Journal articles: 'Femmes – Mauritanie'

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Tauzin, Aline. "Excision et identité féminine. L'exemple mauritanien." Anthropologie et Sociétés 12, no. 1 (September 10, 2003): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015003ar.

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Résumé 37 RÉSUMÉ / ABSTRACT Excision et identité féminine. L'exemple mauritanien En offrant l'exemple de l'excision sexuelle chez les Maures de Mauritanie, l'auteure montre qu'une pratique sociale doit être comprise dans le contexte plus large de la construction culturelle de l'identité féminine et des rapports sociaux et politiques entre les sexes. L'examen mène à conclure qu'il est beaucoup trop simple de comprendre l'excision comme une marque de domination des femmes par les hommes, car elle s'inscrit à la conjonction de deux logiques qui, en contrôlant le désir des femmes, assure en même temps leur pouvoir sur les hommes.

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Blanchard de La Brosse, Véronique. "Riz des femmes, riz des hommes au Guidimaka (Mauritanie)." Études rurales 115, no. 1 (1989): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rural.1989.3254.

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Mohamed, Mariem Sidi, Setty Sass, Ahmed Zein, Ahmed Lbarae, Abderrazzak Khadmaoui, L. Aicha Lrhorf, Benharbit Oumaima, and Rachid Bengueddour. "Etude Prospective Du Profil Épidémiologique Des Femmes Enceintes Pré-Éclamptiques En Mauritanie." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 36 (December 31, 2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n36p124.

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Pre-eclampsia is a major public health problem in pregnant women. The objective of our study is to describe the socio-demographic and epidemiological profile of pre-eclampsia women. As a result, we conducted a prospective study in the maternity ward of the CHEIKH ZAYED Hospital Center in Nouakchott, during the period from August 2015 to September 2016. In addition, 360 pregnant women were interviewed, 31% (n = 112) with complications of arterial hypertension. In addition, 50 patients among these hypertensive women were pre-eclampsia, of whom 46% were between 20 and 30 years of age, 52% were black and 82% had no fixed profession. Multiple pre-eclampsia gestures accounted for over half of the cases (62%). Nevertheless, contrary to the literature, our outcome results are much more alarming, which calls for an adequate and effective intervention to deal with this scourge.

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Fall-Malick, F. Z., A. O. Bara, M. Lam, M. Mint Beibacar, K. Ba, H. Ba, I. Ould Ghady, et al. "Surveillance sentinelle du VIH chez les femmes enceintes en Mauritanie entre 2001 et 2007." Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique 103, no. 4 (March 6, 2010): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13149-010-0042-3.

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Evrard, Camille, and Erin Pettigrew. "Encore une nouvelle victime... Le long chemin d’une législation à l’égard des femmes en Mauritanie." L'Année du Maghreb, no. 23 (December 20, 2020): 271–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/anneemaghreb.6761.

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Sy, O., K. Diongue, C. B. Ahmed, O. Ba, F. C. Moulay, B. Lo, and D. Ndiaye. "Candidoses vulvo-vaginales chez les femmes enceintes au centre hospitalier Mère et Enfant de Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Journal de Mycologie Médicale 28, no. 2 (June 2018): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.006.

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Fortier, Corinne. "Vulnérabilité, mobilité et ségrégation des femmes dans l’espace public masculin : point de vue comparé (France-Mauritanie-Égypte)." Égypte/Monde arabe, no. 9 (January 1, 2012): 71–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ema.2999.

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Ould Ahmed, M., and A. N'Daw. "Caractérisation de l’élevage familial de la poule locale (Gallus gallus) dans la région de Trarza en Mauritanie." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 57 (December 2015): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633615000284.

