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Journal articles on the topic 'Female subjugation'
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Even, Yael. "The Loggia dei Lanzi: A Showcase of Female Subjugation." Woman's Art Journal 12, no. 1 (1991): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358184.
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SINGH, Dr ABHA. "Love, Betrayal and Violence: A Female Subjugation in Shakespeare’s Play Othello." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 5, no. 4 (April 30, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v5i4.1914.
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Women across historical, social and religious boundaries have been pitted against the asphyxiating patriarchal norms and rigid cultural constructs which bestow power, dominance and freedom on man, and push her into the margins of both, society and domestic space. The current paper attempts to explore the mechanics of domestic violence, and its treatment in William Shakespeare’s Othello. The aim is to ascertain how the playwright addresses the issue of crime against women within the familial and social world of his times. Based on the theme of power politics within domestic hierarchy, the play not only lays bare a grim picture of domestic abuse and violence against women in matrimony, but also offers an insight into the psyche of abusers. The dialectics of power struggle in the play written in the 16thcentury is a reflection of the playwright’s sensitivity towards the existential reality of women of his times and his negation of male hegemony and criminal violence in conjugal relations. . Vishal Bhardwaj adopted Othello to make the film Omkara in 2006. Bringing the 17th century Elizabethan society in the 21st century Indian setting, Bhardwaj deftly pointed out the present scenario. There are numerous cases of a father’s restriction on daughter’s freedom of choice, brother’s threat to the sister for not to disgrace their family apart from ‘honour killing’. This continues even in the household of her ‘soul mate’ for whom she dares to defy every challenge. The predicament of modern Desdemona’s in the hand of Othello bears the testimony of Shakespeare’s immortal creation and its never ending relevance. The universality of Shakespeare is still rejoiced due to his experiment on the core region of the human psyche which fails to alter even with high-tech service or ‘progressive’ education.
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Machado-Jiménez, Almudena. "Sorority without solidarity: Control in the patriarchal utopia of Margaret Atwood’s 'The Handsmaid’s Tale'." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 15/3 (December 17, 2018): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2018.3.02.
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Despite all variables, the subjugation of the female figure has always been the constant in the conceptualisation of patriarchal utopias. To ensure that subjugation women must undergo a process of reformation and surrender into normative sororities that are at the mercy of the state. It is argued here that such patriarchal utopias involve the elimination of solidarity with and between members of the sororal collective. This ensures the isolation of women and, consequently, eliminates the emancipation of womanhood from patriarchal idealisations. Sororities without solidarity are subjected to a comparative analysis of various classical utopian/dystopian texts and Atwood’s feminist dystopia The Handmaid’s Tale in order to foreground the problem concerning the construction of normative female beings. Moreover, the figure of (e)merging women in contemporary feminist utopian/dystopian discourses paves the way for female empowerment within patriarchal society by combining sorority and solidarity.
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Sands, Susan H. "The subjugation of the body in eating disorders: A particularly female solution." Psychoanalytic Psychology 20, no. 1 (2003): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.20.1.103.
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Das, Saptorshi, and Dr (Prof) Arindam Modak. "The History of Gender Inequalities and the History of Female Struggle against Male Subjugation." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 1 (2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-191102330.
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Ailes, Marianne. "Desiring the Other: Subjugation and Resistance of the Female Saracen in the chanson de geste." French Studies 74, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knaa015.
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Bukhari, Romana Jabeen, Muhammad Ahsan, and Fatima Khan. "Female Authenticity in the Holy Woman by Qaisra Shahraz." Global Sociological Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2021(vi-ii).01.
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The purpose of this study is to discover a new identity for women. This study aims to examine a specific text permeated by a consciousness of the general cultural suppression and exploitation in societies and cultures where patriarchy subordinates' women prescribing images and roles for them and the consequent resistance and regeneration on the part of women. The researcher selected Qaisra Shahraz's The Holy Woman, which shows the subjugation of women in twenty-first-century Pakistan. This qualitative study makes an analysis of the female protagonist in the light of existentialism's concept of authenticity and records how she resists, fights, and challenges exploitation and social prescription of her identity with the result that she re-emerges spiritually and establishes her existential rights as a free and independent human being. As exemplified through this text, the resistance and mobilization against these dominant patriarchal ideologies endow the female protagonist with regeneration and spiritual uplift. Through the discussion of the exploited but spiritually heightened character, the study concludes with a new image and identity for women, exploring possibilities to break away from social prescription.
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Knox, Kelly. "3″ Golden Lotus: The Tradition of Bound Feet as Depicted in Contemporary Choreography." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 40, S1 (2008): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2049125500000649.
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The Chinese tradition of female foot binding dates back thousands of years and has had a profound impact on the status and expectations of Chinese women well into the twentieth century. This paper explores the cross-cultural collaboration between a male Chinese choreographer and a female American dancer and the intersection of metaphoric movement with female identity in Er-Dong Hu's choreographic work, 3” Golden Lotus (2007). Addressing a personal and cultural history, Hu offers a gallery of kinesthetic images that portray the imposed practice of foot binding. What is revealed is one dancer's psychological journey as she follows in the tiny and excruciating footsteps of her female ancestors, 3” Golden Lotus serves as a choreographic springboard for investigating not only the Chinese tradition of bound feet but also its counterparts in other times and cultures, all of which represent a global subjugation of the woman's body.
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Zheng, Tiantian. "Female subjugation and political resistance: from literati to entrepreneurial masculinity in the globalizing era of postsocialist China." Gender, Place & Culture 19, no. 5 (October 2012): 652–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2011.649354.
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Chakravarty, Saumitra. "Defeating Patriarchy on Its Own Terms: The Paradox of Female Chastity in Krittivasa’s Ramayana." Journal of Asian Research 3, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v3n2p70.
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<em>This essay attempts to analyze the role of women in the Bengali Ramayana of Krittivasa, a regional version of the original Sanskrit epic composed by Valmiki. It does so from the perspective of the strict code of female chastity enshrined in a patriarchal society and enforced upon its women by their male guardians within and beyond the home. While on the one hand, it is an instrument of female subjugation, this essay make an attempt to analyze how the strict observance of this code by the women in the epic, makes it a weapon of female empowerment across the different strata of society through which the text operates. The powerful spiritual energy generated in the process by these women can threaten even the most powerful of patriarchs including the epic hero Rama himself.</em>
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Asadi, Samaneh, and Razieh Eslamieh. "A Comparative Althusserian Analysis of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and Ahmad Mahmoud’s The Neighbors." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 4 (August 26, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i4.15225.
