Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Femmes dans le développement économique'
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Iskandar, Jouli. "Le rôle des femmes dans le développement économique et social des pays en développement." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT4002.
Full textIn this thesis, we develop a reflection on the contribution of the women to economic and social development, in particular in the developing countries. We focus on the one hand on the difficulties that the women face and which prevent their active participation in economy, on the other hand on the importance of the policies of insertion of the women in the saleable output for the development. In spite of the fast increase in the level of education of the women and their rate of participation at the job market, most between them remain victims of professional discriminations. The wages of the women are still lower than for men for the same work. The entry of the women on the job market has consequences on all the aspects of the economic and social life. The paid work of the women accelerates the growth and supports the exit of the poverty. There are two parts in this thesis. The first part presents the inequalities between women and men concerning education, wages, work and unemployment. It focuses primarily on the role of women’s paid work in the development of the developing countries. The second part will supplement the first part by two statistical tests. The first test measures the principal factors of women’s difficulties and the relation between the level of development of a country and the degree of equality between men and women. The second test measures the relations between women’s economic activities and the economic growth. It appears that the improvements of the economic activity due to participation of women are more important during the emergence of the economies than they are in industrialized economies. The opening of the economic world and social to th
Touré, Marèma. "Femme, genre et initiatives de développement en Afrique sub-saharienne : théories et pratiques." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010580.
Full textHow to construct theories and practices who take into account gender disparities in the global process of development, particularly in Sub-Saharian African societies ? This is the principal question raised by the thesis. Since the origins, the development discours and actions has been fundamentaly build in a gender blind perspective. The multiples pressions of the feminists activists and the action of some institutions including the united nation organisation have improve it. Many theories have been developed to adress the issue of women and development. The object of the thesis is to analyse the differents approches from "welfare" to "women integration in development" (WID) until "gender and development" (WAD). The first part of document includes the research problematic. It also defined the principal concepts and the methodology. The second part describes the global situation of african women. It reminds the principal steps of the internation women movement and analyse the context of the participation of african women into the development initiatives. Also, the experience have shown that there is a big gap between discours and practice. It is why the last part includes two case studies related to women's projects who have been implanted in senegal. The conclusion resumes the mains lessons and try to formulate some recommandations
Beauzile, Fabienne-Jessy. "Éléments d'analyse économique de la contribution des femmes au développement des pays d'Afrique sub-saharienne." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D022.
Full textThe subsistence activities omitted in the statictics of production, incomes and employment are largely women's work. The assumption that males are house hold heads and breadwinners is one of the main reasons why women's work and their maintenance of their children is usually overlooked. The underestimation of women's activities in different fields leads to the under-allocation of resources and opportunities to women and programmes that affect them. The lack of joint conjugal funds, the segregated patterns of conjugal role relationships, the organisation of domestic groups in subsaharan africa lead to a considerable autonomy of wives. Women take part in the food strategy. The traditional division of labour by sex gives them a quasi-monopoly on growing, processing and selling their products. Low prices allow poor urban consumers to survice but prevent most women from getting a real independance. Women are kept apart the labour market : social patterns lead to segregation more than discrimination because they allow them neither to get the same educational level nor the same jobs as males
Dao, Faty. "Le rôle socio-économique de la femme dans la lutte contre la pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Mali." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0055.
Full textTo analyse the situation of sub-Saharan African women their status in both social and economic should be considered. The eradication of poverty has been one of the priorities of the international community for a long time. The strategies chosen on the international and the national level are far from unanimous. The disparities existing between women in urban environments, and rural areas, are particularly striking as they oblige women to accept precarious conditions, given their vulnerablity. A theoretical framework oriented towards new concepts will enable economists to analyse this fight against feminine poverty and better take into account all the economic instablity and frailty with the inclusion of human dimensions. We shall question the integration of women in development. Can the consideration of women in the various development policies contribute to a better fight against poverty? Is the implication of women in this fight necessary and sufficient for long lasting social and economic development?
Faye, Adji Astou. "L'espace économique et social de la femme dans une région du Sénégal : Kaolack." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100052.
Full textAmetepe, Kossi Fofo Senyo. "Transformations familiales et contribution économique des femmes : effets sur les rapports de genre dans les familles togolaises face à la crise." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100023.
