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Monteiro, Igor Chagas. "Mulheres de preto: trajetórias na arbitragem do futebol profissional." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3151.
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Inúmeras barreiras culturais e de gênero, além daquelas relacionadas às formas de ascensão profissional, delimitam as experiências das mulheres na arbitragem no futebol brasileiro. Nesse sentido, destacamos como objetivo deste estudo descrever a trajetória de árbitras de futebol profissional no Brasil, analisando seus processos de inserção, permanência, ascensão na carreira e aposentadoria. Para tal organizou-se um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e do tipo descritivo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se da técnica de entrevista, realizada com dez árbitras de futebol atuantes nas décadas de 1980, 1990 e 2000. A análise dos dados seguiu a técnica da análise de conteúdo, de acordo com Bardin. As vias de acesso para a arbitragem foram a família e a experiência esportiva, e a visibilidade de mulheres na arbitragem foi fundamental para o ingresso das novas árbitras a partir dos anos 2000. As participantes do estudo atuaram em importantes competições nacionais e internacionais e o encerramento de suas carreiras foi motivado por lesões. Concluímos que as árbitras das décadas de 1980 e 1990, ao se inserirem na arbitragem, quebraram barreiras, superaram inúmeras dificuldades no campo da arbitragem e contribuíram para consolidar a atuação das mulheres como árbitras.
A lot of difficulties – such as cultural and gender barriers, as well as those related to career building – limit women experience in soccer. The aim of this study is to describe the history of Brazilian professional football referees and analyze the processes of inclusion, permanence, career advancement and retirement of women referees in Brazilian professional soccer. To achieve our purpose, we conducted a qualitative and descriptive research. Data was collected through interviews conducted with ten women soccer referees acting in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. For data analysis we adopted Bardin´s content analysis technique. Access routes to arbitration were family and sports experience. The visibility of women in arbitration was essential for the entry of new referees in the 2000s. The study participants were active in major national and international competitions, and the end of their careers was motivated by injuries. We conclude that the referees of the 1980s and 1990s, when inserted in the refereeing, broke down barriers, overcame numerous difficulties in the field of refereeing and contributed to consolidating the role of women as referees.
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Razakamahefa, Odile Édith. "Les femmes arbitres de volley-ball à Tananarive : place et enjeux de la formation féminine dans le milieu sportif à Madagascar." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0016/document.
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Cette recherche en sociologie du genre vise à comprendre la rareté de femmes arbitres à la Fédération Malgache de Volley-Ball (FMVB). Elle a pour problématique l'articulation entre pratiques professionnelles d'arbitrage et normes des identités sexuées de la société malgache. Faute de travaux existant portant sur genre et sport à Madagascar, la démarche procède d'une enquête exploratoire. L'approche institutionnelle et statistique met en évidence un double plafond de verre, bloquant la formation des femmes à l'arbitrage, puis leur promotion de carrière. L'approche qualitative interroge sur ces faits des arbitres femmes (8) et des cadres ou dirigeants sportifs (17 dont 14 hommes) par entretien, des volleyeuses de Tananarive (222) par questionnaire. Toutes les réponses convergent sur les faits mais les interprétations divergent : les arbitres femmes dénoncent des procédés discriminatoires et la domination masculine qu'elles affrontent ; les dirigeants légitiment leur gestion en se prévalant des normes et valeurs patriarcales de la société malgache ; d'autres cadres hommes se dissocient de ces positions et d'autres Fédérations favorisent l'arbitrage féminin, jusqu'à l’international. Les réponses des volleyeuses viennent prouver leur disponibilité pour le sport, expriment en majorité une conception égalitaire de l'arbitrage et un quart déclarent souhaiter devenir arbitre. Bien que la fin des discriminations de la gestion arbitrale à la FMVB semble dépendre de rapports de pouvoir internes, l'enquête montre l'émergence de mobilités de genre dans le milieu sportif malgache, les femmes arbitres y ayant notamment conquis de nouvelles prérogatives publiques et démocratiquesThis research in the field of sociology of gender aims at understanding the rarity of female referees in the Malagasy Federation of Volleyball (MFVB). The issue concerns the link between the professional practice of arbitration and the norms of sexual identities in the Malagasy society. Due to the lack of existing work on gender and sport in Madagascar, our approach proceeds from an exploratory investigation. The institutional and statistical approach reveals the existence of a double glass ceiling, blocking women's arbitration training, and then, their career promotion. Interviews were conducted, in a qualitative approach, with female referees (8), leaders or managers (17 with 14 men), and a questionnaire was filled in by female volleyball players from Antananarivo (222). All answers point towards the facts but the interpretations vary: the female referees denounce discriminatory processes and the male domination they are facing, leaders legitimize their management practice, relying on the patriarchal norms and values of the Malagasy society, while other male managers do not abide by these positions and other federations promote female arbitration on an international scale. The female volleyball players' responses prove that they are available for the sport and generally express an egalitarian conception of arbitration, a quarter of the women even said they would like to become referee. Although the end of discrimination in the arbitral management of the MFVB seems to depend on internal power relations, the survey shows the emergence of gender mobility in the Malagasy sport community, women referees have actually conquered new public and democratic prerogatives
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Akande, Valentine A. "Assessment of pelvic disease with reference to fertility." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368393.
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Du, Plessis Jeanne Catherine. "Poetry portfolio : Things I’ll never say and Mini-dissertation : The fragmented self : female identity in personal poetry, with particular reference to selected poems by Anne Sexton, Antjie Krog and Finuala Dowling." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30351.
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This mini-dissertation examines selected poems by three female poets who deal with what I have termed ‘the personal’ in relation to specifically female concerns in their poetry, namely Anne Sexton, Antjie Krog and Finuala Dowling. There has been a considerable rise in personal and autobiographical writing in the last few decades, and this trend shows no sign of decreasing. This kind of writing has provoked much heated debate, both regarding its content and its style(s). Many critics and poets, such as Robert Lowell or James Dickey, disapprove of the frankness with which female poets discuss subjects which are specific to women, and consider the poems to be too graphic or crude. Personal poems which are not graphic are also criticised as being boring, irrelevant or lacking in artistic craft. Those in favour of poetry of the personal, such as Collette Inez and Alicia Ostriker, believe that contemporary poets’ freedom to examine any topic they like is a positive development. Instead of considering these poems to be irrelevant to readers, they believe that personal poetry can be a means for both writers and readers to explore identity and to navigate various female roles. This mini-dissertation argues in defence of personal poetry, and addresses the common criticisms of this type of writing briefly mentioned above. It highlights women’s issues and questions of female identity throughout. The different ways in which female writers approach personal poetry are also examined, and the mini-dissertation compares the controversial aspects of Sexton’s writing with Krog’s candour and Dowling’s understated humour. Through close textual analysis, the mini-dissertation highlights both similarities and differences in the work of these poets, in support of the value of such poetry for both readers and writers. The mini-dissertation is accompanied by a portfolio of my own creative work. My poems also fit into the category of female poetry of the personal, so while I do not directly discuss my own work in the mini-dissertation, the portfolio and mini-dissertation are thematically linked.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
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Dahlberg, Josefine, and Elin Johansson. "De tror inte att kvinnliga domare kan döma : En kvalitativ studie om vilka faktorer som bidrar till att antalet kvinnliga domare inom fotbollen är få." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-166175.
