Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Femmes et guerre – Afrique subsaharienne'
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Sodjadan, Amévi. "Le genre et la question identitaire dans les crises et conflits en Afrique subsaharienne : cas du Togo et de la Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080059.
Full textThe power dynamics that govern the relationship between man and woman creates inequalities that are the non-effectiveness of the rights of women, the stereotypes often associated to women as well as violence against them. These significant inequalities in normal times or peace times, worsen during the sociopolitical crises and armed conflicts where gender based violence (GBV) is now established as a weapon of war to destroy the opponent, its identity and its people. The objective of this research is to address the impacts, issues of gender and identity during crises and conflicts as well as during peacebuilding processes. Using the socio-political life of Togo and Côte d'Ivoire as case studies, the research seeks to observe the situation of crisis and armed conflict in a country, the impact of belonging to an identity, and the worsening of gender inequality and addresses the consequences of the crises and the importance of women whose negligence contributes to the failure of peace processes, and finally aims at the inclusion of identity and gender as important considerations in peacebuilding process
Martinez, Kamir. "Entre violence et resistance : la réinsertion de la femme africaine subsaharienne dans l'histoire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA018/document.
Full textIn relation to the immediate history, contemporary African literature contributes to the denunciation of the violence of postcolonial regimes and civil wars. These new forms of writing are characterized both by the urgency and by the intention to move away from European forms, giving rise to a universalizing writing and the claim of the novel as a work of art. This contribution is proposed, from nine Francophone, Anglophone and Hispanophone novels published between 1990 and 2000, to explore and analyse the reintegration of Sub-Saharan African women in the official archives. Through fictional testimonies inspired by real facts and stories of the private sphere, these authors create a new imagination about African women evolving between violence and resistance. Through an interdisciplinary approach, we will try to identify the images of the woman in these novels, as well as the stylistic and linguistic means in the process of the reinterpretation of the archives and the reintegration of the African Sub-Saharan woman in history
En relación a la historia inmediata, la literatura africana contemporánea contribuye a la denuncia de la violencia de los regímenes poscoloniales y de las guerras civiles. Estas nuevas formas de escritura se caracterizan tanto por la urgencia de escribir como por la intención de alejarse de las formas de expresión europeas, dando lugar a una escritura universal y a la reivindicación de la novela como obra de arte. Esta contribución se propone de explorar y analizar la reintegración de las mujeres africanas subsaharianas a los archivos oficiales, a partir de nueve novelas de expresión francesa, inglesa y española, publicadas entre 1990 y 2000. A través de testimonios ficticios inspirados por hechos reales e historias de la vida privada, estos autores y autoras crean una nueva imagen de las mujeres africanas desenvolviéndose entre la violencia y la resistencia. A través de un enfoque interdisciplinario, intentaremos identificar las imágenes de la mujer en estas novelas, así como el estilo y el lenguaje en el proceso de reinterpretación de los archivos y la reintegración de la mujer africana subsahariana en la historia
Koloma, Yaya. "Pauvreté, genre et microfinance en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Mali." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40057.
Full textThe problematic of the correlation between poverty, gender and microfinance is, at the moment, central to many theoretical and empirical analyses in developing countries like Mali. Despite the implementation of many development programs, the current persistence of poverty, and its configuration according to gender concerns led partircularly to pay attention to the women having access to the microfinance services, including microcredit. This particularity is based on three fundamental factors : (i) a higher proportion of women in the category of poor and poorest, (ii) good performance in term of repayment compared to the men, and (iii) a supposed efficient useful of microfinance services for the household well-being benefit. However, the plurality of approaches and contrasted impact results raises questions about the real capacity of microfinance to help reduce poverty in Mali, counting beneficiaries' gender. In this sense, the interest of this research is to understand, in a comparative dimension, the impact or the microfinance effects from different methods of statistical analysis and econometric techniques, in order to highlight the potential correlation and causality in particular. Overall, the analysis can interfere, statistically, that (i) women beneficiaries are poorer than male recipients, and econometrically that (ii) microfinance appears to contribute to the poverty reduction among beneficiaries in Mali, and in the causality sense, (iii) the effects are relatively more important in reducing poverty among women compared to men beneficiaries. Thus, the cardinal question that this thesis is following : Does the microfinance constitute an efficient instrument for reducing poverty according to the gender beneficiaries ?
