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Aboubacar, Zakari. "Participation Politique Des Femmes Au Niger: Analyse De La Contribution Du Genre Féminin Dans Le Développement Politique." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 16 (2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n16p99.
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This research focuses on the political participation of women in Niger. In addition to the documentation on the subject, we conducted interviews with women and political party leaders. Thus, the quest for equality is more than ever a concern of Nigerian women. In this article we asked the following research question: how can we explain the contribution of the feminine gender to political development in Niger? The general objective pursued through this article is to analyze the contribution of women in political development in Niger. To answer the research question and check the general objective the qualitative method through maintenance guides was used. After analyzing the data, the results show that politics is still an exclusively male domain or that there are many institutionalized discriminations, the dominance of political space by men being the rule, although it did not exclude a certain presence women. The results also show that the question of the presence of women in public life in general and political space in particular is a global challenge to harmonize the political space of Niger.
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Traoré, Diahara. "Divination, pratiques de guérison et traditions islamiques parmi des femmes d’origine ouest-africaine à Montréal." Ethnologies 37, no. 1 (2017): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039661ar.
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À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article examine des pratiques de divination et de guérison parmi des immigrantes musulmanes d’origine ouest-africaine à Montréal, montrant ainsi la dynamique dialogique entre ces pratiques et la construction du religieux en contexte migratoire. En utilisant un cadre conceptuel inspiré de la théorie de Talal Asad sur l’anthropologie de l’islam, l’article présente une description de pratiques divinatoires observées entre 2008 et 2010, ainsi que le rapport que les femmes qui y participent entretiennent avec celles-ci. En particulier, l’auteure décrit des séances de divination par les cauris, ainsi que les rituels et pratiques de protection qui en découlent parmi les femmes participantes. L’auteure présente également des pratiques de guérison telles que décrites lors d’entretiens avec 24 femmes ouest-africaines provenant du Niger, du Mali, de la Guinée et du Sénégal. Dans le contexte d’une pluralité religieuse croissante dans la région de Montréal, cette étude démontre que, même à l’intérieur d’une tradition religieuse établie (l’islam), diverses traditions sont négociées et (re)construites en contexte migratoire.
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Diawara, Mamadou. "Femmes, servitude, et histoire: les traditions orales historiques des femmes de condition servile dans le royaume de Jaara (Mali) du XVe au milieu du XIXe siecle." History in Africa 16 (1989): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171779.
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Tandis qu'hommes et femmes de statut libre rivalisent pour la maîtrise des traditions orales relatives à leur histoire, les informations d'origine servile restent un domaine féminin par excellence. Ces données orales méritent une attention particuliére puisqu'elles concernent directement ou non une part importante de la population. D'aprés le Rapport sur l'esclavage dans le cercle du Sénégal-Niger (1904), les esclaves représentaient 40% de la population du cercle de Nioro (Klein, 1983:52) et 50% de celle de Gunbu (Meillassoux 1975:225), deux circonscriptions administratives au coeur du royaume de Jaara. Comment dans la société patrilinéaire soninke, ceux qui, habituellement considérés comme dépourvus de famillle, d'ancêtres et d'enfants, socialement parlant, produisentils, conservent-ils et transmettent-ils leurs propres documents d'histoire? En se limitant au cas des femmes, quel est leur impact sur ce document et le rapport de celui-ci avec l'appareil idéologique des dominants? La réponse à ces questions requiert une réflexion préalable sur: le probléme de la documentation, le cadre chronologique, le cadre spatial et le lieu social en questions.La bibliographie concernant les femmes africaines en tant que source de l'histoire de leur société est d'une pauvreté désarmante. La mode des études féminines des années 1970 n'est pas passée par là. Sosne dans son étude consacrée aux Shi, une société patrilinéaire de l'est du Zaïre (Sosne 1979:225), démontre clairement ce qu'elle appelle la vision androgyne du monde grâce à une étude des structures politiques du pays. Perrot (1982:8,11) insiste sur le rôle des femmes en tant qu'érudites dans le domaine des traditions orales du Ndenye de Côte d'Ivoire. A propos du Bénin, Palau-Marti affirme que “les traditions les plus secrètes se transmettaient par les femmes dont quelques unes étaient les vraies historiennes du Dahomey” (Palau-Marti 1964:139). Barber souligne le rôle des femmes âgées dans la conservation des oríkì (textes à la fois littéraires et historiques) chez les Yoruba du Nigéria (Barber 1987:5). Selon l'auteur, ces personnages sont de loin plus compétentes que les hommes. Strobel (1983:119) insiste sur le rôle des femmes esclaves dans la transmission de l'idéologie qui soutend l'organisation de la société à Mombasa. A propos des généalogies “de maître en élève” (“academic genealogy”) des intellectuels de Sokoto, Boyd et Last (1985:298) constatent que lorsqu'il s'agit des hommes, on cite rarement les femmes dont ils tiennent leurs connaissances.
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Bornand, Sandra. "La secrète revendication d’une sexualité féminine : les chants du marcanda chantés par des femmes songhay-zarma d’origine captive (Niger)." Cahiers de littérature orale, no. 71 (January 1, 2012): 79–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/clo.1477.
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Barry, Mahmoud. "Seydou (Christiane), Profils de femmes dans les récits épiques peuls (Mali-Niger). Paris : Karthala, coll. Hommes et sociétés : Tradition orale, 2010, 276 p. – ISBN 9782811103491." Études littéraires africaines, no. 30 (2010): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027380ar.
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Arditi, Claude. "Niger : Chronique d'une évaluation censurée ou comment une agence des nations unies fabrique un bilan positif de son action contre l'insécurité alimentaire, la marginalisation des femmes et la pauvreté." Revue Tiers Monde 184, no. 4 (2005): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rtm.184.0861.
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Yolidje, Issoufou, Djibo Alfa Keita, Idrissa Moussa, et al. "Enquête ethnobotanique sur les plantes utilisées traditionnellement au Niger dans la lutte contre les moustiques vecteurs des maladies parasitaires." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 2 (2020): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i2.21.
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Le paludisme apparaît comme la plus vieille et la plus meurtrière des maladies tropicales. A travers le monde, de nombreux peuples ont utilisé traditionnellement des plantes pour lutter contre cette maladie. Pour contribuer à la lutte préventive contre le paludisme, une enquête ethnobotanique a été menée à Niamey au près des 40 tradipraticiens afin inventorier les plantes spontanées présumées avoir des activités insecticides. Il ressort des résultats de cette enquête, une nette prédominance des hommes dans l’exercice de la médecine traditionnelle au Niger. En effet, sur les 40 tradipraticiens enquêtés, 36 sont des hommes contre seulement 4 femmes. L’enquête a permis de recenser 28 espèces végétales potentiellement insecticides. Ces plantes sont reparties dans plusieurs familles, celles les plus représentatives sont les Papilionaceae (21,4%), les Lamiaceae (7,1%), les Euphorbiaceae (7,1%), les Combretaceae (7,1%) et les Capparidaceae (7,1%). Les plantes fréquemment citées sont: Azadirachta indica (21%), Striga hermontheca (13,9%) et Hyptis spicigera (10,0%). Les parties des plantes les plus utilisées sont principalement les feuilles (53,3%) et les tiges feuillées (33,3%), avec comme mode principal d’utilisation la fumigation (82,0%). Ces résultats pourraient servir dans le domaine de la recherche des nouveaux biopesticides. L’investigation sera étendue à d’autres régions du pays afin de rassembler le maximum d’espèces végétales antipaludiques.
 Mots clés: Enquête ethnobotanique, tradipraticiens, plantes insecticides, moustiques, paludisme.
 English title: Ethnobotanical survey on plants traditionally used in Niger in the fight against mosquitoes vectors of parasitic diseases
 Malaria appears to be the oldest and deadliest tropical disease. Throughout the world, many people have traditionally used plants to fight this disease. To contribute to the preventive fight against malaria, an ethnobotanical survey has been carried out in Niamey with traditional practitioners to inventory spontaneous plants presumed to have insecticidal activities. The survey shows a predominance of men in the sector; thus, of the 40 traditional healers surveyed, we have 36 men and 4 women. The survey identified 28 potentially insecticidal plant species. These plants are distributed in several families, the most representative are Papilionaceae (21.4%), Lamiaceae (7.1%), Euphorbiaceae (7.1%), Combretaceae (7.1%) and Capparidaceae (7.1%). The most frequently mentioned plants are: Azadirachta indica (21%), Striga hermontheca (13.9%) and Hyptis spicigera (10.0%). The most commonly used plant parts are mainly leaves (53.3%) and leafy stems (33.3%), with fumigation as the main mode of use (82.0%). These results could be used in the field of research of new biopesticides. The investigation will be extended to other regions of the country to gather the maximum number of plant antimalarial species.