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Background: Football is a sport defined by men for men. The number of performers is higher, men have better benefits and they get more attention than women. Additionally, the football referees are represented by men as well. In the current situation, there are 139 referees in football placed in Västerbotten. 18 are women and 121 are men, which means that women only represent 13 % of the referees in the county. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine which factors that contribute the fact that female football referees are few. Following research questions were stated: why do female referees quit? What obstacles and abilities do female referees face in their profession?What do they believe needs to be done to change the conditions in Swedish football to encourage women to become referees? Method: To conduct this study, a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews has been done. Six active and two non-active referees from Västerbotten and Västernorrland participated in this study. Result: The result indicated that female quit judging due to several reasons. For example, lack of support, insults and disrespectful treatment. Norms and perceptions about the woman make it hard for them to get respect and belief. Women also have to face sexual harassment. The respondents believe that right type of recruitment, specific female coaches, education for women and better support are solutions to attract more women to the profession.
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Atkinson, Diane. "The politics of female homework : with special reference to Spitalfields 1880-1909." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1994. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1381.
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This thesis examines the development of female homework as a social and political issue from 1880-1909. Special attention is given to homework in Spitalfields, East London. The study examines the formation and conduct of the campaign to reform the law and preserve the 'sanctity' of the Victorian home. We focus on the role of philanthropists, social reformers, the medical profession and the Press in bringing about greater public awareness of the problem of women's homeworking; and evaluate the impact of the campaign on government policy and legislation. The thesis traces the formulation and definition of the homework problem in. four distinct but overlapping phases: as a public health issue; as a 'dangerous trade'; as a problem of Motherhood, Race and Empire; and finally of underpaid labour. The Parliamentary processes which led to the 1909 Trade Boards Act are examined. The supportive response to the legislation by The Women's Industrial Council and women trade unionists (Clementina Black and Mary MacArthur); by the militant women's suffrage campaign (the Women's Social and Political Union); and by the Press (The Lancet and The Daily News) and the Anti-Sweating League (George Cadbury, Gertrude Tuckwell et al. ) is considered as indicative of the large measure of consensus on homework which was to remain in force for more than half a century.
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Hsieh, Hong Tse 'Bill'. "The influence of cultural environment on consumer behaviour in the purchase of cosmetics in China, Taiwan and the UK, with particular reference to the China cosmetics market." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4075.
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Bourianova, Ioulia. "Housing of female single-parent families with special reference to Point St. Charles." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23975.
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The single-parent family is an established household form in North American and Western European societies, yet today's homes are often built and marketed for the two-earner household. Inadequate and unaffordable housing is a source of daily stress in the lives of single parents. This thesis investigates the problems and concerns of the female single parents described in the literature, and reviews selected examples of single-parent housing projects developed in North America and Europe. A comparison is made with a particular group of female single parents living in the Point St. Charles neighborhood of Montreal.A review of the difficulties faced by this group is provided, particularly their housing concerns and the types of housing available to them. A brief historical overview of Point St. Charles is given so that the reader may better understand the group of female single parents surveyed.
An analysis of the survey results reveals that although many of the problems and concerns of single parents described in the literature are similar to those identified in the present survey, few generalizations can be made about their housing problems.
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O'Brien, Karen. "Female verbal crime in Northwest England, c.1590-1675, with special reference to cursing /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030711.152050/index.html.
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O'Brien, Karen, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. "Female verbal crime in northwest England, c. 1590-1675, with special reference to cursing." THESIS_FARSS_XXX_OBrien_K.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/54.
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Broad changes in early-modern English society were often reflected in the community via a 'war of words'. A close investigation of the social circumstances of individuals and of the relationships between individuals who were caught up in verbal crime provides a detailed context or 'micro-history' of this phenomenon, which in turn sheds light on the socio-economic changes occurring in the Northwest during this period. Since crimes associated with speech increased fourfold between 1580-1680, an investigation of the symbolic domain of speech is important to an understanding of early-modern society. This includes an investigation of chiding, cursing and scolding. In this thesis, the sources of female power in the early-modern community are examined, as well as the dynamics of ill-will behind female verbal crime. Such crimes are researched from manuscripts of proceedings in the local church courts and quarter sessions, which often provide insights into the popular politics of early-modern towns. By examining such texts, we may access a 'micro-history' of gossip that contributes to the debate over such micro-historical questions as gender, social politics and female social space. Networks of power and factional divisions with the community are revealed by exploring the attitudes of those involved in cases of female verbal crime, since individuals from every walk of life appeared in order to give evidenceDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Buzdugan, A. R. "Developing a typology of female sex work, South India, with special reference to Karnataka." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1334113/.
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The thesis is premised on the fact that India‟s National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) employs the typology of female sex work in outreach and other components of the HIV programme in order to identify high-risk female sex workers (FSWs). However, the current typology – distinguishing between FSWs based on their main place of solicitation – may not adequately reflect the variation in HIV risk. Using data from integrated biological and behavioural assessment surveys among FSWs from three south Indian states, I propose a method for devising evidence-based typologies of sex work which prioritizes place of solicitation and explores other factors potentially helpful for targeted interventions by indicating which FSWs are at high risk. For Karnataka state, the analysis suggests that the typology should distinguish between women based on the main place of solicitation and the main place of sex; this typology identifies street to lodge and brothel to brothel FSWs as being at highest risk for HIV. The strongest HIV/STI risk factor among FSWs from Andhra Pradesh is marital status, while among Tamil Nadu FSWs it is marital status and alcohol consumption respectively. Of the three states, Karnataka typology has the highest outreach applicability, as the main place of sex is linked to a geographical location. In addition, a qualitative study was conducted in Belgaum district, Karnataka to understand what it is about the mode of operation in different sex work settings that may help explain why some FSW categories are at higher risk for HIV compared to others. The qualitative data identified a number of factors which might help explain why brothel to brothel, lodge to lodge, street to lodge, dhaba to dhaba and highway to highway FSWs are likely at highest HIV risk, with different vulnerability factors applying to different modes.
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Meyer, Berry. "Representations of female sexuality in fairy tale illustrations and text, with specific reference to the Brothers Grimm's The handless maiden." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4124.
