Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Femmes – Éducation – Congo (République démocratique)'
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Tshibilondi, Ngoyi Albertine. "Genre, éducation et développement: enjeux de l'éducation de la femme en Afrique. Cas des femmes congolaises au Kasaï." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211220.
Full textMalu, Muswamba Rosalie. "L'accession des femmes congolaises au savoir dans une perspective historique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17977.
Full textOboa, Régine. "L'esprit d'entreprise des femmes congolaises : le cas de l'alimentation, de l'habillement et des soins du corps." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H018.
Full textThis thesis shows how the Congolese women, through the diversity of their spheres of activities, share the same company spirit. In a first part, after a talk on our- qualitative methodology, we treat diversity of their courses (civils servant, pensioners, reconverted, graduate. . . ). The second part focuses herself on the context of the entrepreneurial practices. It is first of all about the demographic, sociocultural and socio-economic context, then of the history of the trade and the entrepreneurial practices around the food and the craft industry. The third part is articulated around three chapters which treat Report/ratio with work, management of company and production of the social link around the family practices and symbolic systems. Our thesis is completed by a fourth part introducing to five diversified portraits Congolese women contractors, to lead to the analysis of what gathers them: the company spirit
Kabeya, Symphorien. "Le droit à l'éducation en république démocratique du Congo." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR1006.
Full textMatabishi, Namashunju Samuel. "Langues, éducation et développement durable en République Démocratique du Congo." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL019.
Full textThis thesis is about languages, education and sustainable development in the Democratic Republic of Congo. As far as linguistics and Culture are concerned, the D. R C. Is one of the countries most multilingual and multicultural in Africa. To that socio-cultural wealth is added the natural wealth (resources) that make some Geologists say the D. R. C is a “geological scandal”. This should be of great advantage to the welfare of the inhabitants of this country; one of the aims of a durable development. However, on social plan there is a great contrast between this geological scandal and the human development and welfare of Congolese because the D. R. C. Remains one of the poorest countries in the world. How can the socio cultural wealth and the natural wealth be combined to impulse the durable development in the D. R. C. ? Which are the necessary strategies to apply so as to make Congolese languages become instruments to the durable development? The aim of this thesis is to study the relationship between languages, education and durable development in D. R. C. In other words it consists of studying the impact of the learning of the Congolese languages on the durable development in the D. R. C. For this purpose one of the methodological approaches of our study is interviewing people. It contains 38 interviews completed by the transcription of radio emissions and the reading of appropriate literature on the topic. According to the interdisciplinary approaches applied to the interviews to five types (civil, society, politics and enterprise) of Congolese people we came to the following results: languages, education and durable development are linked and interdependent. Languages as ways of transmission of information on durable development have an impact on the education of people. Education on its hand promotes durable development. Depending on how people are educated and informed the durable development contributes to the improvement of education such as improving the tools of education in schools. It contributes as well to the enrichment and protection of languages. We have therefore shown that by protecting people assuring them good standard of life we also protect their languages so that they do not disappear. It is good to sensitize, form and inform people in their own languages, those that they control very well. The language is not the only factor to impulse lasting development though it contributes a lot. There is need to involve others such as political, economical, environmental factors… Thus the need to an interdisciplinary approaches to address the relationship between languages, education and durable development in a multilingual and multicultural context of the D. R. C
Bambi, Guy-Gaëtan. "Analyse économique de l'enseignement primaire en Afrique sub-saharienne : réflexion approfondie sur le cas du Congo." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE010.
Full textThe educational systems of Sub-Saharan Africa countries are confronted with a strong financial crisis ; this makes it difficult for them to improve the level of the human assets, which is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to ensure the economic growth process. The scrutiny of the scale of this crisis and of its consequences on the supply and the demand in education in a few Sub-Saharan Africa countries helps to see what political authorities, planifiers and public administrations can do to solve the theoretical and pratical problems their educational systems are faced with. The results of empirical studies on the analysis of the relationship between the pedagogical inputs and the pupils learning outputs contribute to define more efficient educational policies thank to lower cost and their efficiency, in view of the qualitative and quantitative development of better educational systems. The mean educational level of the active population's future generations can therefore be improved with the same volume of educational investments, or even with a lower volume
Massamba, Honorine. "L'éducation traditionnelle chez les Lari." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H032.
Full textBiaya, Tshikala Kayembe. "Femmes, possession et christianisme au Zaïre : analyse diachronique des productions et pratiques de la spiritualité chrétienne africaine." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28968.
Full textKibondzi, Marcel. "Scolarisation, appartenances sociales et allocation statutaire en République populaire du Congo." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR21004.
Full textOn the one hand, the author shows how particular structures determine a significant relationship between school and professional positions. Position at school is defined as a level of school socialization to which a system of more or less legitimate expectations for professional insertion is associated. Given the mainly administrative nature of the economy, the commonest form of professional insertion is into the civil service. On the other, the author shows how this relationship is perturbed by factors relating to the very constitutionality of congolese society. Indeed, the latter is a mosaic of societal units and familial societies perpetually competing for administrative power. An unstable equilibrium or conflictual harmony is obtained only at the price of associating familial societies, which are apparently or truly competitive, in the process of administrative control
Lokonda, Nkoto Albertine. "L'éducation des jeunes dans la société mongo au Zaïre : les Nkundo de Mbandaka et les Ntomb'e Maloko de Bikoro." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H107.
Full textThis study starts with a general survey of the mongos'origins and their migrations. The mongos, descended from their ancestor mbombiyanda, emigrated from the north to the south, along the valley of the Nile, and came out into Zaïre across the region known as high-Zaïre. After bloody battles, they occupied the lands where they now live and which cover about one-fifth of Zaïre. As for the lands of the nkundos of mbandaka and of the ntomb'e malokos, they can be estimated at about one-thirtieth of the mongo domain. In the second part, the social and political structures of the mongos are explained. Both structures are based on kin. The political aspect is based more particularly on the authority of the nsomi family. After the upbringing has been defined, its various agents are set out. Besides the important role played by the mother and her relatives, these agents are above all the relatives on the paternal side. As for the means of this upbringing, the stress is laid especially on their rites. In the elements of their upbringing, the following points are studied : society (as seen before), language, jobs, time, counting, habits and customs, manners, morals standards, ancestral wisdom and spiritual inheritance. The third part shows how this educational system is nowadays experiencing a cultural and social crisis, through the loss of the authority of the clan, and a parental crisis through the introduction of new cultural elements such as : schools, new religions. . . The fourth part, once the survival of the traditional upbringing has been demonstrated, leads naturally to the general conclusion of this study
Bongo, Noël Manuel. "Relations entre le système éducatif et le système productif dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas du Congo." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE014.