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The present study presents a comparative Althusserian reading of two novels; one written in Iran as a Middle East country and the other written in the U.S as a Western country. Both novels, The Neighbors (1974) by J.D Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye (1951) by Ahmad Mahmud, are written during the Second World War and both focus on the growth, psychological development and unconscious subjugation of a young adult facing conflicts amid socio-political or socio-cultural challenges. Reading the novels under Althusserian notions of Ideological State Apparatuses, Internal Police and Unconscious Subjugation can help deciphering the root problems of internal and external conflicts of Kahaled and Holden, the protagonists of the novels. Functioning through Ideological State Apparatuses, state power acts covertly without exerting particular force by manipulating individuals’ unconscious and culture. Despite experiencing different socio-cultural events, ultimately both characters find peace of mind in the shelter of family and a female character. The journey of transition from innocence to experience ends for Holden by finding Phoebe, his sister, as the source of solace and for Khaled by finding a beloved, the Black-Eyed.
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M, Sutha, Priya A, and Ravikumar R. "Unchanging Struggle in a Changing World: Unmasking the Social Mechanism in Female Verses." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2021.
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Despite the prevalence of gender-based theories of feminism and women language after 19 th century, several female scholars emerged from the Sangam era and sowed the seeds of this idea. The lists of the female poets are Avvaiyar, Perunkopendu, Andal, Karaikalammaiyar and present women language poets. With the changing times and the voices of various feminist rebellions, the social texture that is limited to women has not only changed, but the plight of women has increased on a daily basis. In particular, the definitions of women in the two different contexts of home and work are still unchanged. Although women are projected to have created a free space for education and economic quality, there are still women who accept subjugation as on unwritten rule. This paper is a study of women language verse, which has recorded this constant dehumanization as a weapon of language and provoking social conscience as feminism.
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López-Rúa, Paula. "The Subjugation of Women through Lexical Innovation in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale." Feminismo/s, no. 38 (July 13, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.38.02.
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Given the importance of novel formations in science and speculative fiction, the aim of this paper is to analyse a selection of morphosemantic and semantic neologisms that occur in the feminist dystopia The Handmaid’s Tale (1985), namely those items more closely connected with women’s lives. These items are gathered, classified and discussed by resorting to the tools provided by Morphology, Lexical Semantics, Onomastics and Women’s Studies. Therefore, the paper explores how new names for people (Econowives, Offred), activities (Particicution), artifacts (Birthmobile) and places (the Colonies) play a part in the linguistic task of female subjugation. It shows how in a fictional republic where gender roles and religious totalitarianism are taken to extremes, the forms and meanings of words are manipulated to enhance power relations and gender inequality, impose an orthodox frame of mind (comply with the system), and avoid uncomfortable truths. Neologisms provide a sense of authenticity in the narrative and show how language evolves to satisfy various needs, not only pragmatic, but also social, ideological and euphemistic.
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Yogisha and Nagendra Kumar. "Stepping out of the ‘Difference’: Discerning the Dalit Female Standpoint in Bama’s Sangati." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 12, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x19898454.
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The term Dalit carries, within itself, a structural negativity since its inception in every sphere of life be it political, social or economic. It encapsulates the trials and tribulations of a crushed and suppressed community, which is known as the ‘Dalit community’. Dalit literature is a manifestation of the life of Dalit community, which is nothing but a painful saga of an endless suffering. Initially, it was viewed as an all-male affair, but in recent times we have seen the emergence of very powerful narratives by Dalit females. Thus, paving the way for Dalit feminist literature with a new perspective and new ideology which can be termed as ‘Dalit female standpoint’. It unravels some hidden territories of Dalit females’ lives and talks about their situation, location and experiences. Sangati, a very powerful novel written by Bama, a Dalit female writer, stands testimony to the things mentioned above as it presents the agency and audacity of the Dalit women who question their subjugation and raise a step against the biased society. Their knowledge towards the outer world gives them a new outlook and fresh perspective on life as they re-examine gender relations as fundamental to the broader ideologies of caste. The present article seeks to explore the life conditions of Dalit females as they are caught in the vortex of caste, gender and class and their grit and resolve to survive despite all odds by harping on their oppositional consciousness.
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Soofastaei, Elaheh, and Sayyed Ali Mirenayat. "Female Body and Sexual Politics in Margaret Atwood's Selected Novels." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 55 (July 2015): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.55.154.
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Margaret Atwood is the most prominent Canadian writer. Her feminist ideology is clearly obvious in her novels. She overtly illustrates her feminism view in human rights equality and freedom of choice. Atwood's works are consisted of the fundamental freedom and human rights. In general, her fictions truly portray the women's rights that are equal to men's rights. Social constructions of gender are attacked by Atwood's novels. Her stories represent the silence and sexual discrimination in female characters. She is not only looking for annihilating of the gender system i.e. women's subjugation, but look at men and women at the same level in society. Female bodies in Atwood's point of view have been captured in patriarchal societies. Female protagonists in the selected novels explain noticeable symbols of bodily nervousness. Female characters are mostly used as objects in Atwood's stories. Women are considered as a tool or toy, as if they have no feelings, opinions or rights of their own. Body in female characters plays an important role and it is symbol of sexuality. Female body in Atwood's selected stories is under the cruel dominance by male and that is what she always tries to portray under the sexual politics. This paper aims to illustrate sexual politics though female body in Atwood's selected works.
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Nadia, Nike. "In the Name of Love: Power Relation and Revictimization on Sexual Violence Case in Courtship (Case Study of Court Decision)." Jurnal Perempuan 23, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v23i1.217.
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<p>This paper aims to explain the dimensions of inequality power relations and revictimization that occurred in a rape case by seduction in dating violence context. Using the case study of court decisions and radical feminist theory as a tool of analysis, the author argue that the narrative ‘in the name of love’ used by perpetrators of sexual violence in personal relations is actually another manifestation of the inequality of power relations and become site of female body subjugation. Therefore, forms of exploitation that use a ‘proof of love’ narrative in cases of forced sexual intercourse should be identified as part of sexual violence.</p>
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Saleem, Ali Usman, Sadaf Rasheed, and Asim Aqeel. "Intersectionality, Matrix of Domination and Female Agency in Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-i).52.
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This paper investigates how Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column presents the oppression of women in the socio-political and cultural contexts of the Indo-Pak society. Patricia Collins's views of intersectionality and matrix of domination and Wrede's concept of agency serve as a theoretical framework for this research. Intersectionality works through a matrix of domination that includes four domains of power: structural, disciplinary, hegemonic and interpersonal, which further serves to organize, regulate, maintain and internalize oppression. The study is significant as it intends to unravel the fact that in Sunlight on a Broken Column, gender is not the only factor causing subjugation. Oppression keeps on multiplying with the inclusion of several aspects of individual identity in general and female identity in particular, including age, color, creed, religion, race and sexual orientation. The research establishes that despite intersecting forces of suppression, there still is room for the female agency as the character of Laila foregrounds the fact that the existing situation can be challenged and reverted by few individuals found inside the suppressed groups.
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Hadi, Abdul. "Patriarchy and Gender-Based Violence in Pakistan." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i2.p297-304.