Full textIn contrast of other sub-Saharan African societies, in Togolese society women activity are more valorised or sometimes demanded and women contribute highly in household expenditures. 'Me socio-economics crisis held in Togo sine the last decades, have questioning the men economic's capacity in the household. In the same time, women trought differents strategies as pluriactivity grew their economic autonomy and became in several households the main responsible of expenditures. Furthermore, marital patterns change and show that women have more autonomyto choice their husband. This context offers an opportinuity for women to have more power in décisions making or to participate in importants decisions in the household. This situation has analysed throught the complex gender relationships in the couples with family structure datasets and longiditunal data. One of the particularity of this research is the use of couple as statistic unit along the analysis. Matrimonial patterns affect few women's responsibilities in the couples. On the other hand, women's economic contribution are important to access for decision making in household. Active women and those who contribute more than husband, say they made more decisions. However, men don’t recognize that and then claimed all decisions. Generally, men, even the inactives, say they make decisions witch need money expenditures, and women the others decisions. The economic power is not the one key for women to have autonomy in decisions making and equalitity status in the couples
Ba, Halimatou. "La participation des femmes dans les groupements économiques en milieu urbain dans le secteur des pêches à Dakar." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23862/23862.pdf.
Full textDady, Roger. "Coopératives agricoles et développement socio-économique au Bénin, cas de la coopérative agricole des femmes dans la commune rurale de Allahé." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38059.pdf.
Full textLimbourg, Mireille. "Valorisation par les projets de développement du rôle socio-économique des femmes en Afrique dans une perspective de stratégie alimentaire : opportunisme-opportunité ?" Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070135.
Full text1st part : description of evaluation criteria for projects launched to meet various recommendations on women's labour and their integration in the "development" process. This objectieves can be ensured and the exploitation of the concerned community can be avoid only by a clear choice of a rural integrated development. Many obstacles eitersocio-economic or political play against this will when programms are implemented. 2nd part : a thorough anthropo-economical analysis is the only way to reveal the origin and reasons of the underlying danger of the exploitation of the concerned community. In disturbing the natural evolution process of the production "relationships" and thus the sexual labour division (competitivity - complementarity) by the modification or substitution of the normal social labour's actors, the possibility of exploitation arises. 3rd part : the case studies don't constituted an analysis support but illustrate the several types of promotors and ways of elaborating projects
Fauveau, Aurélia. "L'intégration des inégalités de genre dans la politique des ONG humanitaires et des organisations internationales : étude de cas de deux ONG." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0039.
Full textFighting the gender gap is one of the biggest international goals to eradicate poverty and attain development. Indeed, economical literature found significant links between the gender gap on the one hand, and growth and development goals on the other hand. Furthermore the UN made an international frame to promote women: gender equality became one of its first priorities. All this explains that International Organisations, and first of all the World Bank, redefine their international politics toward women since the mid nineties. Humanitarian NGOs which cannot be ignored on the international scene, participate in fighting poverty and inequalities too. Because they are especially efficient in their action, we question ourselves about their position in fighting the gender gap : -Did NGOs understand the impact of the gender gap on poverty and the importance of integrating women into development?-Do NGOs integrate the gender dimension into their actions in order to reduce the gender gap and then offer additional tools to development and growth?
Bouchard, Nathalie. "Les hommes gagnent-ils à soutenir l'égalité des sexes en milieu de travail ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24804/24804.pdf.
Full textSaussey, Magalie. "Les organisations féminines au Burkina Faso : limites et paradoxes des dispositifs de valorisation d'un produit local, le beurre de Karité." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0154.
Full textNew policies against poverty bring about, in Burkina Faso, the implementation of national and international development programs aiming at increasing the value of a local product derived from a specifically female work, shea butter. Based on socio-anthropogical research in the provinces of Kadiogo and Gournla, a complex social , dynamics in which Burkinabe women producers are, is questioned. In this local arena, various processes and ( systems which have contributed to the emergence of female organizations manufacturing shea butter in accordance with international markets requirements and constraints, are contextualized. Then, various organization levels (groups, unions, associations) that allow women access to a new socio-professional status and the improvement of their economic living conditions are identified. Hence, the research shows that the women' s commitment and participation in those co-operatives do not at the end produce the desired results. Their best skills or quality production in shea butter is denied. Hence, their improvement in terms of poverty eradication and socio-economic equity become unattainable
Sagna, Marie Rosalie. "Impact de la microfinance sur l'empowerment des femmes et la lutte contre la pauvreté dans la région de Ziguinchor." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26051.
