti femminili per il proprio aspetto fisico, in particolare legato al proprio volto. Inoltre, abbiamo ipotizzato che l’effetto negativo derivante dall’uso di makeup possa dipendere dal contesto normativo in cui makeup viene utilizzato. In accordo con quest’ipotesi, è stato mostrato come solamente nel caso in cui partecipanti femminili erano poste in un contesto in cui la competenza veniva resa saliente l’intenzione di usare makeup portava queste stesse partecipanti a percepirsi come meno competenti. Nel loro insieme, questi studi ampliano la nostra conoscenza sul processo di auto-oggettivazione in quanto mostrano per la prima volta che anche il proprio volto oltre al corpo nel suo insieme può essere una fonte di auto-oggettivazione. A dispetto del suo largo uso, questi studi mostrano come l’uso di makeup sia un’abitudine potenzialmente auto-oggettivante. Nel Capitolo 3 sono state indagate le possibili motivazioni che portano le donne a de-umanizzare modelli di donne sessualmente oggettivate. Abbiamo considerato le caratteristiche di chi subisce l’oggettivazione, ovvero della donna oggetto e di chi la pone in essere, ovvero le altre donne separatamente, ipotizzando che questi due aspetti siano importanti nel processo indagato. Nello Studio 3 abbiamo mostrato come cambiando il significato sociale associato ad un modello di oggettivazione sessuale femminile, evidenziando cioè il ruolo di potenziale promotrice oppure di vittima della donna di una cultura che oggettivizza i corpi femminili, cambi anche il modo in cui partecipanti femminili percepiscono questi modelli in termini umani. Solo nella condizione in cui veniva evidenziato il possibile ruolo di promotrici di una cultura che pone l’aspetto fisico come prioritario, le donne non attribuivano loro un grado di umanità diverso da quello attribuito ad un topic di controllo. Infine, nello Studio 4 il fenomeno di de-umanizzazione di modelli di donna oggetto da parte di altre donne, è stato indagato prendendo in considerazione le caratteristiche di personalità di partecipanti femminili considerate significative nel contesto dell’oggettivazione femminile. L’obiettivo era quello di comprendere quale tipologia di donna ha maggiori probabilità di reagire negativamente a questi modelli femminili. Questo studio ha mostrato come sono in particolare le donne motivate ad attrarre membri dell’altro sesso a prendere le distanze da modelli di donna sessualmente oggettivati poiché vedono in questi modelli delle potenziali rivali.
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Comaroto, Maryanne. "Re-visioning the Feminine| Unveiling the Cultural Shadow of Female Sexual Objectification." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10812410.

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Concerned with the unconscious, embodied experience of heterosexual women affected by female sexual objectification (FSO), this research takes a depth psychological, somatic approach to addressing the Western cultural split between mind and body. This study explores the archetypal, thematic material constellating in the dynamics of FSO, its traumatogenic effects, and women’s internalization of FSO as a psychosocial survival strategy. It asks the question: How can FSO be ameliorated, bringing the rejected body and sacred feminine sexuality out of the shadow and back into consciousness? Using a co-operative inquiry methodology six women explored the inquiry questions using Open Floor movement to access the somatic unconscious followed by journaling, group dialogue, and art production. Findings validated women’s ways of knowing; revealed ways that FSO shapes women’s relationship with their bodies, sexuality, and subjectivity; substantiated FSO as a cultural complex; advanced the critique surrounding the normalization and personal burden associated with FSO as a cultural trauma; and illuminated the archetypal plurality of psyche, evidenced in women’s embodied experience with the transpersonal feminine, the self, others, and world. Findings also illustrated the strength, efficacy, and importance of using a body-oriented approach to inquiry and discovered archetypal energies of the feminine that emerged from the unconscious in and through the women’s bodies, bringing forward previously split-off potential for self-efficacy and agency.

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Mamabolo, Mokgaetji Philistus. "Self-objectification, cultural identity, body dissatisfaction, and health-related behaviours among female among female African University Students." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3069.