Full textThe aim of this research is to explore some aspects of the functioning of the work market and the articulations between the educational system and production on developing countries in general, and in the Congo in particular. This study is made of three parts of three chapters each, respectively devoted to the observation of the empirical situation, reflexions on the existing theories (their applications in lessdevelopped economies), and the production of complementary analyses. The first chapter of the first part is an introduction to the band and people and to some economic and financial aspects of the Congo. The second chapter focuses on the role of education in the economic and social development of the country. The third one is both an introduction to - and a critical analysis of - the congolese educational system. As for the second part, it aims at pointing out the methodological and theoretical tools which can help understand the relations between the production system and the educational one. The first chapter of this part is a theoretical analysis of the functionning of work market through the interpretations of currents of thought in economics. The second one attempts to show the complexity of relations between education and employment in developing countries, and the last one presents some notions about economic systems and structures in those countries. At last, the third part will be devoted to the statement of the relation between education training and employment; this relation is drawn from investigation. .
Kabasele, Mputu Wa Mbumba. "Pourquoi et comment préserver les traditions dans la formation scolaire et extra-scolaire dans un milieu rural de la société zaïroise : les cas chez les Luba du Kasaï, l'enfant de 6 à 12 ans, 1961-1981." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H047.
Full textThe thesis written on tradition an modernity showed there was a contradiction that people could not explain. Among the authors who studied this problem on tradition and modernity, we could draw 3 opinions: !) One which translates the traditions, is the major source of identity 2) one another is the problem which hinders the development of modernity. 3) One more mixed attempts to assure the future by necessary technical means, by using example on tradition. I have chosen this mixed opinion as i have studied the tradition as the way to maintain traditional society against some exaggerations and risks unexpected. 87,5 % of people interviewed had followed traditional education. 80 % of them had transmitted traditions to members of their community. 60 % distinguished that members of the community had a positive attitude face to tradition (see tables no 1,2,3). Yes to modernity, to change, to development of rural society and so to regard for cultural personal identity. If the traditional society would to leave underdevelopment, it is obliged to produce more and get into working order. In my discourse, school is the best way to reach the objectives above-mentioned. In fine, school transmits values, customs, morale and knowledges which are characters of global society and authorize itself to function well
Kambaji, Lukusa. "Éducation et environnement : l'école catholique zaïroise comme épée à double tranchant, objet et lieu de luttes idéologiques et de pouvoir hégémonique (1906-1977)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29437.
Full textFortin, Lana. "L'enseignement scolaire et la bourgeoisie nationale en pays colonisé : le cas des "évolués" au Congo belge." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29441.
Full textEdinga, Kadima. "La politique de l'éducation au Congo (Za͏̈ire) de 1960-1989." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081827.
Full textTambwe, Béatrice. "Microcrédit: Outil de développement pour les femmes de Goma en République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28644.
Full textDihele, Dya Welo. "La formation technique et la mentalité traditionnelle dans les pays en voie de développement : étude de cas : Zaïre." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H101.
Full textIlenda, Tryphon. "De l'école coloniale à l'école postcoloniale en République Démocratique du Congo : permanences, évolution, rupture des enjeux sociaux des savoirs scolaires." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H014.
Full textLitsingou, Hélène. "Rôle des femmes dans le système productif de l'agriculture congolaise : cas de Mossendjo." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10033.
Full textFollowing the food shortage crisis of the years 1972-1975, international organizations together with many developing countries showed a special interest in food manufacture, and set forth a series of agressive rural and faming policies. In order to adjust its developing strategies with its motto "food self-sufficiency" by the year 2000", the nation of congo undertook a variety of agricultural policies. Thanks to these policies, a number of measures were taken by the congolese authorities in order to provide food manufacture as well as rural life with adequate assistance. Among those involved in the process, are the women whose role has always been crucial, though quite often on the fringe of society. Indeed, besides their traditional african role as housekeepers, the rural women are actively involved in food crops growing as well as the manufacture and food suppling process of towns. They are also involved in the manufacture of those food crops usually known as males'business. They supply the family with gathering goods such as roots, plants, insects and fruits, which it needs for its survival. But despite such a prominent role within the family, it is unfortunate to note that up to now, the rural women do not enjory adequate supervision, and there has not yet a special interest in their economic status on the part of political authorities. For this very reason, no training is offered to these women so that they could better assist the society in their role. Actually no financial support has been made available to them so that their activities could be modernized for better performances. Such needs are so crucial that most of rural women have organized themselves in systems of tontines to to finance their activites, and these tontines have become the only credible financial institutions among the rural women, though they are still considered as informel institutions. Obviously, they represent a challenge to inefficient governments and insensitive authorities
Malung'Mper, Akpanabi Placide. "L’éducation aux valeurs : le cas des Ding orientaux en République Démocratique du Congo : De 1885 à à nos jours." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/malung__mperakpanabi_p.
Full textHow to educate to human values, nowadays, in an environment where these systems meet together and are in the same time in opposition with each other ? The crisis in RDC is not based only on this principle, but on education to these principles. It is this particular point that we want to examine specially in a component of the population the eastern “Dings”. The field of analysis is that of human values, analysed from documents, interviews and “twin’s songs”. The collision between their frames of reference leads to conflict between some of them. To understand the different levels that worth these various frames and their yieldings, a modus operandi with three exits is proposed. The first hypothesis tries to look for a settlement between the il-assorted systems where the “actors” of education in our country live. The second hypothesis consists in african culture's valorization. The third hypothesis consists in establishing a suitable method to learn values by giving to each person the means necessary for the “discernment” of this learning goals, and try to understand values and interiorize them for a better individuel and collective life. Raising people to human values needs : - The lessons of the attitude that one must adopt to learn these principles, - As from these lessons one will build his identity, - His personality will result as from these lessons, provided that this movement is nourrished by personnal meditation. To live in that spirit is the fundamentally education to human values
Tshimanga, Charles. "Jeunesse et État au Congo/Zaire : évolution et rôler de l'école, des mouvements de jeunesse et du sport, 1890-1960." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070112.
Full textKibelolo-N'Gabala, Jacqueline. "L'Enfant handicapé par déficience physique chez les Kongo : essai d'intégration en milieu scolaire ordinaire." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0035.
Full textHandicap sets a problem and frightens. This fear persists as silence and avoidance are the best safety devices. Ignorance feeds the fear. Unexpected handicap in a family gives rise to violent emotional reactions leading to paradoxical situations. Whereas the tendency is to consider the disabled person and his family as "the other", the thing itself induces an emotional reaction which has an impact on one's behaviour. This behaviour is inflected by each one's own personality and by the social group one belongs to. Our study is an essay which attempts to give a better knowledge of the disabled child and teenager, to analyse the process of integration, their evolution in a pre-scholastic structure and in primary school, as well as the discriminations and evictions they are subject to, and to bring some answers to the following questions : how can the progress of a function help the child if that child cannot experience that function ? how to help that child to be autonomous notwithstanding the environment in which he lives ? the kongo consider the handicap as fate as well as the notion is related to the way of life the person or a member of his her family has led. It seemed important to us to ascertain this problem through school integration
Tukanda, Manya Daniel. "Evaluation de l'efficacité des établissements d'enseignement secondaire: analyse des indicateurs favorisant la plus-value pédagogique des établissements :étude réalisée en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210135.