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RésuméCette étude a été entreprise dans trois villages de la région de Trarza en Mauritanie, afin de caractériser la poule locale. Dans les trois villages enquêtés tous les éleveurs ont été interviewés suivant un questionnaire rédigé en français et traduit oralement enhassanyaou enpoular(langues nationales) si nécessaire. Au total, 56 ménages ont été enquêtés et 260 oiseaux (69 coqs et 191 poules) ont été pesés et mesurés. Il ressort de l’étude que l'aviculture familiale est une activité sous la responsabilité des femmes. Malgré son importance socio-économique, elle n'est pas considérée comme une activité principale chez les enquêtés. L'alimentation, la santé et la faible productivité des poules ont été déclarées comme les principales préoccupations des éleveurs. L’âge moyen des poules à l'entrée en ponte est de 6 mois. Le poids moyen des mâles est de 1324 ± 249 g. Celui des femelles est de 1028 ± 229 g. Le poids moyen pour les deux sexes confondus est de 1107 ± 268 g. Le poids moyen de l’œuf est de 31 ± 4,81 g. Le poids moyen de poussin d'un jour est de 26 ± 6,03 g. Toutes les mensurations corporelles considérées sont plus élevées significativement (p < 0,05) chez les mâles. La variabilité observée des caractères permet d'envisager des possibilités de sélection de souches répondant aux besoins des éleveurs. Chez la poule locale le plumage est très varié et présente plusieurs colorations.

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Djigo, Oum Kelthoum Mamadou, Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem, Sileye Mamadou Diallo, Mohamed Abdallahi Bollahi, Boushab Mohamed Boushab, Aymeric Garre, Nasserdine Papa Mze, Leonardo Basco, Sébastien Briolant, and Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary. "Molecular Epidemiology of G6PD Genotypes in Different Ethnic Groups Residing in Saharan and Sahelian Zones of Mauritania." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080931.

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Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic in Mauritania. Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may develop acute hemolytic anemia when exposed to 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs, which are indispensable for a complete cure. The prevalence of G6PD allelic variants was assessed in different ethno-linguistic groups present in Mauritania. A total of 996 blood samples (447 males and 549 females; 499 white Moors and 497 individuals of black African ancestry) were collected from febrile patients in 6 different study sites: Aleg, Atar, Kiffa, Kobeni, Nouakchott, and Rosso. The presence of the African-type G6PD A- (G202A, A376G, A542T, G680T, and T968C mutations) and the Mediterranean-type G6PD B- (C563T) variants was assessed by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or DNA sequencing. The prevalence of African-type G6PD A- genotype was 3.6% (36/996), with 6.3% (28/447) of hemizygote (A-) males and 1.5% (8/549) of homozygous (A-A-) females. Forty of 549 (7.3%) women were heterozygous (AA-). The following genotypes were observed among hemizygous men and/or homozygous women: A376G/G202A (22/996; 2.2%), A376G/T968C Betica-Selma (12/996; 1.2%), and A376G/A542T Santamaria (2/996; 0.2%). The Mediterranean-type G6PD B- genotype was not observed. The prevalence rates of G6PD A- genotype in male (10/243; 4.1%) and heterozygous female (6/256; 2.3%) white Moors were lower (p < 0.05) than those of males (18/204; 8.8%) and heterozygous females (34/293; 11.6%) of black African ancestry. There were only a few homozygous women among both white Moors (3/256; 1.2%) and those of black African ancestry (5/293; 1.7%). The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Mauritania was comparable to that of neighboring countries in the Maghreb. Because of the purportedly close ethnic ties between the Mauritanian white Moors and the peoples in the Maghreb, further investigations on the possible existence of the Mediterranean-type allele are required. Moreover, a surveillance system of G6PD phenotype and/or genotype screening is warranted to establish and monitor a population-based prevalence of G6PD deficiency.

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Bonte, Pierre. "Donneurs de femmes ou preneurs d'hommes ? Les Awlad Qaylan, tribu de l'Adrar mauritanien." L'Homme 27, no. 102 (1987): 54–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hom.1987.368811.

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11

Boulay, Sebastien. "Le savoir-faire des femmes Imrâgen du littoral mauritanien à l'épreuve de la mondialisation." Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances 5, 3, no. 3 (2011): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rac.014.0492.

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12

Tauzin, Aline. "La femme et la jouissance interdite. Différence des sexes dans la société maure de Mauritanie." Essaim 10, no. 2 (2002): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ess.010.0107.

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13

Hernández-García, V., and J. J. Castro. "Morphological Variability in Illex Coindetii (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) Along the North-West Coast of Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 4 (November 1998): 1259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044477.