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Thesis (MPhil (Visual Arts))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to investigate, from a feminist perspective, representations of female sexuality in fairy tale text and illustrations. I conduct my analysis in the form of a case study of the Brothers Grimm’s The Handless Maiden as it appeared in the 1915 English edition of their Children and Household Tales. My investigation is prompted by the belief that fairy tales play an important role in the social construction of gender relations, a process known as ‘interpellation’ within contemporary feminist discourse. This due to the fact that fairy tales are some of the earliest narratives young children get exposed to and thus help shape their understanding of the world around them and their role as social beings in it. I start my investigation by looking exclusively at fairy tale text – The Handless Maiden by the Brothers Grimm - and how language gets used to construct a specific version of female sexuality; that which is silenced and without agency, thus repressive and problematic from a feminist perspective. Here I firmly situate my argument within a theoretical framework provided by contemporary feminist discourse with reference to the arguments of theorists Judith Butler and Luce Irigaray and their emphasis on the key role of language within processes of ‘interpellation’. I then move on to a discussion of fairy tale illustrations and the important role thereof to underscore, by making visible, the particular version of female sexuality implicit in the accompanying text. The next part of my investigation focuses on images of women in the photo-collages of the early 20th century German artist Hannah Höch. I posit these as exemplary of imagery with the potential to destabilize patriarchal notions of female sexuality. By means of this investigation I hope to provide a discursive framework in which to situate my own set of illustrations of the Grimm’s Handless Maiden, which I completed as part of the practical component of my submission for the current degree. The final part of my discussion focuses on my own illustrations of the Grimm’s Handless Maiden and here I will argue for my illustrations as a means to, not only destabilize notions of female sexuality implicit in the accompanying fairy tale text, but also a means to suggest other, alternative, readings of the nature of the female sexual subject position implicit in the text.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die feministiese tentoonstelling van vroulike seksualiteit in sprokies se illustrasie en teks. My ondersoek analiseer die Broers Grimm se The Handless Maiden soos dit verskyn het in die 1915 Engelse uitgawegenaamd, Children and Household Tales. Hierdie ondersoek word gelei deur die aan-name dat sprokies‘n belangrike rol speel in die sosiale konstruksie van geslag verwantskappe, ‘n proses bekend as “interpellasie” in die diskoers van kontemporêre feminisme. Sprokies is van die vroegste narratiewe waaraan kinders blootgestel word en beïnvloed dus hul begrip van die wêreld, ondermeer hul sosiale rol daarin. My ondersoek begin met die fokus op The Handless Maiden se teksen hoe taal gekonstrueer word rondom ‘n spesifieke weergawe van vroulike seksualiteit. Vanuit ‘n feministiese oogpunt is hierdie seksualiteit problematies, aangesien dit as swygend en sonder agentskap aanskou word. Ek struktureer my ondersoek rondom die argumente van Judith Butler and Luce Irigaray, met klem op die rol van taal in die proses van “interpellasie”. Daarna skuif my fokusna ‘n diskoers omtrent sprokies se illustrasies en die belangrike rol van onderliggende vroulike sexualiteit wat teenwoordig is in die teks sowel as die illustrasies. My ondersoek lei dan na die vroulike figure in die foto-plakskildery van die vroeg 20ste eeuse Duitse kunstenaar, Hannah Höch. My ondersoek van vroulike figure staan dan as voorbeelde van die moontlikheid om patriargale neiging van vroulike seksualiteit te destabiliseer. Ek beoog dus om ‘n diskoers raamwerk te stig waarin ek my eie illustrasies van Grimm se Handless Maiden, wat ek as ‘n deel van my praktiese komponenet voltooi het vir my huidige tesis. Die finale deel van my tesis ondersoek my eie illustrasies van Grimm se Handless Maiden. Hier plaas ek my werk in die destabieliseering raamwerk van vroulike seksualiteit wat vanselfsprekend is in die sprokie en terselfde tyd alternatiewe lesings van die vroulike seksualiteits onderwerp bied.
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Nourzaei, Maryam. "Participant Reference in Three Balochi Dialects : Male and Female Narrations of Folktales and Biographical Tales." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314090.
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The aim of the present study is to investigate how men and women in three Iranian Balochi dialects, Coastal Balochi, Koroshi Balochi and Sistani Balochi, refer to 3rd person participants in oral narratives of two genres: folktales and biographical tales. The stories that are analysed were recorded during several field trips to Iran and the approach used is that of Levinsohn (1994, 2015). The first part of the dissertation begins with an overview of the Balochi language and its dialects, including a brief presentation of its phonology, and then reviews previous studies of Balochi, before introducing the case system and types of alignment in the three dialects. Chapter 2 introduces the reader to the status of orality in the three dialects, before giving details about the corpus of texts that were analysed. Of particular note is the fact that each story in the corpus was told by both a man and a woman. Chapter 3 examines different approaches to the analysis of participant reference, before comparing those of Gundel et al. and Levinsohn in greater detail. The second part of the dissertation applies Levinsohn’s approach to texts in each of the three dialects in turn. Chapters 4–6 identify and analyse the different ways in which the participants in the stories are referred to when the subject remains the same and in three specific situations when the subject changes. This enables default encoding values to be established for each of the four situations. Motivations for over-encoding and, in some situations, under-encoding, are then identified. Chapters 7–9 investigate whether the gender of the storyteller (male versus female) and/or the genre of the story (folktale versus biographical tale) influence the way that the participants are referred to. This leads in chapter 10 to a gender- and genre-based comparison of participant reference across the present dialects. Conclusions are presented in chapter 11. In general, the participant reference strategy used was the same in all three dialects, regardless of the gender or the genre. The main exception involved reported conversations in Koroshi Balochi, where the additive enclitic ham was attached to the reference to a subject who responded in line with the contents of the speech reported in the previous sentence. Other variations appeared to depend on the degree to which the storyteller was proficient in his or her art. The dissertation concludes with four Appendices. Appendix A presents six texts that were interlinearised using the FLEx programme, while Appendix B consists of participant reference charts of the same texts following Levinsohn’s approach. Appendix C presents details of the case system and alignment for each of the three dialects. Finally, the chart in Appendix D compares the approaches of Levinsohn and of Gundel et al. to participant reference in a specific text. A CD with audio files of the six texts and some photos taken during fieldwork is also available.
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Elkins, Anne Fleet Dillard. "Roles of Perceptions of Reference Groups, Clothing Symbolism, and Clothing Involvement in Female Adolescents' Clothing Purchase Intentions and Clothing Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77222.
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The youth market has been characterized as one of the most coveted market segments because of its spending power and tremendous potential for becoming lifetime customers (Bush, Martin, & Bush, 2004). The product market for adolescents is expected to grow to more than $208 billion by 2011, according to a report from market research firm Packaged Facts (Sass, 2007). Apparel, jewelry, and cosmetics are top product categories for adolescent girls and are important products used by adolescents to portray personal identity (Ossorio, 1995). Because of adolescents' buying power and the important role apparel plays in adolescents' lives, it is important for apparel marketers to understand the adolescent consumer market.
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between each of three independent variables (i.e., reference groups, clothing symbolism, and clothing involvement) and adolescents' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior, and whether the three variables are predictors of adolescents' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior. Reference groups are a source of instrumental and emotional support, offering adolescents a sense of belonging during their physical, emotional, and cognitive adjustment (Blackwell, Miniard, & Engel, 2001). Adolescents may have many different types of reference groups. The reference groups included in the currents study were friends, popular girls, and parents. Specifically in the current study, ninth grade girls' perceptions of friends' clothing behavior, popular girls' clothing behavior, and parents' opinions concerning clothing behavior were examined for their relationship to the ninth grade girls' clothing purchase intentions and behavior. The second independent variable was clothing symbolism. Adolescents may use clothing as a symbol (i.e., clothing symbolism) to express their actual self-concepts or to attain their ideal self-concepts (Erickson, 1983; Solomon & Rabolt, 2004). Two types of clothing symbolism were included in the study: the degree of congruity between actual self-concept and the perceived images of four outfits (i.e., actual self and clothing image congruity) and the degree of congruity between ideal self-concept and the perceived images of four outfits (i.e., ideal self and clothing image congruity). The third independent variable was clothing involvement. Viera (2009) found that young consumers are highly involved with clothing. The degree of clothing involvement may be closely related to adolescent girls' clothing purchase intentions and their clothing behavior.