Biruka, Innocent. "La protection de la femme et de l'enfant dans les conflits armés en Afrique /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40966219p.
Full textOuoba, Yienouyaba Gaetan. "Capital humain des femmes et utilisation de la biomasse verte : évidence de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68419.
Full textMve, Mbega Tobie. "La politique de défense et de sécurité de la France en Afrique à l'épreuve de l'après-Guerre Froide." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10064.
Full textBen, Lazrak Asma. "Empowerment et économie sociale et solidaire : étude de cas d'organisations féminines en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE004/document.
Full textThe objectives of this work are to analyse different practices of social and solidarity economy that enable African women to move beyond vulnerability. Income generating activities involve both an increase in individual and collective empowerment of women, and in addition - further development of their communities. African women are key agents of change through individual actions, but most of all - though collective once. In Africa, as well as in various countries of the South, female organisations are not only a place for women to gain some economic independence, but a genuine areas of freedom and exchange, that allow them to come out of isolation, to learn new skills, and to have more esteem and self-confidence as individuals in their own rights alongside the men in a patriarchal societies. It is through these activities that women strengthen their role, their social status, and reinforce their femininity and presence Women's organisations, in different degree, manage to gain some success. The positive impact of women's participation in these groups suggests that the individual or collective empowerment of poor women is possible by opting for alternative solutions based on practical and collective actions that develop more capacity and greater freedom. In this sense, Sen's capability approach is relevant to the extent, that it reinforces the importance of women's activities within the social economy, thereby strengthening the gains in terms of empowerment. The main function of female economic organisations is to enable women members to be able to support themselves through mobilisation and redistribution of resources and therefore help them out of poverty. These women who are active in organisations and are often responsible for the family, often seek most financial means to meet their family and social obligations. Through our work, we have identified further significant gains for women as individuals, as well as in a collective, but these gains are less quantifiable. The context of crisis and insecurity gives women's activities a very important social role especially in the South, where the feminisation of poverty is important
Edusei, Gladys. "Conflit armés et développement en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24024.
Full textConflicts are frequent in sub-saharan African countries since their independence and unfortunately people consider such situation to be normal. This frequency seems to reinforce the idea that Africans are naturally unable to manage their resources. African conflicts are also very often considered as a result of African culture, which is termed as a violent and agressuve. If conflicts are obviously an obstacle to development, they are also the consequence of undevelopment in Africa.The objective of the PhD is to understand the ceonomic basis of armed conflicts in sub-saharan Africa. In other words, we seek toidentify economic causes of conflicts. The main variables observed are GDP per capita, international aid, raw materials for export, government debt, foreign direct investment, population, food and water. We confirm that any process that helps improve economic development in sub-saharan African countries is a way to avoid new conflicts
Ndembi, Ndembi Aimée Patricia. "Contraception et désir d'enfant : approches psychologiques et culturelles de la sexualité des femmes gabonaises." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0031.
Full textTobia-Chadeisson, Michèle. "Faiseurs de Dieux : les notions de fétiche et de fétichisme en France depuis la découverte de l'Afrique jusqu'à la première guerre mondiale." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010665.
Full text"Fetish" and "fetishism" are often employed in the anthropological, the psycho analytic and the economic discourse. This study refers more specifically to the meanings of these two notions through the travel and anthropological french literature. The first part of this study refers to the formation, the expansion and the decline of the term and the notion "fetishism" in the anthropological discourse. The second part refers to the term "fetish", which had a different destiny. Etymologically anterior to the term "fetishism", it remains, after many attempts of substitution, into the anthropological and the aesthetical discourse and thought. Its wander since its origins, the circumstances and the causes of its engravement in africa, its variations, meanings and successive shapes are defined. This chronicle takes end at the turn of World War I, when the term is about to vanish. Part three of this essay, will consider the substances of the fetish-objects themselves, substances which are the main focus of our lack of understanding. Astonishly, we will finally see how the present discourses have reintroduced and restored the dialogue around this notion which seemed to be dismissed at the beginning of this century: banished from the anthropological, the history of religions and the aesthetical fields, no adequat term had been able to replace it
Stirn, Nora. "Repenser la justice transitionnelle en Afrique subsaharienne : concilier l'un et le multiple dans la reconstruction des sociétés post-guerre civile." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D031.