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This paper gives morphometric variations and dorsal mantle length–total weight (DML-TW) relationships for Illex coindetii in the eastern Central Atlantic area. Positive allometry was observed in males and negative in females of the species. The most variable body measurements between males and females were width and perimeter of the head. In the study area, divergence of morphometric measurement starts at 95 mm. The point of divergence, however, varies with latitude; fluctuating from 104 mm in the north (Morocco and Sahara) to 76 mm in the central area (Mauritania and north of Senegal) and 73 mm in the south (Gulf of Guinea).The relationships between DML and TW showed that sexual dimorphism due to differential growth between males and females starts to occur at 56 mm ML. The starting point of sexual dimorphism (56 mm) varies according to the zone; the higher the latitude, the later it occurs. Thus, sexual dimorphism occurs at 49 mm in the south (Gulf of Guinea), at 54 mm in the central area (Mauritania and north of Senegal) and at 74 mm in the north (Morocco and Sahara). Females grow larger than males, but males were heavier at any given length. As latitude decreased, a slow down in the increase in weight-at-length was observed in both sexes.

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Laptikhovsky, V. V. "First data on fecundity of the squid Abralia veranyi (Cephalopoda: Enoploteuthidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 6 (December 1999): 1135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001447.

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Investigation of the fecundity in Abralia veranyi from the Mauritanian slope showed that potential fecundity of this species is 10,000–26,000 including 1200–2400 (mean 1900) yolk oocytes and ripe eggs. Up to 1000 ripe eggs of 0.7–0.8×0.8–0.9 mm (mean weight 0.30 mg) were found in oviducts. In mated females there were found 13–226 (mean 71) spermatangia. Spawning is intermittent.

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Pupin, Fabio, Roberto Sacchi, Stefano Scali, Alessandra Binda, Marco Zuffi, Mauro Fasola, Eleonora Boncompagni, and Paolo Galeotti. "Blood cell morphology of the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica." Amphibia-Reptilia 28, no. 4 (2007): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807782152615.

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Abstract The morphology of erythrocytes, trombocytes, monocytes, basophils and lymphocytes on Moorish geckos (Tarentola mauritanica) is quite similar to that of other reptiles, even though some peculiarities were detected for heterophils and eosinophils. Moreover, we found a fourth type of granulocyte whose morphology highly differs from both heterophils and eosinophils. Sexually-based differences in the relative abundance of different types of leukocytes was detected: lymphocytes were the most frequent in females, while heterophils and eosinophils prevailed in males. Interestingly, in most individuals we found intra-erythrocytic vacuoles whose structure is similar to that previously described as Chelonoplasma in tortoises and Serpentoplasma in snakes.

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Chellai, Fatih, and Naima Boudrissa. "Excess Infant Mortality of Twins Over Singletons in Arab Countries: The Evidence of Relative Survival Methods." Twin Research and Human Genetics 22, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.30.

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AbstractThere are no studies and only limited data that compare the difference in mortality between twins and singletons in the Arab world. We studied the survival of 306,966 children, including 9,280 twins, over the period 1970–2013 in six Arab countries (Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Mauritania, Sudan and Tunisia) based on the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) database. With the use of relative survival models, we estimated the mortality of twins relative to singletons by including socioeconomic and demographic variables. This study confirms the results of previous studies on the excess risk of death of twins compared to singletons. There is evidence that excess mortality decreases with follow-up; in addition, male twins have a higher risk of death compared to females for all countries except Tunisia. Wealth index and education levels of women are factors that influence the risk of mortality. It is recommended that these findings are considered when performing future health and population strategies in these Arab countries.

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Kuhn, Alexandre, Hugo Darras, and Serge Aron. "Phenotypic plasticity in an ant with strong caste–genotype association." Biology Letters 14, no. 1 (January 2018): 20170705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0705.