 Keywords: Ethnobotanical survey, traditional healers, medicinal plants, mosquitoes, malaria.
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Sina, Abdoul Kader Soumaila, Abdou Amani, Amadou Garba, Laouali Abdou, and Ali Mahamane. "Perceptions communautaires, usages socio-économiques et importance agroécologique des peuplements de Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. dans le Sud-Ouest du Niger: Cas du site gommier de la grappe de Lido dans la commune de Guéchémé." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (2019): 3087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.10.
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La présente étude conduite dans la commune rurale de Guéchémé a pour objectif de déterminer les perceptions et les usages socioéconomiques des peuplements de Acacia senegal. La collecte des données s’est basée sur des enquêtes ethnobotaniques semi-structurées par interviews individuels dans cinq villages qui constituent la grappe dont relève le site gommier du village de Lido. Au total, 88 personnes constituées d’hommes et de femmes ont été enquêtées. L’évaluation de la connaissance des populations sur les usages socioéconomiques de l’espèce a été faite sur la base des indices des valeurs d’usages. Les usages fourragers (PPV = 42,89%), alimentaires (PPV = 20,26%) et thérapeutiques (PPV =13,94%), sont les plus rapportés par les enquêtés. Les parties de la plante les plus utilisées sont le bois (PPV= 21,56%), la gomme (PPV=18,06%), les feuilles (PPV =17,25) et les fruits (PPV = 12,40%). La connaissance sur l’usage de l’espèce ne varie pas selon le sexe, l’âge et la religion, mais varie selon la profession des enquêtés. Cet arbuste revêt un intérêt économique capital du fait de l’excellente qualité de sa gomme arabique, un produit forestier non ligneux (PFNL). Il regorge non seulement un intérêt économique mais aussi écologique, car elle est aujourd’hui l’espèce qui est utilisée dans le processus de la lutte contre la désertification au sahel. Dans les soucis du bien être des générations futures, cette espèce doit être prise en compte dans les programmes de conservation et de valorisation durable des ressources phytogénétiques d’intérêt socioéconomique au Niger.Mots clés: Acacia senegal, peuplement, Guéchémé, Niger, gomme, socioéconomie. English Title: Community Perceptions, Socio-Economic Uses and Agroecological Importance of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. in South-West Niger: Case of the gum-tree site of the Lido cluster in the commune of GuechéméThis study conducted in the rural commune of Guéchémé aims to determine the perceptions and socio-economic usages of Acacia senegal trees. The data collection is based on semi-structured ethnobotanical surveys through individual interviews in five villages that make up the cluster to which the Lido village gum production site belongs. A total of 88 men and women were surveyed. The assessment of populations’ knowledge on the socio-economic usages of the species was made, based on the values of usages’ indices. Fodder (PPV = 42.89%), food (PPV = 20.26%) and therapeutic (PPV = 13.94%) usages were the most reported by the respondents. The parts most used of the plant, are wood (PPV = 21.56%), gum (PPV = 18.06%), leaves (PPV = 17.25) and fruits (PPV = 12.40%). Knowledge about the usage of the species does not vary with consideration to sex, age and religion, but varies with respondents professional occupations. This shrub is of vital interest as it is by excellence the species for the production of gum arabic, a non-timber forest product (NTFP) with high economic value. It is bursting with economic as well as ecological interest, as it is currently the species mostly used in the process of combating desertification in the Sahel. In the interests of the welfare of future generations, this species must be taken into account in programs for the conservation and sustainable development of plant genetic resources of socio-economic value in Niger.Keywords: Acacia senegal, settlement, Guechémé, Niger, gum, socioeconomy.
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NAFRÍA, JUAN M. NIETO, NICOLÁS PÉREZ HIDALGO, SERGIO GARCÍA-TEJERO, SARA I. LÓPEZ CIRUELOS, and M. PILAR MIER DURANTE. "Contribution to the knowledge of North-American species Hyperomyzus subgenus Neonasonovia (Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini)." Zootaxa 4294, no. 2 (2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.2.7.
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American specimens of the Hyperomyzus subgenus Neonasonovia conserved in the collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France) and the Natural History Museum (London, United Kingdom), have been studied. Data to complement previous descriptions of apterous and alate viviparous females of H. nabali and of apterous viviparae of H. nigricornis, H. inflatus, H. niger and H. pullatus, are presented. Apterous and alate virginogeniae females of H. nigricornis, alate viviparous females of H. inflatus, H. niger and H. pullatus, plus oviparous females of H. nabali, are described for the first time. The morphological and biological variability of H. pullatus is discussed. An identification key for viviparous females of the American species of Neonasonovia is presented for the first time. Microphotographs of apterous and alate viviparous females of H. nabali, H. nigricornis, H. inflatus and H. niger, alate viviparous females of H. pullatus, and oviparous female of H. nabali, are presented.
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Rabenoro, Mireille. "Le mythe des femmes au pouvoir, arme de l’antiféminisme à Madagascar." Articles 25, no. 1 (2012): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011116ar.
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Le fait que cinq femmes ont régné à Madagascar au XIXe siècle est souvent mentionné pour nier la pertinence de la lutte pour l’égalité de genre. C’est faire abstraction de l’ascension des hommes politiques roturiers durant cette période, et surtout des influences occidentales imposées durant la colonisation (1896-1960), autant de facteurs qui ont profondément modifié les structures et les modes d’accès au pouvoir. Le bouleversement dans les mentalités est tel qu’aujourd’hui il est considéré comme normal – et traditionnel – qu’à la fois la réalité et l’apparence du pouvoir soient l’apanage des hommes.
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Nixon, Charles M., Lonnie P. Hansen, and Stephen P. Havera. "Demographic characteristics of an unexploited population of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 2 (1986): 512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-076.
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Demographic changes in an unexploited population of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) were studied between 1971 and 1978 on 45.2 ha of upland forest in east-central Illinois. Known numbers of squirrels varied between 69 and 142. Adult squirrels (>15 months old) comprised >50% of the known population during the study, with annual survival exceeding 60%. Young-of-the-year made up <20% of the livetrapped population. Increasing populations were characterized by increases (P < 0.05) in numbers of yearling–adult males and young-of-the-year of both sexes. Recruitment depended on both immigration and on production of young by resident females. Recruitment success (proportion of new squirrels resident at least 6 months after initial capture) of immigrants was best for adults and yearlings and poorest for subadults. Adult female breeding success was highest in the winter and correlated negatively with the number of females conceiving the previous breeding period. The size and composition of the seed crop of trees in autumn had no effect (P > 0.05) on recruitment, conception, survival rates, or changes in overall density when at least some winter-storable tree seed was available. In most years, adult females were dispersed evenly, but adult males and young of both sexes showed an aggregated or random dispersion. Breeding rates for yearling females, recruitment success of immigrants and of juveniles born on the study area, and overall changes in squirrel densities between trapping periods correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with the number of adult females but not with the number of males or younger females. Interpretation of dispersion of adult females and the relationship of numbers of adult females to population change suggest that fox squirrels stabilize their numbers in the absence of obvious environmental stresses through aggressive interactions between adult females and resident young and immigrants of all ages.
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Hansen, Lonnie P., and Charles M. Nixon. "Effects of adults on the demography of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 4 (1985): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-128.
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As a test of the hypothesis that adult fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) regulate the number of immature and adult squirrels entering a population, each fall from 1979 to 1981 adult males were removed from two grids (male-removal grids, MRGs), adult females from two grids (female-removal grids, FRGs), all adults from one grid (adult-removal grid, ARG), and one grid was maintained as a control (control grid, CG). The number of previously uncaptured juveniles and subadults (both sexes) and yearling–adult females was greater on FRGs than on the CG and MRGs, especially during the fall. The number of new adult males captured during the fall was higher where adult males had been removed. During spring, reproductive rates (percent lactating) were higher on grids from which females had been removed (FRGs and the ARG), but this was not so during fall. Length of residency was shorter for juvenile–subadult and adult fox squirrels and longer for yearling females where adult females had been removed. Movement patterns in response to removal of adults suggested resident adult females influenced home range size of all sex classes and age-classes. We conclude that the presence of adult females is important in limiting recruitment in local populations of fox squirrels and that this strategy likely evolved in response to resource-limited environments.
