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Journal articles on the topic 'Feminine and neuter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Makarova, Veronika. "Ex-neuter-gender nouns in Canadian Doukhobor Russian." Russian Linguistics 43, no. 3 (2019): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-019-09218-6.

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Abstract This paper addresses the morpho-syntactic forms of ex-neuter-gender of Canadian Doukhobor Russian nouns. Doukhobor Russian is a near-extinct variety of Russian spoken by a small group of elderly Doukhobors (a religious and ethnic minority of Russian origins) residing mostly in British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Alberta. While Standard Russian has three noun genders (feminine, masculine and neuter), this paper demonstrates that in Doukhobor Russian, a neuter gender erosion has been taking place, whereby ex-neuter-gender nouns have been shifting their declension paradigms mostly to femi

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2

Martin, Sara. "Hatt or si? Neuter and feminine gender assignment in reference to female persons in Luxembourgish." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 4 (2019): 573–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0022.

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Abstract In Luxembourgish, feminine as well as neuter gender can be assigned to female persons. Here, female first names are morphologically treated as neuter and therefore trigger neuter gender on their targets (e.g. definite article, personal pronoun). Last names referring to women, however, are feminine and take feminine targets respectively. While the use of neuter and feminine in prototypical and invariable reference contexts are well-known, morphological conflicts often arise regarding more complex name types (e.g. female first name + last name) leading to different degrees of variation

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3

Wang, Ziwen. "El clítico femenino la/las en las expresiones lexicalizadas del español: nueva propuesta de análisis diacrónico." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 138, no. 3 (2022): 785–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2022-0037.

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Abstract This paper deals with a set of idiomatic expressions in Spanish which typically display a non-referential feminine clitic la/las as a constituent (e.g. pasarla bien ‘to have a good time’). In opposition to the conventional mainstream theories, which account for the non-referential status of this clitic by the ellipsis of a previously existing feminine NP (e.g. cosa, ocasión), I will argue that this lexicalized feminine clitic la/las can be diachronically related to the Latin neuter plural demonstrative illa denoting abstract discourse referents, and thus its apparent non-referentialit

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4

Trutkowski, Ewa. "Wie generisch ist das generische Maskulinum? Über Genus und Sexus im Deutschen." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 59 (January 1, 2018): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.59.2018.437.

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This paper examines whether gender features (masculine, feminine, neuter) in German have to be interpreted semantically, along their specific gender, or whether they allow for a gender unrelated interpretation. As to this, two experiments with two different classes of nouns (gender marked and sex marked nouns vs. gender marked and sex neutral nouns) were conducted. The first experiment supports the view that in their function as nominal predicates masculine nouns, contrary to feminine (and neuter) nouns, have the widest extension – which confirms the existence of a ‘Generic Masculine’ (Generis

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5

Długosz, Kamil. "The Gender Incongruency Effect in L3 Swedish due to Imperfect Gender Acquisition in L2 German." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 53, no. 1 (2023): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2022-2031.

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Abstract The study examines gender incongruency effects during gender retrieval in L3 Swedish learners, which are due to gender misassignment in L2 German. Twenty learners of L3 Swedish who had previously acquired two gender systems; one in their L1 Polish and the other in their L2 German, completed a speeded Gender Decision Task in Swedish and an untimed Gender Assignment Task in German. All noun stimuli were congruent in gender across the three languages (neuter → neuter, masculine and feminine → uter). Learners who erroneously assigned neuter gender to feminine but not to masculine nouns in

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Piepers, Joske, Ad Backus, and Jos Swanenberg. "Ziej is a woman and het is a girl." Taal en Tongval 73, no. 1 (2021): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tet2021.1.piep.

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Abstract In this paper, we report on a study of gender reference in Limburgian, specifically the use of the neuter subject pronoun het ‘she’ (lit. ‘it’) to refer to a female referent. This pronoun is used in addition to the feminine pronoun ze ‘she’. We investigate the role of the referent’s social and grammatical characteristics in the variation between grammatically feminine and ‘non-feminine’ (nf; i.e., neuter and masculine) pronouns in two experiments. First, we test the effect of a referent’s age in a language production study, in which 41 native speakers participated. The results of this

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7

KOLEVA, RADOSTINA. "Common-gender Personal Names in Bulgarian: Grammatical and Pragmatic Aspects." Journal of Bulgarian Language 72, PRIL (2025): 348–56. https://doi.org/10.47810/bl.72.25.pr.24.