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Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo,2019
Sociocultural pressures, including the thin-ideal internalization, and other aspects of self-objectification, are associated with body dissatisfaction. However, there is limited research regarding the association between self-objectification and engagement in health related behaviours among African females. A quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 411 female African university students from the University of Limpopo, South Africa to investigate the relationship between internalisation of sociocultural beauty standards and body dissatisfaction and engagement in health related behaviours. The study further explored whether cultural identity would moderate the relationship between internalisation of socio-cultural beauty standards and both body dissatisfaction and engagement in health related behaviours. Structural equation modelling (SEM) suggested that internalization of socio-cultural beauty standards significantly predicted students’ body satisfaction. No statistically significant relationship was found between internalization of socio-cultural beauty standards and engagement in health related behaviours. Also, cultural identity did not moderate the relationship between self-objectification and both body dissatisfaction and engagement in health related behaviours. This being a single study, further research is required to determine the relationship between the variables.
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Phillips, Sarah Ramby. "The Development of Disordered Eating Among Female Undergraduates: A Test of Objectification Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84267/.

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Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) has been used to explain how mechanisms related to socialization, sexual objectification, and psychological variables interact to predict mental health difficulties. Among a sample of 626 undergraduate women (age 18-24), this study empirically tested components of Moradi and Huang’s (2008) model and extended it by including additional socialization experiences (i.e., sexual abuse, societal pressures regarding weight and body size). Structural equation modeling analyses suggested that the model provided a good fit to the data and the model was tested in the confirmatory sample. Across the two samples, high levels of Body Shame and low levels of Internal Bodily Awareness directly led and high levels of Societal Pressures Regarding Weight and Body Size, Internalization of Cultural Standards of Beauty, and Self-objectification indirectly led to increased Bulimic Symptomatology and accounted for 65 to 73% of the variance in Bulimic Symptomatology. A history of sexual abuse and sexual objectification were not consistently supported within the model and do not appear to be as salient as the experience of societal pressures regarding weight and body size in understanding women’s experience of bulimic symptomatology. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Bailey, Dorie. "Beefing Up the Beefcake: Male Objectification, Boy Bands, and the Socialized Female Gaze." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/743.

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In the traditionally patriarchal Hollywood industry, the heterosexual man’s “male gaze,” as coined by feminist film theorist Laura Mulvey, is the dominant viewing model for cinematic audiences, leaving little room for a negotiated reading of how visual images are created, presented, and internalized by male and female audiences alike. However, as Hollywood’s shifting feminist landscape becomes increasingly prevalent in the mainstream media, content incorporating the oppositional “female gaze” have become the new norm in both the film and television mediums. Through an extended analysis of the gaze as socialized through gendered learning in children, the “safe space” afforded through the formulaic platform of “boy bands,” and the function of romantic comedies and the emerging feminist rhetoric prevalent in such films as “Magic Mike: XXL,” the conceptual “female gaze” is defined and explored through the demographic of young girls as they grow and push their understanding of desire, particularly as they develop into the mature, media-cosuming women that have become increasingly vocal in the Hollywood sphere.
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Kibbe, Mackenzie R. "Factors Influencing the Relationship Between Instagram Use and Female Body Image Concern: An Extension of Objectification Theory." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150048751624449.

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Morawitz, Elizabeth. "Effects of the Sexualization of Female Characters in Video Games on Gender Stereotyping, Body Esteem, Self-Objectification, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194117.

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Content analyses indicate that women and girls are gender-stereotyped and negatively portrayed in video games, yet, to date, no research has examined the effects of exposure to these images on consumers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of sexualized (stereotypical) and non-sexualized (counter-stereotypical) portrayals of female characters in video games on players' self-esteem, gender stereotyping, body esteem, self-objectification, and self-efficacy. Social cognitive theory and presence are utilized to explicate the processes through which individuals are affected by video game play. According to social cognitive theory, the portrayals of women and girls in video games would be expected to influence social perceptions about gender and self-concept in both male and female users. Integrating presence into this theoretical framework aids in explaining the effects of exposure to this uniquely interactive medium. The findings from this study suggest that short-term exposure to a sexualized female video game character predicts lower self-efficacy and negative attitudes toward women in terms of their physical capabilities for female players. Additionally, level of presence experienced by male game players predicted body-related outcomes, such that a higher level of presence was related to greater body satisfaction and lower self-objectification in men. Presence had no significant effect on the relationship between sex, type of character played, and the outcome variables. The results of this study are of consequence not only to media effects researchers but also to parents, legislators, and video game programmers.
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Jensen, Marissa D. "The Way to a Man’s Heart Is through His Stomach: Male Consumption and Female Social Edibility in Laços de família by Clarice Lispector." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8929.