Full textCompte tenu des distorsions importantes dans les conclusions des recherches « processus-produits » qui décrivent les relations entre les facteurs investis(inputs) et le produit (output) dans le domaine de l’éducation et au regard de la littérature interna-tionale mettant en relief une multitude de variables(macro et micro-sociologiques) qui semblent influencer la réussite scolaire des élèves, nous avons tenu à mettre en évidence dans le contexte de l’enseignement en RDC certaines variables d’ordre scolaire pouvant amener les écoles à la réalisation de la plus-value pédagogique.
Ces dernières décennies, il y a certes une prolifération des établissements d’enseignement jamais existée dans le système éducatif congolais. Mais, ce qui est frappant et étonnant dans ce système éducatif aujourd’hui est le fait de la différence de niveau très remarquable entre élèves de même profil fréquentant les établissements scolaires différents. Leurs élèves soumis à des tests standards, on constate que certains d’entre ces établissements réalisent la plus-value pédagogique alors que d’autres réalisent la moins-value.
Quelles sont les variables d’ordre scolaire pouvant expliquer cette différence de rendement ?Telle est la question principale à laquelle cette étude tente d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse. Face à cette question, l’hypothèse générale que nous avons émise est qu’il existe un « effet-établissement » qui influence les acquisitions de tous les profils d’élèves en classe.
Ce travail s’articule sur deux parties principales emboîtées. La première partie explore quelques théories sur la réussite ou l’échec scolaire des élèves et examine les résultats de quelques études empiriques mettant en relief les effets relatifs de scolarisation. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la description de la démarche méthodologique de notre recherche et à l’analyse des résultats des élèves à nos tests de français et de mathématique. Elle est aussi consacrée à l’analyse des réactions des enseignants et du personnel de direction scolaire à notre questionnaire relatif aux facteurs prioritaires sur lesquels on peut à l’instant porter en tout premier lieu une attention particulière afin d’améliorer le rendement scolaire.
Par une analyse des résultats de 605 élèves de dix-huit établissements de l'enseignement secondaire ayant passé nos tests et aussi par une analyse des réponses à notre questionnaire auquel 122 enseignants et 49 personnel ( conseillers, proviseurs et chefs d’établissement ) de direction des établissements concernés par cette étude ont réagi, nous avons tenté de mettre en évidence certaines caractéristiques scolaires pouvant entraîner la réalisation de la plus et/ou moins-value pédagogique dans une école.
D’une manière générale, les résultats de cette étude montrent que la différence de performances des élèves apprenant dans les établissements différents semble être liée à certaines caractéristiques propres aux établissements scolaires et à des pratiques enseignantes. Vu les résultats présentés par les élèves des classes identifiées comme étant « efficaces » et « équitables », les caractéristiques (celles mises en évidence) des écoles organisant ces classes donnent à penser que celles-ci exercent un effet sur les acquisitions des élèves.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Xiberras, Valérie. "Analyse du concept d'intellectuel à travers la figure sociale de l'"évolué" du Congo belge, 1945-1960 : de l'"évolué" à l'intellectuel : transition impossible." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28762.
Full textIyananio, Simon-Pierre. "L'Église catholique et l'éducation civique des populations en République Démocratique du Congo : le cas de Shabunda, au Sud-Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26321.
Full textThis study focuses on the civic education program of the Catholic Church in the Democrat-ic Republic of Congo (DRC). The action research conducted in seven Basic Ecclesial Communities of the Sacré-Coeur parish in Shabunda, located in the South Kivu province, enabled to identify practices of socio-political engagement developed by these communities either from or related to the civic education program deployed by the Church since 2004. Both the analysis of the survey participants’ views and the reading of the Manuel de réfé-rence (Reference Manual) have resulted into six principal categories and three procedures. The research has allowed to identify main assets, strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the civic education program and thereby to suggest improvements for the future of the pro-gram. Even though the relevance of both the program and the education practice is not questioned, they (practice and program) need, however, to be enhanced in order to ade-quately respond to the need of liberation, as expressed by their beneficiaries. The compo-nent should hinge on issues of power and authority, which the research findings have re-vealed to be key in the Congolese crisis. The prerequisite of the rule of law, as longed and sought by the Church through its practice of the civic education, in the DRC, lies in the following principle: the Congolese governing authorities should exercise their power for service rather than domination. To ensure that this principle is implemented, the ecclesial practice of the civic education will bring the beneficiaries of the program to meet Jesus Christ, servant and liberator of humans, to let themselves be transformed by Him and to become, as Him, servants and liberators of brothers and sisters. The aim of the civic educa-tion will not only be for the knowledge of citizens’ rights and responsibilities, but will be-come a sequela Christi, leading each beneficiary of the program, who have now become alter Christus, to daily recall the liberating memory of Jesus-Christ’s death and resurrection. Concerning the implementation of the improved program, which needs to be developed from the grassroots, the Church should give greater place to ecclesial communities, plan monitoring follow-up mechanism, and provide indicators for objective evaluations.
Mikobi, Dikay Josué. "La politique de l'Unesco pour le développement de l'éducation de base en République Démocratique du Congo : 1960-1980." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE1098.
Full textThe UNESCO policy to Congo is enrolling in the frame work of its intervention to the urgent operations of ONUC, an action firecely marked by the cold war and the colonization. This thesis is orientated to wards 3 axes constituting the changing moments of the relation between UNESCO and the nations. Each axis restores one of the important times of the Democratic Republic of Congo's cooperation with UNESCO, thus marking the organization's educational action. Detaching itself from forces and feebleness, ruptures and continuity. The examination of the historical dimension of the intervention of UNOC gives a light on the conditions of the organization of partnership has favored the stheng thening of the relationship between UNESCO and national participants. This survey's objective is to show UNESCO role in the placement of new educational structures determining the partnership nature and evaluating it's actions impact on the Congolese populations. This interest is to show the complexity of the educational issues of UNESCO's action in Congo and to appreciate the United Nation's organizations intervention, and the motivation of the Congolese government towards the political, economical, and social readjustment of a newly country. We not only retrace the grand international diplomatic issues which contributed to UNESCO's redeployment for reconstructing the ruptured Congolese society, but of the progression of international relations, proclaimed since its creation, UNESCO's universality has become a reality for the Congolese land. The Congo, on the background of cold war, was indeed a new field of connection between UNESCO and the two most power ful countries of the time where the issues become a reality in the 11th UNESCO conference, opening the doors in Africa. Actualy, UNESCO tempted their first experiencys in the Leopoldville Congo where its participation to the civil operations appeared as a living symbol of international aid. The organization played a copital democratic role beside the congolese political participants for ending the crisis, favoring the dialogue between diverse sensibilities, an maintaining peace across the educational action. The Congolese educational system has endured profound transformations which wereinterceded under the influency of the international organizations
Okito, Pamijeko, and Pamijeko Okito. "Analyse de besoins de la formation continue et des conditions socioprofessionnelles des enseignants en situation après-guerre en République démocratique du Congo : cas des enseignants du niveau secondaire de la ville de Goma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38299.