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Desrochers, Nora, and Ginette Paquet. "Recherche socio-évaluative de l’impact de l’intervention marrainage du Groupe Les Relevailles." Santé mentale au Québec 10, no. 1 (2006): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030262ar.
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Résumé Cette recherche socio-évaluative avait pour objectif d'évaluer l'impact de l'intervention marrainage-jumelage et d'identifier les dimensions sociales particulières à la clientèle desservie par le Groupe Les Relevailles. Cet organisme accorde un soutien d'ordre psychologique aux mères demandant de l'aide à la suite de difficultés d'adaptation occasionnées par la naissance d'un enfant. La socialisation des femmes a «culturalisé» l'instinct maternel. Celui-ci est devenu un phénomène social comportant des modèles précis et c'est lorsque les mères n'arrivent pas à s'y conformer que les problèmes surviennent. Des entrevues dirigées furent réalisées auprès de treize clientes bénéficiaires et auprès de six bénévoles marraines. Les entrevues ont été effectuées aux domiciles des personnes et elles avaient une durée moyenne de deux heures. Il ressort une nette amélioration de l'état physique et psychologique des femmes à la suite du support apporté par les bénévoles marraines. Globalement, nous avons constaté une diminution du sentiment de culpabilité et une augmentation du sentiment de compétence et d'autonomie dans l'accomplissement du rôle de mère. Nous avons également observé que le réseau social et familial des clientes bénéficiaires est très faible. Ces mères avec de jeunes enfants vivent un isolement important. Ces femmes ont manifesté une prise de distance notable à l'égard de la représentation sociale de la mère parfaite. Nous avons aussi noté que les pratiques et les stratégies d'intervention du Groupe favorisent la diffusion d'un modèle de mère de nature émancipatrice pour les femmes; c'est-à-dire un rôle comportant des apprentissages qui ne doivent pas nier les autres besoins de la femme.
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Hajji, Ferid, Amira Ouannes-Ghorbel, Mohamed Ghorbel, and Othman Jarboui. "Reproductive biology of the black goby, Gobius niger (Teleostei: Gobiidae), in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 6 (2013): 1685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001981.
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The black goby Gobius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gobiidae) is one of the most common gobies in southern Tunisian waters. This study provides the first detailed information on the reproductive biology of the G. niger in these areas. Samples of G. niger were collected by trawl from the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) between February 2009 and January 2010. A total of 1055 specimens were examined, ranging from 6.4 to 15.7 cm total length. The sex-ratio was in favour of males, especially in larger size-classes. The macroscopic analysis of the gonads and the progression of the monthly values of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) indicated that the reproductive season extended from March to June, with GSI peaking in May, and that spawning occurred from April to June. The utilization of lipid reserves, stored predominantly in the liver as well as in muscles, was important during the reproduction season. Monthly changes of the seminal vesicle somatic index showed that during the pre-spawning period they had a proliferation phase, followed by a regressive phase during the post-spawning period. Total fecundity of mature females ranged from 4280 to 14000 eggs per fish, showing a significant increase with size, with an average of 8522 ± 689 eggs per fish. The total length at 50% maturity was 10.13 ± 0.3 cm and 9.69 ± 0.18 cm for males and females, respectively.
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Uchendu, ObioraJude, EserogheneArthur Ijomone, and NkadiFrancis Nwachokor. "Pattern of unnatural death among females in niger delta: A retrospective medicolegal study." Annals of Tropical Pathology 10, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_54_18.
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Amidou, Kpoumie Nsangou, Tonfack Achile Peguy, Efole Ewoukem Thomas, et al. "Reproductive Parameters of Three Populations of Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sudano-Guinean Altitude Zone of Cameroon." International Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2691-6622.ijar-20-3257.
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In order to contribute to the improvement of aquaculture production, reproductive parameters of three populations of Oreochromis niloticus of Cameroon were studied between March and May 2019 at the research station of Foumban. At this effect, a total of 81 parents (27 males and 51 females with respective weight 124 ± 6g and 144 ± 5g) coming from three hydrogeographicals origins (Niger, Sanaga and IRAD Station) were randomly distributed in triplicate in nine concrete tanks of a m² each with a sex ratio of one male for two females (1♂/2♀). Throughout the test, six females carrying eggs in the oral cavity were collected in each population and 45 days after the start of the trial, all the offspring were collected and the adults sacrificed. At the end of experiment, the IRAD population presented highest significant values (p ≤ 0.05) regardless of the performances considered. The values of the gonado-somatic and the gonado-metric characteristics significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) were obtained in Niger population (GSR = 0.04 ± 0.02, GSI = 0.05 ± 0.03 and GMR=0.19 ± 0.08;GMI= 0.24±0.07). Considering sex, males presented the lowest significant values (p ≤ 0.05) for all the characteristics studied (GSR = 0.04±0.01, GSI = 0.04±0.01 and GMR= 0.23±0.08;GMI= 0.29±0.09).
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Uduji, Joseph I., Elda N. Okolo-Obasi, and Simplice A. Asongu. "The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Interventions on Female Education Development in the Rural Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." Progress in Development Studies 20, no. 1 (2020): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993420902593.
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The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) interventions in female education programmes in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A total of 800 rural women were sampled across the region. The results from the logit model showed that rural women depended on CSR interventions of MOCs to address some of the logistical and cultural challenges associated with women’s access to post-secondary education in local communities. However, despite the significant success in supporting education initiatives generally, none of the scholarships target females specifically, and compared to men, the low level of human capital in rural women has persisted. This implies that, if CSR interventions are not tailored to enhance gender diversity and promote economic opportunities for women alongside education, they may perpetuate the obstruction of women’s participation in economic, political and social development. By extension, this could delay the reduction of poverty and attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Niger Delta region.
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Taylor, Peter, Fernando Li, Ashley Holland, Michael Martin, and Adam E. Rosenblatt. "Growth rates of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) in the Rupununi region of Guyana." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 1 (2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003024.
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We conducted a study of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) growth rates using data from a long-term mark-recapture study carried out in the Rupununi region of Guyana between 2005 and 2015. In contrast to previous studies, growth rates of black caiman declined with increasing size and this decline occurred more rapidly for females. Size-at-age models predicted that males and females reach asymptotic sizes of 178.2-189.0 cm SVL and 140.1-143.4 cm SVL, respectively. Our results suggest that growth rates of black caiman in the Rupununi region follow the same general patterns as for other crocodilians, and that disparities with previous black caiman studies may be largely related to density-dependent factors, among other possibilities. However, future studies that include large black caiman of known ages are needed to validate our findings.
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Ousseini Moussa Hassan, Christian Keambou Tiambo, Salissou Issa, Karmadine Hima, Maman Laouali Ibrahim Adamou, and Yacoubou Bakasso. "Morpho-biometric characterization of local chicken population in Niger." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (2020): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.2.0369.
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The present study was initiated to determine the morphobiometric characteristics of local chicken population in Niger. A total of 554 chickens (156 males and 398 females) were sampled in the four (4) agro-ecological zones of the country. A complete description by direct observation, individual weighing and body measurements were performed on the entire sample. The results of the study showed an important diversity of plumage colours in the populations studied. Out of the thirteen (13) plumages stains observed, the most common are red (13.5%), pebbles (12.1%), white (11.9%), golden partridge (11.2%) and the fawn (10.8%). Feather distribution was normal over most of the sample (96.6%). The main tarsal colours observed were white, grey and yellow with respectively 45.1%, 39.0% and 15.3%. The eye colourings were mainly orange (55.1%), yellow (31%) and red (12.1%). A normal ridge was observed on 99.5% of individuals while 80% had a red barbillon. From body measurements, it appeared that only the thoracic perimeter remains decisive in the prediction of individual live weight. The average weight obtained over the whole treated sample was 1141.24g. An ANOVA with sex as a source of variation showed that the roosters had an average weight of 1484.24g much higher than that of hens whose average was 1266.64g. This study only concerned the descriptive part of the local chicken of Niger. Other aspects such as productivity remains to be elucidated to better discover the performance of the local chicken of Niger.
