Journal articles on the topic 'Fen lei xue'

For this assignment, students analyzed everyday writing—writing that we might not think about in the same ways as we think about writing at a university—and how communities use this everyday writing to accomplish a particular goal. In this case, Yuqing Xue looked at how the Chinese fans of Korean pop music (K-pop) stars use tact to subtly persuade other fans to further the community’s goals: to keep their idols’ reputations intact and to make them as popular as possible. K-pop fan groups recently demonstrated the power of their coordinated action campaigns by booking tickets for a Trump rally that they had no intention of attending. These inflated numbers led the Trump campaign to believe that more supporters would attend their rally than did. This recent example reveals how the writing of communities that we believe to be trivial may wield power and influence in other contexts.

Though it would be almost impossible to trace who first applied the term ‘Avant-Garde fiction’ (Xianfeng Xiaoshuo ) to a recent trend in Chinese fiction since 1985, it is an appropriate name in many respects. All the previous schools of fiction in modern China—Wound fiction (Shangheng Xiaoshuo ), Reform fiction (Gaige Xiaoshuo ), Re-thinking fiction (Fansi Xiaowen ), or Roots-Seeking fiction (Xungen Xiaoshuo )—received their names after their respective subject matters. The naming of Avant-Garde fiction itself seems to indicate that Chinese fiction has grown out of its thematic age to enter a new phase of life beyond themes.The earliest authors of Chinese Avant-Garde fiction—Can Xue , Ma Yuan , Hong Feng , Zhaxi Dawa , Mo Yan and others—are all based in remote areas far from the centres of modern Chinese civilization. This led some critics to the conclusion that literary modernity was at odds with modern urbanized culture. Hardly had such an argument been put forward when, towards the end of 1987, there appeared a new group of Avant-Garde writers—Su Tong with The escape of 1934 (Yijiu sansi nian de taowang— :), Sun Ganlu with The letter from the postman (Xinshi zhi han Ge Fei with The lost boat (Mizhou) and Yu Hua with One kind of reality (Xianshi yizhong)— all of them based in the Yangtze Delta, the most prosperous area of modern China. This would suggest, at least, that Chinese avant-gardism is not entirely dependent on economic-geographical conditions.

The purpose of the study was to determine how multi-vitamin deficiency affects xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme (XME) activities in the rat liver. Vitamin levels and XME activities were studied in the livers of male Wistar rats who were fed for 4 weeks with semi-synthetic diets containing either adequate (100 % of recommended vitamin intake) levels of vitamins (control), or decreased vitamin levels (50 % or 20 % of recommended vitamin intake). The study results have shown that moderate vitamin deficiency (50 %) leads to a decrease of vitamin A levels only, and to a slight increase, as compared with the control, in the following enzyme activities: methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (MROD) activity of CYP1 A2 - by 34 % (p < 0.05), UDP-glucuronosyl transferase - by 26 % (p < 0.05), and quinone reductase - by 55 % (p < 0.05). Profound vitamin deficiency (20 %) led to a decrease of vitamins A, E, B1, B2, and C, and enzyme activities in the liver: MROD - to 78 % of the control level (p < 0.05), 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase - to 74 % (p < 0.05), heme oxygenase-1 - to 83 % (p < 0.05), and quinone reductase - to 60 % (p < 0.05). At the same time, the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity and ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity of CYP1A1, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity of CYP2B1/2 and 6β-testosterone hydroxylase, as well as the total activity of glutathione transferase did not differ from the control levels. The study has demonstrated that profound multi-vitamin deficiency is associated with a decrease in the expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 mRNAs to 62 % and 79 %, respectively. These data indicated that a short-term but profound multi-vitamin deficiency in rats leads to a decrease in the activities and expression of the some XME that play an important role in detoxification of xenobiotics and metabolism of drugs and antioxidant protection.

It is known that the physico-chemical characteristics of fibre modify their fermentation characteristics in the colon. Previously we showed the varying effects of inulin and different types of fibre on the hepatic and intestinal xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) in initially germ-free rats inoculated with a human, methanogenic, whole-faecal flora (Roland et al. 1994). The aim of the present work was to assess whether or not these effects could be related to differences in production of fermentation metabolites (gases excreted in vivo and caecal metabolites) due to the different compositions of fibre. The different types of fibres were analysed with regard to their solubility and their composition of neutral monomers and uronic acids. Inulin was totally soluble, carrot (Daucus carota), cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and wheat bran were partially soluble; pea (Pisum sativum) and oat were nearly totally insoluble. Uronic acids were found mostly in carrot and cocoa fibre. Glucose was present as the main neutral monomer in each fibre type. Xylose was found also in wheat bran, pea and oat fibres, and arabinose was found in wheat bran. Inulin consumption led to high levels of H2 production but no CH4 production, to a 4-fold greater caecal concentration of butyrate than with the other fibres and to a decrease in caecal pH. Conversely, rats fed on carrot or cocoa fibre produced a large amount of CH4 but no H2 and generated a different profile of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The lowest amounts of gases and SCFA were found in rats fed on wheat bran, pea and oat fibre. We observed a relationship between the caecal concentration of SCFA and the activity of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2·5·1·18) but no direct link was shown between the other XME and the fermentation profile.