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This paper examines common-gender personal names in contemporary Bulgarian, with a particular focus on the formation of their plural, definite and vocative forms. These anthroponyms can belong to masculine or feminine (but not neuter) gender, as in Alex and Kris; to masculine, feminine or neuter gender, e.g. Toni, Niki and Nase(to); to masculine or neuter gender: Zhore(to), Mite(to); or to feminine or neuter gender, as in Mimi(to) and Gerganche(to). The formation of the grammatical forms of such nouns has not been the subject of detailed study in Bulgarian linguistics. These personal names fal

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8

Kerzhner, I. M. "On the gender of heteropteran generic names ending in -dema." Zoosystematica Rossica 11, no. 2 (2003): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2002.11.2.321.

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9

Millaku, Shkëlqim, and Xhevahire Topanica-Millaku. "Albanian and English language gender." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S2 (2021): 1197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns2.1614.

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In Albanian and English language we have three kinds of gender: masculine, feminine and neuter. In Albanian language the concept for gender, is: “Gjinia është një nga kategoritë gramatikore më karakteristikë për emrat në gjuhën shqipe. Nga natyra e saj, ajo dallohet nga kategoritë e tjera të emrit, nga numri, rasa dhe nga kategoritë e shquarsisë dhe të pashquarsisë, sepse i kundërvihet mashkullore-femërore dhe asnjanëse...”[1]. This Albanian citation is possible to be the similary and within English language e.g: “a grouping of nouns and pronouns into classes’ masculine, feminine and neuter”[2

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10

Hübner, Julia. "Genus und Sexus im Konflikt." Linguistik Online 107, no. 2 (2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.107.7682.

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The specialty of hybrid nouns is their different agreement according to certain features of the agreement target. They result from a conflict within in the gender assignment system. For example, the German noun Mädchen (semi-transparent diminutive for denoting a girl) is grammatical neuter but it refers to a female person. In German, nouns denoting females are feminine but diminutives are neuter. Since both rules apply, you can refer to Mädchen with a neuter (es) but also with a feminine pronoun (sie). There are different factors which influence the agreement pattern: the linear distance

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Jabbarov, Abdug'afur Abdug'aniyevich. "GRAMMATICAL GENDER IN GERMANM LANGUAG." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 6 (2023): 1453–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8107101.

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12

Vanden Wyngaerd, Emma. "Default gender in Belgian Dutch." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 35 (2021) 35 (December 31, 2021): 104–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00066.wyn.

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Abstract Grammatical gender has been thoroughly investigated in codeswitching (CS) research. When (only) one of the languages involved in CS has grammatical gender, it has repeatedly been shown that (simultaneous) bilinguals assign default gender to a codeswitched noun from a genderless language (Liceras et al. 2008; Valdés Kroff et al. 2017; Parafita Couto 2019). For Spanish, “[t]here is little doubt that masculine is the unmarked or default gender” (Harris, 1991, 43). When looking at Belgian Dutch however, the picture is a bit more complicated, as it is not clear which determiner is unmarked

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Zoubir-Shaw, Sadia. "Gender." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 111-112 (January 1, 1996): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.111-112.03zou.

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Abstract In English,inanimate referents that are not clearly defined in terms of sex-related attributes do not seem readily classifiable into feminine or masculine categories. The present study of gender use by American speakers tested the gender connotations of English inanimate referents commonly considered or perceived as "neuter". The results suggest that, when a noun is strongly connoted the natural gender rule applies, showing more salience for women than for men. However, contrary to the findings of current research, when the inanimate noun is conceived as neuter it is not necessarily l

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Eckel, P. M. "The genderof MacrocomaGrout is feminine, not neuter." Journal of Bryology 22, no. 1 (2000): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.2000.22.1.72.

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15

Konickaja, Jelena. "The International Vocabulary of Russian and Slovenian Languages: Gender Category." Slavistica Vilnensis 65, no. 1 (2020): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2020.65(1).37.

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Slovenian and Russian substantive internationalisms of different grammatical gender are compared in the present article. Five groups of internationalisms have been distinguished on the basis of the formed glossary based on the dictionaries of the two languages which includes about 450 pairs of lexemes with different gender characteristics: 1) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian masculine; 2) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian feminine; 3) Slovenian masculine ~ Russian neuter; 4) Slovenian feminine ~ Russian neuter; animated nouns constitute a separate group. The significant difference is the small number

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16

Busley, Simone, and Damaris Nübling. "Referring to women using feminine and neuter gender." Nordic Journal of Socio-Onomastics 1 (June 21, 2021): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.59589/noso.12021.14722.