A conceptual model that formed the framework for this study was developed by integrating several theories, propositions, and research findings in the literature. Based on the framework, 16 research questions were formulated. Focus groups provided input for questionnaire development, and four outfit images, one each considered sexy, conservative, springy, or sporty, were identified and included in the questionnaire. Before the main data collection, the questionnaire was pilot tested and revised. Data collection was conducted at three high schools in central Virginia, and 353 female students in the ninth grade participated. Standard and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to address the research questions.
Among the four outfit images, that with a sexy image was found to have the highest mean score for ideal self-concept, indicating that participants would most like to view themselves sexy. Results of a factor analysis for clothing involvement revealed three factors: clothing importance, clothing expressions, and clothing brand perceptions. Participants had fairly high mean scores for all three clothing involvement factors. Among those three factors, clothing importance had the highest mean. In addition, results showed that participants perceived that their friends and popular girls would most often wear the outfit with a sporty image, and they also perceived that their parents would most like them to wear an outfit with a sporty image. The sporty outfit image also had the highest mean for participants' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior among the four outfit images.
Results of one of the stepwise regressions, for the sexy outfit image showed that perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions (i.e., friends' clothing behavior, parents' opinions concerning clothing behavior, popular girls' clothing behavior), one type of clothing symbolism (i.e., ideal self and clothing image congruity), and one clothing involvement factor (i.e., clothing importance) predicted adolescent girls' purchase intentions for the outfit with a sexy image. The results for wearing clothing with a sexy image when hanging out with friends were slightly different from those for purchase intentions. For the behavior of wearing an outfit with a sexy image, the variable "perceptions of popular girls' clothing behavior" was not a predictor, but actual self and clothing image congruity was. For the springy outfit image, all the perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions and actual self and clothing image congruity were the best predictors of participants' clothing behavior; however only friends' clothing behavior and popular girls' clothing behavior were significant predictors of adolescent girls' purchase intentions for this outfit image. For the conservative and sporty outfit images, only the perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions predicted adolescent girls' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior.
In conclusion, the research findings suggest a powerful relationship between adolescent girls' perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions about clothing behavior and the girls' own clothing behavior and purchase intentions. Participants' perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions were the best predictors of the participants' clothing behavior and purchase intentions for all four outfits. Furthermore, clothing symbolism (e.g., using a sexy outfit to express or attain a sexy image) appears to motivate ninth grade girls to wear clothing with a sexy or springy image. The girls would wear a sexy outfit to portray their actual self-concepts and attain their ideal self-concepts. They also would wear outfits with a springy image to portray themselves. Additionally, the more the participants in this study considered clothing to be important, the more likely they were to purchase and wear a sexy image outfit; however the participants indicated that, of the four outfit images in the study, they most purchase and wear clothing like the sporty image outfit the most for hanging out with friends in comparison to the other three outfit images. Based on the findings, suggestions and implications for parents, educators, and marketers were provided.Ph. D.
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Rock, Marilyn I. "The export garments industry of Bangladesh with particular reference to women." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Sciences, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13589.
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After gaining independence from Pakistan in 1971, the Bangladesh state moved from a mainly state-managed sector to a privatised one based on export-oriented industrialisation. Under this policy, the production of garments for export emerged in the mid-1970s to later become the most lucrative export earner for Bangladesh, underlining the fact that it has become an important world exporter of garments. In developing into the only multi-billion- dollar manufacturing export in the country, this industry has created employment for more than a million workers most of whom are young females from the impoverished rural areas of Bangladesh. This is socially significant because, for the first time, it marked the entry of Bangladeshi women into formal manufacturing employment. This thesis attempts to examine the origins and development of this export garments industry, with specific reference to the role of women workers in this process. In so it endeavours to contextualise these issues by arguing that the changes that it endeavours can be best explained according to a Marxist class analysis and by reference to a colonial history characterised by ongoing exploitation in an emerging manufacturing sector and by ongoing resistance to such exploitation by an emerging industrial workforce. Additionally, in examining the development of this industry, the thesis also sets out to show how the industry is the product of a conjuncture of forces, including an emerging capitalist class, a weak state, foreign capital and international state formations such as GATT and the ILO.Finally, by testing some of the prevailing hypotheses in the literature that deals with third world women workers, the thesis examines the impact of this industrial development on the place of women in Bangladeshi society. More specifically, it attempts to demonstrate that, contrary to the dominant view, such workers are not necessarily passive; nor are they reluctant to engage in trade union activity. Instead, it endeavours to show that, in the case of the export garments industry in Bangladesh, the young women workers have over time learned to exercise their rights and to participate in industrial activity, largely, and ironically because the centralisation necessary for labour and quality standards has also created the conditions for the proletarianisation of the women workers.
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Okonofua, Friday Ebhodaghe. "Female and male infertility in Nigeria : studies on the epidemiology of infertility in Nigeria with special reference to the role of genital tract infections and sexual and reproductive risk factors /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-354-X/.
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Chatdarong, Kaywalee. "Reproductive physiology of the female cat : with special reference to cervical patency, sperm distribution and hysterography /." Uppsala : Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/v162.pdf.
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Hannagan, Lewis Valerie Christine. "The female body in question : a study of Monique Wittig's writings, with particular reference to L'Opoponax." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1498.
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This thesis is a comprehensive study of Monique Wittig's fiction, in which I explore the links between womanhood, sisterhood and writing. Particular attention is paid to L'Opoponax (1964), in which I argue that Wittig suggests a way out of the impasse of Freudian theories of femininity. This is achieved at all levels: stylistic, formal and thematic. I begin by defining my psychoanalytic and literary contexts (Freud, Klein and Irigaray for the former, contemporary French, English and American women's writing for the latter), in order to introduce the major debates connected with the concept of the female body and its representation in Western culture. I then show how the Freudian drama of sexual difference - namely, castration anxiety as it affects the little girl - is both powerfully evoked and systematically sidestepped in L'Opoponax, with its focus on relationships between women. Using Klein and Irigaray, I describe the problems arising within the mother/daughter dyad. I suggest that L'Opoponax hints at a healed relationship but also leaves much unsorted; this is seen to pull against the radical innovations of later texts, particularly Le Corps lesbien, accounting for some of the violence to be found there. The question of the mother versus the woman is thus not fully closed, but creates a space within which the amantes, female lovers, can begin to live and move. I end by replacing this question within its wider context as it is a crucial one for the future development of feminist writing.
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Dastile, Nontyatyambo Pearl. "Victimisation of female students at the University of Venda with specific reference to sexual harassment and rape." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01122005-103236.
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Rogers, Rene Heather. "Imagery and ideology : aspects of female representation in Roman art, with special reference to Britain and Gaul." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1135/.