The homogeneous distribution of nano-metallic structures on the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) substrates plays an important factor for high-sensitive Raman scattering measurement. In this paper, we present a low-cost laser-assisted photochemical method for making a SERS probe based on silver nanostructures, which are one-timely synthesized nano-silver structures, homogeneously deposited on silica microsphere surfaces. Achieved SERS-activity substrates with a homogeneous distribution of Ag-nanostructures are verified by a mapping technique on the surface of Ag-coated microsphere for the detection of low concentration of Rhodamine 6G in aqueous solutions in a range of 10-4-10-9M. The obtained results show that a SERS microsphere probe has a good repetition of SERS-activity in any space of sensing area, and large potential for application in a biochemical sensing technique. Full Text: PDF ReferencesY. Chen et al., "Interfacial reactions in lithium batteries", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50, 02510 (2017). CrossRef T.B. Pham, H. Bui, H.T. Le, V.H. Pham, "Characteristics of the Fiber Laser Sensor System Based on Etched-Bragg Grating Sensing Probe for Determination of the Low Nitrate Concentration in Water", Sensors 17, 0007 (2017). CrossRef X. Wang, O.S. Wolfbeis, "Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013–2015)", Anal. Chem. 88, 203 (2016). CrossRef R. Wang, K. Kim, N. Choi, X. Wang, J. Lee, J.H. Joen, G. Rhie, J. Choo, "Highly sensitive detection of high-risk bacterial pathogens using SERS-based lateral flow assay strips", Sens. Actuators B-Chem. 270, 72 (2018). CrossRef H. Zhang et al., "Determination of Pesticides by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Gold-Nanoparticle-Modified Polymethacrylate", Anal. Let. 49, 2268 (2016). CrossRef L. Chen, H. Yan, X. Xue, D. Jiang, Y. Cai, D. Liang, Y.M. Jung, X.X. Han, B. Zhao, "Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Active Gold Nanoparticles Decorated on a Porous Polymer Filter", Appl. Spectrosc. 71, 1543 (2017). CrossRef A. Matikainen, T. Nuutinen, P. Vahimaa, S. Honkanen, "A solution to the fabrication and tarnishing problems of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) fiber probes", Sci. Rep. 5, 8320 (2015). CrossRef J. Zhang, S. Chen, T. Gong, X. Zhang, Y. Zhu, "Tapered Fiber Probe Modified by Ag Nanoparticles for SERS Detection", Plasm. 11, 743 (2016). CrossRef W. Xu et al., "A Dual-Butterfly Structure Gyroscope", Sensors 17, 467 (2017). CrossRef K. Setoura, S. Ito, M. Yamada, H. Yamauchi, H. Miyasaka, "Fabrication of silver nanoparticles from silver salt aqueous solution at water-glass interface by visible CW laser irradiation without reducing reagents", J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem. 344, 168 (2017). CrossRef K. Liu, Y. Bai, L. Zhang, Z. Yang, Q. Fan, H. Zheng, Y. Yin, C. Gao, "Porous Au–Ag Nanospheres with High-Density and Highly Accessible Hotspots for SERS Analysis", Nano Lett. 16, 3675 (2016). CrossRef Z. Huang, X. Lei, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wang, Q. Mao, G. Meng, "Tapered Optical Fiber Probe Assembled with Plasmonic Nanostructures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Application", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 17247 (2015). CrossRef

Recently, sulfonamides have been shown to be promising electrolyte components due to their high chemical and electrochemical stability in lithium batteries [1, 2]. The electrolyte stability becomes critical when applying high voltage and/or utilizing Ni-rich layered oxides in high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Another approach to successful Ni-rich cathode performance is to develop a stable and effective cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). Given the success of sultones and sulfates in this regard [3, 4], it is hypothesized that nitrogen analogs, like sulfonamides, could be tailored to provide a similar benefit. Indeed, Yim et al. [5, 6] have shown that N,N,N’,N’-tetraethylsulfamide (TES) forms a CEI on NMC811 that imparts high voltage cycling stability and less cathode corrosion. Our earlier studies of TES with Ni-rich NCA also formed a favorable CEI and these results are the topic of this presentation. Herein, we examine the performance of 0 - 4 wt.% TES in our commercially available, high power INR18650-P28A. These cells contain a composite SiO/graphite anode in addition to a Ni-rich cathode. As shown in Fig 1, TES significantly decreased the impedance of the cathode interface after conditioning compared to the control electrolyte. Thereafter, cells containing up to 2%TES show improved capacity retention during long-term high-rate cycling (+1C/-80W). Part of this success was due to a suppression of resistance growth during cycling by TES. Fast charge cycling (+3C/-2C), however, was moderately impaired with increased TES. Considering the largely reduced impedance of the cathode, fast-charge performance may have suffered due to anode rate limitations. These results will be discussed as well as gas generation, storage performance, and additional rate and cycling tests. [1] Shuting Feng, Mingjun Huang, Jessica R. Lamb, Wenxu Zhang, Ryoichi Tatara, Yirui Zhang, Yun Guang Zhu, Collin F. Perkinson, Jeremiah A. Johnson, Yang Shao-Horn. Chem, 5, 2630-2641 (2019) [2] Weijiang Xue, Mingjun Huang, Yutao Li, Yun Guang Zhu, Rui Gao, Xianghui Xiao, Wenxu Zhang, Sipei Li, Guiyin Xu, Yang Yu, Peng Li, Jeffrey Lopez, Daiwei Yu, Yanhao Dong, Weiwei Fan, Zhe Shi, Rui Xiong, Cheng-Jun Sun, Inhui Hwang, Wah-Keat Lee, Yang Shao-Horn, Jeremiah A. Johnson, Ju Li. Nature Energy, 6, 495-505 (2021) [3] Koji Abe, Manuel Colera, Kei Shimamoto, Masahide Kondo, Kazuhiro Miyoshi. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 161 (6) A863-A870 (2014) [4] Jian Xia, N. N. Sinha, L. P. Chen, J. R. Dahn. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 161 (3) A264-A274 (2014) [5] Kwangeun Jung, Taeeun Yim. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 834,155155 (2020) [6] Ji Won Kim, Kwangeun Jung, Taeeun Yim. Journal of Mater. Sci & Tech. 86, 70-76 (2021) Figure 1

Abstract Background: Morpho-physiological alternations of platelets provided a rationale to harness RNA sequencing of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) for preoperative diagnosis of cancer. Timely, accurate, and non-invasive detection of ovarian cancer in women with adnexal masses presents a significant clinical challenge. Patients and Methods: This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n=3; Netherlands, n=5; Poland, n=1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. Results: The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. Analysis of public datasets suggested that TEPs had potential to detect multiple malignancies (Table 1). Conclusions: TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, early-stage ovarian cancer as well as other malignancies. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities. Table 1. Performance for TEPs in public pan-cancer datasets. Disease n Healthy Control AUC, area under the curve (95% CI) Women NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer) 126 77 0.758 (0.691-0.825) Breast cancer 38 77 0.817 (0.726-0.909) Colorectal cancer 18 77 0.973 (0.945-1.000) Pancreatic cancer 16 77 0.993 (0.981-1.000) Glioblastoma 10 77 0.923 (0.831-1.000) Men NSCLC 119 82 0.746 (0.677-0.815) Colorectal cancer 25 82 0.933 (0.884-0.982) Pancreatic cancer 22 82 0.993 (0.984-1.000) Glioblastoma 19 82 0.981 (0.959-1.000) All NSCLC 245 159 0.774 (0.728-0.820) Colorectal cancer 40 159 0.978 (0.961-0.996) Breast cancer 38 159 0.821 (0.736-0.906) Pancreatic cancer 35 159 0.987 (0.974-0.999) Glioblastoma 35 159 0.931 (0.890-0.972) Hepatobiliary carcinomas 14 159 0.991 (0.978-1.000) Citation Format: Yue Gao, Chun-Jie Liu, Hua-Yi Li, Xiao-Ming Xiong, Sjors G.j.g. In ‘t Veld, Gui-Ling Li, Jia-Hao Liu, Guang-Yao Cai, Gui-Yan Xie, Shao-Qing Zeng, Yuan Wu, Jian-Hua Chi, Qiong Zhang, Xiao-Fei Jiao, Lin-Li Shi, Wan-Rong Lu, Wei-Guo Lv, Xing-Sheng Yang, Jurgen M.j. Piek, Cornelis D de Kroon, C.a.r. Lok, Anna Supernat, Sylwia Łapińska-Szumczyk, Anna Łojkowska, Anna J. Żaczek, Jacek Jassem, Bakhos A. Tannous, Nik Sol, Edward Post, Myron G. Best, Bei-Hua Kong, Xing Xie, Ding Ma, Thomas Wurdinger, An-Yuan Guo, Qing-Lei Gao. Platelet RNA signature enables early and accurate detection of ovarian cancer: An intercontinental, biomarker identification study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB168.