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In German, gender is a strongly grammaticalized category and has the function of indicating grammatical agreement between syntactic units. Usually, each noun is assigned one of three grammatical genders. In standard German, nouns denoting women are typically feminine. However, Luxembourgish and some German dialects show a peculiarity: here, the gender of female first names and other parts of speech (e.g. pronouns) referring to women can be both feminine and neuter, depending on the nature of the interpersonal relationship between the speaker and the female referred to. In these varieties, gend

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17

Baumgartner, Gerda. "S Doris in däm wisse Fätze." Linguistik Online 98, no. 5 (2019): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.98.5933.

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In various Swiss German dialects, the feminine gender is not the sole possibility when referring to women. Under certain circumstances, the article of female first names can also be neuter, e. g. s Doris. The gender assignment of names is determined by linguistic variables such as morphology or semantics, but also by social factors like age and social relationship. Neuter names have been shown to indicate social relations and encode certain concepts of gender roles in society. Based on data from an extensive online survey and fieldwork conducted in different places of Switzerland, the affectiv

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18

Pennycook, Shaun R. "Gender of fungal generic names ending in –trema." Mycotaxon 137, no. 3 (2022): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/137.545.

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Fungal generic names ending in –trema are reviewed. Most are derived from the latinised Greek neuter noun meaning "perforation; aperture; opening; orifice." However, some are Latin feminine, with –trema referring to a relationship or similarity to Tremella.

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19

Fleischer, Jürg. "An “evasive neuter”? A study on neuter singular indefinite pronouns with human reference in seventeenth–nineteenth century literary German." Word Structure 15, no. 3 (2022): 305–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2022.0212.

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In the area of agreement with noun phrases displaying reference problems, “evasive forms” may be used to avoid problematic choices. When referring to people of more than one or unknown social gender, masculine or feminine forms might be inappropriate. An “evasive construction” solves this problem by turning to a form that is neither masculine nor feminine. A well-known example is “singular they” in English (e.g. anyone can do it if they try hard enough). In literary New High German, neuter singular forms of indefinite pronouns could be used in similar contexts. This construction is largely obs

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20

Dammel, Antje. "Evaluative Wortbildung und Personenreferenz." Linguistik Online 107, no. 2 (2021): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.107.7691.

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The word formation pattern [ __-i]N mask. in Alemannic mainly derives masculine agent nouns from verbs resulting in output semantics of ‘someone who notoriously acts in the manner of base verb’. I analyse the pattern as an instance of evaluative morphology embedded in a more general output oriented schema and propose a scenario how the pattern may have developed from an OHG hypochoristic pattern primarily used in names. In a qualitative and quantitative analysis of two dialect dictionaries on Zürich German and Bernese German I look into the possible lexical fillings of the pattern and derive a

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21

Lunkova, Yekaterina. "Derived Nouns with a Null Suffix in the Smolensk Dialect." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 4(68) (May 11, 2025): 87–103. https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2024-68-4-87-103.

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The article considers the word-formation type of verbal countable nouns in the Smolensk dialect. Russian word formation demonstrates, firstly, the difficulty of identifying implicit language units, which traditionally include the null suffix, and secondly, the peculiarity of the functioning of such units in Russian vernacular dialects. Null morphemes are distinguished in the context of a special approach to the interpretation of this linguistic phenomenon, which distinguishes them from the suffixless method of word formation, on the one hand, and from the recognition of inflections as formants

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22

Msigwa, Arnold, B. G. "Ujinsi wa nomino za mkopo katika lugha ya Kiswahili." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 3, no. 2 (2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v3i2.1382.

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Masculine, the world languages are generally categorized into two categories; masculine language, feminine language and neuter language. Many Bantu Languages, Swahili inclusive is generally categorized as neuter language; meaning that objects have on its vocabulary like noun has no grammatical gender. However, if you underscore a close observation especially on the borrowed noun, you find something different. The aim of the current article therefore is to investigate how the borrowed noun that enters into Swahili from gendered language behaves. The questions raised by this article are: first,

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23

Baumgartner, Gerda, Simone Busley, Julia Fritzinger, and Sara Martin. "Das Anna und ihr Hund." Linguistik Online 107, no. 2 (2021): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.107.7689.