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Critics of Clarice Lispector often identify feminist themes relating to voice, gender, and the male gaze in her creative work. Lispector’s collection of short stories Laços de família demonstrates the way patriarchal society sets limits on the identity of women. Laura Mulvey’s concept of “the male gaze” provides a useful tool for understanding how men marginalize, objectify, and subordinate women through visual regimes of control, yet Mulvey’s concept does not fully encapsulate the scope of male oppression explored in Laços de família. In fact, Lispector draws upon a variety of senses and metaphors related to consumption through a mode I call food femininities to display how men consume their female counterparts in society. More specifically, Lispector’s collection Laços de família invokes, presents, and uses food, food imagery, food vocabulary, and food metaphors as a central way of defining gender roles determined by society and performed in accordance with the normative standards dictated by said society.
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Gränglid, Olivia Signe Afrodite. "Misogyny in the Marshlands : female Characterization in Seamus Heaney’s “Bog Queen” and “Punishment”." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22122.

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This essay argues that the depiction of women in Seamus Heaney’s poems “Bog Queen” and “Punishment” results from the male gaze in three ways: the narrative viewpoint, stereotypical characterization, and the objectification of the female body. The following essay analyses the poems through an ecofeminist perspective that enables examination of the female characters as personifications of nature – “Bog Queen” as Mother Earth and the victim of “Punishment” as Nerthus, the fertility goddess. The analysis explores three areas; historical context, ‘The Feminine Principle,’ and Nussbaum’s list of ‘Feminist Perspectives on Objectification’ to answer how the male gaze is present in the three aspects. The male gaze is argued to be attributed to an androcentric narrative that presents a man and country’s sense of revenge, stereotypes that are totems of the male fantasy, and dehumanizing sexual objectification that enables appreciation of the dead bodies of women.
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Milosavljevic, Filip, and Philip Wernersson. "Kvinnliga superhjältar i en maskulin värld : En jämförelse av tre kvinnliga superhjältar på film och i tv-serier mellan 1974 - 2020." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44038.

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In this essay, we examine how three female superheroes in movies are portrayed and how that role has changed over time. We have chosen to examine Wonder woman, Supergirl and Black widow. The time period exanimated was a period between 1974 and 2020. The time period was chosen by availability to material from real feature movies and TV series. The purpose of the essay is to investigate whether there are any general differences in how female superheroes have been portrayed in movies and in TV series during the specified time period. What we examine is whether they have been sexualized, both in appearance and personality. We selected a goal-oriented selection that has been made of the movies and TV series we examined. Our findings indicate that the portrayal of these female super heroes has over time changed by increasing the depth of emotions. Our first analysis showed that the first portrayal did not include emotions but later on in the new movies and TV series we can find that the heroes have a more emotional story line and character. In the first movies and TV series, the superheroes do not encounter any major problems other than having to save the world, in the 2010s the storyline goes in to more depth and they face difficulties in managing their superpowers or having to deal with their past. The category of superpowers has not changed among the characters if we ignore Wonder woman. Clothes are from the beginning something that sexualized the characters and does not change over time, however, the sexualization of the superheroes' clothes is questioned in the later movies and TV series. We can also see a pattern of the female characters having feminine traits. The portrayal of a female as tender and maternal has over time not changed but there is a change over time in giving female characters’ other traits like aggression.
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Books on the topic "Female objectification"

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Handzo, Stephen. Hollywood and the Female Body: A History of Idolization and Objectification. McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2019.

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Sharlet, Jocelyn. Educated Slave Women and Gift Exchange in Abbasid Culture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622183.003.0015.

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The chapter argues that although educated slave women played a significant role in Abbasid-era sources, their portrayal has received less attention than that of their free male counterparts. Using stories of gift exchange that feature two slave women, Utba and Inan, it demonstrates how enslaved women participated in the negotiation of their evolving status in the context of patriarchy in general, and educated female slavery in particular. The chapter uses two stories of the participation of such women in episodes of gift exchange to investigate the dynamics of the slave woman’s subjective agency and objectification in accounts of elite male competition. As a theme of Abbasid literature, the exchange of material gifts contributes to a reconstruction of elite networks and hierarchies. The slave woman may be objectified as a gift, but she may also display subjective agency by interfering with her exchange or by giving a gift herself.
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Book chapters on the topic "Female objectification"

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Roberts, Tomi-Ann. "Bleeding in Jail: Objectification, Self-Objectification, and Menstrual Injustice." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 53–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_6.