COVID-19 Pandemic resulted in social mobility and travel restrictions to contain the infection. It has been reported that there happened post-pandemic surge in the use of the internet and social media as people rely on it more often for entertainment, work, and learning purposes. It is also been used as an unhealthy coping strategy for pandemic related stress. The smartphone was found to be the most common gadget used for accessing internet-based services. Owing to the postural alterations related to the small screen size of smartphones, neck pain was reported very commonly among smartphone users. Neck pain among smartphone users is a public health concern needing immediate attention in the pandemic time. Many of the risk factors leading to neck pain among smartphone users are modifiable. The authors outline preventive strategies that are mostly self- regulated. The strategies recommended include reducing Smartphone usage time (Smartphone-Free Time, Smartphone-Free Zone), maintaining ideal posture (Focus Breaks, Mobility Breaks, How am I keeping my posture?, Hands-free alternatives), doing regular exercises, preparing and following an activity schedule, and inculcating healthy habits. References Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg 2020; 76: 71–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034 Király O, Potenza MN, Stein DJ, King DL, Hodgins DC, Saunders JB, et al. Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 100:152180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180 Sun Y, Li Y, Bao Y, Meng S, Sun Y, Schumann G, et al. Brief Report: Increased Addictive Internet and Substance Use Behavior During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in China. Am J Addict 2020 ;29(4):268–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.13066 Varga E. How does the Internet Influences the Readers’ Behavior. Procedia Manuf. 2020; 46:949–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.013 Zhuang L, Wang L, Xu D, Wang Z, Liang R. Association between excessive smartphone use and cervical disc degeneration in young patients suffering from chronic neck pain. J Orthop Sci. 2020; https://doi.org/1016/j.jos.2020.02.009 Davey S, Davey A. Assessment of smartphone addiction in indian adolescents: a mixed method study by systematic-review and meta-analysis approach. Int J Prev Med.2014;5(12):1500–11. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709785 Smetaniuk P. A preliminary investigation into the prevalence and prediction of problematic cell phone use. J Behav Addict 2014 Mar;3(1):41–53. https://doi.org/1556/JBA.3.2014.004 Lee H, Seo MJ, Choi TY. The Effect of Home-based Daily Journal Writing in Korean Adolescents with Smartphone Addiction. 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Appl Ergon.2017 Mar;59:132–42. https://doi.org/1016/j.apergo.2016.08.020 Alsalameh AM, Harisi MJ, Alduayji MA, Almutham AA, Mahmood FM. Evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction/overuse and musculoskeletal pain among medical students at Qassim University. J Fam Med Prim care. 2019;8(9):2953–9. https://doi.org/4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_665_19 Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Smith AJ, Mukherjee S, Mackey DA, et al. A prospective longitudinal study of mobile touch screen device use and musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health in adolescents. Appl Ergon. 2020; 85:103028. https://doi.org/1016/j.apergo.2019.103028 Lee S, Kang H, Shin G. Head flexion angle while using a smartphone. Ergonomics. 2015 Feb 17;58(2):220–6. https://doi.org/1080/00140139.2014.967311 Guan X, Fan G, Chen Z, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Hu A, et al. Gender difference in mobile phone use and the impact of digital device exposure on neck posture. Ergonomics. 2016;59(11):1453–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1147614 Han H, Shin G. Head flexion angle when web-browsing and texting using a smartphone while walking. Appl Ergon. 2019; 81:102884. https://doi.org/1016/j.apergo.2019.102884 Singla D, Veqar Z. Association between forward head, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis: a review of the literature. J Chiropr Med. 2017;16(3):220–9. https://doi.org/1016/j.jcm.2017.03.004 Park J-H, Kang S-Y, Lee S-G, Jeon H-S. The effects of smart phone gaming duration on muscle activation and spinal posture: Pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017;33(8):661–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2017.1328716 Xie Y, Szeto GPY, Dai J, Madeleine P. A comparison of muscle activity in using touchscreen smartphone among young people with and without chronic neck–shoulder pain. Ergonomics. 2016;59(1):61–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1056237 Hansraj KK. Assessment of stresses in the cervical spine caused by posture and position of the head. Surg Technol Int. 2014; 25:277–9. Li W, Yang Y, Liu Z-H, Zhao Y-J, Zhang Q, Zhang L, et al. Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(10):1732–8. https://doi.org/7150/ijbs.45120 Namwongsa S, Puntumetakul R, Neubert MS, Boucaut R. Factors associated with neck disorders among university student smartphone users. Work. 2018;61(3):367–78. https://doi.org/3233/WOR-182819 Ko P-H, Hwang Y-H, Liang H-W. Influence of smartphone use styles on typing performance and biomechanical exposure. Ergonomics. 2016;59(6):821–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1088075

To achieve lithium-ion batteries with high energy density at competitive prices for automotive and large-scale applications, cathode active materials (CAMs) based on Li- and Mn-rich NCMs (LMR-NCMs), like Li1.14(Ni0.26Co0.14Mn0.60)0.86O2, are promising candidates.[1] However, LMR-NCMs still suffer from high gassing, particularly during cell formation, and detrimental voltage and capacity fading over their cycle life.[2,3] Different approaches can be utilized to try to mitigate these issues, such as the use of electrolyte additives, novel material designs (compositional gradients, etc.), or post-treatments.[4–7] In this study, we investigated the effect of a water-based post-treatment of LMR-NCM. It consists of a washing process of the LMR-NCM that results in a partial delithiation of its near-suface region by a lithium/proton ion exchange, while at the same time avoiding transition metal dissolution. A recalcination of this protonated near-surface layer of the LMR-NCM particles results in the formation of a protective spinel-like surface layer. We observed that after this treatment, the gassing during formation is decreased by »10-fold. Furthermore, the cycling performance of graphite/LMR-NCM full-cells is also drastically increased. By conducting on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) measurements, we analyzed the gas evolution of as-received and post-treated LMR-NCMs during the first activation cycle. It is known from the literature that the activation of LMR-NCMs is accompanied by a strong O2 and CO2 evolution during the first charge.