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In numerous German dialects and in Luxembourgish women or girls are referred to in the neuter. This raises the question whether this is also the case for female animals. Based on data from the research project “Das Anna und ihr Hund – Weibliche Rufnamen im Neutrum”, the present article examines the gender of names and pronouns referring to dogs. Dogs today are no longer kept primarily to perform functions (guard dog, herding dog) but rather as pets and companions. This is also reflected in the fact that dogs are given names. In general, these clearly mark the sex of the dog. In the diale

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Maiden, Martin. "The Romanian alternating gender in diachrony and synchrony." Folia Linguistica 37, no. 1 (2016): 111–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2016-0004.

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Abstract Romanian has a large class of nouns characterized by masculine agreement in the singular and feminine agreement in the plural. This phenomenon of alternating gender is frequently argued by traditional grammarians of Romanian, Romance linguists, and linguist typologists to constitute a neuter or third gender, distinct from masculine and feminine. The present study argues, from close analysis of a wide range of diachronic and comparative dialectal data, that the neuter is in fact an epiphenomenon of agreement behaviour that depends crucially on the inflexional identity of the singular a

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25

Nesset, Tore. "A long birth." Diachronica 37, no. 4 (2020): 514–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.18057.nes.

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Abstract This article investigates the diachronic development of Russian numeral constructions consisting of a paucal numeral (dva “two”, tri “three”, četyre “four”) followed by an adjective and a noun. Based on statistical analysis of more than 6,000 corpus examples, it is shown that a split took place in the second half of the twentieth century when feminine nouns developed a different agreement pattern from that of masculine and neuter nouns. This split is argued to represent the final step in a long “birth process” of gender-specific paucal constructions that started with the loss of the d

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BROTHERS, DENIS J., ARKADY S. LELEJ, and DOUGLAS YANEGA. "Re-evaluation of the grammatical genders of the names “Smicromyrme” and its derivatives, and “Ephutomma” (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)." Zootaxa 5665, no. 2 (2025): 277–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.8.

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Contrary to earlier conclusions by two of the authors on the genders of some genus-group names in Mutillidae, it is determined that Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870, Erimyrme Lelej, 1985, Nanomyrme Lelej, 1977b, Paramyrme Lelej, 1977a, and Taiwanomyrme Tsuneki, 1993 are feminine, and Ephutomma Ashmead, 1899 is neuter.

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SHEHU, Eda. "THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE CATEGORY OF GENDER IN RUSSIAN IN COMPARISON WITH ALBANIAN." Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum) 23, ezs.swu.v.23.2 (2025): 66–75. https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v23i2.6.

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Noun gender, unlike number and case in Albanian, has been and continues to be studied within the grammatical system. However, it has increasingly become a subject of comparative research, particularly in relation to other languages. This study examines Russian and Albanian, focusing on both the commonalities and differences in the formation and functioning of nouns across the three genders in these languages. A key aspect of the analysis is the morphosyntactic perspective on gender, particularly the agreement of adjectives and pronouns with noun gender in both languages. For instance: (доклад)

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Alexiadou, Artemis, and Elena Anagnostopoulou. "Zero-Derived Nouns in Greek." Languages 8, no. 1 (2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010013.

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In this paper, we investigate zero-derived nouns based on irregular verbs in Greek. This is an under-explored area in Greek morpho-syntax, and in this paper, we will make three main contributions. First, we will discuss the fact that the overwhelming majority of these nouns are feminine, while neuter nouns are considerably less represented and masculine nouns are almost nonexistent. As feminine is taken to be the semantically marked gender in the case of animate nouns, asserting female sex, and neuter is argued to be the default gender in Greek for inanimates, the fact that zero abstract nouns

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Kilarski, Marcin, and Piotr Gąsiorowski. "Gender and numeral classifiers in Modern Nepali and their Proto-Indo-European analogues." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (2020): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4722.

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Proto-Indo-European (PIE) had two grammatical genders (common and neuter); the feminine was a shared innovation of the non-Anatolian part of the family. Using comparison with Modern Nepali, we argue that the puzzling feminine forms of the numerals ‘3’ and ‘4’ in Celtic and Indo-Iranian, and possibly also some similar constructions in Latin and Old Irish, are survivals of a system of numeral classifiers predating the full gender system. They contain the feminine element * s(o)r-, grammaticalized as a numeral classifier in PIE. A similar situation is attested in Nepali, where grammatical gender

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Manolescu, Amelia, and Gonia Jarema. "Grammatical gender in Romanian-French bilinguals." Mental Lexicon 10, no. 3 (2015): 390–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.10.3.04man.