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J.I., Oniso, and Tawari E.P. "Assessment of the Usage of Contraceptive among College of Health Sciences Students of Niger Delta University, Amassoma Bayelsa State, Nigeria." African Journal of Biology and Medical Research 4, no. 3 (2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-ur6b9ql9.
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Background: Contraceptives are the of use artificial devices to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease such as HIV/STIs. Despite the existence of numerous family planning programmes in recent years, the prevalence rate of contraceptive use remains low in several developing countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the use Contraceptive among students in the College of Health of Health Science, Niger Delta University, Amassoma. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among two hundred (200) students of the College of Health of Health Science, Niger Delta University aged 16-30 years. Data collection was carried out using both self-administered questionnaire Results: Data showed that majority of the students in College of Health Science, Niger Delta University are about (84%) sexually experience with most of the first sexual experiences occurring within the 16-20 years’ age group. 47 % identified that they discuss contraceptives the first time they had sex while 22.0 % of the respondents revealed that they did not discuss any contraceptives with their partner the first they had sex. 30.5% sexually active females stated that they have been pregnant and 34.1% sexually active males had impregnated a girl, (50%) ended up in abortion while (6.8%) respondents are currently pregnant. Conclusion: A sizable number of respondents revealed that they did not use any contraceptives the first time they had sex. Therefore, there is a need to improve the awareness and encourage the use of conceptive among youths.
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Akubudike Alikor, Chizindu, and Pedro Emem-Chioma. "Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (2018): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180593.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for one third of global deaths and is the leading contributor to global disease burden. A non-communicable disease survey done in Nigeria helped determine the prevalence of major CVD risk factors in the country and showed a rising trend in the prevalence. This study aims to determine the proportion of adults in a rural farming community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with clustering of the following CVD risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, ECG-LVH, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption and physical inactivity.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey carried out in a rural farming community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Stratified sampling method was used to recruit study subjects aged 18 years and above and a total of 500 subjects completed the survey. Socio-demographic information, anthropometric, blood pressure and ECG measurements were obtained. Venous samples were collected and analyzed.Results: Five hundred subjects participated. There were 156 males and 344 females with male to female ratio of 1:2.3. The overall mean age was 41.32±17.0 with range of 18 years to 95 years. The mean age for males was 42.84±17.8 and females 40.62±16.6. Overall, 38.2%, of subjects had 2 or more risk factors. Additionally, 42.1% of males and 31.4% of females had ≥2 of these risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed higher clustering of risk factors with increasing age, male gender, Government staff and higher educational attainment.Conclusions: Clustering of CVD risk factors is high in this rural community of Nigeria and requires integrated approach to its prevention, detection and treatment.
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VAN VELZEN, ROBIN, TORBEN B. LARSEN, and FREEK T. BAKKER. "A new hidden species of the Cymothoe caenis-complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from western Africa." Zootaxa 2197, no. 1 (2009): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2197.1.5.
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Butterflies of the Afrotropical genus Cymothoe are characterised by sexual dimorphism. Females of the most common species of the genus, Cymothoe caenis Drury, occur in many different forms in the equatorial zone, while only a single form is present west of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, raising the question as to whether the two populations need taxonomic recognition. We present molecular and genitalic evidence that the western populations of C. caenis s.l. comprise a distinct species: Cymothoe druryi sp. nov.
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Olorode, Dr Oluwayemisi Agnes, Ofonime M. Ogba, and Williams E. Ebisin. "Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Antibody among Outpatients of Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 8, no. 07 (2021): 5521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v8i07.02.
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Helicobacter Pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection (acquired early childhood) in humans affecting 50% of the world population and much attention has not been paid to this. This study was carried out between February and October 2019 to test for the presence of Helicobacter Pylori antibody among asymptomatic individuals attending Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. A total of 200 {114(57%) males, 86(43%) females} blood samples were collected at ramdom into Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) bottles and immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis using Helicobacter pylori Serology rapid blood test kit. Age was stratified to allow for comparison because the entire outcome was age dependent. Chi square analysis was conducted for the categorical variable. Findings showed that out of 200 samples examined, 88(44%) forty (40 (45%) males and 48(55%) females were positive to Helicobacter pylori infection while 112(56%) were negative. Females of age range 24 -33 had the highest prevalence of 24 (27%) while male of age group 14 to 23 had 21(24%); females of 34 to 44 was 16(18%); 54-63 had 4(05%) and the least was 44 to 53 years with prevalence of 3(03%). There was a significant difference across the age group and socio-demographic characteristic at p-value = 0.0001 < 0.05 and p-value =0.002068 < 0.05, p-value = 0.000916 <0.05 respectively. Observations showed the higher prevalence in females (53%) than their males (47%) counterparts; likewise the infected individuals host this organism ignorantly and busy treating out of line. Study with more than one diagnostic technique is recommended to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori, as rapid blood test is limited due to the presence of antibody in the serum for long after eradication. In conclusion, routine medical examination on Helicobacter pylori is encouraged among individuals in respective of age and status.
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O., Mogba Emmanuel, Olanrewaju Comfort A.*, and Malann Yoila D. "Plasmodium sp. infection among the people of Suleja, Niger State, Nigeria." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 03 (2016): 4885. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.03.008.
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Malaria infection is a major public health problem in the sub-Sahara Africa. A study on the status of malaria parasite infection was carried out on patients visiting the Government General Hospital and Citizen Hospital (a private hospital) in Suleja Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria from the month of January to April, 2014. A total of 500 persons were examined, 250 persons from each of the two hospitals and grouped according to their ages, zones, occupation and sexes. The private hospital recorded the highest infection rate of 75.2% while the government hospital recorded a lower rate (41.6%) and the overall prevalence of the study was 58.4%. Madalla zone which is nearer to the centre of the town recorded the highest rate (97.5%), age group 0-10 years had the highest infection rate of 66.9%. Among the different occupations examined in this study, students had the highest prevalence of 79.7%. However, there were no significant differences in the rate of infections in these categories (P>0.05). In relation to sex, females were more infected (62.8%) than the males (53.1%) with a significant difference (P< 0.05). It is suggested that health education on the transmission, prevention and control of Plasmodium infection in schools, market and public places should be intensified.
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Ngwu, E. E., Jude Egwurugwu, P. C. Ugwuezumba, et al. "Comparative Assessment of Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure and Blood Sugar levels among Residents in Gas-Flaring and Non-Gas-Flaring Communities in Imo State." AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND ALLIED SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (2019): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33798/ajmas2019/00276.
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gas flare and air pollution on body mass index, blood pressure and blood sugar measures in individuals living in Niger Delta states of Nigeria. Methodology: Two communities (a test and a control) were used for the study in Niger Delta communities in Imo State. The study was carried out among randomly selected chronically exposed and non-exposed residents. People of different occupations and sex were used for the study. Blood pressure was measured using manual mercurial sphygmomanometer in sitting position after about 10 minutes rest while random blood sugar was measured using Accu-CHEK glucometer. Body mass index(BMI) was calculated in kg/m2 as a ratio of body weight and height squared. Results: Results showed that the mean BMI of the test group (27.88 ± 0.23) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control (23.16 ± 0.18). Also, generally, the mean blood pressure measurements (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial blood pressure) and blood sugar of both males and the females were significantly higher (P<0.05) when compared with the control. Blood pressure measures were higher in males while blood sugar was higher in females. Irrespective of occupation, blood pressure and blood sugar measurements showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the test group when compared with the control. Conclusion: In conclusion, long-term exposure to oil/gas flares increased blood pressure, blood sugar and BMI all of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Keywords : Gas flaring, Blood pressure, Diabetes mellitus, Body mass index
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Guérard, Ghislaine, and Anne Lavender. "Le fémicide conjugal, un phénomène ignoré : Une analyse de la couverture journalistique de trois quotidiens montréalais." Note de recherche 12, no. 2 (2005): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/058050ar.