Full textThis present research examines the impact of microfinance on the transformations of the economic, social and political status of the women in the region of Ziguinchor, situated in the southwest of Senegal. The examination covers the social representations which they have of the poverty and the strengthening of their power to act (" empowerment "), at the individual, family and collective level. It is also interested in the strategies developed by the women to meet the requirements of the microfinance. To seize better the logics which base choices and actions of the women, we opted for a qualitative methodology. It is based on structured interviews. Our sampling is non-probability by reasoned choice centered on a voluntary basis. Our criteria of inclusion are the age, the experience and the place of residence. The study was conducted with thirty women and with eight members of staff of organizations of microfinance. The data were also collected by of our observations and secondary sources. The theoretical approaches of "gender and development" and "strategic actor" guided this study. These put the women in the center of the analysis of the relationships of power and the social change. They helped to understand the logics of the women, their représentations, life experiences and strategies, in particular their subjective experience. We can observe three different situations within the results. The first is related with the persistence of a multilevel poverty linked with the large monetary level and the lifestyle conditions level too. The second one shows a limited impact on the empowerment of the women and the living conditions in their families. The third one explains how the economic and political context of Ziguinchor limits the empowerment of women and the improvement of living conditions in their household.
Yattara, Maïmounatou Altini. "Accroître l'autonomisation économique pour soutenir l'empowerment des femmes rurales au Mali : étude de deux structures collectives féminines de la région de Koulikoro (l'association «Musow jigitugu-ton» des productrices de farines infantiles de la commune de Toubacoro et l'union «Si yiriwa» des productrices de beurre de Karité du Cercle de Dioïla)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27948.
Full textRural women in Mali are essential actors in agriculture, which is the most important field of the country’s economy. To promote inclusive development and women’s economic empowerment, the Malian government and local municipalities have set “self-promotion centers” to promote rural women empowerment. This study examines the self-promotion centers of the association "Musow jigitugu-ton" of Toubacoro and the union "Si yiriwa" of Dioïla. The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of economic empowerment activities in women's empowerment. Using a qualitative approach, individual interviews and focus groups were carried out with 31 women, 1 manager and 10 managers of the partner organisations. The results indicate that activities of the centers improved women economic empowerment who are members, but efforts are still needed to manage the income generated by women in order to maintain their self-promotion. The results also show that economic empowerment is a vehicle for the empowerment of rural women. However, this process is still very much affected by the male dominance deeply integrated by women. Partners' approaches are failing in this regard and some measures must be taken to integrate gender approach in all actions if self-promotion centers are to fulfill their roles. Keywords: women economic empowerment, women empowerment, self-promotion center, rural women, male dominance.
Sylvanus, Nina. "Des fils enchevêtrés : Les commerçantes togolaises dans les réseaux mondiaux du textile." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0241.
Full textThis thesis seeks to analyse the changing nature of trade in Togo by addressing three variables : a trade network, a commodity and a group of female entrepreneurs. To address the economical and political deterioration of contemporary Togo - a period notably characterized by the reorganization of those three elements - it is necessary to consider the seemingly resulting "disorder" in terms of a set of entangled continuities and discontinuities. The dissertation seeks to provide a critical geography of the spatial connections at work, which women traders have established from the central market in Lomé on a local, regional and international level so as to move beyond the oscillations of the economic situation. By reassessing the formation and evolution of textiles networks, the supply chain, and female entrepreneurial culture, this study attempts to explore the global interconnectivity and processes through the lens of global filters. Rather than to consider the reorganization of the global economy and its consequences on Togolese trading spaces as resulting from the process of "late modernity", this thesis seeks to explore the multiples shifts that are at work in the process of recomposition
Sarr, Ndeye Faty. "Impacts des microcrédits de l'Union des Mutuelles pour la Mobilisation de l'Épargne et le Crédit (UM-PAMECAS) sur les conditions économique et sociale des femmes : "Empowerment" ou instrumentalisation?" Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25759.