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We explored the way grammatical gender is represented in the bilingual mental lexicon in order to determine whether the grammatical gender of the first language (L1) affects the production of nouns in the second language (L2). Furthermore, we explored the representation of the Romanian “neuter” gender to see if it is distinct from the masculine and feminine. Romanian-French bilinguals were tested using a picture-naming task in L2 (Experiments 1 and 2) and a translation task from L1 to L2 (Experiment 3). Participants had to use either a bare noun (Condition 1) or a noun phrase (Condition 2). Re

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Rovai, Francesco. "Between Feminine Singular and Neuter Plural: Re-Analysis Patterns." Transactions of the Philological Society 110, no. 1 (2012): 94–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.2012.01286.x.

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Czerwonka-Wajda, Zuzanna, Dorota Klimek-Jankowska, Edyta Błachut, Joanna Błaszczak, and Anna Borkowska. "Grammatical gender and stereotypical gender associations with inanimate nouns in the ‘Germanic sandwich’." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 32 (December 2, 2021): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.32.12.

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This pilot study is a contribution to the theoretical debate on the impact language has on general cognition. More specifically, we applied a Word Sketch collocator (an innovative NLP tool operating on large-scale corpora) to collect human adjective collocations of masculine, feminine, and neuter inanimate nouns in German, Dutch, and English to see whether there is a correlation between the grammatical genders of inanimate nouns and the adjective collocations most frequently used to describe those nouns. Later, in a series of online questionnaires, we examined the impact of grammatical gender

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Lionnet, Florian. "The gender system of Laal." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 74, no. 2 (2021): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2021-1031.

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Abstract This paper describes the gender system of Laal, a language isolate of Chad. Laal has a strictly semantic, partly sex-based gender system making use of three semantic features: [±human], [masculine/feminine], and [±abstract], defining four genders: human masculine, human feminine, neuter, and abstract. Gender is covert on nouns; it is marked only on agreeing pronouns and functional words. The morphological marking and structure of the gender system is different in pronouns and functional words. Seven agreement classes are defined by various conflations of gender and number categories i

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Eliasson, Pär, and Marc Tang. "The lexical and discourse functions of grammatical gender in Marathi." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 5, no. 2 (2018): 131–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2018-0012.

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AbstractWe provide a functional analysis of the grammatical gender system of Marathi (Indo-Aryan) in Western India. The majority of the new Indo-Aryan languages typically classifies each noun of the lexicon according to biological gender as masculine and feminine. Only a few Indo-Aryan languages such as Marathi diverge in terms of agreement pattern by categorizing nouns as masculine, feminine, and neuter. Yet gender in Marathi has not been extensively described in terms of functions. We thus use apply functional typology to analyze grammatical gender in Marathi and provide detailed examples of

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Bösiger, Melanie. "Der onymische Artikel im Schweizerdeutschen in seiner Funktion als Genusmarker." Linguistik Online 107, no. 2 (2021): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.107.7693.

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In Swiss German dialects first names are commonly used with a preceding article. Historically, the function of these so-called onymic articles was to show the name’s case. They first arose when inflection of first names had been omitted and case was thus no longer expressed in suffixes. The data gathered in 2016 in an online survey for the research project “Das Anna und ihr Hund” indicate that today the function of reflecting the case is hardly relevant. However, it is important to the speakers to emphasize the nameʼs grammatical gender. The three grammatical genders in (Swiss) German are femi

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Baechler, Raffaela. "Humanness in the 3rd Person Singular Personal Pronoun in Alemannic Dialects." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 30, no. 4 (2018): 307–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542717000150.

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This paper surveys the emergence of the categoryhumannessin the 3rd person singular personal pronoun in Alemannic (southwest German) dialects. The first part shows that some Alemannic dialects have developed a human/nonhuman distinction in the 3rd person singular neuter personal pronoun: a marked form encoding the human direct object has emerged. The emergence of this form can be explained by the differential object marking hypothesis. The second part reports on a pilot study of the 3rd person singular personal pronoun in Sense Alemannic on the basis of new data. In this dialect, humanness is

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Sotiropoulou, Maria-Sofia, and Stuart Cornwell. "Grammatical gender correspondence between French, Greek, and Spanish nouns." Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 5, no. 2 (2023): 231–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.26510.