[2] As seen in Figure 1, CO2 is evolved simultaneously with O2 from Li/LMR-NCM half-cells, prepared with untreated, as-received LMR-NCM (as-received, black line). With post-treated LMR-NCM, both CO2 and O2-evolution during the activation cycle are reduced by »10-fold (post-treated, green line). Only a small amount of the first-charge capacity (<10%) is lost due to the post-treatment, as seen in Figure 1a, reflecting the slight extent of delithiation that is part of the post-treatment. As will be shown, cycling tests of graphite/LMR-NCM full-cells with a post-treated LMR-NCM reveal a greatly increased cycling stability in comparison to cells with an as-received material. Using TGA-MS, XPS and ICP-OES, we further elucidate the beneficial mechanism of the here developed water-based post-treatment. References: [1] D. Andre, S.-J. Kim, P. Lamp, S. F. Lux, F. Maglia, O. Paschos, B. Stiaszny, J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 6709–6732. [2] T. Teufl, B. Strehle, P. Müller, H. A. Gasteiger, M. A. Mendez, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018, 165, A2718–A2731. [3] B. Strehle, K. Kleiner, R. Jung, F. Chesneau, M. Mendez, A. Hubert, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2017, 164, 400–406. [4] Z. Zhu, D. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. Huang, Y. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. Wang, A. Hunt, X. Yao, J. Lee, W. Xue, J. Li, Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 1049–1058. [5] S. Ramakrishnan, B. Park, J. Wu, W. Yang, B. D. Mccloskey, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 8522–8531. [6] A. Gue, C. Bolli, M. A. Mendez, E. J. Berg, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 290–299. [7] J. Sicklinger, H. Beyer, L. Hartmann, F. Riewald, C. Sedlmeier, H. A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020, 167, 130507. Acknowledgements This work is financially supported by the BASF SE Network on Electrochemistry and Battery Research. Figure 1: OEMS measurements of the first lithiation half-cycle to 4.8 V of Li/LMR-NCM half-cells with either an as-received (black line) or a post-treated LMR-NCM (green line). a) Cell voltage vs. time at a C/rate of C/10 (referenced to 250 mAh/g delithiation capacity). b) CO2 evolution given in units of μmol/gCAM (determined from the signal at m/z = 44). c) O2 evolution (from m/z = 32). The half-cells were charged at 25°C, using an FEC/DEC (2:8) electrolyte with 1.0 m LiPF6. Figure 1

BackgroundWe previously reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the hepatic tissues of recovered patients1 but the spatial immune profile of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly understood. To address this, here we performed deep spatial profiling in tumour-adjacent normal hepatic tissue from a HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient with history of COVID-19.MethodsWe obtained tissue from curative resection of a HCC patient 85 days post-recovery from COVID-19. Spatial immune profiling was performed by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC)2 and more deeply using the Visium spatial transcriptomics platform complemented with signatures derived from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and published signatures.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins were detected in a tumour-adjacent normal hepatic section in a spatially-restricted pattern (figure 1A and B) and higher abundance of lymphocytes but not macrophages were observed in regions with virus detection (figure 1C).We employed spatial transcriptomics and scRNA-seq to further characterize the immune microenvironment of SARS-CoV-2 post-infection. Unsupervised clustering and automatic annotation3 of Visium spots revealed that the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins partially coincided with a memory T-cell signature (figure 1D). Quantification of Visium transcriptomic spots using an independent transcriptomic signature based on genes differentially upregulated in immune cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection4 (figure 1E) resulted in an enrichment pattern similar to the SARS-CoV-2 protein distribution. Additionally, a signature derived from scRNA-seq of hepatic tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes after ex vivo peptide stimulation using a pool of SARS-CoV-2 peptides showed a strongly associated distribution, in line with a SARS-CoV2-specific immune response5 whereas that from using a pool of HBV peptides resulted in an anti-correlated distribution (figure 1F). These illustrate the ability of spatial transcriptomics to quantify with microenvironment-level resolution the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response.Recapitulating the mIHC protein data, deconvolution of immune populations6 revealed marked spatial associations between SARS-CoV-2 viral presence and the distributions of lymphocytes but not of macrophages (figure 1G).ConclusionsWe believe this is the first deep profiling report of non-post-mortem samples which adopts a multi-modal approach combining mIHC, spatial transcriptomics, and transcriptomic signatures derived from scRNA-seq to interrogate the in situ immune response to viral infection. Applying this to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we detected tissue spatial heterogeneity in viral presence and an associated lymphocyte-dominant immune response in the COVID-19-recovered patient, in contrast to post-mortem observations of scarce lymphocytes in cases of severe COVID-19.7 Ongoing work including further validation of the findings in local and overseas cohorts and their correlation with patient clinical outcomes.ReferencesCheung CCL, et al. Residual SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens detected in GI and hepatic tissues from five recovered patients with COVID-19. Gut, p. gutjnl-2021-324280, 2021. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324280.Lim JCT, et al. An automated staining protocol for seven-colour immunofluorescence of human tissue sections for diagnostic and prognostic use. Pathology (Phila.) 2018;50(3):333–341. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.11.087.Shao X, Liao J, Lu X, Xue R, Ai N, Fan X. scCATCH: automatic annotation on cell types of Clusters from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data. iScience 2020;23(3):100882, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100882.Lee JS, et al. Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2020;5(49):p.eabd1554. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554.Schub D, et al. High levels of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells with restricted functionality in severe courses of COVID-19. JCI Insight 2020;5(20):p.e142167. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.142167.Newman AM, et al. Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nat Methods 2015;12(5):453–457. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3337.Wang Y, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol 2020;73(4):807–816. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.002.Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by the SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board (reference number: 2019/2653)Abstract 626 Figure 1Spatial heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 infection uncovers an association with a dominant lymphocytic response