Full textThrough a comparative study of different African conflicts, this research aims at underlying the need for complementarity between the different judicial and extra-judicial mechanisms of the transitional justice process. Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Uganda, Darfur, Mozambique, every post-conflict situation has its own experience of Transitional Justice. There is no pre-conceived solution to solve a conflict, where the frontier between victims and perpetrators is constantly shaken, and with mass atrocities committed by both sides. Be it International Justice, National Justice, Truth and Reconciliation Commissions, or Local and Traditional Justice, none of these mechanisms of Transitional Justice can be efficient if they aren't any linkage between them and if they are not adapted to each specific contexts. For post-conflict justice to be a catalyst toward Reconciliation and a Sustainable Peace, peacemakers have to look deep into the political, the historical, and structural reasons that led to the commission of international crimes. The purpose of this PhD project is to encourage the adoption of a renewed plural vision of Justice in Africa, which would meet more specifically the needs of the war-torn population for a long-term peaceful society
Messa, Wambe Caroline Flore. "Femmes auteures, femmes publiques : mise en abyme de l'écrivaine par les romancières d'Afrique subsaharienne et du monde insulaire d'expression française, dans leurs productions littéraires contemporaines." Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO2006.
Full textThe women's literature since its true take-off in the 1980s, in sub-Saharan Africa as in the island world of French speaking is more and more prolific. The women writers are making history and mark the minds. Their narrative processes imply and require a close link with readers. The written subject writes about herself. In fact, as well as the title of this thesis expresses, it is to observe the status of the woman writer in the contemporary productions of Africa's novelists and those of the island world of French speaking. Further to the language, the literary style, themes and ideologies, these women writers have a common history, especially slavery and colonization which reinforce and justify the various reconciliations made. The status of women, in this study, remains important and is even a priority, because it is all about this : investigate the woman writer's status as shown in their novels. Women, they question themselves on the future of the woman in their respective society, in particular on that of the woman writer, from which the book child and the testimony book emerge, just to mention those examples. The point is to analyze "the fictional visions" that the women writers have in regard to their job, to observe other's consideration, attention, legitimacy and the credit granted to them. It is therefore about studying in the condition in which the women produce their novels, the publication's possibilities, promotion and distribution of the book, in a comparative approach and analytical method
Sevrain, Emilie. "Des pensées politiques subversives aux conduites révolutionnaires : les personnages feminins dans les littératures francophones de l'Afrique subsaharienne : (1975 à 2005)." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131009.
Full textFurther to the violent colonial conquests and the postcolonial civil wars, many writers, men and women, applied themselves to depict contemporary Africa's political and cultural upheavals. Female figures emerge from these struggles of power and the underlying resistance movements. Holding political sponsibilities or commited in revolutionary missions, they scope of African societies’tendancies to corruption and despotism through subversive speeches and/or protesting reactions. Based on recent texts published between 1975 and 2005, this dissertation proposes to highlight the rhetorical and stylistic processes at work in the development of a women’s political imaginary. Following an interdisciplinary methodology, we will try to determine the cultural and ideological issues of these constant features and/or poetic innovations in the rewriting, modelling or subversion processes of African struggles’memory
Moji, Polo Belina. "Réimaginer la nation : nationalisme africain, engagement sociopolitique et autoreprésentation chez les romancières subsahariennes." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030130/document.