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Caste determination in social Hymenoptera (whether a female egg develops into a reproductive queen or a sterile worker) is a remarkable example of phenotypic plasticity where females with highly similar genomes exhibit striking differences in morphology and behaviour. This phenotypic dichotomy is typically influenced by environmental factors. However, recent studies have revealed a strong caste–genotype association in hybridogenetic ants: workers are all interlineage hybrids while queens are all purebred, suggesting that female caste fate is genetically determined. Using the hybridogenetic ant Cataglyphis mauritanica , we show that under laboratory conditions, purebred offspring develop into reproductive queens but occasionally give rise to workers. Moreover, while hybrids typically become workers, juvenile hormone treatment can switch their developmental pathway to the reproductive caste. These results indicate that phenotypic plasticity has been retained in an ant with a strong caste–genotype association, despite its lack of expression in natural conditions.

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Jurado-Ruzafa, Alba, Eva Hernández, Verónica Duque-Nogal, Pedro J. Pascual-Alayón, M. Nazaret Carrasco, Alejandro Sancho, and M. Teresa G. Santamaría. "Life history parameters of the round sardinella Sardinella aurita in the Central East Atlantic off north-west Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 6 (September 2020): 997–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531542000079x.

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AbstractSardinella aurita has become an important source of fish protein-intake in NW African countries, where one stock is considered from Morocco to south Senegal, performing seasonal reproductive migrations along the coast. Although data are limited for the fisheries involved and for life-history knowledge of the species in the area, a precautionary approach is recommended to avoid overexploitation. Commercial landings of round sardinella produced by the European freezer-pelagic trawlers operating in Mauritanian waters were analysed between May 2004 and February 2012. The length-weight relationships (LWRs) (N = 40,725) did not show significant differences between sexes. Ripening round sardinellas were present throughout the year, but spawning effort rose between June and December. The length at first maturity for males and females was estimated at 27.7 cm TL (2.1 years) and 28.1 cm TL (2.2 years), respectively. Ages were interpreted from otoliths, varying from 0 to 8 years. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters resulted in non-statistically significant differences between sexes (P = 0.28). Natural mortality was estimated at ~0.63 year–1. The results provide important biological information for fisheries assessment of a species that plays an important key role in the current climate change scenario and for the economies of the riparian countries.

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Li, X., K. Guo, Y. Zhang, X. Yan, and J. Zheng. "First Report of the Stubby Root Nematode, Paratrichodorus minor, in Mainland China." Plant Disease 94, no. 3 (March 2010): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-3-0376a.

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The stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974, is an economically important species. It not only causes direct damage to the meristemic tissues of plants, but also can be a vector of Tobacco rattle virus and Pepper ringspot virus (2). It has been documented in Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canary Islands, Cuba, Egypt, Fiji, India, Israel, Ivory Coast, Japan, Java, Mauritania, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Senegal, South Africa, Taiwan, Upper Volta, the United States, the former USSR, and Venezuela (1). During a recent investigation on Trichodoridae occurring in China, eight stubby root nematode populations were detected in Hainan, Yunnan, and Fujian provinces in the rhizospheres of eggplant (Solanum melongena), Chinaberry (Melia azedarach), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), longan (Dimocarpus longan), peach (Prunus persica), pear (Pyrus sp.), and walnut (Juglans regia) in soils ranging from clay to sand. The eight populations had similar morphological and molecular characters. The females were cigar shaped with rod-shaped vaginal sclerotization parallel to the longitudinal body axis with a quadrangular vagina in side view having a short vulval slit. The key morphometrics of females were consistent with those of P. minor: body length, 631 to 757 μm; body diameter, 27 to 43 μm; onchiostyle, 35 to 36 μm; a, 18 to 24; b, 4.9 to 5.5; v%, 53 to 55; length of vagina, 10.8 to 11.1 μm; and size of vaginal pieces, 1.7 to 1.9 μm. Males in P. minor are rare and were not found in any of the eight populations. Partial sequences of the 18s RNA gene of each population were amplified with forward primer 5′-AAA GAT TAA GCC ATG CAT G-3′ (2), and reverse primer 5′-AGT CAA ATT AAG CCG CAG-3′ (3), which yielded a PCR fragment of 1,153 bp. PCR products from all eight populations were sequenced and submitted to GenBank and assigned Accession Nos. GQ995703, GQ995704, GQ995705, GQ995706, GQ995707, GQ995708, GQ995709, and GQ995710. The sequences exhibited 99.8 to 100% similarity with those of P. minor isolates DQ345526, AM269897, AJ438052, AJ438053, and AJ438058 from GenBank. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed that all populations were P. minor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. minor in mainland China. References: (1) K. Boutsika et al. Nematology 6:145, 2004. (2) W. Decramer. The Family Trichodiridae: Stubby Root and Virus Vector Nematodes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1995. (3) I. S. Waite et al. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35:1165, 2003.