Abstract Background: HER3, a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases that activate multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, is overexpressed in 50-70% of breast cancers (BC). HER3 mRNA levels are higher in ER+ breast tumors than in other molecular subtypes. Inhibition of ER activity using an antagonist increased HER3 protein expression and activation, which was essential for growth and survival of ER+ BC cells resistant to the ER antagonist. Therefore, therapeutically targeting HER3 with HER3-DXd, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a fully human anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody (patritumab) conjugated to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (an exatecan derivative) via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker, can be an effective treatment for tamoxifen-resistant (TMR) ER+ BC. After first assessing HER3-DXd as a single agent, we sought to identify a synergistic partner to maximize HER3-DXd’s antitumor activity in HER3+/ER+ TMR BC. Methods: Whole-genome high-throughput siRNA screening was performed to identify targets whose inhibition enhances HER3-DXd’s antitumor efficacy. The antitumor effects of HER3-DXd plus the synergistic partners were assessed using a soft agar colony formation assay and a clonogenic assay in TMR HER3+/ER+ MCF7 and T47D BC cells. Treatment effects on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and expression of proteins that regulate cell cycle progression were assessed by flow cytometry, annexin V-PE and 7-AAD staining, and Western blotting, respectively. Results: HER3-DXd inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of HER3+/ER+ cells by &gt;50% at 5 nM and their colony formation at 5-25 nM (P&lt;0.05). To maximize HER3-DXd’s antitumor efficacy, we performed high-throughput siRNA screening and identified ATR, CD247, RAB7A, UPK3A, ROCK2, SLC29A1, and WNT7A as potential synergistic targets. Among these targets, inhibiting ATR with siRNA or BAY1895344 showed the most synergistic effect with HER3-DXd in HER3+/ER+ BC cells. In contrast, no synergistic effect was observed with the combination of BAY1895344 plus patritumab or control ADC (IgG-DXd), suggesting its dependence on HER3-DXd-mediated delivery of DXd. The combination of HER3-DXd plus BAY1895344 reprogrammed cell cycle progression from G2/M arrest to G1 arrest by inhibiting both ATR/Chk1/cyclin A2/CDK2 and ATR/Chk1/cyclin E/CDK2 signaling. The combination also reduced expression of H2AX, an ATR substrate that contributes to DNA repair, but increased that of γH2AX, indicating the induction of DNA damage. HER3-DXd and BAY1895344 synergistically inhibited growth of HER3+/ER+ BC cells by inducing apoptosis. Conclusion: The combination of HER3-DXd plus ATR inhibitors has therapeutic potential for overcoming tamoxifen resistance in HER3+/ER+ BC. We are currently validating the synergy in endocrine-resistant ER+ BC xenograft models. Citation Format: Xuemei Xie, Jangsoon Lee, Jon A. Fuson, Huey Liu, Young Jin Gi, Pang-Dian Fan, Kumiko Koyama, Debu Tripathy, Naoto T. Ueno. Targeting ATR enhances the antitumor efficacy of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in tamoxifen-resistant ER+ breast cancer cells by reprogramming cell cycle progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB088.

Background:Gout is a chronic autoinflammatory disease caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition [1].Acute gout is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction that resolves spontaneously within a few days[2], which is one of the distinguishing features of gout compared to other arthropathies or self-inflammatory diseases. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cellular growth, survival, differentiation, development and homeostasis [3]. Studies have demonstrated that autophagy might play a key role in the pathogenesis of primary gouty arthritis (GA) [4-7]. However, the roles of autophagy in the development of gout have not yet been elucidated.Objectives:The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in autophagy-related gene (ATG) mRNA and protein in patients and the clinical importance of these genes in primary gouty arthritis (GA) and to explore the roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of GA.Methods:The mRNA and protein expression levels of ATGs (ATG3, ATG7, ATG10, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, ATG4B and LC3-2) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 196 subjects, including 57 acute gout patients (AG group), 57 intercritical gout patients (IG group) and 82 healthy control subjects (HC group). The relationship between ATG expression levels and laboratory features was analyzed in GA patients.Results:The expression levels of ATG4B, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, ATG10 and LC3-2 mRNA were much lower in the AG group than in the IG and HC groups (p<0.05), while the ATG7 mRNA level was much higher in the AG group than in the IG and HC groups (p<0.05). The protein expression levels of LC3-2, ATG3, ATG7 and ATG10 were much higher in the AG group than in the other groups, while those of ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1 and ATG4B were far lower in the AG group than in the other groups (p<0.05). In GA patients, the levels of ATG mRNA and protein correlated with laboratory inflammatory and metabolic indexes.Conclusion:Altered ATG expression suggests that autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of GA and participates in regulating inflammation and metabolism.References:[1]Dalbeth N, Choi HK, Joosten LAB, Khanna PP, Matsuo H, Perez-Ruiz F, et al. Gout. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5: 69.doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0115-y.[2]Schauer C, Janko C, Munoz LE, Zhao Y, Kienhöfer D, Frey B, et al. Aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps limit inflammation by degrading cytokines and chemokines. Nat Med. 2014;20: 511-517.doi:10.1038/nm.3547.[3]Han Y, Zhang L, Xing Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Tang P, et al. Autophagy relieves the function inhibition and apoptosis-promoting effects on osteoblast induced by glucocorticoid. Int J Mol Med. 2018;41: 800-808. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3270.[4]Yang QB, He YL, Zhong XW, Xie WG, Zhou JG. Resveratrol ameliorates gouty inflammation via upregulation of sirtuin 1 to promote autophagy in gout patients. Inflammopharmacology. 2019;27: 47-56.doi:10.1007/s10787-018-00555-4.[5]Mitroulis I, Kambas K, Chrysanthopoulou A, Skendros P, Apostolidou E, Kourtzelis I, et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is associated with IL-1β and autophagy-related signaling in gout. PLoS One. 2011;6: e29318.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029318.[6]Crişan TO, Cleophas MCP, Novakovic B, Erler K, van de Veerdonk FL, Stunnenberg HG, et al. Uric acid priming in human monocytes is driven by the AKT-PRAS40 autophagy pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114: 5485-5490.doi:10.1073/pnas.1620910114.[7]Lee SS, Lee SW, Oh DH, Kim HS, Chae SC, Kim SK. Genetic analysis for rs2241880(T > C) in ATG16L1 polymorphism for the susceptibility of Gout. J Clin Rheumatol. 2019;25: e113-e115.doi:10.1097/rhu.0000000000000685.Disclosure of Interests:Yu-Qin Huang: None declared, Quan-Bo Zhang Grant/research support from: National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program) (no.81974250) and Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province (no.2018JY0257), Jian-Xiong Zheng: None declared, gui-lin jian: None declared, tao-hong liu: None declared, Xin He: None declared, fan-ni xiao: None declared, qin xiong: None declared, Yu-Feng Qing Grant/research support from: Science and Technology Project of Nanchong City (no.18SXHZ0522)