Full textNationalism in sub-Saharan Africa « imagines » a homogenous national identity embedded in the mythology of African uniqueness, which represents the woman symbol of cultural roots (the “Mother Africa “trope). This study analyses how the sub-Saharan female novelist (the woman as a mute, extra-historical and apolitical object of culture) appropriates African nationalism (re-imagines the nation) to define a new identity for African womanhood. The study tests the hypothesis that a marginal subject reveals itself in “border location” according to its similarity or difference to dominant subjects. It analyses political nationality (citizenship), cultural nationality (Africanness), and their interaction within the representation of female national identity. And They Didn’t Die and Nehanda evoke liberation movements in South Africa and Zimbabwe to recontextualise women’s cultural affiliation (the woman “pot of culture)” between tradition and modernity. Matins de couvre-feu and L’Ex-père de la nation depict the post-independence disillusionment of Senegal and the Ivory Coast to subvert the dichotomy of public and private spheres which construct a male centred State (the “Father of the Nation”) and the woman-centred “domestic” sphere. Finally, Destination Biafra highlights ethnic nationalism in Nigeria to illustrate the problematic of the intertwining of cultural and political nationalities resulting from the paradoxical construction of the African nation-state: A State (a geo-political space) defined by modern borders and a supranational nation (“imagined community”) delimited by the symbolic borders of a pre-colonial culture
Sawadogo, Martine. "Identification des facteurs qui influencent l’utilisation des services de santé sexuelle et reproductive chez les femmes immigrantes francophones d’Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34615.
Full textLe, Bars Joanne. "Conquérir la galère : géographie féministe postcoloniale de femmes sans-papiers venues d'Afrique subsaharienne et du Maghreb en région parisienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1130.
Full textMy dissertation draws on feminist and postcolonial geographies and the literature on working classes, and analyses the trajectories and senses of belonging of women with no legal status who have migrated alone from Subsaharan Africa or Maghreb to the region of Paris. The empirical ethnographic investigation was carried out between late 2009 and 2016 and involved 52 women. The first section of the dissertation reflexively examines the position in terms of gender, race and class from which the ethnography is conducted, and the awareness of the dominant position I had in this research as a young white heterosexual woman from the lower middle class of the French provinces. The second chapter deals with the discourses and practices of two types of women who accompany migrant women on a daily basis: psychologists and social workers. The women have a new geography of intimacy assigned to themselves as they arrive in France : their experiences are constructed according to the dominant categories of understanding of the society of arrival, their social difficulties are depicted as psychological and they are described in terms of postcolonial representations of the condition of « African » and « Arabic » women. The third section of the work looks at the ways in which, faced with these stereotypes and with the denial of rights, the migrant women resist these constraints. Ethnographic methods unearth the determinants of these women’s discourses and practices, along with an emphasis on trajectories and experiences of belonging, and material practices. They cast light on the social differenciations between these women and their multi-location on different scenes (that of activism, that of residence, that of work and their migration project). A geographical approach allows for a contextual, in-depth analysis of the materiality of places, spatial practices and appropriation, between public and private space, from rootedness in the local to the enforced mobility of seeking housing with the emergency services (115), from body to home, from neighbourhood to city and to the borders of the nation
Smires, Yasmine. "Politiques publiques et participation citoyenne des femmes aux radios communautaires au Sénégal : impacts sur les droits économiques et civils." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26261/26261.pdf.
Full textRadio has been a really important communication medium for African countries. The democratization experienced by the African countries helped to liberalize the media landscape. Furthermore, this liberalization helped the development of a specific kind of radio, community radios, that have ability of giving a voice to the voiceless. Beside the insufficient integration of women in the community radios, this study shows that this new communication tool has a relative importance on women’s economic and civil rights. The study shows what these impacts are, as well as their limits, and the place of governmental and non-governmental institutions in the development of this medium.