Full textThis qualitative study deals with the effects of microcredits on the economical and social Empowerment of women. Therefore, we conducted the case study of l’Union des Mutuelles-Partenariat pour la Mobilisation de l’Épargne et le Crédit au Sénégal (UM-PAMECAS), a microcredit organization which started its operations in the mid 1990s. Several sources of data were constructed from interviews, participant observation and documentary sources. Thus, we interviewed 40 women and UM-PAMECAS microcredit beneficiaries, 13 of them being employees of the organization. The perspective of the global approach was adopted in this research. It has allowed us to analyze and understand the characteristics, operation, and economic and social impact of the spread of microcredit as a mechanism or mode of development in women. In order to measure the effects of microfinance on beneficiaries, we used a central concept, namely the emancipation of women. Based on the different definitions of the concept of Empowerment and its indicators, we developed our model for analyzing the economic and social Empowerment of women who are beneficiaries of UM-PAMECAS microcredit. The results indicate that women’s access to microcredit has fostered economic Empowerment of women with the strengthening of their professional activities and financial autonomy. However, this economic Empowerment is undermined by both ideological and structural factors. As far as the effects of microcredit on the social and political Empowerment are concerned, they are rather weak mainly due to the permanence of the traditional way of regulating social relations between the sexes. Keywords: Microfinance, women, development, Empowerment, Senegal, UM-PAMECAS.
Gagné, Annabelle. "La migration et le développement dans une municipalité maya du Yucatán : Des possibilités envisageables, une accessibilité relative." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30247/30247.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is about the effects of economic globalization on a highly marginalized rural population. More specifically, it examines the relations between development and migration in a municipality of Southern Yucatan, in Mexico. The author tries to reveal what fosters or hinders people to participate in development projects and to migrate toward national destinations or to another country. Gender, ethnicity – more specifically language capabilities –, and socioeconomic status are important elements for understanding participation in those activities. The most excluded women, targeted by development agencies, seem to be unable to take part in the projects and they migrate with more difficulties. Ethnicity also plays an important role. In the community of Chacsinkín, almost everyone speaks the maya language, but Spanish as a second language is a facilitating factor for participation in development projects and migration. Finally, participation in development projects and migration is influenced by socioeconomic status and are easier for those who are included in the most powerful political and economic networks.
Brodeur, Abel. "Essays in Applied Economics." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0099.
Full textThis thesis applies quasi-natural experiments to test insights from economic theory, The primary focus is to test economic theories in the fields of health and urban economics using data from developed and developing countries. The second chapter documents the development of the Thai sex industry over the past decades and shows that uncertainty about quality leads to the concentration of firms. In addition, I also analyze in another chapter whether taxes or bans of addictive goods may affect agents' utility. I study whether smoking policies could affect smokers' well-being. I find that the introduction of a smoking ban has a negative impact on smokers' life satisfaction just before the introduction and a positive impact afterward. The fourth chapter verifies whether neighbors' income affect well-being. Neighbors' income may affect well-being through many channels and the strength of those channels may depend on the size of the. Locality. The results suggest that the effect of neighbors' income on well-being is driven by income comparisons and amenities. The fifth chapter analyzes the impacts of child care subsidies on parents' labor force participation and health. We find that child care subsidies have large and positive effects on the self-reported well-being of lower-educated mothers. These positive effects are also felt on health measures such as a good sleep and lower stress. This last piece of evidence is consistent with a Second Shift hypothesis. The sixth chapter focuses on research transparency in economics and documents how incentives to publish affect the distribution of test statistics
Bayo, Soumahila. "Microcrédit et genre dans un contexte de pauvreté en haute Guinée." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20126/document.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is the understanding of the mechanisms of the development of microfinance in relation to gender issues in Upper Guinea, in the republic of Guinea. Indeed, the examination of social relations in Upper Guinea suggests gender disparities to the detriment of women. They are disproportionately affected by many socio-economic, cultural, and political inequalities: they have little or no involvement at all in the decision-making process; they have very low levels of education and training in comparison to men; they have no control over productive and economic resources (trees, fruit trees, mines, fishing, among others). This situation results in the devaluation of their social status, significant domestic workload, and above all, women’s generalized impoverishment. Confronted with this reality, some women adhere to the logic of borrowing, which is based on micro-credits in order to start, strengthen or diversify income generating activities in the trade, crafts and agriculture sectors. For the purpose of further exploring that issue, this dissertation attempts to analyze the effects of microfinance on women’s life in this region of Guinea.Using a methodological approach, which is primarily qualitative, the examination of field realities shows that microfinance is not a miracle solution to fight poverty among women and gender inequalities. It may just as well produce opposite effects resulting in the worsening of their economic and social situation (over-indebtedness, poverty, migration, exclusion, divorce, prostitution, exposure to HIV/AIDS)
Woo, Suk-Hoon. "Croissance économique et concept de limites dans la pensée économique." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100080.