Ever-increasing demands for energy, particularly being environmentally friendly have promoted the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), arguably the most well-studied energy storage system, have dominated the energy market since their advent in the 1990s.2 However, challenging issues regarding safety, supply of lithium, and high price of lithium resources limit the further advancement of LIBs for large-scale energy storage applications.3 Therefore, attention is being concentrated on an alternative electrochemical energy storage device that features high safety, low cost, and long cycle life. Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is considered one of the most promising alternative energy storage systems due to the high theoretical energy and power densities where the multiple electrons (Zn2+) . In addition, aqueous ZIBs are safer due to non-flammable electrolyte (e.g., typically aqueous solution) and can be manufactured since they can be assembled in ambient air conditions. 4 As an essential component in aqueous Zn-based batteries, the Zn metal anode generally suffers from the growth of dendrites, which would affect battery performance in several ways. Second, the led by the loose structure of Zn dendrite may reduce the coulombic efficiency and shorten the battery lifespan.5 Several approaches were suggested to improve the electrochemical stability of ZIBs, such as implementing an interfacial buffer layer that separates the active Zn from the bulk electrolyte.6 However, the and thick thickness of the conventional Zn metal foils remain a critical challenge in this field, which may diminish the energy density of the battery drastically. According to a theretical calculation, the thickness of a Zn metal anode with an areal capacity of 1 mAh cm-2 is about 1.7 μm. However, existing extrusion-based fabrication technologies are not capable of downscaling the thickness Zn metal foils below 20 μm. Herein, we demonstrate a thickness controllable coating approach to fabricate an ultrathin Zn metal anode as well as a thin dielectric oxide separator. First, a 1.7 μm Zn layer was uniformly thermally evaporated onto a Cu foil. Then, Al2O3 , the separator was deposited through sputtering on the Zn layer to a thickness of 10 nm. The inert and high hardness Al2O3 layer is expected to lower the polarization and restrain the growth of Zn dendrites. Atomic force microscopy was employed to evaluate the roughness of the surface of the deposited Zn and Al2O3/Zn anode structures. Long-term cycling stability was gauged under the symmetrical cells at 0.5 mA cm-2 for 1 mAh cm-2. Then the fabricated Zn anode was paired with MnO2 as a full cell for further electrochemical performance testing. To investigate the evolution of the interface between the Zn anode and the electrolyte, a home-developed in-situ optical observation battery cage was employed to record and compare the process of Zn deposition on the anodes of the Al2O3/Zn (demonstrated in this study) and the procured thick Zn anode. The surface morphology of the two Zn anodes after circulation was characterized and compared through scanning electron microscopy. The tunable ultrathin Zn metal anode with enhanced anode stability provides a pathway for future high-energy-density Zn-ion batteries. Obama, B., The irreversible momentum of clean energy. Science 2017, 355 (6321), 126-129. Goodenough, J. B.; Park, K. S., The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2013, 135 (4), 1167-76. Li, C.; Xie, X.; Liang, S.; Zhou, J., Issues and Future Perspective on Zinc Metal Anode for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries. Energy & Environmental Materials 2020, 3 (2), 146-159. Jia, H.; Wang, Z.; Tawiah, B.; Wang, Y.; Chan, C.-Y.; Fei, B.; Pan, F., Recent advances in zinc anodes for high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Nano Energy 2020, 70. Yang, J.; Yin, B.; Sun, Y.; Pan, H.; Sun, W.; Jia, B.; Zhang, S.; Ma, T., Zinc Anode for Mild Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives. Nanomicro Lett 2022, 14 (1), 42. Yang, Q.; Li, Q.; Liu, Z.; Wang, D.; Guo, Y.; Li, X.; Tang, Y.; Li, H.; Dong, B.; Zhi, C., Dendrites in Zn-Based Batteries. Adv Mater 2020, 32 (48), e2001854. Acknowledgment This work was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Award No. ECCS-1931088. S.L. and H.W.S. acknowledge the support from the Improvement of Measurement Standards and Technology for Mechanical Metrology (Grant No. 22011044) by KRISS. Figure 1

Objective: To assess the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG); and meantime, to explore the possible mechanism of POAG induced by Hp. Methods: 30 consecutive POAG patients, 30 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and cataract patients were recruited and divided into three groups according to different diseases. The sera and aqueous humor samples were collected and used to detect Hp-specific IgG antibody (Hp-Ab) with dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA). 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) was carried out to detect Hp infection of all participants. Results: The Hp-Ab positive rate respectively was 76.7% (23/30) and 66.7% in sera samples and aqueous humor samples for POAG group, which was significantly higher than the corresponding data of the other two groups (all P<0.05). In 14C-UBT, the Hp-Ab positive rate was 63.3% in POAG group and it was close to that of serological result detected by DIGFA (P>0.05). There were little numbers of positive ANA and ENA in the three groups and no meaning to make statistically analysis. Conclusions: There is positive association between Hp infection and POAG, and the autoimmune is suggested as one of the key mechanisms in our opinions. Introduction Glaucoma is one of the commonest causes for blindness in the world. Generally, glaucoma is divided into primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).1 As a leading causes for blindness, the study of POAG causes more and more attention.2,3To our understand, POAG is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by atrophy and increased cupping of optic disk. To date, many aspects of its pathogenesis remain unknown but some significant risk factors are advanced age, African origin, familial history of glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure.4,5 Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative and microaerophilic bacterium which plays an important role in the development of various upper gastrointestinal diseases. With the development of studies, some researchers reported that Hp was also associated with some