Diop, Mor. "Migration et prostitution : la prostitution comme étape dans les parcours de migration de femmes d'Afrique subsaharienne vers la France et l'Allemagne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG025.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to understand, on the one hand, the migratory trajectory of women from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe and, on the other hand, their entry into prostitution, that is to say, the reasons and factors that were responsible for them making the decision go into prostitution. For this study, I carried out an empirical project using a qualitative methodology based on the encounter, exchange and co-production of knowledge. Individual life stories were shared by women mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, working or having worked in the field of prostitution during their migratory journeys to Germany or to France. Overall, the goal is to analyze the trends that emerge from this study
Couttenier, Mathieu. "Facteurs naturels, influence politique, institutions et culture : une contribution aux causes fondamentales de l'économie du développement." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010041.
Full textNyingone, Léa. "Interlangue et radicalisation du discours féminin francophone d’Afrique septentrionale et d’Afrique subsaharienne : cas : Assia Djebar, Aminata Sow Fall, Calicthe Beyala et Nedjma." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0393.
Full textThe present study aims at analyzing the female speech in the texts of Assia Dejbar, Calixthe Beyala, Aminata Sow Fall and Nedjma. The title of the research accounts for two major concepts: interlanguage and radicalization. We base our reflection on three main bets, the first one, defines the interlanguage and questions the existence or not of objectives common to its use by women novelists. The second part, analyzes through new theoretical and critical approaches on language, novels Nowhere in my father's house, Naked woman, black woman, The strike of the battu and the almond. The third part deals with the notion of radicalization by emphasizing the language of the body, reflected in the whole of writing. The reading of the literary texts allowed to divide them into two categories. On the one hand, there are novels that lash and fight by means of a modest and reserved language, and, on the other hand, those who denounce and affirm themselves, through an extremely transgressive and violent language
Sene, Rosalie Demosse. "Expériences pré-migratoires et projets de vie socioprofessionnelle des femmes immigrantes ouest-africaines à Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29932/29932.pdf.
Full textThis research addresses the question of socio-professional insertion of immigrant women coming from the French-speaking West Africa, considered through their pre-migration experiences. This study describes precisely the reality of skilled (or qualified) immigrant women before, during and after the process of immigration and their socio-professional integration in Quebec City. Socio-demographic characteristics were used to collect information on participants and complete the portrait of their reality. This study is meant to be descriptive and qualitative. The topic of this research was selected for study in view of completing a lack of work on visible minority, particularly immigrant women from the French-speaking West Africa. Above all, it was an opportunity to explore the complexity of their socio-professional integration. This qualitative descriptive study using a symbolic interactionism perspective was employed in order to analyse the social phenomena of the immigrant women’s socio-professional integration. Moreover, this view allows to underline the interaction of the women with the host society. The human capital theory is added to give an overview about their abilities and skills. After ten semi-structured interviews, the results of this research conclude and highlight the socio-professional capital of women coming from the French-speaking West-Africa before landing to Canada, their post-migration experience and finally the impact of it as a factor on their future projects and socio-professional integration. Nonetheless, the pre-migration experience does not appear as having an influence on their social integration but could be useful in the case of resumption of academic studies.
Burgos-Soto, Juan. "Santé de la femme, santé maternelle et infection par le VIH en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0242/document.
Full textHIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa is a major public health threat particularly for girls and women ofreproductive age. The research presented in this thesis was conducted particularly in West Africa andthe specific objectives are i) to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence according to HIVserological status; ii) to estimate the incidence rate of pregnancy following ART initiation; iii) todetermine the effect of pregnancy after ART initiation on the risk of death, HIV-disease progressionand loss to follow-up. Firstly, in Togo, According to our findings, the prevalence rates of lifetimephysical and sexual violence (IPV) among HIV-infected women were significantly higher thanamong uninfected women (63.1 vs. 39.3%, p=0.01 and 69.7 vs. 35.3%, p=0.01, respectively).Secondly, Among HIV-infected West African women, the crude incidence of first pregnancy afterART initiation was 2.9 per 100 women-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7 to 3.0] and it could beas high as 4.7 per 100 women-years (95% CI: 4.3 to 5.1) among women aged 25-29 years old. Finally,pregnancy after ART initiation appeared to reduce the risk of death or HIV-disease progression(Adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] =0.61; 95%CI: 0.40-0.92) and the risk of becoming LTFU at M48(aHR=0.74; 95%CI: 0.60-0.92) among West African HIV-infected women. Intimate partner violence ishighly prevalent among HIV-infected women and it may have negative repercussions on their healthstatus. Pregnancy is a common event after ART initiation and it might have repercussions on thehealth status of HIV-infected women. The design of safe motherhood programs addressed to HIVinfectedwomen and its integration within HIV care services must are a public health priority in sub-Saharan Africa
Nazé, Fabienne Aline. "Le point de vue des femmes issues de l'immigration récente et d'origine africaine sur les facteurs explicatifs, les types et les conséquences de la violence conjugale en Afrique noire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29078/29078.pdf.