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The exploration of visual imagery can provide us with a route to a fuller understanding of the perceptions and constructions of gender in Roman society. Therefore, this thesis examines different facets of the various Roman ideologies of gender and the ways in which these ideologies may have influenced visual representations within Roman culture. Two ideological facets of the construction and representation of gender are analysed: the association of women with Otherness and Nature, and the representation of women within the context of personification and ideals. A variety of examples from a range of media are examined in order to address these seemingly paradoxical constructions of femaleness within Roman culture and imagery. The ideological perception of women as both `inside and outside' of Roman culture seems to have been influential on their textual and visual representation. Also, images of women, and their portrayal in metaphors of difference, were often utilised in the self-definition of the dominant group within Roman society: elite citizen men. Finally, the examination of Roman visual imagery, specifically female representations, contributes to our understanding of the creation and maintenance of ideologies of gender within Roman culture and their possible manifestation within provincial society.
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Nicely, Stacey. "Media framing of female athletes and women's sports in selected sports magazines." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11152007-112759/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Merrill Morris, committee chair; Arla Bernstein, Jaynette Atkinson, committee members. Electronic text (95 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 5, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-90).
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Hallberg, Gunilla. "Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Hormones on the Female Breast : With Special Reference to the Expression of Proteoglycans." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-147793.
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This thesis aims to study the effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones and mammographic breast density (BD) on cellular markers in non-cancerous female breast tissue. Women on the waiting list for breast reduction plastic surgery were recruited (n = 79), and randomized to 2 months of hormone therapy or no therapy before surgery. The women had a mammogram and a needle biopsy 2 months before surgery and tissue samples were obtained at the operation. In premenopausal women, estrogen receptor (ER)α levels were associated with age (p = 0.0002), were similar in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and were higher in parous than in nulliparous women (p = 0.009). Current smokers had lower PR levels than non-smokers (p = 0.019). Women on oral contraception had lower ERα (p = 0.048) and PR (p = 0.007) levels than women in the follicular phase. The ERα levels did not differ significantly between postmenopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestogen users, but PR levels were lower among estrogen-progestogen users (p = 0.03). We found lower expression of the genes for decorin and syndecans 1 and 4 in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase, among parous women. Protein levels of the androgen receptor, syndecan-4 and decorin was lower in premenopausal women who were using oral contraceptives (OC) than in those in the follicular phase (p = 0.002 - 0.02), whereas no significant differences between OC use and the luteal phase were found. In premenopausal women, BD was negatively associated with age and body mass index but was similar for the menstrual phases. Breast density was associated with genetic expression of the androgen receptor and remained significant after adjustment for age (rs = 0.56; p = 0.04). After adjustement for age, breast density was also marginally associated with expression of the caspase 3 gene (0.55; 0.053). However, protein levels of caspase 3 was negatively associated (-0.61; 0.03).
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Schopf, Fiona Jane. "Musical gender constructs in the operas of Richard Wagner with specific reference to some of the leading female roles." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368797.
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Emara, Hala R. "The effectiveness of the English language programme in Saudi state female schools with particular reference to students of medicine." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4781/.
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Tolchard, Stephen. "Neuropeptide innervation of the dorsal vagal complex with special reference to the actions of oxytocin in the female rat." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358792.
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Sole, Christopher J., Timothy J. Suchomel, and Michael H. Stone. "Preliminary Scale of Reference Values for Evaluating Reactive Strength Index-Modified in Male and Female NCAA Division I Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6285.
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The purpose of this analysis was to construct a preliminary scale of reference values for reactive strength index-modified (RSImod). Countermovement jump data from 151 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletes (male n = 76; female n = 75) were analyzed. Using percentiles, scales for both male and female samples were constructed. For further analysis, athletes were separated into four performance groups based on RSImod and comparisons of jump height (JH), and time to takeoff (TTT) were performed. RSImod values ranged from 0.208 to 0.704 and 0.135 to 0.553 in males and females, respectively. Males had greater RSImod (p < 0.001, d = 1.15) and JH (p < 0.001, d = 1.41) as compared to females. No statistically significant difference was observed for TTT between males and females (p = 0.909, d = 0.02). Only JH was found to be statistically different between all performance groups. For TTT no statistical differences were observed when comparing the top two and middle two groups for males and top two, bottom two, and middle two groups for females. Similarities in TTT between sexes and across performance groups suggests JH is a primary factor contributing to differences in RSImod. The results of this analysis provide practitioners with additional insight as well as a scale of reference values for evaluating RSImod scores in collegiate athletes.
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au, larissa sextonfinck@uwa edu, and Larissa Claire Sexton-Finck. "Be(com)ing Reel Independent Woman: An Autoethnographic Journey Through Female Subjectivity and Agency in Contemporary Cinema with Particular Reference to Independent Scriptwriting Practice." Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100512.122302.
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Women exert only a modicum of production power in 21st century cinema despite its growing accessibility and spectatorship through the developing technologies of the digital era. In 2007, of the top 250 grossing films in Hollywood, only 10% were written, and 6% directed, by women, and just 16% contained leading female protagonists. Why, after the gains of the film feminist movement, is there such a significant gender imbalance in mainstream film, and an imbalance that is only increasing over time? More significantly, what are the possibilities and limitations for reel womans subjectivity and agency, in and on screen, in this male-dominated landscape?
As a female filmmaker in this current climate I conduct an autoethnographical scriptwriting-based investigation into female subjectivity and agency, by writing the feature length screenplay Float, which is both the dramatic experiment and the creative outcome of this research. The exegesis works symbiotically with my scriptwriting journey by outlining the broader contexts surrounding women filmmakers and their female representations.
In this self-reflexive examination, I use an interdisciplinary methodology to unravel the overt and latent sites of resistance for reel woman today on three interdependent levels. These comprise the historical, political and philosophical background to womans treatment both behind, and in front of, the camera; my lived experiences as an emerging writer/director as I write Float; and my representation of the screenplays central female character.
I use the multiple logic of screenplay diegesis to explore the issues that have a bearing on womens ability to be active agents in the world they inhabit, including: the dichotomising of female desire, the influence of familial history, the repression of the mother, the dominance of the male gaze, the disavowal of female specificity, and womens consequent dislocation from their self-determined desire. These obstacles are simultaneously negotiated as I map my process of writing Float and deal with the challenging contexts in which the screenplay was created. In the course of my scriptwriting investigation, film feminist and French poststructuralist paradigms are considered and negotiated as I experiment whether it is possible for female filmmakers, and their female characters, to overcome the seemingly insurmountable odds facing womens actualisation today.
My research brings to light the critical need for more inclusive modes of practice across the film industry, discourse and pedagogy that are cognisant and respectful of reel womens difference, and allow them to explore their own specificity. The thesis argues that it would be advantageous for female filmmakers to challenge their fixed status in phallocentric discourse, and to deconstruct their patriarchal conditioning through engagement with forms of identity and writing resistance that recognise the fluidity of their subjectivity, and the consequent potential for change. I also highlight the importance of an accessible and affirmative feminist cinema pertinent to the 21st century, to integrate feminist ideals into the mainstream, and finally bring reel woman out of the margins.
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Robinson, Melissa Aubrey. "A Man Needs a Female like a Fish Needs a Lobotomy: The Role of Adjectival Nominalization in Pejorative Meaning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157617/.