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Analyzing the extent to which grammatical gender corresponds between languages contributes to an understanding of language processing in the multilingual mind and guides teaching and learning methods. The present study provides a perspective on this by examining the bilingual and trilingual grammatical gender correspondence between nouns of two Romance languages, French and Spanish, and Greek. Here, correspondence refers to any combination of genders for nouns of the same meaning in translation. The samples considered comprise frequently spoken nouns, nouns of similar ending, and loan nouns of

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Irgasheva, Dilnoza Makhsudjonovna. "MANUAL FEATURES OF WORDS DENOTING A SIGN IN THE CATEGORY OF ADJECTIVES." Results of National Scientific Research International Journal 3, no. 4 (2024): 30–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10938723.

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Usually adjectives form word combinations with nouns or pronouns of the matching type, i.e. one word in such a phrase is the main one and defines the grammatical categories of the second word, therefore all grammatical categories of adjectives depend on the grammatical categories of nouns or pronouns. Adjectives can be defined by grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), case, as well as the degree of comparison – a category that is typical for adjectives and adverbs.

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Irgasheva, Dilnoza Makhsudjonovna. "ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ АГЛОМЕРЦИЙ ТАШКЕНТСКОЙ И ФЕРГАНСКОЙ ДОЛИНЫ". Results of National Scientific Research International Journal 3, № 4 (2024): 170–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11099437.

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Usually adjectives form word combinations with nouns or pronouns of the matching type, i.e. one word in such a phrase is the main one and defines the grammatical categories of the second word, therefore all grammatical categories of adjectives depend on the grammatical categories of nouns or pronouns. Adjectives can be defined by grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), case, as well as the degree of comparison – a category that is typical for adjectives and adverbs.

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Klein, Andreas, and Kristin Kopf. "Der s-Plural im Alemannischen." Linguistik Online 98, no. 5 (2019): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.98.5928.

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It is commonly agreed that the plural -s has become a part of Standard German inflection, yet in dialects such as Alemannic it is often seen as an intruder. We challenge this view based on data from a written survey amongst speakers of Swiss German dialects. Our analysis of pluralised loanwords (e. g. Mango) and abbreviations (e. g. WG ‘flat share’) shows a strong effect of both speakers’ age and grammatical gender that points towards a progressive integration of the plural -s into the dialectal system. While masculine and neuter nouns can express number syntagmatically (using articles t

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Sazonova, Yaroslava Yu, and Olena A. Oleksenko. "EVALUATIVE POTENTIAL OF GRAMMATICAL GENDER ASYMMETRY IN UKRAINIAN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MEDIA DISCOURSE." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, no. 29 (2025): 234–50. https://doi.org/10.32342/3041-217x-2025-1-29-14.

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This study aims to define the peculiarity of grammatical gender asymmetry in the modern Ukrain- ian language in socio-political texts to highlight the factors contributing to the expression of certain im- plied pragmatic meanings, as well as to identify these meanings. In this research, we set the following tasks: to review what evaluative pragmatic potential the grammatical category of gender in the Ukraini- an language has; to reveal which implied communicative meanings the violation of the categorial gram- matical norm actualises in social and mass media texts on socio-political issues (spe

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Skrzypek, Dominika. "The present participle and gender assignment in Swedish." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 31, no. 1 (2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsp-2021-0004.

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Abstract The paper considers gender assignment of deverbal nouns, originally present participles, in Swedish. The perspective is diachronic. The corpus consists of a choice of Swedish texts from 1225-1732. The results show that nouns denoting entities ranking higher in the Animacy hierarchy show tendencies to be placed in the utrum gender (originally masculine and feminine genders) and nouns denoting mass, collective or abstract referents to be assigned neuter gender. This tendency is visible throughout the history of the Swedish language.

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Busley, Simone, and Julia Fritzinger. "Neutrales Rufnamengenus zwischen Grammatik und Pragmatik." Linguistik Online 107, no. 2 (2021): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.107.7690.