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La note de recherche de Cuérard et Lavender présente le résultat d'une analyse de la couverture journalistique du « femicide conjugal ». Les auteures ont analysé l'ensemble des articles publiés sur le sujet en 1993 dans trois quotidiens montréalais : The Gazette, Le Journal de Montréal et La Presse. En se basant sur une analyse narrative et discursive des articles, elles concluent que ces crimes sont présentés comme des incidents isolés, ce qui a pour effet de nier l'existence sociale du phénomène. Comme le suggère la recherche antérieure sur le sujet de la violence faite aux femmes, les auteures démontrent que la couverture journalistique de cet acte de violence extrême dépersonnalise les femmes, blâme souvent la victime, nie la responsabilité du meurtrier et contribue à la création d'un sentiment de crainte chez l'ensemble des femmes. Même si l'on ne peut considérer la couverture journalistique comme une des causes directes du femicide conjugal, elle contribue au maintien de la situation par son traitement inapproprié. Les auteures suggèrent diverses manières d'améliorer la couverture journalistique et proposent l'emploi systématique de l'expression « femicide conjugal » afin que le phénomène acquière une existence propre.
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Nebechukwu, Diamond Preye, and Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe. "actors Affecting Girl-Child Education among the Kambari of Niger State, Nigeria: A Sociological Perspective." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 18, no. 2 (2020): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/0202/81(0220).
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This study examined factors that adversely affect girl-child education among the Kambari. Marx Weber’s social action theory, patriarchy and sex role theories provided the theoretical framework. Empirical data were drawn from a household survey among 1,598 respondents, comprising a pair of adult males (385) and their sons (385) and adult females (414) and their daughters (414). A multi-staged sampling technic was employed to select sample units. Two structured questionnaires were employed for the household survey. Twelve case-studies of girl-children, fourteen in-depth interviews and fifteen FGDs were also conducted among different groups. The data were subjected to descriptive, logistic regression and content analyses. The burden of domestic work, unintended teenage pregnancy, poor academic performance, parental ignorance, child-betrothal and early marriage, son preference adversely affected the girl-child’s access to education. The logistic regression shows that the odds of exhibiting discriminatory practice towards girl-child education are about 6 times higher among adult males compared to the females, 4.2 times higher among participants with no formal education, 4 times higher among adherents of traditional religion and 3 times among Muslims. Further, respondents with rigid conception of gender role are more likely to exhibit discriminatory gender practices as well as those with negative childhood experience, those from homes where men dominate in decision-making and those from homes with non-valuation of women’s participation in decision-making. A holistic approach should be adopted at all levels of government, religious and traditional institutions to address the marginalization of Kambari girl-children in accessing formal education.
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Baeza, J. A., and M. Thiel. "Host use pattern and life history of Liopetrolisthes mitra, a crab associate of the black sea urchin Tetrapygus niger." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 4 (2000): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002460.
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The porcellanid crab Liopetrolisthes mitra is a common associate of the black sea urchin, Tetrapygus niger in north central Chile. The host-use pattern, population dynamics and reproductive pattern of L. mitra on sea urchins were examined between January 1996 and February 1997. Each month, between 60 and 95 per cent of all collected urchins hosted crabs, with the highest frequency of cohabitation occurring during the austral summer (January to March). Group sizes of crabs on individual urchins ranged from 1 to 25 crabs per host. The average density of crabs on the urchins ranged from 2 to 5.5 crabs per host. Large urchins were inhabited by crabs more frequently than small urchins but urchin size had no effect on the number or size of crabs. The sex ratio of adult crabs was ˜1:1 during most months. Reproduction occurred throughout the year but was most intense during the austral spring and summer (October to March), when the highest percentage of ovigerous females were found. Similarly, recruitment of L. mitra occurred throughout the year but reached a peak during austral summer and early autumn (January to May). All life stages of L. mitra including recently settled megalopae and reproductive adults were found on urchins. Size–frequency analysis indicated that many crabs live >1.5 years. The results of this study confirm that the association between L. mitra and T. niger is strong and persists throughout the benthic life of the commensal crab.
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Baba, Isa Abdullahi, and Evren Hincal. "Cancer Incidence in Nigeria and Border Countries." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 1 (2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v5i1.442.
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Many inequalities in cancer incidence exist between Nigeria and border countries. This information is absent or largely unavailable.
 Benin, Cameroun, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria cover a population of more than 224,922,000. Globocan data base supplied incidence for 132,939cases of cancer for these countries. The prevalence of Bladder, Colorectum, Kaposi sarcoma, Larynx, Leukaemia, Lip, oral cavity, Liver, Lungwas estimated for the year 2012.The prevalence of Nasopharynx, Non – Hodgkin, Lymphoma, Pancrease, Prostrate, Stomach combined was also estimated for the same year.
 The most common male cancer found in Nigeria and border countries is Prostate cancer, seconded by Liver. In this study also we found Breast cancer to be the most common in females, followed by Cervical Cancer. Larynx and Kaposi sarcoma are found to be the least common cancer for both males and females in the population.
 In conclusion, the findings of this study gave lights to some guidelines to aid the design of cancer control programs in Nigeria and border countries. The spectrum of the cancers is dominated by the breast & Cervix uteri for females, while Prostate & Liver for males.
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Onoja-Abutu, Agatha Eleojo, Martin Abdubala Okpanachi, Luay Alkazmi, Clement Ameh Yaro, and Gaber El-Saber Batiha. "Branchial Chamber and Gastrointestinal Tracts Parasites of Fish Species in Benue and Niger Rivers, North Central, Nigeria." International Journal of Zoology 2021 (March 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625332.
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Freshwater fish species are posing health challenges by either serving as host of parasites that are harmful to man and animals. This study was conducted to determine the parasitic profile of the branchial and gastrointestinal tracts of freshwater fish species from Niger and Benue rivers at Lokoja. These fish species are Tilapia zillii, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias species, Synodontis schall, and Megalops atlanticus. Fish samples were collected within a period of 12 months, and the species and sex of the fish were identified. The two opercula of each fish were removed and examined for parasites; parasites recovered were preserved in 0.7% physiological saline. Gastrointestinal tracts were removed from each fish, placed in physiological saline, and examined microscopically for parasites. Prevalence of parasites was calculated. The chi-square test was used to compare prevalence of parasites according to sexes, body parts examined, fish species, and parasites species, while the t-test was used to compare between gills and intestines of each fish species. The chi-square test was used to determine if any significant difference exists in prevalence between the sexes, body parts, fish species, and parasites species, while the t-test was used to determine if any significant difference exists in prevalence between the gills and intestines of each fish species. A total of seven parasites species were harboured in branchial chamber and gastrointestinal tracts of fish species from rivers Niger and Benue: Clinostomum sp. (trematode), Camallanus sp. (nematode), Capillaria sp., Rhabdochona congolensis (nematode), Contracaecum sp. (nematode), Proteocephalus sp. (cestode), and Spinitectus guntheri. T. zillii (81 (95.3%)) had the highest prevalence, while O. niloticus, Clarias sp., S. schall, and M. atlanticus had prevalence of 87 (89.7%), 96 (80.0%), 48 (70.6%), and 27 (38.6%), respectively. Out of the total fish samples examined, females (191 (80.3%)) were observed to harbour more parasites than males (148 (73.3%)). The gastrointestinal tracts (287 (65.2%)) significantly harboured more parasites than branchial chamber (52 (11.8%)). Fish species in rivers Niger and Benue are highly infected with parasites. Fish consumers should subject the fish to proper processing before consumption, as some of these parasites are of zoonotic importance.
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O, Uchendu J., Ijomone E. A, and Nwachokor F. N. "A forensic study of unnatural death in an oil-rich city in niger delta region of nigeria." International Journal of Forensic Medical Investigation 3, no. 1 (2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21816/ijfmi.v3i1.43.
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Objectives: The study is aimed at assessing the profile of unnatural death in an oil-rich city in Niger Delta region.
 Method: This is a descriptive retrospective study of all homicidal, accidental and suicidal deaths examined forensically at theCentral hospital mortuary, Warri from January 2003 to December 2016.
 Results: Unatural death accounted for 802( 82.5% ) of all medicolegal cases examined within the study period. Homicidal, accidental and suicidal deaths accounted for 541(67.5%),(247) 29.7% and 14(1.1%)respectively of the unnatural deaths. A total of 713(88.9%) males and 89(11.1%) females were encountered , giving a male-female ratio(MFR)of 8:1. The mean age of the victims is 32.7 years with the peak occurring in the 3rd decade.The most commonly used weapon for homicidal death is firearms, accounting for 374(69.1%) of cases. Accidental death result mainly from RTA, drowning, burns and electrocution whichrespectivelyaccounted for 142(57.5%) 34(13.8%)26(10.5%) and 19(7.7%) of the cases; and with a MFR of 6:1.
 14 cases of suicides were encountered during the study involving 11 males and 3 females, giving a MFR of 7:2.