Full textLa formation du personnel enseignant de la ville de Goma au Nord-Kivu, en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), a évolué négativement depuis la période coloniale. D’une formation initiale essentiellement religieuse, elle a été orientée vers des contenus universitaires, puis transformée en une formation continue sous forme de journées pédagogiques. Cette visée de formation n’a malheureusement pas été maintenue en raison du désengagement du gouvernement, des guerres et des conditions de vie. Conséquemment, l’un des problèmes majeurs qui caractérisent actuellement le système scolaire de Goma est l’absence de formation continue des enseignants. Afin d’aider ces enseignants à s’autoformer professionnellement pendant leur carrière, l’identification préalable de leurs besoins en formation continue et socioprofessionnels s’est avérée pertinente. Le but de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser ces besoins. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire de 91 énoncées a d’abord été rempli par 151 enseignants du secondaire à Goma, chef-lieu de la Province du Nord-Kivu (RDC). Par la suite, des entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de 20 d’entre eux. Les énoncés du questionnaire et ceux du canevas d’entretien ont été regroupés selon trois thèmes : les besoins en compétences professionnelles, les besoins socioprofessionnels et les renseignements généraux. La détermination des besoins en formation continue et leur classement selon l'ordre de priorité ont été réalisés au moyen des approches analytiques et graphiques de l’analyse de besoin. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que des 73 besoins concernent la formation continue, cinq sont jugés extrêmement prioritaires. Ces besoins extrêmement prioritaires sont : la formation pédagogique; des ateliers de formation; des séminaires; l’emploi correct des TIC dans les buts de se constituer des réseaux d’échange et de formation continue dans son domaine d’enseignement et dans sa pratique pédagogique ; la connaissance et l’utilisation des TIC en enseignement et apprentissage. Pour ce qui est des besoins socioprofessionnels, les résultats indiquent qu’ils sont au nombre de 30. Parmi ceux-ci, la rémunération salariale, la sécurité sociale, le transport et le logement sont les plus cités par les participants.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
Jean-Bouchard, Évelyne. "Le rapport des Congolaises au droit et à leurs droits : participer aux processus de changements normatifs à l'est de la République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35589.
Full textMufogoto, Gafutshi Georgine. "L'une en face de l'autre : femme autochtone et femme missionnaire dans l'actuel diocèse d'Idiofa en République Démocratique du Congo : de 1928 à la veille de l'Indépendance." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2007.
Full textMissionary women, endowed with "faith in Jesus Christ" and prejudices concerning the racial superiority and material power of the West, encounter indigenous women between 1928 and 1960 in the Belgian Congo, with a thousand-year-old culture, imbued with prejudice and fears vis-à-vis "white foreigners".This confrontation takes place essentially outside the village of the indigenous woman, to the "mission", a space "invented" and "mastered" by the Fathers and where the nuns consider themselves as "guests" who themselves , invite or sometimes force indigenous women into confrontation. This encounter is made in three specific places: the catechumenate, the school and the dispensary (or the hospital).At the end of this confrontation, the nuns build up their image of the indigenous woman, while the latter also elaborates her representation of the missionary woman, who had come "from elsewhere". There is here as a game of mirrors that results in what anthropologists call productive misunderstanding
Boukou, Jean Claude. "Identités professionnelles des enseignant(e)s : analyse des situations et études comparatives entre le Congo-Brazzaville et le Congo-Kinshasa." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1124/document.
Full textThe professional identity of teachers : Analysis of situations and comparison’s studies between the Congo-Brazzaville and the Congo-Kinshasa. During the last forty (40) years, teachers of both The Congo-Brazzaville and The Congo-Kinshasa have known social, economical and political problems which affected their professional ethic, forcing them to question themselves about their professional identity. Studies of the educational settings, professional actions, socio-relational, organisational, institutional and non formal aspects will enable us: to study the role of the teachers’ initial training, to assess the issues related to the funding of the educational structures together with its efficiency, to understand the generalized disaffection and the weakness of the social and economical position of the teacher’s duty. All these will enable a better explanation of the vulnerability of current teachers and justify the “idealized identity revetment” according to (Dubar.2000:165). The analysis of the outcomes of 103 biographic interviews conducted with teachers trained during 4 different periods revealed that each period corresponds to a basic professional identity.In the social context, teachers who consider themselves as Sisyphe of 21st century and the new kamikazes talk about an identity panic and scuttle. A comparative study will show the level of involvement in both cities geographically close to each other. The educational systems are different: the Congo-Brazzaville inherited the French system and The Congo-Kinshasa the Belgian one. The comparison will be intra-countries and inter-countries and will entail the initial and professional trainings of both countries in order to question their national systems and any eventual identity similarities or differences
Simantoto, Mafuta Apollinaire-Sam. "Les femmes pasteurs et prophétesses dans les Églises pentecôtistes congolaises : enjeux d'autorité, représentations et rapports de genre." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG024/document.
Full textThis PhD is based on a qualitative, empirical and epistemological approach relied on interviews, self-administered questionnaire and ethnographic observation. The analysis of gender relationships and representations of female pastoral labor in the Pentecostal churches is the main topic of this research. We are looking for life stories items and commitment in a pastoral or episcopal female vocation inasmuch to understand gendered dimension and the motives of the young ladies to look for such a well known male profession for which they have been banned for centuries. This religion of the Reborn seems to give an opportunity for climbing the social ladder and awakens the desire for material goods and spiritual prosperity. Many questions are at stake with the female pastoral vocation. How to interpret the ease with which one becomes a pastor (how shall we figure out) the fact that it is very easy to become a pastor in the Democratic Republic of Congo ? How to define the current female role of pastors or bishops ? How to understand the permanent tension between the female vocation, the social stereotypes and the linked body alienation ? Although, they must have leadership roles that have always been the privilege of the male clerics ? Facing the current challenges of a changing society, how do they combine faith, femininity, leadership and professional skills ? What are the roles of pastors and bishops when they belong to the female sex ? Does the hieratic function change in this case ? What are the new dimensions of the religious profession practice ? Are they more concerned with social or family issues ? Do they refer to personal intimacy or to a new dimension of the sacred ? This PhD is trying to answer all these questions. It shows moreover new faces of the religious profession practice through the coming out of female pastors and bishops. It provides new indications regarding the religious changes that have taken place in recent years in Sub- Saharan Africa in general and in DR Congo in particular
Nsakala, Vodiena Gabriel. "Communication stratégique pour améliorer la double prévention des IST / VIH / SIDA et des grossesses non désirées chez les adolescents à Kinshasa, RDC: enjeux et perspectives de l'éducation sexuelle participative." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209308.