Full textTibari-Hannou, Khadija. "L'égalité dans les rapports sociaux de sexe au service du développement : le cas des élu(e)s des collectivités territoriales et du capital humain du Ministère de l'intérieur au Maroc." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENE018/document.
Full textImproving the conditions of women and men is accompanied by the emergence of different approaches and economic theories. This new situation has also led to an exchange between the North and South. Thus, the economic and theoretical corpus has been enriched in favor of developing countries in particular. Despite the efforts that have been made terms of equality of gender relations and changing laws, it is still difficult to identify this equality in the development. This thesis is part of development economics. Its main objective is to seek the equality of gender relations and their implementation for development in Morocco, through the experience of elected local authorities and the human capital of the Ministry of the Interior. The first part presents the general theoretical framework of economic approaches that are essential for our work of doctoral research. The second part describes the methodological and mobilized tools through the capabilities approach, human capital and discrimination. This section attempts to present the development from below by the role of elected local authorities and development across the top officials of the Central services of the ministry of interior so as to practice the equal gender relations
Pandjo, Boumba Luc. "Analyse économique de l'élite dans le développement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020135.
Full textThis thesis aims at integrating in an explicit way, the power and its incarnation, the elites in the dynamic of development. This dynamic is understood as the articulation of power, accumulation and control of work. According to this point of view, underdevelopment is perceived in terms of hegemonical incompetence. Thus, the starting point is a question is a question on how the elite, generic category, is taken account in the theories of development. The discourse aims to systematize the differenciation of the elite, as the "perequisit" of development. The "functionalist" angle of talcott parsons recontrusts the evolution of social systems as a movement implying a differenciation of the social sub-systems. Therefore, development, modernity, occur, in the same time they favoured by the emancipation, the automization of economical sub-system, in complete accordance with karl polanyi. At this point, the analysis will consist in observing, to which extend and how is the specific economical elite, established in sub-saharian africa. This will lead us to caracterize the utilitarian function of the man of power, the homo eliticus in the transitional spheres. This function can be outlined by its lexicographical nature, the unlimited growth of utilities, the sub-optimal increase of those regarding production are as many features faring with the demand of development
Danadji, Issac. "Le pétrole dans le développement économique du Tchad." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE0506.
Full textZaoual, Hassan. "Du rôle des croyances dans le développement économique." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12020.
Full textEl, Mahjoubi Khadija. "Éducation, croissance et développement : analyse théorique et vérification empirique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24006.
Full textIn the context of this thesis, we have tried to determine the impact of the education on the development of Morocco. The thesis is divided in two parts, the first one exposes microeconomic approach of the relationships between "education-salary" developed in the Economy of education of the 1970s. The synthesis of the literature also reports the macroeconomic approach of the relation and widens in Paul Romer's more recent works for which, the new engines of the growth are the knowledge and the technology. In the second, after describing the organization of the Moroccan educational system with reminiscences of the economic system and demographic context of this country, we evaluate from the Moroccan data the impact of the education on the growth of this country. Two econometric models were investigated, the first one which is the Single Equation Model, is dedicated to the study of the link between the educational levels and the economic growth. In the sense of this analysis, important results are in line, notably as for the importance of the role of the primary and secondary education in the Moroccan growth or that of the parity between both sexes as pivotal for the development. The results of the second approach (by the method of cointegration of Johansen, 1995) suggest that except the long-term relation which exists between the education, the population growth and the growth, there is also a long-term causality where the economic growth affects the education and the decline of the fertility. Indeed, the possibilities of investment and the improvement of the situation of the individuals, in particular the women, on the labour market, they encourage them to put a lot into the education and to participate more in the working population
Ouarma, Issouf. "Croissance économique et gouvernance dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCG004.
Full textNo abstract
Sadqi, Mohamed. "Émigration temporaire et développement économique dans le pays d'origine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27884.
Full textBentabet, Mohammed. "La création d'entreprise dans un milieu économique en développement." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090014.