Full textHotte, Rozenn. "Mariage et bien-être de l'épouse en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH001.
Full textIn West Africa, marriage is a major social institution. In Senegal, for example, in 2006, nearly 90% of women over 25 years of age were once married. It represents also a major disruption the daily life, especially for the bride, who in most cases leaves the household in which she grew up. Another important feature of marriage in West Africa is that it involves a large set of actors: not only the couple but also their parents and extended family. The ceremony is also characterized by important financial exchanges, between different people: the bride's, groom's and neighbours' families. These stylized facts can be examined in terms of their relationship to women's well-being within their households. The objective of this thesis is to add to the study of the subject.In the first chapter, we consider whether parents have incentives to marry their children to a member of the kin group in order to better insure against adverse idiosyncratic income shocks.Exploiting original panel data from a household survey collected in Senegal in 2006/2007 and 2011/2012, we find that daughters' within-kin-group marriage helps their parents' household to better smooth food consumption when a parent has fallen ill.This better smoothing is notably driven by the fact that households having married a daughter within the kin group receive relatively more transfers. Our results indicate that parents' demand for insurance can explain part of their demand for marrying within the kin group their daughter. They extend the literature on inter-linkages between marriage decisions and demand for insurance. The second chapter examines the impact of an education policy on women's well-being in Benin. Taking advantage of a sharp increase in school constructions in the 1990s in this country, we assess the causal impact of a primary education program on primary school attendance, age at marriage and tolerance of intimate partner violence. Using a double difference method, along with a regression kink design, we find that the program increased the probability to attend primary school in rural areas. The policy also decreased the probability to find wife beating tolerable. We show that, in this context, the benefits of girls' education have percolated down to women's well-being beyond the initial goal of the policy. In the third chapter, we investigate the relationship between the bride price and the well-being of the wife in her household. We take into account, the simultaneous existence of other marriage payments, flowing in different directions between the stakeholder, that is largely ignored. To assess the impacts of these marital transferson the women's well-being in Senegal, we use a unique survey that enquires separately about the different marriage payments. We highlight the strength of the link between what is given to the bride herself and her welfare, contrary to the looseness of the link with what is given to the family
Poilbout, Aurélien. "La stratégie française en Afrique pendant la Guerre froide : le rôle de l'armée de l'air, entre présence et interventions." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30073.
Full textSince the end of World War II and the subsequent end of colonialism, France has become the sole external power engaged in Africa to have preserved a permanent military presence in the sub-Saharan region. The French Air Force played a major role in the defense of African territories during the Cold War. As a military tool of French power, its actions have had to be regulated according to major political upheavals and regional crises. Having first served as a stabilising presence protecting the security of the French Union, it transformed itself into a post-colonial intervention force able to react in Africa both locally and from airbases in metropolitan France. The French Air Force has become one of the most important means available to France to uphold its obligations to its bilateral defense agreements with its former colonies against third party aggression. Nonetheless, the fragility of newly created African states has frequently called into question this new French military strategy for Africa. French air forces in the African theatre of operations must be capable of conducting crisis management at the local level, but also remain ready to conduct high-level warfare in the African theater of operations. The decision to permanently commit the French Air Force to the defense of a zone of action far from metropolitan France requires a constant reevaluation of doctrinal, organisational and technological choices; and of its international relations with its African interlocutors. The French Air Force has played a critical role in French international relations in Africa and its overseas commitments have largely shaped its evolution. In this fashion, the French Air Force carries with it the legacy of its operations on the African continent
Larmarange, Joseph. "Prévalences du VIH en Afrique : validité d'une mesure." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320283.