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This thesis documents the grammatical processes and semantic impact of innovative ways to pejoratively reference individuals through adjectival nominalization. Research on nominalized adjectives suggests that when meanings shift from having one property (1) to becoming a kind with associated properties (2), the noun form often encodes stereotypical attributes: [1] "Her hair is blonde." (hair color); [2] "He married a blonde." (female, sexy, dumb). Likewise, the linguistic phenomenon of genericity refers to classes or kinds and different grammatical structures reflect properties in different ways. In 1 and 2 above, the shift from adjectival blonde to indefinite NP a blonde moves the focus from the definitional characteristic to the prototypical. Similarly, adjectival gay [3] is definitional, but the marked, nominal form [4] adds socially-based conceptions of the "average" gay (example from Twitter): [3] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay man? (sexuality) [constructed]; [4] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay? … (flamboyant, abnormal). To investigate innovative reference via nominalization, two corpus studies based in human judgment were conducted. In the first study, a subset of the corpus (N=121) was annotated for pejoration by five additional linguists following the same guidelines as the original annotator. In the second study, 800 instances were annotated by non-experts using crowd-sourcing. In both studies we find a correspondence between nominal status and pejorative meaning.
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Mafunda, Patrick Siyambulela. "Aspects of the reproduction of male and female African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) with special reference to sperm biology and cryopreservation." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6551.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIn the marine environment, penguins have been described as curators and serve a critical role in ecological balance. The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) has undergone a rapid population decline, mainly due to disturbances in their natural habitat. The African penguin was up-listed from vulnerable to endangered on the IUCN Red List for Threatened Species in 2010 and thus urgent conservation action is required. Integral to long-term conservation action of any species is a basic knowledge of its reproductive biology, which is currently lacking for African penguins. The main aim of this investigation was to evaluate techniques for the collection of semen in African penguin and to determine sperm quality in order to cryopreserve sperm for in vitro fertilization (IVF) purposes of captive and wild populations. Semen was collected once a week during two breeding seasons from two captive African penguins. Ejaculates (n=51) were obtained over two breeding seasons (Jan-Feb and Jun-Oct) and evaluated for semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm vitality, sperm motility and sperm morphology. In addition twelve (six females and six males, n=4 were breeding pairs) captive African penguins were monitored for hormone (estradiol, testosterone, progesterone) levels prior to and after the egg-laying period.
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Hunt, Anne. "State policies and the social construction of female domestic labour with particular reference to the care of pre-school children, 1918-1948." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3102.
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Myers, David P. "Experiments and observations on the behaviour and brain of the aging female mouse with special reference to dementia of the Alzheimer type." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14623/.
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The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of normal aging and the additional effects of chronic exposure to two experimental diets, one enriched in aluminium, the other enriched in lecithin, on aspects of the behaviour and brain histology of the female mouse. The aluminium diet was administered in an attempt to develop a rodent model of Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT). With normal aging, almost all assessed aspects of behaviour were found to be impaired. As regards cognition, selective impairments of single-trial passive avoidance and Morris place learning were observed. While all aspects of open-field behaviour were impaired, the degree of impairment was directly related to the degree of motoric complexity. Deficits were also observed on non-visual sensorimotor coordination tasks and in olfactory discrimination. Histologically, neuron loss, gliosis, vacuolation and congophilic angiopathy were observed in several of the brain regions/fibre tracts believed to contribute to the control of some of the assessed behaviours. The aluminium treatment had very selective effects on both behaviour and brain histology, inducing several features observed in DAT. Behaviourally, the treatment induced impaired spatial reference memory; reduced ambulation; disturbed olfactory function and induced the premature development of the senile pattern of swimming. Histologically, significant neuron loss and gliosis were observed in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, medial septum, pyriform and pr-frontal cortex. In addition, the brain distribution of congophilic angiopathy was significantly increased by the treatment. The lecithin treatment had effects on both non-cognitive and cognitive aspects of behaviour. The effects of aging on open-field ambulation and rearing were partially ameliorated by the treatment. A similar effect was observed for single-trial passive avoidance performance. Age-dependent improvements in acquisition/retention were observed in 17-23 month mice and Morris place task performance was improved in 11 and 17 month mice. Histologically, a partial sparing of neurons in the cerebellum, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and subiculum was observed.
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Sexton-Finck, Larissa Sexton-Finck Larissa. "Be(coming) reel independent woman : an autoethnographic journey through female subjectivity and agency in contemporary cinema with particular reference to independent scriptwriting practice /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2009. https://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100512.122302.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2009.Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Creative Technologies and Media. Includes the screenplay, Float, by Larissa Sexton-Finck. Includes bibliographical references.
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Booi, Shandukani Thendo. "Investigating factors contributing to low female students’ enrolment in engineering fields at South African universities with reference to the Limpopo Province, Vhembe District." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97280.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Scientific research that focuses on South African females’ success in engineering is limited. The South African engineering workforce and universities have been encountering challenges in attracting and retaining as many females as possible in these fields. This research assignment seeks to advance the understanding of challenges and reasons that contribute to most female learners shying away from engineering studies at tertiary level. To achieve this, Grade 11 and Grade 12 Mathematics and Physical Science female learners from six different schools, which are in a single educational circuit, were observed and interviewed. Mathematics and Physical Science are the two subjects which are prerequisites for engineering studies at any South African higher education institution. For this reason the research focused on female learners who were studying both these subjects. This study also includes a literature review of factors affecting South African women engineers in the labour market. This includes the factors that females around the world consider before choosing a career and the reasons why females stay in their chosen careers. The findings highlight a number of variables that contribute to females’ underrepresentation in engineering. These variables include societal expectations, perceptions of females in careers that are historically male dominated, the quality of education that female learners receive at school, female learners’ performance in Mathematics and Physical Science, guardians’ support of careers chosen by female learners, learners’ knowledge of the various career streams, the use of home language in teaching subjects assessed in English, family responsibilities, and university admission requirements for engineering. Suggestions on how some of these challenges can be mitigated have been highlighted in this research assignment. The main points are: The need for career guidance workshops and companies’ exhibitions to be taken to the students’ schools where attention can be given to the students of one school at a time and companies can facilitate discussions with learners about the types of work that their companies offer. Encouraging and advocating for greater parental involvement in the students’ studies as this can reduce the number of students who do not study on a regular basis. Offering of teaching employment to candidates who fully meet the requirements for the positions they are applying for especially for core subjects like English, Maths, and Science. Adding engineering faculties to the two universities in the Limpopo Province and giving bursaries or financial aid to help school girls who want to study engineering at university Teaching school girls time management skills from an early age so as to help them know how to balance the time they spend on each subject. Further details on how some of these suggestions can be achieved are discussed in the last chapter of this research report.
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Shannon, Peggy. "Catharsis, trauma and war in Greek tragedy : an inquiry into the therapeutic potential of Greek tragedy with special reference to the female experience." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.643565.
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Falk, Lars. "Urethritis and cervicitis with special reference to Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium : diagnostic and epidemiological aspects /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med858s.pdf.