Full textProceeding from a theoretical and empirical study of the creation of new enterprises, and faced with an assessment of the theory of development at he beginning of the nineties, this research work leads to a relatively original, so called full-scale, conception of development. The theoretical study of the creation of new enterprises comes to the conclusion that it is possible to reduce all effective creations to a single process called "potentiality of the creation of enterprises", and made up of five focal aspects (psychosociological and cultural, economic, financial, technological, and external), which are linked to each other by a kind of compensation substitution. The empirical study undertaken on the moroccan case, is divided into a field survey on effective creations between 1985 and 1989 on one hand, and an attempt of computation of the annual rate of the creation of new enterprises between 1978 and 1986 on the other hand. The evaluation of the theory of development at the beginning of the nineties has been made according to a particular method hinging on seven teachings wich are considered as pratically certain. The substance of full-scale development is double and consists of both the satisfaction of the needs of the community concerned, and the fulfilment (in the meaning of personal fulfilment) of its human and material resources. Its tangible content
Destrée, Nicolas. ""Remittances" et activité économique dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0628.
Full textSince the twentieth century, migratory flows have largely increased entailing financial flows - named remittances - from immigration areas to emigration areas. These transfers that migrants send to their families in their home countries may empirically lead to positive or negative effects on physical and human capital. This thesis aims at explaining this mixed evidence in developing countries.The first chapter underlines the negative impact of remittances on capital stock but also on labour supply. Due to this additional income in their last-period of life, agents have less incentive to work and save. Remittances may bring economies closer to their golden rule of capital accumulation or further from their golden rule according to their features. A taxation policy is provided in order to maximise the welfare in the home country of the migrants. The second chapter extends the analysis to open economies facing exogenous credit constraints on the international capital market. Even if remittances reduce incentive to save, these flows may increase investment in physical capital in some countries, through capital inflows, by directly relaxing the credit constraints. The third chapter considers a growth model with human capital accumulation in which agents borrow to finance their education. Borrowing constraints are, in this non-commitment framework considered as endogenous: agents may choose to default and are excluded from the financial market in case of default. In accordance with empirical literature, this model is able to explain a negative or a positive impact of remittances on economic growth
Chtourou, Nouri. "Essai d'analyse économique de l'État dans la problématique du développement." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0037.
Full textBasdevant, Olivier. "Des inégalités et de l'éducation dans la croissance." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010036.
Full textThis thesis studies the relation between inequalities education, and growth, at individual level and country level. A first part analyses the interaction between R&D and education, and then the problem of under-development trap. A second part analyses educative policy
Bisilliat, Jeanne. "Les femmes dans les sociétés du sud : la cassure du savoir." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010693.
Full textThe thesis main line rests on gender relationships in two field research, Africa and Brasil. It is the study of poor women's exclusion from the point of view of anthropology of change and epistemological position based upon the links between social weakness and factors of change. Chapter I starts on the problem of the observer in a comparative way. Chapter II and III describe various types of social construction as well as the discovery of the invisible actor (women). Chapter IV tells the history of gender relationships and development, makes the analysis of the reasons of women's invisibility in development as well as in social sciences and demonstrates that their introduction forces on reconsideration of some categories such as submission, dependency rebelion. This dialectic movement creates a tenseness between two knowledges linked to feminism and development. Chapter V shows that maternity and lack of mobility go on subduing women but that their participation in popular movements allows them to escape from cultural constraints and to have access to politics and citizenship
Krecké, Elisabeth. "Le critère d'efficience dans l'analyse économique du droit." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX32029.
Full textThe acknowledgement of the importance of a profitable cooperation among economic and legal sciences lead us to the study of the first systematic economic analysis of law which applies standard economic tools to the study of legal phenomena. In the descriptive as well as in the normative version of this theory - initiated in the united states by common law posnersocial efficiency is a central concept. After developing arguments to show why this theory is built on an inadequate methodological framework, the present research is a reflexion on the appropriate methodological foundations of an economic analysis of law which allows for the ethical dimension of law
Attila, Gbewopo. "Corruption, fiscalité et croissance économique dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486440.
Full textAccoce, Jean-Vincent. "Globalisation et politique économique nationale dans les pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40013.
Full textGazdar, Kaouthar. "Institutions, développement financier et croissance économique dans la région MENA." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIME002/document.