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Abstract In this first-person recollection, Roberts describes in frank detail an expert witness in a civil rights case on behalf of former inmates subjected to a strip and body cavity search in a women's jail. As Roberts relates, the procedure was monitored by female deputies and conducted en masse, and those who were menstruating had to remove their soiled tampons or pads in front of the group and, in some cases, bleed down their legs and onto the floor. Deputies are alleged to have verbally abused the inmates during the procedure. This case, Roberts says, has opened her eyes to the ways the shame and disgust that menstruation engenders gets deployed to debase disenfranchised women. Roberts asserts that this is a uniquely misogynist form of punishment, meted out by and against bodies and minds that have been colonized by objectification and self-objectification, becoming a grotesque platform to dehumanize women who land on the wrong side of the law and who live in bodies that menstruate.
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Goldenberg, Jamie L. "Black Swan/White Swan: On Female Objectification, Creatureliness, and Death Denial." In Death in Classic and Contemporary Film, 105–17. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137276896_7.

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Moraes, Caroline, Solon Magrizos, and Lucy Hebberts. "Female Sexualisation and Objectification in Advertising: Research Insights and Future Research Agenda for Advertising Ethics." In The SAGE Handbook of Marketing Ethics, 91–106. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529739725.n6.

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Bandelli, Daniela. "Abolitionist and Regulatory Arguments into Perspectives." In Sociological Debates on Gestational Surrogacy, 123–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80302-5_8.

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AbstractSurrogacy is becoming a new cause for transnational feminism and the public debate is strongly influenced by the commodification and autonomy/choice frames used in other battles of feminism (abortion and prostitution). This chapter will discuss the scarce appeal of the defence of women from commodification in an individualistic society that legitimizes self-determination at any cost and self-objectification; it will also highlight female agency in choosing to participate in surrogacy, inviting to understand these decisions in light of some characteristics of contemporary society, including the imperative to individual choice as well as the human domination over nature through technology; in light of the limitations of women’s freedom during pregnancy for others, the claim of surrogacy as a space for expression of a woman’s autonomy will be questioned; the claim of surrogacy as empowerment will also be questioned, highlighting the negative impact on the social condition of women. Finally, it will be proposed to shift the focus of the debate from adults to children, and, in particular, to their separation at birth from the one they identify as mother: this removal, even if done without wanting to harm, could be framed as a form of violence.
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Clunis, Sarah Anita. "Beyond Objectification and Fetishization." In Walking Raddy, 273–84. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496817396.003.0019.

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This Chapter is about the aggressive female sexuality and defiance of restrictions and values demonstrated by the feminist performativity of the New Orleans Baby Dolls and the contemporary art that references this performance. Utilizing criticism from scholars such as LuceIrigay, Judith Butler, and Mikhail Bakhtin the ways that, for women, artifice and display have come to represent the “real” in gendered performance is discussed. The specific contemporary art works discussed in this chapter posit the Baby Dolls as bodies of political action and criticism in both their traditional and contemporary manifestations and demonstrates how the Baby Doll continues to be a figure of political agency that in the process of her revelry, offers us a paradoxical performance which combines issues of age, sexuality, innocence, vulgarity, and the commodification, objectification and fetishization of the Black female body.
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Kelly, Alice M. "Female Homoeroticism and The Rescue ’s ‘Lesbian Context’." In Decolonising the Conrad Canon, 41–74. Liverpool University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800856462.003.0002.

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Moving away from Conrad scholarship’s traditional emphasis on the aberrant lesbian body, namely that of Mrs Fyne in Chance, this chapter turns to the queer affects that animate female characters in Conrad’s writing. From the queer shelter, domesticity, and affection of ‘Freya of the Seven Isles’ between the titular white Freya and her mixed-race maid Antonia, to the charged homoerotic tension between Malay Princess Immada and British Aristocrat Edith Travers in The Rescue, the ‘lesbian contexts’ of Conrad’s works reveal the queer dissonances threatening to rupture heteropatriarchal colonial romance plots at every turn. That homoeroticism is so much more readily identified in relationships between men in Conrad’s colonial fiction, such as in ‘The Secret Sharer’, is a symptom of the wider academic objectification of female characters (especially female characters of colour) that persistently fails to read non-white non-male bodies as capable of desiring subjecthood.
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Bissonnette, Andreanne, and Elisabeth Vallet. "Migration, Border Crossing and Women: Female Migrant Sexualities Between Objectification and Empowerment." In Women and Borders. I.B. Tauris, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350989801.ch-007.