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Sexton-Finck, Larissa Claire. "Be(com)ing reel independent woman: an autoethnographic journey through female subjectivity and agency in contemporary cinema with particular reference to independent scriptwriting practice." Sexton-Finck, Larissa Claire (2009) Be(com)ing reel independent woman: an autoethnographic journey through female subjectivity and agency in contemporary cinema with particular reference to independent scriptwriting practice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1688/.
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Women exert only a modicum of production power in 21st century cinema despite its growing accessibility and spectatorship through the developing technologies of the digital era. In 2007, of the top 250 grossing films in Hollywood, only 10% were written, and 6% directed, by women, and just 16% contained leading female protagonists. Why, after the gains of the film feminist movement, is there such a significant gender imbalance in mainstream film, and an imbalance that is only increasing over time? More significantly, what are the possibilities and limitations for reel woman’s subjectivity and agency, in and on screen, in this male-dominated landscape?
As a female filmmaker in this current climate I conduct an autoethnographical scriptwriting-based investigation into female subjectivity and agency, by writing the feature length screenplay Float, which is both the dramatic experiment and the creative outcome of this research. The exegesis works symbiotically with my scriptwriting journey by outlining the broader contexts surrounding women filmmakers and their female representations.
In this self-reflexive examination, I use an interdisciplinary methodology to unravel the overt and latent sites of resistance for reel woman today on three interdependent levels. These comprise the historical, political and philosophical background to woman’s treatment both behind, and in front of, the camera; my lived experiences as an emerging writer/director as I write Float; and my representation of the screenplay’s central female character.
I use the multiple logic of screenplay diegesis to explore the issues that have a bearing on women’s ability to be active agents in the world they inhabit, including: the dichotomising of female desire, the influence of familial history, the repression of the mother, the dominance of the male gaze, the disavowal of female specificity, and women’s consequent dislocation from their self-determined desire. These obstacles are simultaneously negotiated as I map my process of writing Float and deal with the challenging contexts in which the screenplay was created. In the course of my scriptwriting investigation, film feminist and French poststructuralist paradigms are considered and negotiated as I experiment whether it is possible for female filmmakers, and their female characters, to overcome the seemingly insurmountable odds facing women’s actualisation today.
My research brings to light the critical need for more inclusive modes of practice across the film industry, discourse and pedagogy that are cognisant and respectful of reel women’s difference, and allow them to explore their own specificity. The thesis argues that it would be advantageous for female filmmakers to challenge their ‘fixed’ status in phallocentric discourse, and to deconstruct their patriarchal conditioning through engagement with forms of identity and writing resistance that recognise the fluidity of their subjectivity, and the consequent potential for change. I also highlight the importance of an accessible and affirmative feminist cinema pertinent to the 21st century, to integrate feminist ideals into the mainstream, and finally bring reel woman out of the margins.
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Brown, Brenda. "Where are the men? : an investigation into female-headed households in Rini, with reference to household structures, the dynamics of gender and strategies against poverty." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002660.
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An in-depth study is conducted into ten female-headed households in the township of Rini, an underprivileged section of Grahamstown in the Eastem Cape region of South Africa. The study provides information on the way in which such households function in conditions of poverty and underemployment. The meaning of the term 'household' is clearly defined. A household consists of a group of people, who may or may not be kin-related, but who usually live under the same roof, eat together and share resources. Household members may be absent for varying periods of time, but are still considered to have rights in the household to which they belong. The female-headed household usually contains a core of adult women who are often uterine kin. Men are frequently members of these households and are usually related to the women who form the core. Their status and roles in such households are defined and intra-household relations between household members are discussed. In this study, female headship is observed to occur in conditions of poverty when an elderly woman is widowed, receives a regular income in the form of and old age pension, and when her status as the senior member of the household is acknowledged. The presence of men in female-headed households has not been widely emphasised in other studies, either of the female-headed household itself, or in research done in this area of South Africa. An attempt is therefore made to illustrate the way in which men function in these households and the varying roles they play. An attempt is also made to describe other structures and practices which support the female-headed household in a rapidly changing urban environment. These include church membership, burial society membership, the informal economy, wider kinship networks and, in the case of the men, the rite of circumcision.
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Maddison, Isobel Judith. "The geography of gender : an analysis of female literary space with particular reference to the work of Elizabeth von Arnim, Katherine Mansfield and Dorothy M. Richardson." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620535.
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Ashley, Annette Maria. ""In this moment of alarm and peril" : female education, religion and politics in the late eighteenth century, with special reference to Catharine Macaulay and Hannah More." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1858.
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Catharine Macaulay and Hannah More are conventionally represented as ideological opposites. Through an analysis which centres on their writings, this thesis critically examines that representation, and more broadly explores contemporary perceptions of the roles of women of the middling sort in the late eighteenth century. It argues that revolution, particularly the French Revolution, created a climate wherein the duties of women became the subject of increasing debate. The discussion challenges and builds upon recent work on women's writing and history, by examining how and why the role of women changed at this time. This work is concerned with contemporary representations of women, and concentrates on analysis of primary texts and archival material over a wide range of genres, including educational treatises, plays, popular tracts, political pamphlets, historical writing and newspapers - the latter proving a major resource. Following a critical introduction, the thesis falls into four chapters. Chapter one discusses the reputation, critical reception and public fame of Macaulay and More, thereby providing insights into contemporary sexual and social politics. Women were considered arbiters of morals and manners - believed to play a vital role in ensuring social stability - and the second chapter examines how the threat of revolution led to increasing anxiety and debate about the nature of female education. The third and fourth chapters discuss religion and politics respectively, and argue that beliefs about the interdependency of Church and State, together with the feminization of religion, legitimized women's involvement in politics and enlarged their sphere of influence. 3 The conclusion argues that the political and religious climate provided opportunities for women to reassess and redefine their roles; while often remaining within parameters defined by commonly held perceptions of femininity, they politicized the domestic, extended female agency, and elevated the status of women.
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Jackson, Veronica Mary. "Metropolitan-Vickers : Arthur Fleming's influence on the origins and evolution of apprentice training and technical education, with particular reference to female college and student apprentices between 1945-1967." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/615896/.
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This thesis examines the significance, influence and limitations of the apprenticeship and technical education system which was developed between the 1900s and 1950s by the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Engineering Company under its Director of Research and Education, Sir Arthur P M Fleming. Metropolitan-Vickers was well known in the industry for its highly developed technical skills, industrial research facility and the quality of its technical and vocational education. This thesis argues that this reputation made a significant contribution to the corporate culture which Metropolitan-Vickers fostered within the company and the wider community as an organisation at the forefront of modern engineering training and practices. It assesses the significance of Fleming, the architect of its innovative apprentice training system, which replaced ‘premium’ apprenticeships with a tiered system of trade, college and schools apprentices who were intended to become skilled ‘craftsmen’ and professional engineers. This system continued after Fleming’s retirement in the mid-1950s and the thesis debates its continuing limitations for females operating in a male-dominated engineering industry in which women’s skills and competencies were questioned. Women who trained to become professional engineers faced many difficulties from the First World War until the 1960s and the thesis examines the extent to which a combination of societal pressures, cultural expectations and class issues limited the ambitions of girls who entered grammar schools in the postwar period. It focuses on the implications for the ‘exceptional’ young girls who did gain entry to the level of technical education in which Metropolitan-Vickers took such pride. These experiences are set within the context of the work undertaken by Isabel Hardwich, a physicist, largely neglected in the history of technical education, who was responsible for ‘technical women’ in the company’s research department. Hardwich played a prominent part in the Women’s Engineering Society which developed initiatives to encourage more girls into engineering and the thesis questions the extent to which these measures were, or could be, successful in a period when women’s skills were so strongly defined by broader social and cultural pressures. In so doing the thesis highlights the pressures placed on the small number of women who did develop careers in engineering, even within a company like Metropolitan-Vickers that was so intimately associated with innovative training both within the industry and beyond.