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In numerous German dialects and in Luxembourgish, female first names can take on both feminine and neuter gender agreement, thus leading to gender variation on a paradigmatical level and gender mismatches on a syntactical level. This is contradictory to canonical conceptions of gender systems and can be interpreted as a case of degrammaticalization. Here, grammatical gender has been refunctionalized as a socio-pragmatic marker which indicates the age and status of the woman referred to as well as the speaker’s relationship to her. In some varieties, regrammaticalization of gender assignment re

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Dargiewicz, Anna. "Wie äußert man sich gendergerecht? Kontrastive Bemerkungen zur Movierung im Deutschen und im Polnischen inspiriert durch den Genderdiskurs." Prace Językoznawcze 24, no. 1 (2022): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pj.7603.

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The aim of the article is to discuss the ‘motion’ word-formation process in German, andcontrast it with a correspondent word-formation process in Polish in order to presentrelevant similarities and differences between the two languages visible in the collected empirical material. Both languages under analysis have created semantic as well ascultural and social groundwork enabling the development of the ‘motion’ word-formationcategory. This process has been motivated primarily by debates taking place bothin Germany and in Poland which referred to the ways languages should respond to genderissue

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BORDAG, DENISA, AMIT KIRSCHENBAUM, MARIA ROGAHN, ANDREAS OPITZ, and ERWIN TSCHIRNER. "Misbehaved masculines: Incidental acquisition of grammatical gender in L2 German during reading." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 1 (2017): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000608.

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The present study explores the early stages of incidental acquisition of grammatical gender during reading in German as a second language (L2) using a self-paced reading paradigm. The results show that advanced L2 learners are sensitive to gender agreement violations after as few as three to four exposures to a novel noun within a short text. The results also indicate that the acquisition of grammatical gender from syntactic context is gender dependent: Whereas gender violation effects were observed for feminine and neuter nouns, no such effects were observed for masculine nouns.

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Skrytska, Natalya. "Structural features of masculine, feminine, neuter and generic nouns in English linguistics." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.1.2019.97.

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Greidanus Romaneli, Miriam, Ivo H. G. Boers, and M. Carmen Parafita Couto. "Gender in Dutch/Portuguesecodeswitching." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 35 (2021) 35 (December 31, 2021): 131–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00067.gre.

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Abstract This study focuses on unveiling the strategies involved in gender assignment in codeswitching between two gendered languages: Dutch (common/neuter gender) and Portuguese (masculine/feminine gender). We draw on naturalistic speech (n = 32 speakers), elicited production (n = 35) as well as intuitional data (n = 57) from Dutch/Portuguese bilinguals stemming from three communities in Paraná, Southern Brazil, aiming to disentangle the relative roles of linguistic and extralinguistic factors on gender assignment. In unilingual Dutch, we find that Dutch/Portuguese bilinguals overgeneralize c

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Bekmurodova, Zarnigor, and Dilya Kadirova. "SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF GENDER IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL: LEARNING AND TEACHING 1, no. 1 (2024): 55–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11120362.

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<em>English and Uzbek both incorporate gendered pronouns and occupation titles, yet they diverge significantly in their treatment of grammatical gender, gender agreement, and language structure. Unlike English, which lacks grammatical gender for nouns, Uzbek assigns nouns into masculine, feminine, and neuter categories, impacting agreement patterns. Uzbek often indicates gender through suffixes or affixes, contrasting with English’s reliance on word order and context. Cultural influences also shape gender expression in language differently in each case. These distinctions emphasize the n

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Romanenko, Olha. "Morphological combinatorics of folk diminutives in the lullabies of Greek, Serbian and Ukrainian languages." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 24, no. 2 (2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2021.252111.

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The article focuses on morphological models of combinatorics of diminutive suffixes in lullabies in Modern Greek, Serbian and Ukrainian. A method of computer and targeted sampling of folklore diminutives in lullabies in the studied languages was developed.The "Multi Text Finder" software was adapted for computer and targeted sampling of diminutive suffixes in electronic texts of lullabies in Modern Greek, Serbian and Ukrainian and their search was performed according to the following algorithm: search location (document) was selected; diminutives in each language were loaded to search; words w

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Abdurakhimova, Takhmina Tokhirjonovna. "LEXICAL EXPRESSION OF GENDER IN ENGLISH." International journal of word art 5, no. 6 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7393889.

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This article is dedicated to "gender linguistics" from the new directions of linguistics. The article reveals the difference between the concept of "gender" and the concept of "sex". The lexical representation of gender in the language is analyzed on the example of the English language and its specific features are shown. Gender relations exist in the language in the form of culturally conditioned stereotypes, which leave traces in the process of verbalization depending on the gender identity of the person and the process of his linguistic socialization. In the fo

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