Full textLes EDS constituent un bon indicateur du niveau des épidémies à l'échelle national et régional, voir infrarégional grâce au recours à des techniques d'analyse spatiale en composantes d'échelles. Mais leur fréquence est inadaptée pour mesurer les évolutions à court terme. La surveillance sentinelle, estimateur local des ordres de grandeur, peut être un indicateur de tendances sous certaines conditions. Cependant, si la situation actuelle commence à être mieux connue, une mesure réelle des dynamiques est encore hors de notre portée.
Castetbon, Katia. "Nutrition et infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine en Afrique sub-Saharienne: aspects anthropométriques chez l'adulte (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 1995-1997) et la femme enceinte (Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1994)." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28588.
Full textEscoffier, Claire. "Communautés d'itinérance et savoir-circuler des transmigrant-e-s au Maghreb." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085929.
Full textRizzo, Elisa. "Essays on education and stages of growth." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E052/document.
Full textThis work is composed by three chapters, two of them deal with education and public education policies related to crime, one focuses on the relationship between education and birth spacing and fertility. In the first chapter I study the mechanisms at play between education and crime when the government introduces a policy to increase the access to education and whether choosing the right policy design we are able to reduce crime despite the raise in the aggregate wealth generated by human capital growth. In the second chapter I analyse the dynamic relation between education access, education quality and crime deterrence technology, to characterize the conditions under which crime drops and the implied role of education. The third chapter is an empirical study of the relationship between education and fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa, between economics and demography. Even if the topic and the methods of the first two papers differ a lot from the third one, they are all related by the interest to understand better the role of education in economic growth. Both crime and violence and high fertility rates and population growth, for diverse reasons and through peculiar dynamics, undermine economic investment and growth potential. The goal of this thesis is therefore to give a contribution to understand these reasons and these dynamics, with special attention to developing countries where free access to education is a recent achievement and where there is still work to do to improve the quality of the education system and teaching
Anouilh, Pierre. "Sant'Egidio et les métamorphoses de la fabrique de la paix : une étude comparée Mozambique-Burundi." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40011.
Full textUnexpected mediator during the Mozambican civil war, well-known and legitimate peace broker during its mediation in Burundi, the Roman Catholic community of Sant'Egidio appears as a peculiar agent of contemporary conflict resolution. But its diplomantic activity, usually considered as "natural", has never been really investigated in relation with the conflicts in which the community got involved. By focusing on a political sociology of transnational dynamics of alternative pacification, our comparative study, grounded on several fieldworks in Africa and Italia, aim at avoiding the heuristic deadlocks in which the leading paradigms of conflict resolution and international relations theory stay embedded. The first two parts share the same objective : highlighting the contengency and questioning the obviouness and the necessity of Sant'Egidio' s practice of "parallel diplomacy" in the Mozambican conflict and in the Burundian violent crises. What were the connexions, the conflict dynamics, the strategies and configurations of power that allowed Sant'Egidio to become a preferred negociator in the first place ? Following the critical (re)reading of the egidian peace in Africa, the mediation undertaken by this Christian community will be linked, in a third part, with the actual transformations of peacemaking and conflict resolution. In conclusion, the peace mediations of sant'Egidio will be investigated through a short archaeology of its recognition and legitimacy as an efficient global peace broker. What do reveal Sant'Egidio 's peacemaking activities regarding the post Cold war government of the "new civil wars" ?
Poirier, Thomas. "Education pour tous : l'aléa des Etats fragiles." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760959.
Full textWayack, Pambè Madeleine. "Genre, sexe du chef de ménage et scolarisation des enfants à Ouagadougou." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100186.