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Mc, Cafferty Robert. "An investigation into policy around street children with specific reference to street child interventions and policy in practice : the case of Ons Plek projects for female street children, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7898.
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Includes bibliographical references.To date, the South African government has not yet put in place a policy that deals specifically with street children. There is no government legislation that aims to pull together existing government departments and infrastructures in a coherent unified manner so as to close the policy gaps. The question that needs to be raised is, ""if there is no official government, provincial or national policy in place that addresses or governs street child interventions, then what are the street child interventions doing in practice?"" If they are dealing with street children and their issues on a daily basis, then surely what policies they have developed in practice could prove highly informative to shape and eventually codify and formulate a national policy. If national policy should be based on best practice, then it is worthwhile to look around at practices on the ground and begin selecting and composing such a piece of legislation. This mnor dissertation is an attempt to answer these questions.
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Thomas, Anna. "Looking Beyond the Question ?Do You Feel Safe at Home?': What Healthcare Providers Need to Know to Identify, Support, and Appropriately Refer Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25544.
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The purpose of this practice improvement project was to educate healthcare providers about Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) created a clinical handbook for healthcare providers. This handbook has guidelines on how to address IPV in a healthcare setting (World Health Organization, 2014). WHO used the guidelines to create educational seminars for healthcare providers. This practice improvement project uses Pender?s Health Promotion Model as a theoretical framework. The practice improvement project also uses the Iowa Model as a guide for design and implementation. The author held five educational seminars to educate 42 healthcare providers on the WHO?s clinical guidelines. The author also provided an informational booth at a primary care conference with information about the guidelines listed above. The author created and distributed resource pamphlets to both educational seminar and conference attendees. The attendees of the educational seminars demonstrated knowledge acquisition as a result of the educational seminar. This was determined through pre and posttests that were administered before and after each of the educational seminars, respectively. Knowledgeable healthcare providers are able to identify, support and refer victims of IPV to the appropriate care that they need. Also, as a result of the educational seminars, there was a behavioral change from how healthcare providers were currently practicing to how they intend to practice in the future. This intent to change practice could result in more case findings and referrals for victims of IPV.
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Fagelson, Marc A., and C. A. Champlin. "Auditory Filters Measured at Neighboring Center Frequencies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1581.
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Auditory filters were derived in 20 normal-hearing human listeners at center frequencies (CFs) of 913, 1095, 3651, and 4382 Hz using the roex (p,r) method. Comparisons were made between slopes of the filters' skirts at the neighboring CFs with filter output levels of 45 and 70 dB. The same comparisons were made with regard to filter equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB). In the 1000-Hz region, the low-frequency slopes (Pl) of filters centered at 913 and 1095 Hz were significantly correlated at both stimulus levels, while the high-frequency slopes (Pu) were similar only at the high test level. In the 4000-Hz region, for sinusoids of 3651 and 4382 Hz, the level effect was clearer as both Pu and Pl values diverged at the low level but were related at high levels. The ERBs centered at the same CFs displayed a similar level dependence. At the stimulus level most likely to be affected by an active feedback mechanism, auditory filters centered at nearly the same frequency displayed quite distinct frequency selectivity, and this trend was stronger in the 4000-Hz region than the 1000-Hz region. The findings suggest that a saturating, active cochlear mechanism may not be distributed evenly, or contribute to peripheral tuning with equal effectiveness throughout the length of the partition.
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Poole, Judith G. "Towards a descriptive and explanatory stylistic analysis of thought presentation in drama: with special reference to Femme Fatale by Debbie Isitt." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507931.
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Price, Fiona Louise. "The female aesthetic subject questions of taste, sublimity and beauty in women's prose, 1778 to 1828, with particular reference to the works of Clara Reeve, Sophia and Harriet Lee, Elizabeth Hamilton and Jane Porter /." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.342753.
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Gomersall, Margaret Claire. "The elementary education of females in England 1800-1870 : with particular reference to the lives and work of girls and women in industrial Lancashire and rural Norfolk and Suffolk." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006567/.
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Butler, Melanie A. Loney Bryan R. "Conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits in non-referred female adolescents." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07012004-170603.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Bryan R. Loney, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 22, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Goel, Mridula. "Gender bias and economic development in U.P. with reference to female education." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3420.
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Chiu, Yu-Chen, and 邱于眞. "A Study of the Process of Officiating Participation for Female Volleyball Referees: A Feminism Perspective." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7cdm7r.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
體育學系碩士班
102
With the time changes, the females attempt to redefine women’s rights and powers and endue women a variety of different values by adopting different discourses and strategies, and thus to break the stereotype of gender images, no matter in terms of participation in politics, sport and leisure activities. The aims of this study is to investigate the factors of obstruction and promotion of participation in officiating work continually for female volleyball referees. In addition to this, it also analyzes the significance of participation of officiating for female referees from the feminism and gender roles horizons. In doing so, the study takes the form of qualitative research by conducting in-depth interviews of eight interviewees. The conclusions were summarized as follows: the gender-role stereotypes from coaches, players and fans to the female referees, the female’s family roles and responsibilities and the limitations from their occupations are all of the restrictions to hinder female volleyball referees’ aspiration to participate in officiating work. The active propulsions to participate in officiating work continually consist of obtaining family support, positive interactive relations between referee partners, and the motivation of achievement to require self-realization.
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Lu, Pei Shuan, and 呂佩璇. "Resolution Enhancement of Chinese Reference Adult Female Voxel Model using Object Interpolation Method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90372585020166194805.
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碩士長庚大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系
100
The axial resolution of voxel phantom used in Monte-Carlo simulation usually is insufficient compare to other two directions. This resulted in inaccurate dose prediction especially against radiation from axial direction when calculating dose distribution. This research using object interpolation on 19 organs suggest in ICRP 60. The resolution in head and necks resolution get improved from 0.613 mm × 0.613 mm × 1.98 mm to 0.613 mm × 0.613 mm × 0.66 mm and 0.613 mm × 0.613 mm × 3.96 mm to 0.613 mm × 0.613 mm × 0.66 mm below neck. We used coronal view and sagittal view to check the tissues/organs continuity and appearance. The 3-dimensional view checks for artifact. The result of this research shows, in coronal and sagittal view, continuity improved in tissues edges especially in small organ. It becomes smoother and more continue after object interpolation. Comparison of total tissue volume and quality shows not much differences before/after interpolation in large tissue/organ, however in small tissues the differences is approximate to 10%. Resolution enhancement is successfully done in this research using object interpolation in CRAF phantoms.