 Conclusion: The causes of unnatural death are mainly preventable.The resultant premature death, affecting mainly males of productive age is a great source of concern. There is need for the government, the community and individuals to contribute their quotas in reversing this ugly trend.
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Abah, O. M., I. A. A. Ejima, I. C. J. Omalu, I. K. Olayemi, N. O. Moses, and P. O. Simon. "Cystoisosporiasis in Apparently Healthy subjects and HIV/AIDS patients in Minna, Niger State." Journal of Public Health and Diseases 1, no. 1 (2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jphd2018.009.
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A random sampling and cross sectional study was carried out in General Hospital, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria using parasitological techniques to screen faecal samples for Cystoisospora belli. Blood samples of participants were also screened to determine the CD4 counts of infected subjects while Body Mass Index of subjects was determined to describe their nutritional status. A total of 783 individuals consisting of 317 apparently healthy subjects and 466 HIV/AIDs patients were screened for cystoisosporiasis. Out of the 783 subjects screened, 81 (10.34%) were positive for Cystoisospora belli. The infection was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in HIV/AIDs patients (12.45%) than in apparently healthy subjects (2.84%). The infection was more prevalent (6.69%) in males than in females (6.40%), (P < 0.05). The rate of infection in relation to age group was highest in subjects who were ≤10 years old (11.90%) and least in subjects who were 11 to 20 years old (4.24%). A significant difference in infection rate (P< 0.05) was found between the categories of subjects screened and age groups. The infection rate was highest (22.64%) in subjects who were nutritionally deficient and least (13.12%) in subjects with normal body mass index. Subjects with CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/µl had the highest infection rate (38.24%) while those with CD4 cell counts ≥ 500 cells/µl had the least infection rate (2.78%). Chi – square analysis showed significant difference (P < 0.05) in infection rates between the categories of subjects screened and CD4 counts.
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Boukary, Ibrahim Baoua, Jean-Claude Tourneur, and Jean Gingras. "LIFE CYCLE OF FORFICULA SENEGALENSIS SERV. (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BULRUSH MILLET IN THE SUDANESE-SAHELIAN ZONE OF NIGER." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 5 (1996): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent128831-5.
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AbstractThe reproduction of Forficula senegalensis Serv. was studied in fields of bulrush millet (Pennisetum typhoides Burm.), 40 km south of Maradi, Niger. Flight activity, as determined by light trapping, follows a seasonal cycle in two phases: first the arrival of adults of the previous year in the fields at the onset of tillering; and second, the dispersal of adults of the new generation at the time of blooming and maturation of the plant, and their departure at harvest time. Females lay their eggs at the collar of the plants during tillering; hatching and nymphal dispersal occur soon afterward. From the second instar on, nymphs migrate to the intermediate and upper levels of the plant. The reproductive cycle of F. senegalensis thus appears closely synchronized with the development of bulrush millet.
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Benson, Nsikak U., Paul A. Enyong, and Omowunmi H. Fred-Ahmadu. "Trace Metal Contamination Characteristics and Health Risks Assessment ofCommelina africanaL. and Psammitic Sandflats in the Niger Delta, Nigeria." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8178901.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate and quantify trace metal concentrations inCommelina africanaL. and psammitic sandflats from an intertidal coastal ecosystem in Niger Delta, Nigeria, and to evaluate their spatial distribution, degree of contamination, and source apportionment. The environmental risks associated with soil contamination were elaborately assessed using potential ecological risk index, sediment quality guidelines, and enrichment relative to background levels. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sandflat soil samples are0.76±9.0×10-2,7.39±8.7×10-1,2.28±0.35,0.024±4.0×10-3, and74.51±2.55 mg/kg, respectively. Metal levels indicate strong variability with sampling sites. The order of trace metal concentrations in theCommelina africanaL. samples isZn>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. The concentrations varied with the sample locations; and the levels of Pb (0.05 to 0.08 mg/kg) at all locations are found to be significantly below permissible level of 0.3 mg/kg. Potential sources of metal loadings may be associated with localised or diffused anthropogenic activities. The average carcinogenic risks are below1.0×10-6threshold values, and the sandflat soils are not considered to pose significant health effects to children and adult males and females. However, the carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenicity risks ranking decrease following the orderchildren>adult males>adult females. Comparatively, the hazard quotient and hazard index indicate that the psammitic sandflats might pose a health risk to children in future.
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Kellam, John O., Deborah K. Jansen, Annette T. Johnson, Ralph W. Arwood, Melissa J. Merrick, and John L. Koprowski. "Big Cypress fox squirrel ( Sciurus niger avicennia ) ecology and habitat use in a cypress dome swamp-pine forest mosaic." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 1 (2015): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv170.
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AbstractForested wetlands are in decline, as are many species that are obligate residents. Big Cypress fox squirrels (BCFS; Sciurus niger avicennia ) are a threatened endemic to wet pine and cypress forests in southwestern Florida. The region is characterized by development resulting in habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and hydrological change that influence the quality of these wet forests. Through radiotelemetry and field observations, we examined the ecology and habitat use of BCFS in a natural cypress dome-pine forest mosaic. BCFS selected cypress domes for food and nests throughout the year. Cypress dome habitats were the only habitat type to be used more than available; however, the availability of nearby pine forest was also important. Home ranges were large relative to other tree squirrels, with male home ranges exceeding female ranges. Males overlapped more females than males, while sharing similar food preferences and use patterns with females, suggesting that the sexual dimorphism in home range size is related to mate searching. Roads and oil extraction pads were used less frequently than expected and were incorporated into home ranges less than randomly generated features. The importance of cypress domes within the wet forests and grasslands of Big Cypress National Preserve demonstrates the value of maintaining this delicate mosaic.
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Iduh, M. U., F. A. Kuta, M. E. Abalaka, and K. O. Shitu. "Molecular Detection of Hepatitis C Virus amongst Patients in Five Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.100.
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries worldwide. It is responsible for liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically-infected patients. This study therefore aimed to identify the strain of HCV among HCV seropositive subjects in Niger State. A total of 44 HCV seropositive blood samples which consisted of 27 males and 17 females were analyzed (after Viral RNA extraction) for the presence of HCV-RNA by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Nine (20.5%) of the samples were positive for HCV RNA. HCV-RNA positive samples were genotyped by direct sequencing at 5’UTR region genomes; sequences were aligned on MEGA 6.0 and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. HCV genotype 1b was the only one distributed among the participants. The findings are relevant as predictors for using antiviral therapy in this population because the response to treatment varies according to the genotype.
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Iduh, M. U., F. A. Kuta, M. E. Abalaka, and K. O. Shitu. "Molecular Detection of Hepatitis C Virus amongst Patients in Five Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v2.i1.2019.100.
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries worldwide. It is responsible for liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically-infected patients. This study therefore aimed to identify the strain of HCV among HCV seropositive subjects in Niger State. A total of 44 HCV seropositive blood samples which consisted of 27 males and 17 females were analyzed (after Viral RNA extraction) for the presence of HCV-RNA by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Nine (20.5%) of the samples were positive for HCV RNA. HCV-RNA positive samples were genotyped by direct sequencing at 5’UTR region genomes; sequences were aligned on MEGA 6.0 and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. HCV genotype 1b was the only one distributed among the participants. The findings are relevant as predictors for using antiviral therapy in this population because the response to treatment varies according to the genotype.
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Iduh, M. U., F. A. Kuta, M. E. Abalaka, and K. O. Shitu. "Molecular Detection of Hepatitis C Virus amongst Patients in Five Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp2i1.2019100.
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries worldwide. It is responsible for liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically-infected patients. This study therefore aimed to identify the strain of HCV among HCV seropositive subjects in Niger State. A total of 44 HCV seropositive blood samples which consisted of 27 males and 17 females were analyzed (after Viral RNA extraction) for the presence of HCV-RNA by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Nine (20.5%) of the samples were positive for HCV RNA. HCV-RNA positive samples were genotyped by direct sequencing at 5’UTR region genomes; sequences were aligned on MEGA 6.0 and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. HCV genotype 1b was the only one distributed among the participants. The findings are relevant as predictors for using antiviral therapy in this population because the response to treatment varies according to the genotype.
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Dubé, Valérie. "Une lecture féministe du « souci de soi » de Michel Foucault : pour un retour à la culture différenciée du genre féminin." Articles 21, no. 1 (2008): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018310ar.