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Djigo, Oum Kelthoum Mamadou, Yacoub Ould Khalef, Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem, Nicolas Gomez, Leonardo Basco, Sébastien Briolant, and Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary. "Assessment of CareStart G6PD rapid diagnostic test and CareStart G6PD biosensor in Mauritania." Infectious Diseases of Poverty 10, no. 1 (August 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-021-00889-2.

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Abstract Background The elimination of Plasmodium vivax malaria requires 8-aminoquinolines, which are contraindicated in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency due to the risk of acute haemolytic anaemia. Several point-of-care devices have been developed to detect G6PD deficiency. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of two of these devices against G6PD genotypes in Mauritania. Methods Outpatients were screened for G6PD deficiency using CareStart™ rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and CareStart™ G6PD biosensor in Nouakchott, Mauritania, in 2019–2020. African-type and Mediterranean-type G6PD genotypes commonly observed in Africa were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Qualitative variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results Of 323 patients (74 males and 249 females), 5 males and 2 homozygous females had the African-type A- genotype: A−(202) in 3 males and 2 females and G6PD A−(968) in 2 males. Among heterozygous females, 13 carried G6PD A−(202), 12 G6PD A−(968), and 3 G6PD A−(542) variants. None had the Mediterranean-type G6PD genotype. Eight had a positive G6PD RDT result, including all 7 hemizygous males and homozygous females with A- or A-A- (0.12 to 2.34 IU/g haemoglobin, according to G6PD biosensor), but RDT performed poorly (sensitivity, 11.1% at the cut-off level of < 30%) and yielded many false negative tests. Thirty-seven (50.0%) males and 141 (56.6%) females were anaemic. The adjusted median values of G6PD activity were 5.72 and 5.34 IU/g haemoglobin in non-anaemic males (n = 35) and non-anaemic males and females (n = 130) with normal G6PD genotypes using G6PD biosensor, respectively. Based on the adjusted median of 5.34 IU/g haemoglobin, the performance of G6PD biosensor against genotyping was as follows: at 30% cut-off, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 91.7%, respectively, and at 80% cut-off, the sensitivity was 100% while the specificity was 64.9%. Conclusions Although this pilot study supports the utility of biosensor to screen for G6PD deficiency in patients, further investigation in parallel with spectrophotometry is required to promote and validate a more extensive use of this point-of-care device in areas where P. vivax is highly prevalent in Mauritania. Graphic abstract

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Javanbakht, Hossein, Pavel Široký, Peter Mikulíček, and Mozafar Sharifi. "Distribution and abundance of Hemolivia mauritanica (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) and its vector Hyalomma aegyptium in tortoises of Iran." Biologia 70, no. 2 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2015-0024.

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AbstractDistribution pattern, prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia of heteroxenous apicomplexan blood parasite Hemolivia mauritanica and its vector tick Hyalomma aegyptium have been studied in 264 tortoises (212 Testudo graeca and 52 T. horsfieldii) throughout the Iranian territory. In T. graeca the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia for H. mauritanica were recorded in the temperate mid and northern parts of the Iranian plateau, while the lowest values were found in the arid central part of Iran. No Hemolivia-positive samples were found in T. horsfieldii. Hyalomma aegyptium ticks were diagnosed in both tortoise species. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium were recorded in western part of Iran, where climatic conditions are not so arid compared to central and eastern parts. No significant differences were found in intensity of parasitaemia of H. mauritanica between males and females. Similarly, no differences in intensity of parasitaemia were detected between different age groups (adults; more than 10 years, young; 5-10 years and juveniles; less that 5 years). Prevalence of H. mauritanica and H. aegyptium in adults was higher than in young and in juveniles. While intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium was significantly higher in adult tortoises compare to juveniles, no significant difference were found between intensity of H. aegyptium infestation in male and female tortoises.