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Patriarchal values are embedded in Pakistani society which determines the subordinated position of women. Patriarchal control over women is exercised through institutionalized restrictive codes of behavior, gender segregation and the ideology which associates family honor to female virtue. The abnormal, amoral, and harmful customary practices which aim at preserving subjugation of women, defended and sanctified as cultural traditions and given religious overtones. Abnormal and amoral traditional practices in Pakistan include honor killing, rape and sexual assault, sexual harassment, acid attacks, being burned, kidnapping, domestic violence, dowry murder, and forces marriages, custodial abuse and torture. According to a 2011 poll of experts by the Thomson Reuters Foundation Poll, Pakistan is ranked the 3rd the most dangerous country for women in the world. This paper aims to highlight the sufferings of women in Pakistan and consider that in patriarchal societies violence has been used as a social mechanism to perpetuate the subjugation of women. Patriarchal system necessitates the violence for the sake of its existence. With the help of existing data, the gender-based violence in Pakistan has been analyzed. This paper concludes that all forms of gender-based violence are committed to ensure the compliance of women. In order to eliminate violence against women, patriarchal system has to be changed which can be achieved by strengthening the social, political and economic position of women.
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Herrera, Hannah. "Shifting Spaces and Constant Patriarchy: The Characterizations of Offred and Claire in The Handmaid’s Tale and Outlander." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 67, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2019-0016.
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Abstract Starz’s Outlander and Hulu’s The Handmaid’s Tale follow the stories of two women as they come to terms with the new spaces they are forced to enter. In the series Claire Randall of Outlander and Offred of The Handmaid’s Tale are taken from one space and placed in a new, oppressive space dominated more heavily by patriarchal norms than the one they stem from. Offred and Claire display similarities when dealing with women’s issues such as motherhood and female sexuality. The series also highlight how women must deal with shifting times and discourses regarding societal expectations of women. Due to the complexities that Offred and Claire project when confronting challenges, both women are represented as ‘difficult’ women who defy hegemonic gendered norms of female representation on television. As they experience oppression, subjugation, empowerment, and rebellion, they develop as individuals, are far from perfect, have complicated pasts, and represent how women come to terms with convoluted identities.
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Roychoudhary, Dr Mausumi. "‘Marriage: Freedom or Subjugation’: A Case Study of Paro’s Dreams by Namita Gokhale." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 5 (May 28, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i5.10589.
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The present paper searches to present a modest study of the novel of Namita Gokhale. It can be truly said that Namita Gokhale introduced herself to the world of English Literature through the novel Paro: dreams of passion and got recognition and appreciation as the best seller, as she realistically projected the elite class of Delhi. Her novel made her the talk of the town. It also aims at the exploration of the versatile personality of the author. Namita Gokhale is a world renowned Indian author and novelist known for her works in English language. She is a founder-director of the Jaipur Literature Festival along with the author, William Dalrymple, which started in 2006. Her writings often show a mixture of cultures expressed through the use of various languages. She has received numerous awards for her works. She is the author of several acclaimed novels like Paro - Dreams of Passion, Priya: In Incredible Indyaa, Gods, Graves and Grandmother, A Himalayan Love Story and Shakuntala: The Play of Memory. Her works of non-fiction include Mountain Echoes and The Book of Shiva. Her writings are unique and contributed a lot to Indian writing in English. The novel Paro: Dreams of Passion, created a stir by its frankness in the early 80s, and pioneered the sexually frank genre, which made her famous. It deals with the satire of Delhi’s upper class. Gokhale through her bold women characters talks about such society where woman is not free to lead her life in her own style. She depicts the double standard treatment for male and female, upper and lower class and the hypocrisy of the society. Therefore, Gokhale is known as woman activist and feminine writer. Her novel Paro: Dreams of Passion also deals with the same issues as it talks about the discriminations and identity crisis faced by women in society. She believes in frank narration of incidents and open heartedness. Particularly, the novel has portrayed the urge, necessity and consequences of freedom if not taken care. In a nutshell the novel is about women’s dream, emancipation and their struggle for existence.
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Kopek, Wojciech. "Elements of the Mime in Horace’s Epode “Quid tibi vis, mulier”." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 3 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH (October 29, 2019): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.3-3en.
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The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 61, issue 3 (2013).
The aim of this article is to discover the literary context for Horace’s Epode 12 by juxtaposing it with Herondas’ mimes, particularly Mime 5, titled The Jealous Woman. The description of the relationship between these works is based on the ancient theory of rhetoric and on elements of Horace’s Ars poetica. It has been established that Epode 12 has numerous features of the literary mime: it is an apparent dialogue (sermocinatio, παρῳδή) recited by a single performer (mime), most probably in the scenery of an ancient feast. A participant in the feast becomes an actor, who first performs the role of a male lover (iuvenis) and then the role of a superannuated female lover (mulier). These character types are typical of both Old and New Comedy styles, but the whole dramatic setting seems to bear the greatest resemblance to Mime 5, in which the same literary protagonists are found in a scene analogous to a lovers’ quarrel. On the one hand, specific rhetorical figures (imitatio / μίμησις) indicate that the literary original was used in a creative manner. On the other, Mime 5 can also be used in the interpretation of Epode 12. This interpretation can be built on the processes of liberation and subjugation as part of the lovers’ relationship (actual subjugation in Mime 5 and metaphorical—financial—in Epode 12, where the iuvenis is the mulier’s “kept man”).
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Brooks, Daphne A. "“All That You Can’t Leave Behind”." Meridians 19, S1 (December 1, 2020): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-8565979.
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Abstract As numerous scholars have shown, Hurricane Katrina exacerbated the already-ongoing precarity of African American communities in New Orleans. The crisis demanded a reckoning with the afterlives of slavery at the national and global level. This article focuses on the work of Black women popular music artists whose early twenty-first century recordings and stirring performances addressed the traumas, the challenges, and the spectacular subjugation of Black women who fell victim to brutal disenfranchisement in the midst of the disaster. Beyonce’s B-Day album and Mary J. Blige’s history-making Katrina telethon performance are central to this discussion. The original title of this article was “‘All That You Can’t Leave Behind’: Black Female Soul Singing and the Politics of Surrogation in the Age of Catastrophe.”
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Dow, Nardeen. "Homosocial or homoerotic: A re-reading of gender and sexuality in Harry Potter through fanfiction." Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/qsmpc_00023_1.
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The Harry Potter novels present their readers with traditional views of masculinity, male dominance and, by extension, female subjugation. Although the books may appear to portray female characters as strong and independent, the text focuses on outmoded ideas of male heroism. While many critics have discussed related topics like female power and sexuality in Rowling’s novels, this article focuses on the power structure at play and on the underlying homoerotic subtexts in the source text by making use of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s concept of homosociality. In addition, the article relies on fanfiction stories to shed light on the hidden homoerotic subtexts in the novels and examines the ways in which fanfiction allows and promotes a fluidity between homosocial and homosexual bonds between men. This article attempts to find answers to how fanfiction enables the readers to imagine male intimacy and what premises these stories consider. The article claims that fanfiction stories broaden Sedgwick’s term by combining male homosocial relationships with intimacy and non-homophobia and exposing the homosexual continuum in already written texts. The article further suggests that fanfiction can be considered a utopian place/space where male intimacy can be imagined.