extragastric diseases, such as ischemic heart disease,6 iron-deficient anemia,7 diabetes mellitus,8 and so on. In 2001, Kountouras et al9 established a higher prevalence of Hp infection in the sera of patients with POAG in a Greek population, and suggested a possible causal link between Hp and glaucoma. Subsequently, this finding was evidenced by some scholars in their own studies.10 But the significance of such an association remains uncertain because of the conflicting findings reported by various studies.11-13 Aiming to such a discrepancy, further studies are necessary.14 In this study, we just do detect Hp-specific IgG antibodies (Hp-Ab) in the sera and aqueous humor of patients with different ocular diseases, including POAG, PACG and cataract, and attempt to further determine the relationship between Hp infection and POAG and to analyze the possible mechanism of POAG induced by Hp. Abbreviations ANA, antinuclear antibody; ENA, Extractable nuclear antigen; DIGFA, dot immunogold filtration assay; Hp, Helicobacter pylori; Hp-Ab, Hp-specific IgG antibodies; PACG, primary angle-closure glaucoma; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; 14C-UBT: 14C-urea breath test. Subjectsand methods Subjects 30 consecutive POAG patients were enrolled with the average age of 68±7.3 y (ranged from 47 to 78 y). The ratio of the male and the female was 11: 19. Meantime, 30 PACG patients and 30 cataract patients were also recruited, and who were matched by age and sex with the POAG patients. According to different diseases, the participants were divided into POAG, PACG and cataract groups, respectively. All of them were excluded from tumor, immunodeficiency, autoimmune and infectious diseases in clinic, and also had no antibiotics and other medicines related to immunopotentiator or immunosuppressive agents in the six months before the experiment. Written informed consents were obtained from all the participants. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Hp-Ab detection of sera samples 2 ml venous blood was collected from each of the participants. The serum was obtained after centrifugation and used to detect Hp-Ab with dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) according to the manufacturer’s instruction of the reagent kit (MP Biomedicals Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd., Singapore). Hp-Ab detection of aqueous humor samples About 50 μl aqueous humor sample was aspirated at the beginning of glaucoma surgery from the each of the patients in the three groups, respectively. Hp-Ab was assayed with DIGFA as same as the detection process of venous blood samples. Detection of Hp infection with 14C-urea breath test Referring to Tang’s report,1514C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) was carried out in POAG group with Hp detection instrument-YH04 (Yanghe Medical Equipment Co. Ltd., China). Sera auto-antibodies detection Serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) was detected with the indirect immunofluorescence assay by a commercialized ANA kit. Extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) was assayed with line immunoassay. All reagents were bought from Jiangsu HOB Biotech Group, China. Statistic analysis Using T-test and Chi-square test, all analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0 software. P value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results 3.1 Hp infection detection in sera and aqueous humor Of the sera samples, there were 23 cases exhibited Hp-Ab-positive in POAG group, and the positive rate was 76.7% which was significantly higher than those of PACG and cataract group (43.3% and 36.6% respectively). In the aqueous humor samples, there were 18 patients with positive Hp-Ab in POAG group, and the positive rate was 66.7%. Compared to each data of the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant (Table 1). In POAG group, the mean positive rate of sera samples was similar to that of aqueous humor and no difference existed between them (P = 0.287). Table 1. The serum and aqueous humor qualitative test results of the patients with glaucoma Hp infection detection with 14C-UBTAH: aqueous humor; a: POAG group vs cataract group; b: POAG group vs PACG group; c: PACG group vs cataract group. In 14C-UBT, there were 19 patients with Hp-Ab-positive, and the positive rate was 63.3%. Compared to the data detected with DIGFA, the difference was not significant (Table 2). Table 2. Comparison of DIGFA and 14C-UBT for diagnosis of Hp infection in POAG group ANA and ENA detection* represents comparison of the positive rate detected with the two methods. There were 4, 2 and 1 patients with ANA-positive in POAG, PACG and cataract group, respectively. The positive ENA in POAG group were SSA, SSB and Ro-52, and the corresponding numbers were 2, 2 and 1. Only Ro-52 showedpositive in PACG group while there was no positive ENA in cataract group (Table 3). Table 3. The results for sera ANA, ENA of the patients of each group Discussion In Greece, a very active research group led by J. Kountouras published several original contributions as well as the reviews concerning the connection between Hp infection and POAG.14,16 In other counties, there were also several papers containing the similar arguments issued, such as India,17 Turkey,18 Korea19 and so on. In China, Hong et al20 detected Hp infection and POAG through 13C-UBT, and also found the positive correlation between them. Since then, there was no relative article issued by Chinese could be found in PubMed and other well-known scientific database. In this study, referring to other researchers’ reports, we designed and carried out the experiments. In the results, we found that the positive rate of sera Hp-Ab was high to 76.7% in POAG patients, which was significantly higher than those of the other two groups. This finding was close to the data of the previous reports2,21 and further verified that there was a positive relation between Hp infection and POAG. In the present study, we also assayed Hp infection with 14C-UBT. Encouragingly, the positive rate of Hp infection was 63.3%, which was very close to 76.7% detected with DIGFA. This result further indicated the existence of the relation between Hp infection and POAG. However, Bagnis et al22 thought that the studies based on Hp serological assessment might be misleading, since serum antibodies were not the sensitive markers of active Hp infection; while 13C-UBT could clarify the actual prevalence of POAG among patients infected by Hp. In fact, there were still deficiencies for 13C- or 14C -UBT, because it was more suitable for the detection of gastrointestinal Hp infection, and to an extent, there were false-negatives in the test.23 This probably was the just reason for what the positive rate in DIGFA was little higher than that in 14C-UBT in this study. As to the cresyl fast violet staining on the histology preparations of tissue samples of trabeculum and iris introduced by Zavos et al,24 although it could provide the direct and strong evidence for Hp infection in the pathophysiology of POAG, the difficult harvest of the sample limited its application. Therefore, in our opinions, the serological assay is suitable to detect Hp infectionand used