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Cet article traite du troisième volume de la trilogie de Michel Foucault sur l’histoire de la sexualité, volume intituléLe souci de soi. L’auteure y fait la recherche d'un rapport analogique entre le rapport « de soi à soi au masculin » versus le rapport « de soi à l'autre au féminin ».DansLe souci de soi, Foucault fait la démonstration des techniques de pouvoir-savoir par lesquels les adeptes du stoïcisme de l’époque classique, entre autres à travers des autodisciplines d’ordre sexuel, arrivaient à rejoindre la tempérance dans un rapport de pouvoir, à accéder à la vérité à la suite d’une conversion à caractère spirituel de leur être et à émerger en tant quesujetsde leur histoire. Cet « art de vivre » (strictement masculin) nécessitait néanmoins le soutien inconditionnel des femmes et se réalisaitau moyende celles-ci. Ainsi, dans son étude de la sexualité, Foucault semble, d’une part, nier l’historicité de la sexualité féminine et, d’autre part, ignorer l’existence de la matrice patriarcale autour de laquelle celle-ci s’organise; par cela, c’est à la notion même de genre que le philosophe échappe. En guise de réponse à la culture de soi dont l’auteure fait l’étude, son article amène la proposition d’un mode féminin de rapport au monde ayant de tout temps porté l’individu à s’autoréaliserpar et avec l’autre. Aussi, à la lumière du débat qui entoure l’appropriation différenciée de l’héritage théorique foucaldien par les théoriciennes du genre et du féminisme, l’auteure tente de situer le « sujet femme » au centre d’une réflexion féministe héritière de la tradition matérialiste, soutenue par une démarche éthique et se situant en retrait des préoccupations identitaires propres aux études de genre (gender studies) de la troisième vague féministe.
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Oumarou, Diadie Halima, HA Issaka, and A. Balla. "Household food consumption and nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months in Zinder, Niger Republic." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 20, no. 06 (2020): 16652–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.94.18725.
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Malnutrition exists in both urban and rural areas in Niger. An analysis of food and nutrition situation was carried out in the urban municipality of Zinder in order to contribute to a better understanding of the situation.This work was done from February to March 2018, at the household level,sampled by probabilistic method.The study involved 168 children from 6 to 59 months selected from 150 households in 15neighborhoods in the urban municipalities of Zinder. An analysis of the Food Consumption Score and Household Food Diversity Score showed acceptable food consumption and high food diversity respectively in58.7% and 67.3% of households.Furthermore, the results showed that the socio-economic characteristics that determined Score of food consumption were the main activities of heads of households and their wives. Food diversity was generally acceptable, although 2.7 %of households still had low dietary diversity in the study area.Also,food diversity remained low overall for nearly 8.9% of children with a rate of 6.0% for households headed by a woman.Nevertheless, the latter female-headed households had an estimated 13.7% of children with average individual food diversity. The prevalence of acute global malnutrition is 13.1% with the severe form at3%. It should be noted that girls were much more affected by this severe form (3.4%) compared to 2.5% for boys.However, stunting was more prevalent in males than in females with 57.5% and 46.6%,respectively. Moderate form accounting for 28.4% in females compared to 17.5% in males.This nutritional status reflects the relatively acceptable food situation in which these children lived. Furthermore, the appreciation of different foods and modes of consumption have shown on the one hand that the diet remains monotonous. On the other hand, this analysis revealed that cereal-based dishes accompanied by vegetable/leafy sauces predominated in these households in the study area.This situation exposes the members of these households and especially young children to the risk of malnutrition.
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Akinbami, Babatunde Olayemi. "Measurement of Cephalic Indices in Older Children and Adolescents of a Nigerian Population." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/527473.
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Background. A study on the cephalic index was carried out on subjects from school students in Ogbia tribe of Bayelsa state in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study determined the cephalic indices among the school students. In the present study, seven hundred subjects were randomly selected from secondary schools comprising 350 males and 350 females, respectively, with age range from 11–20 years, with both parents and grandparents of Ogbia tribe. The length and breadth of the head were measured using a spreading caliper from standard bony landmarks. The measurable point for head length was measured between the glabella and inions while the head breadth was the widest biparietal diameter. The cephalic index was head breadth divided by the head length and multiplied by 100. The result showed that the mean cephalic index was 76.56. Males had a cephalic index of 77.21, while females had a cephalic index of 76.50. Based on this study, 78.68% of individuals were mesocephalic, 11.4% dolichocephalic, 9.0% Brachycephalic, and 0.43% hyperbrachycephalic. This research showed that the school students have mesocephalic phenotype. The data from this research will be useful in anthropology, genetics, forensic medicine, and clinical practice.
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Akani, Godfrey C., and Luca Luiselli. "Ecological studies on a population of the water snake Grayia smythii in a rainforest swamp of the Niger Delta, Nigeria." Contributions to Zoology 70, no. 3 (2001): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07003002.
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The ecology of the water snake, Grayia smythii (Reptilia: Colubridae) occurring in a seasonal rainforest swamp of the Niger Delta (southern Nigeria) was investigated between December 1998 and March 2000. Females and males were similar in body sizes (SVL) and head sizes, but males had tails significantly longer than females. The diet was constituted only by frogs and fish. The major prey type was Xenopus tropicalis, followed by Tilapia sp. and Clarias sp. Adult sex-ratio was 1:1. Sloughing of skin and ovipositions occurred in dry season, in the humid enclosure of buttress roots amongst leaf litters. Fecundity ranged from 8 to 14 eggs per female, with a mean of 10 eggs (SD = 1.8). The smallest gravid female was 78.2 cm SVL. Eggs were laid in batches of three to four eggs at a site, in at least two to three different sites. The size of the eggs averaged 3.1 cm in length, 2.1 cm in width, and had a fresh weight ranging from 18.2 to 22.1 g. Maternal size influenced significantly the number of eggs produced by female, but not their average size. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between number of eggs and mean egg size. Predators of this snake at the study area were herons and fishermen.
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Harouna Boureima, Karimou, Adoulkarim Issa Ibrahim, Mamman Mani, and H. Arichatou. "Maradi red goat sexual cycle: descriptive and progesteronomic study." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.3.
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In order to establish the cyclicity characteristics of the Maradi red goat for the selection program, two experimental protocols were implemented separately at the Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Niamey (Niger). The first included 8 multiparous females and aimed to characterize the plasma progesterone concentration during the sexual cycle. The second including 31 females (multiparous and young) focused on analyzing manifestation of sexual activity and determining averages durations of estrus and sexual cycle. Bloodsamplings and heat controls were conducted. It appeared that young female puberty occurs at 46 to 56% of adult goat weight and the onset and end of heats are widely detected in the morning (65%). Throughout the year, sexual activity is lower in dry and hot season and higher in rainy and dry and cold season. The averages lengths of estrus and sexual cycle are 43.27±26.54 hours and 23.16±16.68 days. These parameters vary, (p = 5%) between type of females for the length of sexual cycle with a high proportion of abnormal cycles (31.61% short and 28.57% long). progesterone profiles showed the same trend. Concentration is lower at estrus period (0.29±0.12 ng/ml), it rises from the 4th day to reach a peak of 6±1.6 ng/ml between the 13th and 16th day of the cycle.
 Keywords: Durations, Cycle, Estrus, Progesterone, Evolution, Maradi Red goats
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Zakariyya, Aliyu Alhaji, Adamu Barwa Beji, and Unogwu Itodo. "ERROR ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY SIX PUPILS IN WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING FRACTIONS." Sokoto Educational Review 18, no. 1 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35386/ser.v18i1.48.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the errors made by primary school pupils in solving mathematical word problems in fraction using Newman’s Error Analysis procedure. The study used a qualitative research design and collected data using a diagnostic test and interview. The population of the study was primary six pupils in both public and private schools in Minna metropolis of Niger State, Nigeria. The samples were 105 primary six (6) pupils, 61 males and 44 females. The instruments used in the study are (a) a set of paper and pencil test consisting of 12 theory questions on fractions and (b) structured interview based on Newman’s theorem. The diagnostic test was administered to the pupils. Structured interview adopted from Rohmah and Sutiarso was also used to identify at which level students’ errors occur. The type of error was based on Newman Error Hierarchy Model that includes reading, comprehension, transformation, process skill, and encoding error. The data were analysed using inferential statistics of Chi-square (
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Silveira, Ronis Da, Izeni P. Farias, William E. Magnusson, Fabio L. Muniz, Tomas Hrbek, and Zilca Campos. "Multiple paternity in the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) population in the Anavilhanas National Park, Brazilian Amazonia." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 3 (2011): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/017353711x587741.