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Akcesme, Banu. "Fighting Back Against the Encroachment of Patriarchal Power on Female Domains in Wuthering Heights." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 5 (July 6, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.5p.27.
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Wuthering Heights can be read as a novel of warfare against women and women-associated spaces to be conquered to prove male superiority, authority and power. This paper aims to discuss how Emily Bronte challenged not only the established Victorian literary traditions but also the prevailing ideals of the Victorian society by subverting the hierarchically constructed power and gender relations with an emphasis on various strategies employed by Heathcliff and Edgar in the war they launch against nature, property and women to conquer, possess and control domestic households, external nature and female body. Their strategies include reductionism which includes the commodification and objectification of female body, separation of women from their female bond, family and female spaces, physical and emotional uprooting which causes the loss of independence, self-confidence and positive self-image, masculinization of nature and home, brutalization through which the female characters are exposed to male violence and oppression and destruction of a sense of security, commitment and resistance. The female characters are disconnected not only from their domestic households and nature but also from female bonds. The sense of placelessness and homelessness along with the lack of female solidarity is aggravated by transforming home and the natural world into an imprisoning, dominating and tyrannical web for women. Bronte ends the novel with a hope that subjugation and subordination does not have to be the inevitable destiny for women who can fight back to restructure the existing power relations and reclaim their bodies and home along with nature turned against them.
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Rabbani, Golam. "Discrimination in “the City”: Race, Class, and Gender in Toni Morrison’s Jazz." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 5 (October 30, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.5p.128.
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Toni Morrison, the African American Nobel laureate author, explores the realities where African American women face multiple discriminations in her novel Jazz (1992). This article, following the qualitative method on the bibliographic study, examines the discriminations entailing race, class, and gender and presents Harlem as a discriminatory space in the novel. Jazz narrates the struggles of African American women who settled in Harlem in the early twentieth-century. Haunted by the memories of slavery, the female African American characters in the novel find themselves subjugated in the society dominated by white Americans and also experience oppression within their black community. Harlem, denoted as “the City” in the novel, identifies itself as the relational space where black women experience the intersecting subjugation and alienation from their race, class, and gender positions.
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Tahir, Muhammad, Aayesha Rafiq, Musab Yousufi, and Muhammad Kashif Sheikh. "Eradicating Gender-Based Violence against Female-Intimate Partner in Pakistan: A Theoretical Framework from Islamic Philosophy." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0029.
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Gender-based violence has been an enormous family and social issue in human history. Not a single country or nation is free from domestic violence and abuse against women. In particular, violence against female-intimate partner has become an endemic social issue at an alarming rate in Pakistan. Generally, it is regarded as a personal family matter and has become widely spread in the urban and rural areas of the country. Traditionally, women have to bear discrimination, subjugation, and violence in the daily routine that is grounded in the misuse of tribal traditions, social customs, and cultural norms. However, there is little focus on its assessment, intervention, prevention, and strategic solutions in the country. The present research tends to discuss violence issues relating to female-intimate partner in the Pakistani context. The findings identify that certain factors promote violence while Islamic philosophy suggests preventative measures and eradication strategies for violation and brutality against female-intimate partner. The study employs an analytical methodology using content analysis to review textual data of the Qur’an, Hadith, reports, and articles. The study approaches the issue differently from an Islamic theoretical framework and would be imperative for practical application in the protection and care of female-intimate partner in Pakistani society.
Received: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 23 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2020
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Limoudehi, Babak Ashrafkhani, and Narges Montakhabi Bakhtvar. "Anthroparchic Gynocide/Genocide vs. Capitalist Patriarchy: An Ecofeminist Reading of Zadie Smith’s “Two Men Arrive in a Village”." IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship 9, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijl.9.2.07.
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This essay examines the representations of feminine subjugation in Zadie Smith’s “Two Men Arrive in a Village” through the lens of ecofeminism. It reveals how the issue of female exploitation is considered as a correlate of the deterioration of the environment. The essay argues that Smith’s short story allows us to see how patriarchal, capitalist, and imperialist systems work in tandem to illustrate how the destruction of land and the abuse of women are part of the same ideological enterprise. It investigates the influence of industrialization and patriarchal capitalist invasion through the metaphor of raping. Domination of the marginal and objectification of the women/nature provide considerable ecological, social, and cultural implications. The interpretations prove how exploitation of nature and women, invasion, instrumentalism and class discrimination are characteristics of patriarchal system which have made a correlation between anthroparchic gynocide/ genocide and androcentric patriarchy.
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Monish V, Jibin, and Dr M. Kannadhasan. "The Struggle Of Women Against Oppression – A Study Of Nadia Hashimi’s The Pearl That Broke Its Shell." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (September 25, 2021): 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09675.
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Feminism is a liberation ideology for women since it is premised on the idea that women are treated unfairly because of their sexual identity. Feminism examines the factors that contribute to female oppression. Women’s oppression in Afghanistan is described in this report. The system of masculine oppression of women is termed as patriarchy. Patriarchy is the oppressive structure, according to this understanding. Patriarchy is a phrase that refers to a societal structure and practises in which men dominate, oppress, and exploit women. As a political framework, patriarchy tries to dominate and oppress women, limiting their ability to make decisions about their sexuality, childrearing, mothering, loving, and labouring. This research examines the subjugation of women in Afghanistan during the Taliban regime. Through this study, we can sense the struggle of women in facing the society and to live the day today life.
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Theobald, Marjorie R. "The Sin of Laura: The Meaning of Culture in the Education of Nineteenth-Century Women." Victoria 1990 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031019ar.
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Abstract In the iconography of nineteenth-century female education, the centralfigure is a woman at the piano. This figure embodies a form ofeducation, the female "accomplishments" — music, art, modern languages, literature, and the natural sciences — which was widespread in Britain by the end of the eighteenth century and which spread rapidly throughout the English-speaking world. Yet this form of education has been overlooked or dismissed by both mainstream and feminist historiography. This paper considers the rise of the accomplishments curriculum as a precursor to the emergence, late in the nineteenth century, of the “worthwhile education” of women. This earlier development, in the author's view, requires a reconsideration of that sacred cow of feminist theory, the man/culture, women/nature dichotomy. A study of the female accomplishments also illustrates the earlier rise of the enduring and oppressive myth that there is a natural affinity between the humanities and the female mind — with its equally enduring implication that there is a natural affinity between science and the male mind. Historians of the Edwardian period have noted that the rational, scientific frame of mind, which underpinned the capitalist exploitation of the natural world, was considered to be a "natural" male predilection. Feminist historians have rightly exposed the use of this pseudo-science as a justification of the contemporary intellectual subjugation of women. They have, however, failed to note that intellectual attitudes which were evident more than a century earlier, and which underpinned the emergence of the female accomplishments, ensured that women would be excluded from the great intellectual adventure of the twentieth century.