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Lira, Carlos, Juan Bolaños, Gonzalo Hernández, Jesús Hernández, and Régulo López. "PRIMER HALLAZGO DE APIOMITHRAX VIOLACEUS (A. MILNE-EDWARDS) (BRACHYURA: EPIALTIDAE: PISINAE) PARA EL CARIBE." Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research 39, no. 2 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2010.39.2.157.

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Up to now, the sub-family Pisinae Dana, 1851 was represented in the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela by six species [Chorinus heros (Herbst, 1790); Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871; Herbstia depressa Stimpson, 1870; Sphenocarcinus corrosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1878; Pelia mutica (Gibbes, 1850) and Nibilia antilocapra (Stimpson, 1871)], which make up 38 % of the Pisinae crabs reported for the Caribbean Sea. During an examination of unidentified material from the crustacean collection of the Laboratory of Carcinology at Universidad de Oriente, Margarita Island, Venezuela, nine specimens (six males and three females) of Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) were discovered. Until now the distribution of this Pisinae species was known to range from Mauritania to Angola in the eastern Atlantic, Ascension Island in the central Atlantic, as well as Brazil and Orinoco Delta in the western Atlantic. All specimens were collected in Venezuelan waters, at the following locations: Margarita island: Playa Valdés, Península de Macanao, Boca Chica, El Maguey; Sucre State (mainland): Guayacán. This is the most northerly record of the species and it is the first time to be reported for the Caribbean Sea, increasing the number of known species of Pisinae to 17 in this area.

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Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Roberta Iatta, Ranju R. S. Manoj, Rossella Panarese, Giada Annoscia, Marco Pombi, Andrea Zatelli, Fred Beugnet, and Domenico Otranto. "Detection of Leishmania tarentolae in lizards, sand flies and dogs in southern Italy, where Leishmania infantum is endemic: hindrances and opportunities." Parasites & Vectors 14, no. 1 (September 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04973-2.

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Abstract Background Leishmania tarentolae is a protozoan isolated from geckoes (Tarentola annularis, Tarentola mauritanica), which is considered non-pathogenic and is transmitted by herpetophilic Sergentomyia spp. sand flies. This species occurs in sympatry with Leishmania infantum in areas where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the present study, we investigated the circulation of L. tarentolae and L. infantum in sand flies, dogs and lizards in a dog shelter in southern Italy, where canine leishmaniasis by L. infantum is endemic. Methods Sheltered dogs (n = 100) negative for Leishmania spp. (March 2020) were screened by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using promastigotes of both species at two time points (June 2020 and March 2021). Whole blood from dogs, tissues of Podarcis siculus lizards (n = 28) and sand flies (n = 2306) were also sampled and tested by a duplex real-time PCR (dqPCR). Host blood meal was assessed in sand flies by PCR. Results Overall, 16 dogs became positive for L. infantum and/or L. tarentolae by IFAT at one or both sampling periods. One canine blood sample was positive for L. infantum, whilst two for L. tarentolae by dqPCR. At the cytology of lizard blood, Leishmania spp. amastigote-like forms were detected in erythrocytes. Twenty-two tissue samples, mostly lung (21.4%), scored molecularly positive for L. tarentolae, corresponding to 10 lizards (i.e., 35.7%). Of the female Sergentomyia minuta sampled (n = 1252), 158 scored positive for L. tarentolae, four for L. infantum, and one co-infected. Two Phlebotomus perniciosus (out of 29 females) were positive for L. tarentolae. Engorged S. minuta (n = 10) fed on humans, and one P. perniciosus, positive for L. tarentolae, on lagomorphs. Conclusions Dogs and lacertid lizards (Podarcis siculus) were herein found for the first time infected by L. tarentolae. The detection of both L. tarentolae and L. infantum in S. minuta and P. perniciosus suggests their sympatric circulation, with a potential overlap in vertebrate hosts. The interactions between L. tarentolae and L. infantum should be further investigated in both vectors and vertebrate hosts to understand the potential implications for the diagnosis and control of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas. Graphical abstract

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Journal articles on the topic 'Femmes – Mauritanie'

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