Full textDans le présent travail de recherche, nous présentons un cadre d’analyse, de planification et de mise en œuvre d’une recherche-action portant sur l’apport de l’éducation sexuelle participative comme démarche de la communication stratégique, et ses effets sur le public d’adolescents en milieu scolaire. Le but ultime étant de proposer une meilleure alternative à l’amélioration de la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses non désirées chez les adolescents scolarisés de 15-19 ans à Kinshasa, RDC.
Les principaux objectifs fixés à la présente recherche étaient :i) d’évaluer l’ampleur de la situation épidémiologique et sociale liée à la santé de reproduction y compris la prévention du VIH/SIDA chez les jeunes adolescents (15-19 ans) ;ii) d’identifier les besoins ainsi que les préoccupations spécifiques des adolescents et jeunes notamment en terme de vie sexuelle et affective ;iii) de projeter les axes de communication stratégiques susceptibles d’influencer positivement les comportements en vue d’améliorer la prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces des adolescents et jeunes en milieu urbain ;iv) de construire sur base des observations et analyses précédentes, une approche de communication stratégique fondée sur l’éducation sexuelle participative; iv) et mesurer au point de vue cognitif et comportemental, l’écart attribuable à l’éducation sexuelle sur l’amélioration des connaissances, des attitudes et des pratiques favorables à la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces chez les adolescents de 15-19 ans en milieu urbain de la RDC.
Réalisée dans une perspective de la promotion de la santé, son cadre théorique chemine avec celui de l’évidence des liens entre les IST/VIH/SIDA et la santé sexuelle et de reproduction. La combinaison du modèle d’analyse PRECEDE avec l’outil de planification PROCESSUS-P, a servi de fil conducteur de ce travail.
Cette étude confronte également la théorie de la communication avec les modèles de changement de comportement. En effet, les messages sur la sexualité émis par un émetteur, permettent à l’individu qui les reçoit, de se persuader à amorcer le changement de comportement qui passe par différents étapes. Mais au delà de la volonté individuelle, les relations de sexualité se vivent dans une interaction sociale dont il faudra tenir compte.
La construction de cette recherche a fait appel aux disciplines des sciences sociales, comportementales, de l’éducation, et de l’épidémiologie.
Nous avons combiné quatre approches différentes pour cerner nos hypothèses de recherche :i) la revue documentaire, ii) l’approche socio-anthropologique (qualitative) par des focus groups, entretiens semi dirigés, observations directes, iii) l’approche socio-épidémiologique (quantitative) par des enquêtes transversales et iv) l’approche opérationnelle par l’introduction d’une approche innovante utilisant le téléphone et la radio comme moyen pour identifier et orienter des messages à diffuser en milieu scolaire sur la prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et les grossesses précoces.
Ce travail propose deux formats de résultats :les articles publiés ou en cours de l’être et les résultats complémentaires synthétisés dans différents tableaux.
Les articles abordent successivement :i) le profil de risque et de vulnérabilité lié au VIH/SIDA et à la santé des adolescents ;ii) la perception des adolescents en matière de santé sexuelle et reproductive ;iii) l’ analyse de l’intégration de l’éducation sexuelle dans les médias ;iv) l’utilisation du téléphone portable et de la radio pour identifier les préoccupations sexuelles des adolescents, v) les déterminants associés à la pratique de la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces et vi) les effets cognitifs et comportementaux de l’éducation sexuelle participative sur la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces en milieu scolaire de Kinshasa.
Les données synthétisées dans différents tableaux rendent compte de l’analyse de la réponse nationale sur la santé de la reproduction des adolescents et des différents aspects du cadre théorique d’analyse et de planification d’une communication stratégique pour la prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces.
L’ensemble des résultats de cette recherche peut se résumer en dix points importants ci-après :
1.\
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Dimbasi-Ndofunsu, Jean-René. "L'effet-établissement et ses variables explicatives: évaluation de la plus et/ou moins value pédagogique en classe de deuxième secondaire :recherche des caractéristiques favorables à l'efficacité scolaire dans les écoles de Kinshasa." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210168.
Full textPar ailleurs, la littérature internationale nous propose plusieurs variables qui semblent avoir un effet sur la réussite scolaire des élèves :des variables macro-sociologiques comme les facteurs politiques, organisationnels, socio-économiques et des variables micro-sociologiques comme les facteurs familiaux, individuels, culturels, scolaires, précisément des variables de contexte, des pratiques managériales, des pratiques enseignantes.
De plus, dans cette étude, nous allons nous attarder sur les facteurs micro-sociologiques, car à notre connaissance, il n’existe aucune étude empirique portant sur ces variables dans le contexte congolais. Autrement dit, le problème de recherche relève donc de la méconnaissance scientifique des relations entre l’effet-établissement et le rendement scolaire des élèves.
Le cadre théorique de cette étude est basé sur les théories du choix de l’échantillon (Boyl et Crowson), des strates emboîtées (Barr et Dreeben), des organisations (théorie de Mintzberg), de la bureaucratie professionnelle, de psychologie de comportement, de la réforme des milieux de travail, sur le modèle des interactions aptitude-traitement de Cronbach, sur le modèle multi-niveaux des effets éducatifs, sur le modèle intégré en éducation (Scheerens) ainsi que sur la recension des travaux antérieurs. Ce cadre théorique conduit à la formulation d’une hypothèse principale et des hypothèses secondaires rattachées aux variables de cette étude.
Une approche méthodologique mixte, descriptive et relationnelle permet de confirmer, d’infirmer et de nuancer ces hypothèses. Cette étude est réalisée auprès des 614 élèves, des 30 enseignants et des 22 chefs d’établissement. Elle est aussi menée auprès des 15 écoles publiques, privées et confessionnelles organisant les classes de deuxième secondaire. Les élèves remplissent un questionnaire contenant des renseignements généraux et répondent aux questions du pré-test et du post-test de français et des mathématiques composés par les conseillers du Ministère de l’éducation de la République Démocratique du Congo.
D’abord, les résultats concordent en général avec l’hypothèse principale de recherche. Ceux-ci mentionnent l’existence de l’effet-établissement dans les écoles étudiées. Ensuite, les résultats concordent dans l’ensemble avec les hypothèses secondaires rattachées aux variables retenues dans cette étude. Enfin, il faudrait indiquer que certaines hypothèses sont infirmées, voire nuancées.
Par ailleurs, des pistes de recherches sur l’effet de ces variables et des autres variables paraissent très intéressantes pour la meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène. Bien que cette recherche essaie d’apporter sa contribution à l’amélioration de l’efficacité scolaire du système éducatif congolais, cette dernière comporte tout de même certaines limites liées à l’expérimentation, à l’échantillon, aux instruments de mesure et aux travaux empiriques sur le sujet. Il semble donc nécessaire que d’autres études soient effectuées, afin de pallier à ces limites, d’élaborer de nouvelles théories et d’identifier d’autres antécédents éventuels de l’effet-établissement.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Thibeault, Eric-Normand. "Accès, pratiques et usages des technologies d’information et de la communication en éducation au sein de l’espace francophone : études de cas réalisées au Viêt Nam, en Moldavie, au Burkina-Faso et en République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H027/document.