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T. U. Cohen, Josh. "GENDER IDENTITIES AND FEMINISM." Ethics, Politics & Society 1 (May 14, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.1.1.54.
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Many feminists (e.g. T. Bettcher and B.R. George) argue for a principle of first person authority (FPA) about gender, i.e. that we should (at least) not disavow people's gender self-categorisations. However, there is a feminist tradition resistant to FPA about gender, which I call "radical feminism”. Feminists in this tradition define gender-categories via biological sex, thus denying non-binary and trans self-identifications. Using a taxonomy by B. R. George, I begin to demystify the concept of gender. We are also able to use the taxonomy to model various feminist approaches. It becomes easier to see how conceptualisations of gender which allow for FPA often do not allow for understanding female subjugation as being rooted in reproductive biology. I put forward a conceptual scheme: radical FPA feminism. If we accept FPA, but also radical feminist concerns, radical FPA feminism is an attractive way of conceptualising gender.
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Gandolfo, Elizabeth O'Donnell. "Women and Martyrdom: Feminist Liberation Theology in Dialogue with a Latin American Paradigm." Horizons 34, no. 1 (2007): 26–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900003923.
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ABSTRACTIn recent decades, Latin American liberation theologians have sought to find meaning in the deaths of women and men throughout their continent who have been killed for their pursuit of God's kingdom by naming these individuals “martyrs” and correlating their lives and deaths to the life and death of Jesus. The concept of martyrdom presents special difficulties when viewed from a feminist perspective, especially since the subjugation of women has been perpetuated by Christianity's tendency to idealize women who embody “martyr-like” qualities. However, the use of this concept as a way to find meaning in the deaths of those who lose their lives in the struggle for liberation is not beyond retrieval. Feminist theologies should take into account the reality of martyrdom, which, especially in the so-called “Third World,” is a part of women's experiences in which God is present in liberating, female form.
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Chowdhury, Arpita. "Politics of choice- deconstructing the idea of marriage." Vol-6, Issue-2, March - April 2021 6, no. 2 (2021): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.62.48.
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In this paper, I have attempted to talk about the idea of marriage largely based on three different texts that are ‘Marriages are Made by Eunice D’souza, ‘Exercise Book’ by Rabindranath Tagore and ‘Kallu’ by Ismat Chugtai. The constant subjugation of the female voice is examined through various shreds of evidence. It is quite apparent that women have hardly a say in choosing their life partner and it’s the overarching dominance of the family to which the girls have to succumb. In ‘Marriages are made’ by Eunice D’souza we see the complete dehumanization of a woman who is reduced to a mere product. Tagore in ‘Exercise Book’ attempts to enquire the prospects of child marriage whereas in Ismat Chugtai’s ‘Kallu’ we see the muted gender. Hence, we will see the ways in which authors bring to fore the idea of power struggles in the gendered narrative.
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Sarkar, Somasree. "Female and Animal in Margaret Atwood‟s The Edible Woman and Surfacing." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1590.
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The philosophy of European Enlightenment has valorized the supremacy of man, owing to his rational faculty. The universal notion of human centrism is responsible for creating the „other‟, also perceived as the „lesser‟. The Western philosophy for long has upheld binaries – human/non-human; soul/body; sex/gender; man/woman and so on. Such crippling binarization has led to discriminations, claiming the dominance of one over the „other‟. It has facilitated the subjugation of the „other‟ by the assumed superior power through the politics of prejudiced representation of the „other‟. The postmodern philosophy along with feminism questions the politics of universal representation. The postmodern studies have looked into the crevices of the Enlightenment enterprise and have argued that the endeavor has been the prerogative of white males. So, it is necessary to debunk the long nourished notion by decentering (hu)man. The body of postmodern studies seeks to represent the marginal through the unprejudiced lenses of tolerance. It is important to note that any non-(hu)man – whether it is an animal or a woman, is considered to be the „other‟ of man. Both are subjected to violation by male. In the consumerist society, animals and women both, suffer from the threat of consumption. The male centric society has encroached upon the realm of animals as well as of women, depriving them of their fundamental rights of living freely and independently. The research paper critically argues the ethical violation of animals and women, both marginalized by the male dominated consumerist society. A parallel is drawn between the two “lesser-than-man” communities. To serve my purpose, I have chosen Atwood‟s novels – The Edible Woman and Surfacing. Both the novels explore the issue of woman‟s identity in the patriarchal system. The novels seek to redefine the identity of woman by identifying them with animals.
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Hallemeier, Katherine. "ANNE BRONTË'S SHAMEFUL AGNES GREY." Victorian Literature and Culture 41, no. 2 (January 18, 2013): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015031200037x.
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For much of the twentieth century, literary criticism tended to be relatively dismissive of Anne Brontë's novels. While recent scholarship has argued for the complexity of gender and class dynamics in Agnes Grey (1847), there is little consensus as to what, precisely, those dynamics are. Elizabeth Hollis Berry suggests that Agnes “takes charge of her life” (58), and Maria H. Frawley argues that her narrative is a “significant statement of self-empowerment” (116). Maggie Berg and Dara Rossman Regaignon, however, highlight the continued subjugation of Agnes in the course of her narrative. These scholars’ divergent readings demonstrate how Agnes Grey and Agnes Grey can be read both as illustrative of what Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has famously described as the nineteenth century “female individualist” (307), and as instructive of the social strictures that circumscribed this identity. In this essay, I outline how shame works in and through the novel to bridge these opposing readings.
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Lone, G. Hassan, and Wakar A. Zargar. "Revisiting Women Empowerment in Modern Era." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 9, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v9.v2.p3.
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The growth and development of human societies has been diversely analysed across the globe. The distribution and existence of human races and the progress made thereof has put both the genders on the centre stage, where, on one hand men have been shown responsible for major part of development and on the other women as deprived and neglected. This inequality between men and women is probably a most disturbing aspect of many modern societies, though gender inequity is a global phenomenon yet, it is more prominent in developing countries and countries having non-democratic governments. It is most tragic part of human development that major part of female population of present day civilization is facing persistent hunger and abject poverty simply because of their subjugation, marginalization & systematic disempowerment. But of late it is the result of awakening of women’s consciousness which has led women to re-define their roles from a subordinate, dependent and child bearing traditional women to the modern empowered women.
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Obuse. "Living Compound Marginality: Experiences of a Japanese Muslim Woman." Religions 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10070434.