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AbstractThe formation of dominance hierarchies in which the female mates with a large dominant male is common among crocodilians. However, there is the possibility of polyandry, in which females mate with multiple partners during a single breeding season and generate offspring with multiple paternity. In the present study, eight pairs of heterologous primers developed for Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman latirostris were used to determine whether multiple paternity exists in the Black Caiman, Melanosuchus niger. For such, we analyzed 34 Black Caiman offspring from the Anavilhanas Archipelago in the Negro River (state of Amazonas, Brazil). The specimens came from six groups, each containing five or six hatchlings. Paternity exclusion and genetic identity indices were calculated to test the robustness of the microsatellite loci. Simple allele counts and maximum likelihood estimation of family clusters were used to determine the likelihood of occurrence of multiple paternity. Among the eight loci tested, five were effective at determining paternity, with paternity exclusion values close to 1.0 (QC = 0.92) and genetic identity values close to zero (IC < 0.01). Using the simple allele count, six cases of multiple paternity were detected and confirmed in three hatchling groups by four different microsatellite loci. However, maximum likelihood analysis indicated multiple paternity in all the groups analyzed, with five family clusters identified in one hatchling group alone. Considering that this species is listed according to IUCN as Lower Risk/Conservation Dependent, our results have direct conservation implications. Multiple paternity increases effective population size by maintaining genetic variation, and thus could be an important mechanism to maintain genetic diversity in isolated local populations.
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Faye, Mamecor, and Danamou Mounport. "Description of Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. with notes on P. bullatus Sharma & Siddiqi, 1990 from Senegal (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)." Nematology 9, no. 6 (2007): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854107782331199.
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AbstractDuring a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in the central regions of Senegal, a new species of Paralongidorus and seven populations of P. bullatus were collected. Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. is characterised by its small body size of 2.2-3.6 mm, hemispherical lip region, demarcated from body by a depression, funnel-shaped amphidial fovea and dorsally convex-conoid tail with a broadly rounded terminus. Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. closely resembles P. microlaimus and P. oryzae but differs from the former by shorter stylet (113-126 vs 125-136 μm), smaller c ratio (60-85 vs 85-150) and longer tail (35-49 vs 24-32 μm), and from the latter by longer stylet (113-126 vs 92 μm) and longer tail (35-49 vs 30 μm). Paralongidorus bullatus females from seven localities were measured and compared with the type population from Niger. Senegalese specimens were in general less slender and in some cases shorter or longer than those of the type population. Specimens originating from Tambacounda had a dorsally convex-conoid tail lacking the ventral curvature as described for the type population.
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Jumbo, J., E. N. Onini, and T. E. Okoro. "Patterns of spirometry findings among patients with suspected lower airway obstruction in a tertiary hospital, South-South, Nigeria." Research Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v9i1.7.
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Objectives: The respiratory system consists of the upper airway and the lower airway. Although, the airway sub-serves several functions, the most important functions of the airway are ventilation and gas exchange. Lower airway obstruction by diseases such as Asthma and COPD may impair airway function. Spirometry is a useful tool in the assessment of airway function. We aim to describe the observed patterns of spirometry findings among patients with suspected lower airway obstruction at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDUTH), Okolobiri, South-South Nigeria.
 Methods: Across-sectional study. Records of spirometry values were used to assess spirometry patterns. IBM SPSS software was used to analyze data.
 Results: Spirometry records of a total 100 patients were analysed. Mean age was 48.90 ± 19.77 years. There were 59% males and 41% of females. Spirometry patterns were: normal-59%; obstructive-39%; restrictive-1%; mixed-1%.
 Conclusion: Spirometry is a useful non-invasive tool in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, and recommended for patient evaluation in every tertiary hospital in Nigeria.
 Keywords: Spirometry pattern, airway obstruction, asthma, COPD
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Muhammad, Abdullahi, Sulaiman S. Ibrahim, Muhammad M. Mukhtar, et al. "High pyrethroid/DDT resistance in major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii from Niger-Delta of Nigeria is probably driven by metabolic resistance mechanisms." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0247944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247944.
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Entomological surveillance of local malaria vector populations is an important component of vector control and resistance management. In this study, the resistance profile and its possible mechanisms was characterised in a field population of the major malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii from Port Harcourt, the capital of Rivers state, in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria. Larvae collected in Port-Harcourt, were reared to adulthood and used for WHO bioassays. The population exhibited high resistance to permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT with mortalities of 6.7% ± 2.4, 37.5% ± 3.2 and 6.3% ± 4.1, respectively, but were fully susceptible to bendiocarb and malathion. Synergist bioassays with piperonylbutoxide (PBO) partially recovered susceptibility, with mortalities increasing to 53% ± 4, indicating probable role of CYP450s in permethrin resistance (χ2 = 29.48, P < 0.0001). Transcriptional profiling revealed five major resistance-associated genes overexpressed in the field samples compared to the fully susceptible laboratory colony, Ngoussou. Highest fold change (FC) was observed with GSTe2 (FC = 3.3 in permethrin exposed and 6.2 in unexposed) and CYP6Z3 (FC = 1.4 in exposed and 4.6 in unexposed). TaqMan genotyping of 32 F0 females detected the 1014F and 1575Y knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations with frequencies of 0.84 and 0.1, respectively, while 1014S mutation was not detected. Sequencing of a fragment of the voltage-gated sodium channel, spanning exon 20 from 13 deltamethrin-resistant and 9 susceptible females revealed only 2 distinct haplotypes with a low haplotype diversity of 0.33. The findings of high pyrethroid resistance but with a significant degree of recovery after PBO synergist assay suggests the need to move to PBO-based nets. This could be complemented with carbamate- or organophosphate-based indoor residual spraying in this area.
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Charton, Laurence. "Diversité des parcours familiaux et rapport au temps." II Temporalités et trajectoires de vie, no. 54 (April 27, 2006): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012860ar.
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Cet article met en évidence, à partir d’une analyse de seize récits de vie de femmes collectés dans une région française en 2002-2003, que le sens attribué par les individus à leurs parcours familiaux dépend essentiellement de leur rapport au temps. Trois rapports au temps, qui caractérisent une forme d’individuation ou de rapport de l’individu à la société, ont ainsi été observés. Le premier est placé sous le signe de la continuité et de la tradition; l’organisation familiale y relève du groupe, et l’individu n’existe qu’en référence à ce dernier. Le second, qui est partie prenante de l’organisation familiale moderne, est placé sous le signe du projet de maîtrise de l’existence; l’individu cherche à conquérir son autonomie à travers la suite de ses expériences existentielles. Le troisième, enfin, au sein duquel l’individu ne se veut plus seulement autonome mais encore littéralement autoréférentiel, conduit l’acteur social au refus de toutes les contraintes extérieures et, paradoxalement, à nier le temps, si ce n’est dans sa dimension d’immédiateté, définissant ainsi une individualité contemporaine dans tous les sens du terme.
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Akinyoade, Demola, Bosede Awodola, and Adeola Ogunrin. "You Can’t Give What You Don’t Have: Intervention Agencies and Gender Dynamics in Beneficiary Communities." Advances in Politics and Economics 3, no. 2 (2020): p87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v3n2p87.
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Interventions are meant to improve people’s lives; however, they can fail to do so and at times even worsen situations. Gender equality is one area that needs improvement in societies, but which interventions can inadvertently impact upon negatively. The study assessed the impact of the Niger Delta Development Commission’s (NDDC) interventions on gender dynamics in Odi Community. A case study design was adopted for the study. Data collection and analyses were iterative. Findings showed that although gender sensitivity is articulated in the mandate of the Commission, however, the NDDC lacks institutional capacity for it. Hence, it did not appropriately mainstream gender in its interventions, and thus, impacted gender relations negatively. This it did by inadvertently entrenching traditional power disequilibrium and gender roles between females and males. Also, it did not include women in its community engagement meetings and unconsciously allocated more financial resources to males. Finally, the Commission did not make provision for women’s needs to encourage women participation and entrenched women’s traditional reproductive activities. It takes more than policy to make intervention agencies to support gender equality: institutional capacity and sensitivity are required.