Full textThis thesis examines (i) the impact of banks and stock markets on economic growth (ii) the effect of institutional quality in determining financial development and (iii) how institutional quality affects the finance-growth nexus in the MENA region. To this end, we construct a yearly institutional index for MENA countries. Applying the generalized method- of-moments (GMM) estimators developed for dynamic panel data for a sample of 18 MENA countries over 1984-2007 period, we find that both bank and stock market development are unimportant or even harmful for economic growth. Considering both a panel data and the instrumental variable (IV) approaches of estimation, our results outline the importance of institutional quality in determining financial development in MENA region. Moreover, our results show that institutional quality affects the finance growth nexus in MENA countries. In fact, it mitigates the negative effect of financial development on economic growth. Therefore, our results provide empirical evidence that in order for financial development to contribute to economic growth, MENA countries must possess certain level of institutional quality. Examining the non-linear effect of institutional quality on the finance-growth nexus, our results show that banking sector development and growth exhibit an inverted-U shaped relationship. However, we do not find the same pattern in the stock market-growth relationship
Ben, El Hadj Ali Ihsen. "La privatisation dans les pays en développement : l'efficacité économique recherchée." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0023.
Full textIn post independence era, the development strategies which have contributed to the government a main role to promote development, during the eighties and following the debt crises, a fundamental change in the government role thought has occurred. This widespread ideological change in the thought of government role within economic development process enabled us to take a new look on the private sector as a principal growth engine. In fact, even if it is necessary, in order to ensure the highest efficiency level, the ownership transfer from public to private is not, in general, a sufficient condition. Privatization efficiency benefits could be related to other logics than those of ownership change. Particularly, competition extent and market regulation conditions and, more generally, macroeconomic environment constitute the economic results’ key factors. Besides, efficiency gap between public and private enterprises in general is due to a labor cost differential vs. Public enterprises resulting from the presence of syndicate. In addition, even if privatization constitutes frequently a factor of social dissatisfaction, the evaluation of its employment achievement within public services enterprises, where the monopolistic entity status is often followed by an overstaffing, is, however, difficult. In general, the sale of public enterprises is part of a structural adjustment process where each component has an employment impact, and thus, a difficulty in isolating privatization particular effects. The real challenge is to get through a better division of responsibilities and factors between public and private sectors in order to benefit an advantage from each one and to get over their respective limitations. Hence, it is necessary to get beyond traditional approach consisting of giving separate tasks to public and private sectors. It is more convenient to consider, from now on, that public authorities and private sector are partners rather than rivals
Bob, Ibrahima. "Les stratégies participatives des femmes urbaines dans les associations de développement au Sénégal : le cas de l'Association pour le développement des femmes avicultrices de Pikine (ADEFAP)." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0016.
Full textAbdaimi, Mohamed el. "L'intermédiation financière publique dans la politique de développement du Maroc." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10045.
Full textThe world economic crisis, which is characterized among other things by a heavy debt on the third world, more than ever implicates the processes of financial intermediation, between the nations as well as inside the economies considered individually. This research has attempted to resume the evolution of the theory of the development financing, to research firstly its methodological foundation and secondly its practical consequences. It has also study the activity of financial intermediation, essentially public, within the general articulation of the financial policy of morocco. The bringing to light of a deap desarticulation of the latter, and of a "financial repression" has led the study towards the search of a new strategy able to conciliate the present and future constraints of the world financing system and the […]
Aouragh, Lhaocine. "L'Intégration du facteur démographique dans la planification du développement en Algérie." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0063.
Full textFor a few years, the demographic growing of the algerian population, which in the context of an economic criss became of the rareness of the wags of the satisfying the needs, spontaneously assessed to be an obstacle to the rise of the stadart of living, has became part of the political priorities of the country. Ever since, the state has done its best to reduce the fertility rate. Overing to the inerty of the demographic phenomena, it would be a total illusion to side with the reduction of the mortality rate, even if the happened to be confirmed in the future, it would lower the change of the population on the efforts on the economic development. This would be nothing but igoring the automatic effects of the changes occuring in the structures. Besides, we can't offered to forget about the consequences which would certainly entail a decrease of the natality rate of the population. The industrial options, the reglection of the agricultural development, the repartition of the investments, a bad planification, according to us, just as many factors which explain the feeble results of the production and, therefore, the economic crisis. Finally we will understand that it is wrong to assert that the situation in which algeria find itself, is due to an uncontrolled demographic increase or of an imporpriate orientation of the nothing but the effort of the development. These two elements were linked and entail difficulties which can be considered as part of the crisis
Yabi, Olakounlé A. Gilles. "Investissements directs étrangers et croissance économique dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF10277.