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The present article discusses the ways in which ethnic Japanese Muslim women are perceived and treated in contemporary Japanese society, through a case study of one Japanese female convert. It examines the complexity found in her experiences of marginality by highlighting three inter-related modes of marginalization: marginality deriving from being a Muslim, from being a Japanese Muslim and from being a woman. It discusses her responses to these discourses of marginalization and how she establishes her identity as a Muslim, through responding to them. The article first shows that ethnic Japanese Muslims suffer ‘inverted marginality’—marginalization due to belonging to the ethno-cultural majority. It then demonstrates their experience of ‘double marginality’, marginalization by the wider Japanese society and foreign-born Muslims alike. It argues that their experience of double marginality has partly resulted from the absence of a self-sufficient ethnic community of Japanese Muslims. Ethnic Japanese Muslim women experience further marginalization when they become targets for criticism of Islam, such as that Islam is a religion of female subjugation—a notion of gender orientalism that deprives these women of their agency. However, the process of responding to these challenges of marginality helps ethnic Japanese Muslim women consolidate their identity as Muslims.
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Panguni Malar, R. "The Theme of Misogyny: A Study of the Select Plays of Vijay Tendulkar." Shanlax International Journal of English 9, S1-i2-Dec (December 22, 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v9is1-i2-dec.3692.
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This study is an investigation of the theme of misogyny as represented by the female characters in the select plays of Vijay Tendulkar. The study argues that the Indian cultural context leaves space for man to be superior and woman to be inferior. The term misogyny denotes hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women, manifested in various forms such as physical intimidation and abuse, sexual harassment and rape, social shunning and ostracism, etc. In most of the plays of Vijay Tendulkar women stand to be the objects of subjugation in the hands of their male counterparts with whom they happen to connect with in the hope of leading their normal life. Tendulkar’s plays display a wide range of complex behaviours those constitute different forms of violence – physical attacks and verbal abuses. A thorough analysis of the situations and circumstances related to women in Vijay Tendulkar’s plays reveal that the domestic, personal, political and social ambience in which the characters live in contribute them much violence physically, sexually, psychologically and verbally. As Tendulkar’s plays stand for the middle class society, the man in his plays quite often is brutal towards his female counterpart with his deep rooted ideologies. The paper’s finding speaks on how the woman characters evolve to be strong individuals amidst their adverse ambience.
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Singh, Pankhuri, and Dr Syed Wahaj Mohsin. "Imprisoned Womanhood in Nawal El Saadawi's Woman at Point Zero and Tehmina Durrani's Blasphemy: A Comparative Study." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 9 (September 26, 2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i9.10761.
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The prism of female writing has expanded itself in the current scenario. Contemporary writers have broken all the shackles of the feudal society and have come forward to make people aware of the ubiquitous and distressing condition of women. The unapologetic and unabashedly realistic portrayal of women bound in the shackles of caste and gender in Tehmina Durrani’s Blasphemy and Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero brings to surface some of the major issues concerning women’s plight. The issues of captivity, matrimony, violence, subjugation and sexism are delineated with prowess. Blasphemy and Woman at Point Zero through the narratives of their protagonists Heer and Firdaus disclose religious and patriarchal norms as a tool to subjugate and oppress women in an orthodox society. Tehmina Durrani’s Blasphemy depicts how distorted Islamic family code of conduct is thrust upon women compelling them to cohere to fundamental values of wedlock, motherhood, servitude and domesticity. Heer becomes a prisoner in her own haveli after her marriage to Pir Sain. Whereas Nawal El Saadawi in Woman at Point Zero portrays the captive life of Firdaus who is a female prisoner, waiting for her execution. The female characters demonstrate how the social, cultural and political structures are responsible for their captivity, degradation and violation.
The present paper attempts to critically study and draw comparison between the two female protagonists. Heer and Firdaus turn captives in the haveli and prison respectively, but eventually they rip off the fake mask of the society which claims to protect women behind the veil of hypocrisy, strangulating even their basic right to be treated as a human.
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Bashir, Manzar, Rida Sarfraz, Khubaib Ur Rehman, and Muqaddas Javed. "Protrusion of Simon de Beauvoir, A Propelled Portrayal of Feminism in Orlando on Elizabethan Epoch." Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jcct.21.03.
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It is a stiff known fact that in chauvinistic society, a female has been taken as a suppressed commodity. The ultimate dependence is the main factor in the marginalization of females in society. Although, in a country where the female population is more than men’s, such topics of female subjugation can be traced from the shared history. This study aims at the various factors through which the main character of the movie and novel “Orlando” has gone through the acute transformation from a weaker position to being in command and strong. This paper is based on the qualitative methodology and it will probe traces through which the protagonist is viewed through the lens of Simon de Beauvoir’s Second Sex and gender differences (Beauvoir, 1993). Complete analysis in terms of the body language from being submissive to outrageous, from vulnerable to gaining strength, this research will significantly try to scan all the aspects through which a character is transformed. This paper will also try to probe the socio-psychological factors through which an individual suffers through the anguish (Ranjan, 2019 ). The protagonist's anguish has been depicted and will be analyzed in the light of famous feminist theorist Simon de Beauvoir's “The Second Sex” (Beauvoir, 1976). While engaging and clashing for the dependability this investigation likewise examines the complexities agonized over the opportunity of enunciation of the protagonist from the two portrayals that are film and text. This examination will open vistas to contemplate the grievance forced by the financial components that pressurises a person, as far as possible, where one has to decide between giving up or revolting against the shackles of society. By the execution of Beauvoir's idea on the screen transformation of "Orlando" composed by Virginia Woolf (Woolf, 1993), the spitting image of women in Elizabethan civilization and her insurrection is illustrated. This paper is a significant effort to highlight the cobwebs encapsulating an individual and their strife to survive and breathe in the same existing world.
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Thilakan, Gayathri, and Dr Sanjay Prasad Pandey. "The Trauma of Domestic Violence: A Study of Tehmina Durrani’s “My Feudal Lord”." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i4.7999.
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The present paper is based on Tehmina Durrani’s novel, “My Feudal Lord”. The paper aims at studying various institutions like feudalism, patriarchy, religion and cultural mechanism which, according to the novelist, is the root cause of suppression, exploitation and subjugation of women in Pakistani society. The novel is a struggle by a woman towards the assertion of her identity. The present paper proposes to dismantle the existing female identity of submissive, meek, docile, weak, and passive to strong, active, speaking, and courageous as the novelist does.The main intention of the study is to emphasize the problems of women in the male dominated society and also to upgrade the condition of women. Women endures lot of physical and mental cruelties during the whole of their life in the male dominated society. Each and every woman should learn to challenge the disagreeable conceptions which have been considered as truths. Women should not tolerate violence, exploitation and subordination as part of their destiny. They should raise a voice against all kinds of suppression.
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Sahraee, O. Alizadeh, M. Yusefnejad, and Z. Khosravi. "FC26-04 - Predicting of life satisfaction with respect to early maladaptive schemas among iranian college students." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73665-3.