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Grasskamp, Anna. "Woman with a Shell: Transcultural Exchange, Female Bodies and Maritime Matters." In Art and Ocean Objects of Early Modern Eurasia. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721158_ch04.

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This chapter discusses images of women with shells across Eurasia and the artistic negotiation of materiality and corporality, objectification and sexual agency, intimacy and distance in both physical and geographical senses. While some of the works discussed are well-known representations of Venus surrounded by sexualised objectscapes, the chapter also introduces religious imagery framed by shells and women with shells in early modern Chinese and Japanese paintings. Despite their differences, all of these works link female bodies to objects of maritime material culture. The chapter argues that in China and Europe, images of women with shells are visual and material reflections of foreign (underwater) spaces full of riches, paradise-like realms that not only promise material affluence but also erotic fulfilment.
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Hlavka, Heather R., and Sameena Mulla. "Nursing Sexual Violence from the Stand." In Bodies in Evidence, 145–78. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479809639.003.0005.

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This chapter analyses the labor performed by Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs), demonstrating how they represent their clinical interactions with victims while testifying during the trial. SANEs often sanitized sexual assault testimony while deploying medicolegal knowledge infused with cultural norms and heteronormative frameworks to testify about the resilience of the female body and the fragility of forensic evidence. The authors reveal the process of credentialing the forensic nurse on the stand and the objectification and cultural mores attached to the female body in order to explain the absence of evidence. The chapter considers the primacy of the nurse as a white narrator whose description of the bodies of women of color is considered more authoritative than their own subjective testimony.
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Lázaro-Reboll, Antonio. "Sexual Horror Stories: The Eroticisation of Spanish Horror Film (1969–75)." In Spanish Erotic Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400473.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on 1970s erotic horror films. It reveals how the Spanish film press became highly critical of what it perceived as an exploitative commercialisation of eroticism and sexuality in what it appropriately called ‘erotismo de consumo’. Rather than focusing on the well-trodden territory of the objectification of female bodies in horror cinema, Lázaro-Reboll turns his attention to the male body and the camp aesthetics of Miguel Madrid’s (aka Michael Skaife) El asesino de muñecas/Killing of the Dolls (1975) and, in particular, to the body of David Rocha as spectacle.
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Conference papers on the topic "Female objectification"

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Zhang, Shuwen, and Xinjun Fu. "Research on Female Objectification in Lipstick Consumption." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201128.084.

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Labong, JAM. "ON THE FEMALE NUDE, SEXUAL BODILY SERVICES, AND WOMEN’S OBJECTIFICATION: A CASE STUDY ON ARAKI’S SEXUALLY EXPLICIT PHOTOGRAPHS." In World Conference on Women’s Studies. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246743.2022.7101.

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Nurja, Anisa. "STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFILE OF THE MOTIONS IN VOLLEYBALL." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/38.

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ABSTRACT Most of the scientific reports about volleyball are focused on the technical aspect of the game and a very small amount of them are about time motion analysis. In this regard to the fore comes the necessity of the quantification of the time motion profile of the volleyball game. These analyses are important to the objectification of strength and conditioning. The aim of this research is to study the different motions of 16-17 years old female volleyball players. The main task of this report is to define basic motions that characterize the volleyball game. The second task of the research is to quantify this motion in a real game situation. The methods that are used for this research are video and statistical analysis. After thoroughly researching the reports on this topic we design a model for time motion characteristics that are important for strength and conditioning. It was based on and complied with all of the previously developed models with some modifications. The data were collected through video records of the 5 matches during the championship of the mentioned age group. Experience statistician derived the absolute values of all the motions. Based on the number of players that consist in one team it was calculated mean, maximal, and minimal values of all of the motions. Results: In total, one volleyball game at this age consisted of 83 rallies of different lengths. In these rallies one player makes 75 jumps with a different approach, 56 starts, and sprints at different distances. The most common jump is the standing jump followed by the jump after two steps. The most common movement in a game is the 3 m sprint. More than half of the rallies finished up to 10 seconds. Defending motions of the players are twice more than the attacking ones. Conclusion: On the basis of the received results in motion characteristics to the fore comes the conclusion that speed and power endurance are important factors in the game for this age group.
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