Full textThe thesis questions the different elements which allows the practice and use og Information and Communication Technologies in educational teaching in secondary schools. From a cross analysis between different fields within the francophone space and by leaning on the educational practices, the rechearcher analyses the comparing elements in the ICT sector in education between the following countries : Vietnam, Moldavia, Burkina-Faso and the Democratic Republic of Congo. A cross analysis allows the comparasion between the different inflencing conditions in the practices and use of the ICTs within the environment composing the diversity of the institutional Francophonie. The research has taken place during a doctorac theses at the Laboratoire Education et Apprentissage (ea 4071) at the Pris René Descartes university and presents the results of four case studies done between 2010 and 2013 with students (n=3236) and teachers (n=467) in target countries within members of the Organisation international de la Francophonie (OIF). The researcher analyze the data that has been collected related to the conditions of access, practises and the use of digital technologies in the secondary school level. The research has be done by questionnaires in order to collect the quantitative data. The researcher has also used focalized group interviews in order to collect quanlitativ data. The compared approach, the territoriality of the phenomenon of the use of digital technology as a support in an educational learning environment. In Moldavia and i Vietnam, the research has paid special attention to the analysis ot het use of ICT as a support in teaching and learning French as a second language, français langue étrangère (FLE). The research fiel is situated within the Francohpone space, with all its diversity and plurality. We analyse the evolution and seek to explain the reasons for the delays of certain countries as well as numerous obstacles to ICT access. We seek to reveal the use of ICT in austere contexts. The results reveal that the CTI appropriation process by French teachers is a growing process in Vietnam and Moldavia. Contrasting practices are standing out when crossing the survey results. The analysys of access to IT tools and the integration in teaching reveals that the user is significantly more sustained by teachers in eastern Europe (Moldavia) and Asia (Vietnam) as to practices on the African continent (specificity Burkina-Faso and the Democratic Republic of Congo). Finally, a study has been done within the public digital space as Multimedia center named : Maisons des savoirs de la Francophonie
Teza examinează factorii care permit practica și utilizarea tehnologiei digitale pentru susținerea școlarizării, în domeniul tehnologiilor educaționale din școlile de nivel secundar. Plecând de la o nouă perspectivă între diverse teritorii din lumea francofonă și bazându-se pe practicile din mediul educațional, cercetătorul analizează elementele comparative din domeniul tehnologiilor de informație și a comunicațiilor (TIC) în domeniul educației dintre următoarele țări : Vietnam, Moldova, Burkina Faso și Republica Democrată Congo. O nouă perspectivă permite compararea condițiilor care influențează utilizarea TIC în zona care constituie diversitatea Francofoniei instituționale. Cercetarea este parte a unei teze de doctorat din cadrul Laboratorului de Educație și Învățământ (ea 4071) la Universitatea Paris René Descartes și prezintă rezultatul a patru studii de caz efectuate între 2010 și 2013 pe lângă elevii (n=3 236) și profesori (n=467) din țările vizate, membre ale Organizației Internaționale a Francofoniei (OIF). Cercetătorul decriptează informațiile culese cu privire la condițiile de acces, practicile și utilizarea tehnologiei digitale pentru școli la nivel secundar. Cercetarea a fost efectuată printr-un chestionar pentru a culege datele cantitative. Cercetătorul a recurs de asemenea la focus-grupuri pentru a colecta date calitative. Noua abordare combină teritorialitatea fenomenului de utilizare a tehnologiei digitale susținând sistemul educațional. În Moldova și în Vietnam, studiul a acordat o atenție deosebită analizei utilizării TIC pentru susținerea predării și a învățării limbii franceze ca limbă străină (FLE). Domeniul cercetării este în spațiul Francofon, în diversitatea și pluralitatea acestuia. Vom analiza evoluțiile și vor încerca să explicăm motivele întârzierii în anumite țări, precumși numeroasele obstacole de acces la TIC. Vom încerca să influențăm utilizarea TIC în contexte care par a fi austere. Rezultatele cercetării arată că demersul de familiarizare cu TIC a profesorilor de franceză prezintă o creștere în Vietnam și Moldova. Acest lucru reiese din practicile contrastante în momentul în care sunt comparate rezultatele cercetărilor. Analiza accesului la mijloacele informatice și integrarea acestora în clasă arată faptul că utilizările sunt mult mai susținute de către profesorii din țările din estul Europei (Moldova) și Asia (Vietnam) decât din Africa (mai specific în Burkina-Faso și Republica Democratică Congo). În plus, s-a făcut un studiu de caz în cadrul spațiilor publice numerice : Maisons des savoirs de la Francophonie
Luận văn đặt vấn đề về những nhân tố cho phép thực hành và sử dụng công nghệ số hỗ trợ dạy học trong lĩnh vực công nghệ giáo dục ở khối trung học. Từ một góc nhìn chéo giữa nhiều vùng miền khác nhau của không gian Pháp ngữ và dựa vào thực tiễn trong môi trường giáo dục, người nghiên cứu phân tích các yếu tố so sánh việc ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin (CNTT) trong giáo dục ở những quốc gia sau đây : Việt Nam, Moldavie, Burkina-Faso và Cộng hòa dân chủ Congo. Một góc nhìn chéo cho phép so sánh các điều kiện ảnh hưởng đến việc thực hành và sử dụng CNTT trong một không gian đa dạng của Tổ chức cộng đồng Pháp ngữ. Nghiên cứu thực hiện trong khuôn khổ luận văn tiến sĩ được tiến hành ở Phòng Nghiên cứu Giáo dục và Học tập (ea 4071) ở trường Đại học Paris René Descartes và trình bày kết quả của bốn trường hợp nghiên cứu thực địa từ năm 2010 đến 2013 đối với học sinh (n=3.236) và giáo viên (n=467) các quốc gia nói trên là thành viên của Tổ chức quốc tế Pháp ngữ (OIF). Người nghiên cứu giải mã các dữ liệu thu thập liên quan đến những điều kiện tiếp cận, thực hành và sử dụng các công nghệ số ở trường trung học. Nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện bằng bảng câu hỏi để thu thập dữ liệu định lượng. Người nghiên cứu cũng đã phỏng vấn một nhóm giáo viên và học sinh nhằm thu thập các dữ liệu định tính. Phương pháp tiến hành gặp nhau ở tính lãnh thổ của hiện tượng sử dụng công nghệ số hỗ trợ học tập trong môi trường giáo dục. Ở Moldavie và Viêt Nam, nghiên cứu đã đặc biệt lưu tâm phân tích việc sử dụng CNTT trong dạy và học tiếng Pháp ngoại ngữ (NN). Trường nghiên cứu trong phạm vi không gian Pháp ngữ đa dạng và đa chiều. Chúng tôi sẽ phân tích sự tiến triển và cố gắng giải thích lý do chậm trễ của một số quốc gia cũng như nhiều trở ngại khi tiếp cận CNTT. Chúng tôi cũng tìm hiểu việc sử dụng CNTT trong những bối cảnh tưởng như khó khăn. Kết quả điều tra hé lộ rằng tiến trình chiếm hữu CNTT của các giáo viên tiếng Pháp có gia tăng ở Việt Nam và Moldavie và làm nổi bật thực tế tương phản khi giao hòa các kết quả điều tra. Phân tích việc tiếp cận và đưa công cụ tin học vào lớp học đã tiết lộ rằng việc sử dụng CNTT nhận được sự ủng hộ rõ nét của giáo viên các nước Đông Âu (Moldavie) và châu Á (Việt Nam) so với thực tế quan sát được ở châu Phi (đặc biệt là ở Burkina-Faso và CHDC Congo). Cuối cùng, việc nghiên cứu trường hợp cụ thể đã được tiến hành ở các không gian số công cộng : các Nhà tri thức Pháp ngữ
Balabala, Nembenze Désiré. "Encadrement juridique de l'éducation au Congo-Kinsaha (1885-1986) : de l'initiative des missionnaires à la prise en charge par l'État." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS306.