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IntroductionEarly maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are thought to act as templates for information processing that influence individuals’ emotional reactions to life satisfaction.ObjectivesThus,the main purpose of the present study was to predict Life Satisfaction with respect to early maladaptive schemas among Iranian college students.MethodThe research population consisted of 1700 students. Three hundred undergraduate students (150 female and 150 male) selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Short questionnaire form of early maladaptive schema (YSQ-SF) and life satisfaction questionnaire were used in this study. For analyzing the data, Pearson correlation, Step wise regression and dependent t were used.ResultsResults of correlation showed negative significant correlation between life satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas including emotional Depravation, Social isolation, Defectiveness/sham, failure, Dependence/incompetenceVulnerability To harm illness, Subjugation, Self-sacrifice, Emotional inhibition, Unrelenting Standards /hyper criticalness and Insufficient Self-Control / Self-Discipline. Only three subscales Including Abandonment/ Instability, entitlement/ grandiosity, enmeshment/ undeveloped self, showed no significant correlation with life satisfaction. Result of regression analysis revealed that among 15 schemas, emotional Depravation, Defectiveness/sham and Dependence/incompetence schemas were best predictor of life satisfaction. In addition, the results indicated a significant difference between two groups of male and female students in subdivisions such as mistrust/abuse, failure, vulnerability to harm or illness, and unrelenting standards/hypocriticalness.ConclusionsThe findings of this study show that the assessment of EMS based on Young’s conceptualization of EMS can increase our understanding about students problems and interventions should be focused on changing these schemas.
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Chhikara, Harshita, and Randeep Rana. "A Himalayan Love Story by Namita Gokhale as a Novel of Resistance by the Protagonist in Pursuit of Emancipation." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i4.10516.
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Love, especially unrequited love, has been the backdrop of numerous novels. A Himalayan Love Story by Namita Gokhale also has unrequited love as its central theme. This theme further helps to deconstruct the sexual confines of a woman, which helps her in her quest for identity. Namita Gokhale in the novel, A Himalayan Love Story, deals with the aforementioned theme presented in such a way that the familiar seems unfamiliar and we see it through a different lens, with a new perspective. She manoeuvers the classic theme of unrequited love into pursuit of emancipation for Parvati, the protagonist of the novel. Suppression of sexual desire often leads to mental illness. In this novel, not only Parvati suffers from mental but also a whole generation of females before her, for instance her mother died of mental illness. This mental illness is symbolic of subjection of women. Insanity in Parvati is suggestive of atrocities done to her by her homosexual husband and the society as well. The novel is an account of women’s tenacity, endurance and unwavering spirit against all odds. The beauty of the novel lies in the celebration of sexuality on one hand and rebellion against it on the other. The paper critically examines the subjugation of Parvati leading to her mental illness and her resistance against suppression in pursuit of emancipation and identity. The paper also tries to explore the psychological workings of the female psyche, which shapes their attitude and demeanor.
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Scent, Grace A. T., Christian Chima Chukwu, and Obuzor Mezewo Emerinwe. "The impacts of gender education on female entreprenuership: Breaking the glass ceilings for a prosperous new Nigeria." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 15 (2020): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071509.
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Gender education and entrepreneurship have become worldwide phenomena for women, particularly in patriarchy societies where all kinds of discriminations, subjugation against them are frightening realities of contemporary times. As a result, female entrepreneurship has been weighed down by poor education, social norms, and lack of access to free credit facilities. It is in this context that this paper examines the impacts of gender education on female entrepreneurship in Enugu urban, Enugu state, Nigeria. A survey design was employed and 300 respondents were selected using the simple random sampling technique. Out of this number of respondents, only 280 (90.33%) structured questionnaire were returned and analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The distribution of the respondents showed 210 (75%) were female entrepreneurs, while 70 respondents (25%) were male entrepreneurs. Among the findings, an overwhelming majority of the respondents are of the view that the female entrepreneurs are important for the socio-economic transformation of the Enugu State, and by extension, Nigeria. Secondly, the study agrees that there is hardly a society where gender stereotypes do not exist but that these aspects of the gender belief system which are anti- female entrepreneurs' development have been over taken by the power of gender education. In addition, the study shows that gender education is the most viable and veritable vehicle for guaranteeing and sustaining female entrepreneurs to continue to expand entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Thirdly, this study has presented a different picture of women making some tremendous efforts in spite of all odds cannot be underestimated because their contributions have been remarkable despite the challenges they face in their quest to transform the patriarchal Igbo society, especially Enugu State. Based on this, the study concludes that the contributions of female entrepreneurs in Nigeria's entrepreneurship development cannot be underestimated because their contributions have been remarkable despite the challenges they face. In this vein, the study suggests that gender education should be a priority to halt all forms of discriminatory practices against female entrepreneurs and in the same vein, calls for elimination of prejudices and customary practices that are based on the idea of the inferiority or superiority of either sex or on stereotyped roles for men and women. Above all, government should, through financial institutions, grant free interest loans to encourage female entrepreneurs plunge themselves into businesses to sustain the breaking of the glass ceilings.
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Nielsson, Joice Graciele, and André Giovane de Castro. "Women emancipation and human rights in "Husband", by Lídia Jorge." ANAMORPHOSIS - Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21119/anamps.61.219-245.
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In this article, we debate on the condition of women in society and their emancipation from the patriarchal system. The method used is phenomenological-hermeneutical, with qualitative approach, exploratory technique, and bibliographical procedure. The research problem is: to what extent does the domination of men manifest itself over the female subject’s body and mind with aims at hindering their empowerment through acts of violence at home? This study is justified by the need and the urgency of understanding the historical constitutions of gender identities as a social, non-natural phenomenon. The research goal is to, at first, analyze patriarchy as a mechanism of superiority for men and of subjugation, submission and subjection for women. Secondly, this paper aims at understanding women’s incorporation of patriarchal precepts as an obstacle to emancipation, confrontation and resistance to domestic violence, based on the analysis of the short story "Husband" (Marido), by Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge. In conclusion, corroborating the starting hypothesis of the article, it appears that patriarchy hinders the emancipatory potential of women and, therefore, of human rights in the face of domination and violence by men.
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Akter, Saima. "Re-reading Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House: A Modern Feminist Perspective." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 3 (April 22, 2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i3.219.
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This article aims to present a re-reading of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House from a feminist perspective. Ibsen’s play is a pioneering feminist play, and he is credited for creating the first real feminist character in the history of theatre. The central female characters are analyzed, and the article also addresses the attitude of society towards women and how they struggle to prove themselves. Feminist literary criticism and feminism constitute the conceptual framework of the paper. In this play, Nora Helmer is under the illusion that her married life is perfect and that she owns what she deserves. Torvald, her husband calls her a ‘twittering lark’, ‘squirrel’, ‘song-bird’, and she is pleased with it. However, her illusion shatters when she faces the reality of finding herself being treated like a doll. As soon as she realizes that there exists an individual self of her, she revolts. She leaves the house, challenging the social institutions which contribute to women’s subjugation. Nora protests against the ill-treatment towards her by society for her willingness to get her right back, for her self-respect, and for finding herself.
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Ávila Fagúndez, Paulo Roney, and Gabrielle Tabares Fagundez. "CARNIVORISMO E CIÊNCIA: A DOMINAÇÃO MASCULINA PERPETUADA PELO DIREITO/CARNIVORISM AND SCIENCE: THE MALE DOMINATION PERPETUATED BY LAW." Revista de Biodireito e Direito dos Animais 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/indexlawjournals/2525-9695/2017.v3i1.1967.