Full textThe thesis tackles the issues of the determinants and the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing countries. By bringing successively into the analysis the lessons of economic history, the main theories of foreign direct investment and the particular experience of Sub-Saharan African countries with FDI during the 90's, the first three chapters isolate the factors which dictate the allocation of FDI within the developing countries. The three following chapters examine the influence of FDI inflows on the host countries both at the industry and the macroeconomic level before showing the results of an econometric analysis of the relationship between FDI and economic growth based on the data from 57 developing countries averaged over the 80's and the 90's. The results show that the predicted positive effect of FDI is not systematic. FDI acts as a catalyst for productivity growth only in the small group of developing countries already distinguished by outstanding economic performance. .
Violin-Savalle, Maryse. "Images croisées de la femme romantique à travers la littérature et la peinture, en France, de 1765 à 1833 : esquisse, genèse et développement d'une typologie imaginaire." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030065.
Full textThe object of this research work is to study feminine characters in french literature and figures in history or genre painting between 1765 and 1833 ; it compares and links them together so that their common specific features are brought out in order to define a romantic woman type, its significance in artists' and writers' imagination of that period, as well as the originality of this dreamed woman if compared to feminine images in previous and following centuries
Bouchta-, Khachani Saliha. "Le rôle de l'industrie minière dans le développement économique du Maroc." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100078.
Full textThe thesis deals with the contribution of the mining sector to the social and economic development of morocco. It tries to apprehend this contribution through the analysis of the economic impact of the mining sector on the national economy. This impact is evaluated by the use of returned value method. The undertaken analysis shows the general weakness of the contribution of the mining activity to the economic development; a weakness which worsens with the mineral industry crisis under the double effect of the world economic crisis and current technological and industrial changes. This situation has induced the author to question even the future of the moroccan mineral industry
Bursztyn, Marcel. "Le Rôle économique de l'Etat dans le développement agricole au Brésil." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIE0006.
Full textThe study starts with a theorethical approach of the state, taking in consideration the points of view of some classical authors. The next step is a reconstruction of Brazilian history; showing the genealogy and evolution of the relations between federal and regional powers. Economic, social, political and spatial effects are then analysed, as a consequence of state's planned action in the north-east region. The specific cases of rural credit, incentives to cooperatives, great irrigation projects, polarized development programs, official antidraught programs, etc, are then focused in order to confirm the initial hypothesis that if the public action in the studied region is not worth in strictly economic terms, it is a very important tool for the continuation of the present pattern of legitimation. The main study has been complemented by these other documents: the first focusing the relation between the debt and the crisis of Brazilian agrarian model; the second analysing the interface crisis-political change; and the third demonstrating the tendencies of state intervention by means of organizing new human settlements
Bouguerba, Ali. "Les difficultés de l'agriculture dans la stratégie algérienne de développement économique." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE002.
Full textDupraz, Yannick. "Le développement économique en Afrique dans le temps long de I'histoire." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0084.
Full textContending that the current economic situation of African countries south of the Sahara can partly be explained by their colonial past, this thesis studies Africa's economic development in the long run of history, notably through the comparison between French and British colonialism. The first chapter studies dynamically the functioning of colonial states in West Africa, using a new database on colonial public finances in 4 British and 9 French colonies. The second chapter analyses French and British colonial legacies in education, using the division of German Cameroon between the French and the British after World War I as a natural experiment to identify the effect of colonizer identity and its evolution throughout the 20th century. The third chapter ask what explains the decline of polygamy in West Africa in the 20th century, using the boom in public education expenditure in Cameroon in the 1950s to identify the effect of women's education on marriage market outcomes
Alaoui, Moulay Mamoune. "Le facteur démographique dans le processus de développement économique du Maroc." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10001.
Full textHiba, Mohamed Ibrahim. "Guerres et développement économique dans les pays du Centre Est africain." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21031.
Full textPrasad, Naren. "Stratégies de développement dans les petits États insulaires." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020029.
Full textDémier, Francis. "Nation, marché et développement dans la France de la Restauration." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100117.
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