Full textIf schooling for all is taken for granted in most contemporary societies, it remains nevertheless the result of a slow process of development. Such was the case in the present Democratic Republic of Congo where it evolved over a century. During the colonial period – from the creation of the Congo as a state by the Berlin Conference of 1885 up to its independence proclaimed in 1960 – education, average length 2 years, was entrusted by the government above all to the Belgian Catholic Missions, with the utilitarian objective in mind of forming government employees and workers able to exploit the colony Generally speaking, this objective appears to underlie the Concordat of 1906, the School Regulations of 1924 and the School Reform of 1948. In spite of the impetus to reform given by the Belgian Social Liberal Party after World War II, colonial schools had great difficulty forming an elite in the local population. The consequence was bloody chaos during the first five years of independence. This is to be attributed to the lack of sufficient preparation given to the Congolese people for them to be able to assume political positions of great responsibility. As the model of society inherited from the colonial past became considered an alienation, Maréchal-President Mobutu nationalized the schools in December 1974 in opposition to the Catholic hierarchy. This caused a period of serious unrest finally settled by the signing of an agreement in 1977 granting the handing back of school systems to their former administrators. Then, on 22 September, 1986, an outline-law applying to the national school system was promulgated marked by the need for budgetary austerity brought about by President Mobutu’s disastrous economic politics, his zaïranisation
Aissah-Assih, Ashira. "Le veuvage et la condition de la femme chez les Lamba du Togo." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR21006.
Full textLamba of togo are a patriarchal society divided by clans and lineages. But if the man monopolizes the political power, it's the woman who detains the economical one. So, relations between the man and the woman out of this society are ruled by a game of strategies which made that none of those lines can monopolize the absolute power. Widowhood ritual appears like an institution of compensation, dating from people can concretise the ideology built on the idea of the man superiority and the woman inferiority whom statute is definite from her husband and from her future child. So, the woman is symbolically submissive during a period of time to the patriarchal society, but not really. In the main, the widowhood can be considerated like an event revealer of all the feminine condition
Kande, Muidikayi Henri. "Concentration démographique urbaine et difficultés de gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Kananga (en République Démocratique du Congo). Approche pour l'éducation à l'environnement axée sur la gestion des déchets solides ménagers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/330839/3/TheseHenriKandeVersionFinalecorrigee2021.pdf.
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Dossa, Nissou Ines. "Santé reproductive et santé mentale des femmes qui ont subi la violence sexuelle en temps de conflit armé : cas de la République Démocratique du Congo." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12066.
Full textBackground: Since nearly two decades, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is ravaged by an armed conflict which, according to the International Rescue Commitee, have caused more than 3 million deaths and as many internally displaced persons. Several reports also denounce the numerous cases of sexual violence (rape, mutilation, sexual slavery, exploitation, etc.) committed against girls, women, and to a lesser extent against men. Even if there is a consensus on the barbaric nature of conflict-related sexual violence acts, few studies have assessed its effects on survivors’ reproductive health especially in terms of issues such as fistulas, chronic pelvic pain (CPP), desire for sex, desire for children, and desire to interrupt pregnancy resulting from rape. Moreover, even if the mental health of populations in conflict zones is a topic of interest, the specific impact of conflict-related sexual violence on the survivors’ mental health has not been much studied. In addition, most studies research the effects of conflict-related sexual violence on mental health and on reproductive health separately without assessing the relationships that can exist between these two dimensions which, however, influence each other. Also, the social impact of conflict-related sexual violence, and the contribution of sociocultural norms to the survivors’ struggles, has not been much studied. Nevertheless, the social impact of conflict-related sexual violence may help in understanding how the experience of such act can affect mental health. Finally, no study has investigated the effects of conflict-related sexual violence by comparing it to non-conflict- related sexual violence (NCRSV). However, it is recognized that, in many respects, conflict- related sexual violence is very different from NCRSV since it is committed with the intent to create the most adverse effects on the victims and their community. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis aimed at: 1) assessing the effects of conflict- related sexual violence on reproductive health; 2) evaluating the effects of conflict-related sexual violence on mental health in terms of severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, severity of psychological distress symptoms, and the likelihood of suffering from common mental disorders (CMD); 3) assessing the contribution of adverse reproductive health issues, particularly fistula and chronic pelvic pain (CPP) to the effect of conflict-related sexual violence on mental health; 4) assessing the contribution of mental health state to the effect of conflict-related sexual violence on desire for sexual intercourse, and desire for children; and 4) studying the social impact of conflict-related sexual violence as well as the contribution of sociocultural norms to its adverse consequences, and how these effects could in return affect women’s health and their relationship with their rape-conceived children. Methodology: A convergent mixed design allowed collection of quantitative data from all participants (cross-sectional study) and qualitative data on a smaller number of women (phenomenological study). A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2012 among 320 women, aged 15 to 45, living in four (4) neighbourhoods of the city of Goma, province of North Kivu in the DRC. Participants were recruited through announcements made by those responsible for literacy and conflict-resolution programs implemented in different neighbourhoods by the Collectif Alpha Ujuvi, a local NGO2. Reproductive health outcomes assessed are: fistulas, CPP, desire for sex, desire for children and desire to interrupt pregnancy resulting from sexual violence. The mental health outcomes of interest were: severity of psychological distress symptoms, severity of PTSD symptoms, and likelihood of suffering from CMD. For analyses, exposure was defined in three (3) categories according to past experience of sexual violence: women who experienced conflict-related sexual violence, those who experienced NCRSV, and those who reported never having been victim of sexual violence in their lifetime. Potential confounders assessed were: age, marital status, number of children, highest education level reached, and occupation. Measures of association were assessed using simple and multiple logistic and linear regression models. Multiplicative interaction tests and stratified analyzes were also conducted to identify the potential modification effect of the variables age, marital status and number of children on the association between sexual violence and reproductive health or mental health. Those tests were also used to assess the contribution of reproductive health or mental health to the effects of sexual violence on the other aspect of health of interest in this study. In the meantime, a phenomenological study was conducted among 12 women who experienced conflict-related sexual violence, had a rape-conceived child, and participated in the quantitative part of the study. Topics explored include: perception of the act of conflict- related