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RESUMO Na sociedade patriarcal moderna é patente a dominação perpetuada sobre animais e seres humanos do sexo feminino. Frente a esse contexto, o artigo busca analisar criticamente a subjugação reproduzida pelos hábitos alimentares, ciência e regulamentações jurídicas sobre os animais na sociedade ocidental. Ademais, pretende-se discorrer a respeito das reverberações que a exploração de outras espécies para alimentação apresenta quanto ao domínio realizado sobre as mulheres, bem como explorar a sua dominação pelo paradigma científico contemporâneo. Para atingir tais objetivos, utiliza-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. ABSTRACT It´s evident in the modern patriarchal society the domination perpetuated over animal and female humans. Given this context, the article intends to critically analyse the subjugation reproduced by eating habits, science and legal regulations over animals in western society. In addition, it´s intended to refer to the reverberations that the exploitation of other species for food production presents regarding the dominion over women, as well to explore the domination over them propagated by the contemporary scientific paradigm. In order to achieve these goals, the deductive approach method, the monographic procedure method, and bibliographic and documentary research techniques are used.
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Ureña, Carolyn. "Loving from Below: Of (De)colonial Love and Other Demons." Hypatia 32, no. 1 (2017): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12302.
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This article explores the implications of adopting decolonial love as a theoretical and practical model for healing the wounds of coloniality by contrasting its revolutionary potential to the damaging effects of its opposite, colonial love. The latter, based in an imperialist, dualist logic, dangerously fetishizes the beloved object and participates in the oppression and subjugation of difference. Decolonial feminist theorist Chela Sandoval's concept of decolonial love, by contrast, originates “from below” and operates between those rendered other by hegemonic forces. In its acceptance of fluid identities and a redefined but shared humanity, decolonial love promotes loving as an active, intersubjective process, and in so doing articulates an anti‐hegemonic, anti‐imperialist affect and attitude that can guide the actions that work to dismantle oppressive regimes. Literature that makes central the lived experiences of female subaltern figures works to theorize new ways of being and offers feminist philosophy a different way to understand intersubjective relation that challenges hegemonic thinking. To this end I offer a close reading of Gabriel García Márquez's underexplored Of Love and Other Demons, a novel in which the subversive power of decolonial love challenges Christian, imperialist love to foreground black lived experience and knowledge over and against the Eurocentric.
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Ghauri, Qasim Javed, Muhammad Ehsan, Quratul Ain Shafique, Muhammad Zohaib Khalil, and Atta-ul Mustafa. "Description of Subjugated Woman in ZoraNaele Hurston’s “Their Eyes were Watching God”: A Feminist Analysis." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v6i2.357.
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This study aims to explore the subjugated woman in male dominant society in ZoraNaele Hurston’s novel “Their Eyes Were Watching God”. “Their Eyes Were Watching God” has become the most widely read and highly acclaimed novel in the canon of African-American Literature. One of the most important and enduring books of the twentieth century, “Their Eyes Were Watching God” brings to life a Southern love story with the wit and pathos found only in the writing of ZoraNeale Hurston. The novel follows the fortunes of Janie Crawford, a woman living in the black town of Eaton, Florida. This study spotlights how women live under social restrained destiny; where they suffer letdown, thwarting, dismay and mocking. Subjugation against women which transcends all natural, ethnic and class boundaries. Women are mistreated by patriarchy financially, politically, socially and mentally. Where there is patriarchy, the woman is the other. She's objectified and marginalized, characterized just by her distinction from “ale standard”. All women’s activist movement specifically advances social change and women’ equality. A woman is not considered an equal, but rather the other, and thus inferior to a man. All these problems and incidents are dangerous for women’s identity. The research deals with major aspects of hegemonic masculinity, and violence against women. This research will study the threats to female identity in the light of Lois Tyson’s feministic views.
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Budji, Ivoline Kefen. "Utilizing Sounds of Mourning as Protest and Activism." Resonance 1, no. 4 (2020): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/res.2020.1.4.443.
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This paper examines how women of the northwestern Grassfields of Cameroon transpose and deploy lamentation sounds as a means of nonviolently resisting, challenging, counteracting, and controlling the audio-sphere hitherto militarized through the weaponization of the sounds of war. The main argument is that contrary to the popular narrative of African women as passive recipients of sociocultural norms and traditional political power that propagate female marginalization and oppression, African women can and do consciously draw from these same norms to achieve their sociopolitical aims. Following dark anthropology and the anthropology of resistance/activism that examine politics, power, conflict, and other grim realities of life, the paper employs a multimodal approach to illustrate how through the public performance of the sounds of mourning, the women tap into and make use of sociocultural understandings of womanhood and mourning. These sounds become an instrument that nonviolently opens a more peaceful channel for dialogue with the Cameroonian prime minister within the male-dominated political arena in modern-day Cameroon. The paper centers two integral yet often neglected elements of conflict: women and sound. Also, by examining how sociocultural instruments of subjugation can be pragmatically and ingeniously harnessed, overturned, and deployed by the victims to achieve the opposite of what these norms uphold, the paper provides vital insights about alternative forms of nonviolent resistance/activism from localized contexts within the Global South.
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Martínez-González, Marina B., Diana Carolina Pérez-Pedraza, Judys Alfaro-Álvarez, Claudia Reyes-Cervantes, María González-Malabet, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. "Women Facing Psychological Abuse: How Do They Respond to Maternal Identity Humiliation and Body Shaming?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 6627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126627.
Full textAbstract:
This research analyzes the decisions made by women facing simulated situations of psychological abuse. Seventy-three women (36.9 ± 13.6 years) who had been victims of domestic violence participated. The analysis was based on their coping strategies, early maladaptive schemes, and their decisions in response to vignettes describing the following domestic violence situations: humiliation to women’s maternal identity with children as witnesses and body shaming. We used Student’s t and Mann–Whitney tests to compare the results between groups. The participants presented some coping strategies (social support seeking, wishful thinking, and professional support seeking) and several early maladaptive schemes (emotional deprivation, defectiveness/shame, social isolation/alienation, failure to achieve, attachment, and subjugation) associated with their reactions facing a situation of humiliation with children as witnesses. When the humiliation was against the body image, their reactions were associated with some coping strategies (wishful thinking, professional support seeking, autonomy, negative auto-focus coping, and positive reappraisal) and one maladaptive scheme (defectiveness/shame). Women who reacted avoidantly showed higher social and professional support seeking but experienced higher indicators of discomfort and deterioration of self-esteem than those who opted for assertive decisions. The presence of children as witnesses seems to be a factor of stress in the configuration of coping strategies and maladaptive schemes in female victims of domestic violence. The evolution of early maladaptive schemes and coping strategies requires observation to avoid the risk of isolation and permanence in victimizing relationships.