Full textThis thesis examines the mediating role of gender in the demand for child education in Ouagadougou. It specifically addresses the influence of women in the modification of educational inequalities within households. The research utilizes census data from 2006, data from a quantitative study on the involvement of fathers and mothers in education, and semi-structures interviews with female heads of household conducted in 2009, to elaborate on results often observed in sub-Saharan Africa that children are often better educated in female-headed households. The analysis deals primarily with sociological priorities of the status of the “female head of household” and examines the element that legitimizes them as a distinct category from male heads of household, creating a cohesive group. The study focuses then on the relationship between demand for schooling and the sex of the head of household as well as, the sex of children in relation to family status. The results demonstrate that regardless the status of the head of household, particular family configurations with structures headed by women provide a conducive environment for the education of children, especially for boys. A complex and ambiguous finding also emerged in regards to the schools of these households, which proved to be more harmful to the education of some girls as a result of unequal gender relations in society exacerbated by the need for domestic labor in urban families. This thesis sheds light on the potential for census data to provide a gender-based approach to family education strategies in urban Burkina Faso
Pope, Julie. "Émancipation et création poétique. De la Négritude à l' écriture féminine à l'exemple d'Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sedar Senghor, Ahmadou Kourouma, Calixthe Beyala." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030067.
Full textIn the context of the independences of former French colonies, the poetic impetus of militant authors such as Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sédar Senghor or Léon-Gontran Damas is adamantly linked to the rebuttal of colonialism and to political activism. Intellectuals, writers, and artists strongly condemn European imperialisms. For the “Négritude” poets, poetry stands as the most obvious testimony of political and literary commitment. Their poetic works, relying both on oral practices inherited from Africa and on relatively classic prosodic styles, is the vehicle for political messages and reclaiming of African culture. Subsequently, novel writing in sub-Saharian Africa tackles more and more themes of slavery, colonization, colonial alienation, neo-colonialism, all of this becoming empowering processes. The question is to open on a renewed vision of the world, giving the French language a new creative trace, through the authors’ representation. Therefore, Francophone literature reclaims its singularity. This is especially true with Cameroon and Congo: for instance, Ahmadou Kourouma posits that his literature is malinké. Tchicaya U. Tam’si declares that if the French language is colonizing him, then he colonizes it in turn. The colonized rebellion paradoxically leans on the French colonizer language, while trying to displace and advance it through writing. Francophone literature in sub-Saharian Africa is the place of differences and of “différances”, for it bears the traces of many sociological reflexions, and becomes, through its diversity, a place for creativity, liberty and hybridity. We also witness the rise of political protest novel against dictatures, corruption, civil wars ; for example Ahmadou Kourouma, writing Allah n’est pas obligé, does not bother anymore with the rules of literature but excels in the practice of a “rotten language” to describe an atrocious war. This is a form of creativity similar to the one that give birth to creole, “français petit-nègre”, “camfranglais” and one that African sub-Saharian literature explore. It is in this perspective opened by subversive writing and reading practices that women emancipation in Africa takes place. The case of Calixthe Beyala, among others, illustrates this evolution of the status of women in society, beyond the sexual male/female divide. This process stems from post-colonialism and independentist movements gaining power and focus in the XXth century. Women distinguish themselves thanks to their writing and speech in a public sphere reserved to men. Novels written by sub-Saharian African women carefully describe traditional practices, polygamy, forced marriages. These writers, through their acquired freedom speech, have gained the power to participate in the public debate. This form of emancipation takes hold of a language and an art formerly reserved to men because of traditions. Violence, slang words, obscene or pornographic language are no longer part of a male monopoly on poetic language. This poetic creation is vested differently by women writers, who are therefore able to express themselves
Siwe, Siwe Espérance. "L'approche "Genre et développement" : les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) québécoises en Afrique subsaharienne." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17555.
Full textBoileau, Catherine. "Déterminants des comportements sexuels à risque pour le VIH/SIDA chez les jeunes femmes et hommes de Bamako (Mali)." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17767.
Full textMouchingam, Mefire Laurentine. "Politiques publiques, programmes et projets sensibles au genre : cas de la communauté Mandjara au Cameroun." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20435.
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