sexual violence and the daily life by the victims; perception of the act of rape by the victims’ family and entourage and their reaction after the aggression; perception of pregnancy resulting from sexual violence by the victim; perception of the rape-conceived child by the victim and her entourage; social consequences of experiencing conflict-related sexual violence, and victims' needs for rehabilitation. A thematic analysis with open coding has highlighted the key themes of the participants’ stories. Thereafter, a grounded theory approach was used to induce a framework outlining the social impact of experiencing conflict-related sexual violence along with the contributing factors. Results: The first article of this thesis shows that, compared to women who have never experienced sexual violence, women who experienced conflict-related sexual violence have a higher probability to have fistula (OR=11.1, 95% CI [3.1-39.3]), CPP (OR=5.1, 95% CI [2.4- 10.9]), an absence of desire for sexual intercourse (OR=3.5, 95% CI [1.7-6.9]), and an absence of desire for children (OR=3.5, 95% CI [1.6-7.8]). Compared with the same women, those who have experienced NCRSV are more likely to have CPP (OR=2.3, 95% CI [0.95-5.8]), and an absence of desire for children (OR=2.7, 95% CI [1.1-6.5]). Compared with women who have experienced NCRSV, those who experienced conflict-related sexual violence also have higher odds for fistula (OR=9.5, 95% CI [1.6-56.4]), CPP (OR=2.2, 95% CI [0.8-5.7]), and absence of desire for sexual intercourse (OR=2.5, 95% CI [1.1-6.1]). Regarding pregnancy resulting from sexual violence, in comparison to women who experienced NCRSV, a higher proportion of those who experienced conflict-related sexual violence were willing to abort (55% vs. 25% for those who experienced NCRSV). They are also more likely to admit that they would have done so, if proper care was available (39% vs. 21% for those who experienced NCRSV). The second article shows that, compared to women who have never experienced sexual violence, those who experienced conflict-related sexual violence have more severe symptoms of psychological distress (respective score means 8.6 and 12.6, p<0.0001) and PTSD (respective score means 2.2 and 2.6, p<0.0001), and are more likely to be probable CMD case (30% vs. 76%, p<0.0001). Moreover, compared to women who experienced NCRSV, those who experienced conflict-related sexual violence have more severe symptoms of psychological distress (respective score means 10.1 and 12.6, p<0.0001) and PTSD (respective score means 2.2 and 2.6, p<0.0001), and are more likely to be probable CMD case (48% vs. 76%, p<0.0001). The lowest and highest scores of severity of psychological distress symptoms are 0/12 in the category of women who never experienced sexual violence, 4/19 in the category of women who experienced NCRSV and 5/18 in the category of women who experienced conflict-related sexual violence. Regarding the severity of PTSD’s symptoms, the lowest and highest scores are respectively: 0.36/3.22, 0.41/3.41 and 0.95/3.45. Suffering from fistula or CPP increases the strength of the association between sexual violence and mental health. Women who experienced conflict-related sexual violence and suffered fistula, compared to those who experienced conflict-related sexual violence and did not suffer from fistula, have more severe symptoms of psychological distress and PTSD. Results were similar for women who experienced conflict-related sexual violence and have CPP. Complementary results suggest that the marital status modifies the association between sexual violence and severity of psychological distress symptoms, divorced/separated and widowed being those who have the highest score means (respectively 11.3 and 12.1 vs. 9.26 and 9.49 for singles and married women). Furthermore, the severity of psychological distress symptoms changes the association between conflict-related sexual violence and desire for children. The third article shows that, on the social front, experiencing conflict-related sexual violence also results in serious consequences. All women who experienced this type of act describe their life of survivor and mother of a child born from rape as difficult, oppressive, made of worries and sorrows, and worthless. Several factors influence the description that victims of conflict-related sexual violence make of their daily lives, and they are all related to socio-cultural norms which consider women as second class citizen, do not make any difference between rape and adultery, condemn rape victims rather than the perpetrators, reject and stigmatize raped women and rape-conceived children. In response to the rejection and lack of consideration, survivors of conflict-related sexual violence tend to isolate themselves to avoid insults, and keep quiet about the aggression they suffered. In addition, the reactions of their entourage/community tend to revive memories of the aggression they suffered, all of which may impair their rehabilitation. Other results show that children resulting from conflict-related sexual violence are also rejected by their communities, as well their adoptive family and their mother’s partner and this hurts the victims. With their mothers, relationships developed range from rejection, resignation to affection. Nevertheless, these relationships are often more likely to be strained because of the stigma of the community. Conclusion: Conflict-related sexual violence has adverse effects on reproductive health and mental health. It is also associated with adverse social consequences. Those three dimensions are far from being isolated because this study demonstrated that they do influence each other. This suggests that intervention programs for victims of conflict-related sexual violence should not only focus on one aspect of health but take into account all the dimensions of a woman to provide holistic and more appropriate support which will be more effective in the long term.
Greco, Morgane. "Le travail des fonctionnaires internationaux du Bureau du Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général de l’ONU chargé de la question des violences sexuelles commises en période de conflit en République démocratique du Congo." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24127.
Full textOur study focuses on the work achieved by international civil servants at the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (SRSG-SVC), regarding the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) through the prism of the Weberian bureaucracy. Based on six semi-directive interviews and the analysis of United Nations public sources, this study aims to providing perspectives on the views of the Office’s officials in relation to their missions and the means at their disposal to carry them out. This academic work also focuses on the scope of the work of the RSSG-VSC Office in the DRC, from the point of view of these international officials based in headquarters. So far, no qualitative studies had been conducted on the topic of the work of these civil servants. In addition to that, the Secretary-General’s annual reports drafted by this Office do not provide an understanding of the full scope of the work done in the DRC. Thus, this research project seeks to fill this gap. The analysis of the data collected shows that the creation of the mandate would have been premeditated: indeed, despite several Security Council resolutions and call for the end to conflict-related sexual violence, these crimes continue to be perpetrated. Thus, the mandate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict would have enabled the creation of the mandate of the SRSG-SVC, through advocacy work combined with multiple calls from the international community. The mandate’s goals which are ending conflict-related sexual violence around the world by helping to free victims’ voices, ensuring their reintegration into communities, filling gaps and strengthening knowledge about these crimes are shared by all respondents. In addition, the vision of their work within the Office is unanimously shared. However, respondents’ views differ when addressing the scope of the Office’s actions. The mandate still faces many challenges to end rape in war.
Braun, Lesley. "Dancing double binds : feminine virtue and women’s work in Kinshasa." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11683.
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