Academic literature on the topic 'Femmes tondues'

This article will examine representations of the Liberation of France in the war reports of Lee Miller, an accredited photographer and correspondent for American and British Vogue during the Second World War. Miller’s frontline reports framed Liberation France in idealised images of feminine beauty and elegance, making use of fashion as a primary conduit for understanding the war and occupation for readers on the home front. As this article will argue, examining Miller’s choices and perspective as a female photographer sheds new light on the intersection of fashion, war photography and the female body. In Miller’s work, fashion becomes a site for imagining liberation in ways that foreground the gendering of war experience and the legacies of conflict for women. By charting Miller’s representations of French women at the Liberation, and above all the chastised figure of the femme tondue, this article will analyse how French women function as carriers of multiple messages about war, liberation and reconstruction in Miller’s work. Unlike the sensationalist images of the femmes tondues published in the British picture press and newspapers in the summer of 1944, Miller’s war reports in Vogue construct an empathic relationship with such underprivileged female subjects. Miller’s work opens a space, therefore, for speculation on the role of fashion in shaping how the Second World War was understood by a first generation of female memory producers and consumers.

Lors de cette intervention au séminaire de psychopathologie clinique, organisé par le psychiatre Evelyne Hechner et le psychologue Olivier Douville au CHS de Ville Évrard, consacré à “Littérature et psychiatrie : soigner oui… mais pas sans littérature”, l’intervenant se demande ce que l’on sait, aujourd’hui, du destin des enfants nés du ventre des femmes tondues (encore appelées « collaboratrices de sexe » par la réglementation) et précise la nature des liens établis avec les occupants. Il retrace le destin de l’un de ces enfants, Emma Santos, jeune femme devenue écrivaine par nécessité, pour sa survie. Cette dernière vie aux prises avec la stigmatisation de ses parents (un couple franco-allemand), et aux prises avec les mouvements féministes d’alors comme le procès contre le viol de Bobigny, le procès en faveur de l’avortement de Perpignan, et le différend entre F. Giroud et S. Veil (loi Veil en 1975) où la petite histoire a donné naissance à la grande. Tous ces éléments font de cette femme une résistante qui a su utiliser sa folie et recourir à la psychiatrie pour en défendre le statut. Emma Santos se déclare littéromane et nous dit, par la voix de ses huit ouvrages ainsi que par ses représentations théâtrales, qu’elle est contenue par la folie, et que cette dernière est de la littérature même. Comment ne pas interroger la dimension politique de la psychiatrie ? L’auteur s’efforce de répondre à cette question avec tact.

In fig wasps, mating takes place among the offspring of one or a few foundress mothers inside the fig from which mated females disperse to found new broods. Under these conditions, related males will compete with each other for mating and several studies have shown female bias in brood sex ratios as a response to Local Mate Competition (LMC). Studying Pegoscapus tonduzi which pollinates Ficus citrifolia in Brazil, we analysed the effect of LMC (number of foundresses) on the sex ratio of the offspring of pollinating wasps. The relationship between the foundress number and brood sex ratio qualitatively followed the theory, however the empirical sex ratio was more female biased than expected from theoretical values. The model for an optimal sex ratio considers that each foundress wasp contributes the same number of eggs to be bred and that the violation of this assumption may explain the lack of adjustment in relation to the theory.

Abstract Background and Aims Females with Fabry disease (FD) often develop symptoms and disease complications later in life than males. However, they can experience significant health declines, including renal function impairment. Pegunigalsidase alfa is a novel PEGylated alpha-galactosidase A enzyme in development for the treatment of patients with FD with potential pharmacokinetic benefits. We previously reported that males with FD showed improvements in several parameters including median (minimum, maximum) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope from -4.6 (-20.5, 4.8) to -1.1 (-18.6, 14.2) mL/min/1.73m2/year after treatment with pegunigalsidase alfa.(Tondel et al. ASN 2020. PO0562. www.asn.scientificposters.com) Here we report a subgroup analysis of the safety and efficacy of pegunigalsidase alfa treatment in females with FD. Method BRIDGE (PB-102-F30; NCT03018730) is a phase 3, open-label, switch-over study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of pegunigalsidase alfa in adults with FD previously treated with agalsidase alfa for at least 2 years. Patients received intravenous pegunigalsidase alfa at 1 mg/kg every other week for 12 months. Results Twenty-two patients were enrolled in the study; of the 20 patients who completed 12 months of study treatment, 7 were female. Females had a mean age of 46.7 years (range: 26–59 years), and had the following median (minimum, maximum) baseline measurements: residual enzymatic activity in leucocytes of 23.7% (16, 46) of the normal laboratory mean; plasma lyso-Gb3 of 12.9 (7.4, 23.2) nmol/L; eGFR of 87.7 (55.3, 109.2) mL/min/1.73m2; and an annualized eGFR slope of −3.7 (-11.2, 1.5) mL/min/1.73m2/year. After 12 months of pegunigalsidase alfa treatment, the annualized eGFR slope was 1.4 (-6.3, 4.1) mL/min/1.73m2/year, indicating an improvement from baseline of 5.9 mL/min/1.73m2/year. In addition, plasma lyso-Gb3 had a reduction of 23.3% (-45.7, -17.3). Although all females had baseline mean residual enzyme activity > 5% and were previously treated with agalsidase alfa, only 2 had stable kidney disease (eGFR slope ≥ -3 mL/min/1.73m2/year), while 2 had moderately progressing kidney disease (eGFR slope between ≥-5 and < -3 mL/min/1.73m2/year), and 3 had fast progressing kidney disease (eGFR slope < -5 mL/min/1.73 m²/year).( Wanner et al. 2018 Mol Genet Metab 124:189-203) After treatment all but 1 patient experienced categorical improvement or remained stable; this patient had a decline of < 3 mL/min/1.73m2/year and remained in the fast progressing disease category. Mean left ventricular mass index in females increased from 66.9 g/m2 at baseline to 74.1 g/m2 at month 12, but remained within normal ranges(47–77 g/m2).(Kawel-Boehm et al. 2015 J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 17:29) All females had at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), and all TEAEs were mild or moderate. The most common TEAEs reported in female were nasopharyngitis (n=2), oropharyngeal pain (n=2), and headache (n=2). None of these TEAEs were considered related to treatment. However, 2 females had injection site reactions and 2 developed transient, non-neutralizing anti-drug antibodies to pegunigalsidase alfa treatment. Conclusion The current study included females with symptoms of Fabry disease comparable to the disease presentation of males enrolled in this study. At baseline most females had eGFR decline characterizing progressive or rapidly progressive kidney disease. Most females showed improvements in disease status following 12 months of pegunigalsidase alfa treatment, as previously reported for males enrolled in this study. This long-term, controlled study suggests a potential benefit and a favorable safety profile for pegunigalsidase alfa on renal function in females with FD previously treated with agalsidase alfa. While this subgroup analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of patients, these findings may provide valuable insight for future studies.