to assess the relationship between Hp prevalence and POAG. Except for detecting sera Hp-Ab, we also detected Hp-Ab in the aqueous humor collected from the majority of participants. As the results shown, the positive rate of the POAG group was statistically higher than each of the other groups, respectively. This result was consistent with that of the serological assessment and again showed the positive relation between Hp infection and POAG. However, in another similar study, Deshpande et al17 also found a statistically significant difference between the POAG patients and the controls in the concentration of serum Hp-Ab, but they did not find any significant correlations between the Hp concentrations of the aqueous humor of the different patient groups. This disagreement probably associated with the damage degree of blood-brain barrier (BBB), because the sera Hp-Ab could reach the trabeculum and iris under the condition of the BBB disruption.25 According to the results of the present study, we supported the hypothesis related to POAG onset that Hp-Ab in circulation might get through the blood-aqueous humor barrier, further condensed in aqueous humor and finally induced or aggravated glaucomatous damage.2 As to the occurrence of POAG, we thought another autoimmune mechanism was most probable and should not be ignored: Hp infection initiated autoimmune response because of the common genetic components shared in Hp and human nerve tissue; and then, cell destruction which mediated by apoptosis direct caused glaucoma.26 Just based on the theory, we designed and detected sera ANA and ENA of the POAG patients and the control participants, and hoped to find any evidences related to autoimmune. As a result, we found that the positive rate of every group was rather low and there was no difference between them. However, this seronegative result can’t deny the hypothesis of autoimmune mechanism in POAG; and the auto-antibodies specific to eyes, such as trabeculum and iris, were suggested to be detected in future study in our opinions. Conclusion The positive association between Hp infection and POAG not only using serum sample but also aqueous humor sample is found in this study. And further, through the experimental data, it is suggested that the autoimmune induced by Hp infection probably is the key mechanism for POAG onset, and Hp detection should be taken as a routinized index applied to the prevention and therapy of POAG in clinic. However, we can not sufficiently investigate the possible mechanism of POAG relates to Hp infection. Is it true that Hp infection only relative to POAG but not a causative factor for POAG?18 What are the initial mechanisms of Hp in POAG if the pathogen takes part in the onset of the disease? Such questions will be the study topics to the medical researchers worldwide in future. Funding This work is supported by the Research Fund for Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University(JYHL2018FMS08), and the Project of scientific research support fund for teachers of Jining Medical University (JYFC2018FKJ023). Conflicts of interest There is no any conflict of interest between all of the authors. References: Chan H. H.; Ng Y.F.; Chu P. H. Clin Exp Optom. 2011, 94, 247. Kountouras J.; Mylopoulos N.; Konstas A. G.; Zavos C.; Chatzopoulos D.; Boukla A. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo. 2003, l241, 884. Kim E. C.; Park S. H.; Kim M. S. A. J. Pharmacol. Ther. 2010, 26, 563. Cantor L.; Fechtner R. D.; Michael A. J. 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В работе предложена модель формирования морфологии тетраподов ZnO,основанная на описании процесса полиморфного перехода от октаэдрических кластеровс кристаллической структурой сфалерита B3 к четырем стрежневым кристаллам со струк-турой вюрцита B4 как разрыва топологического пространства роста на наномасштабе. Примоделировании предкристаллизационного этапа формирования тетраподов в условияхдинамического хаоса частиц методом системы итерированных функций используютсяпараметры отображений, задающих ориентацию топологических пространств роста крис-таллических элементов иерархической структуры тетрапода ЛИТЕРАТУРА1. Tsuneta T., Tanda S. Formation and growth of NbSe3 topological crystals // Journal of Crystal Growth,2004, v. 264(1−3), pp. 223-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.12.0202. Liu Y., Chen Z., Kang Z., Bello I., Fan X., Ismathullakhan Shafi q, Zhang W., Lee S.-T. 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Graphene-based composites have received a great deal of attention in recent year because the presence of graphene can enhance the conductivity, strength of bulk materials and help create composites with superior qualities. Moreover, the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 can improve the catalytic efficiency of composite material. In this work, we have synthesized a composite material with the combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and Fe3O4 modified tissue-paper (mGO-PP) via a simple hydrothermal method, which improved the removal efficiency of the of methylene blue (MB) in water. MB blue is used as the model of contaminant to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of synthesized material by using a Fenton-like reaction. The obtained materials were characterized by SEM, XRD. The removal of materials with methylene blue is investigated by UV-VIS spectroscopy, and the result shows that mGO-PP composite is the potential composite for the color removed which has the removal efficiency reaching 65% in acetate buffer pH = 3 with the optimal time is 7 h. Keywords Graphene-based composite, methylene blue, Fenton-like reaction. References [1] Ma Joshi, Rue Bansal, Reng Purwar, Colour removal from textile effluents, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 29 (2004) 239-259 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/24631.[2] Kannan Nagar, Sundaram Mariappan, Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons-a comparative study, Dyes and pigments, 51 (2001) 25-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(01)00056-0.[3] K Rastogi, J. N Sahu, B. C Meikap, M. N Biswas, Removal of methylene blue from wastewater using fly ash as an adsorbent by hydrocyclone, Journal of hazardous materials, 158 (2008) 531-540.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01. 105.[4] Qin Qingdong, Ma Jun, Liu Ke, Adsorption of anionic dyes on ammonium-functionalized MCM-41, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162 (2009) 133-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2008.05.016.[5] Mui Muruganandham, Rps Suri, Sh Jafari, Mao Sillanpää, Lee Gang-Juan, Jaj Wu, Muo Swaminathan, Recent developments in homogeneous advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment, International Journal of Photoenergy, 2014 (2014). http://dx. doi.org/10.1155/2014/821674.[6] Herney Ramirez, Vicente Miguel , Madeira Luis Heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation with pillared clay-based catalysts for wastewater treatment: a review, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 98 (2010) 10-26 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.05.004.[7] Guo Rong, Jiao Tifeng, Li Ruifei, Chen Yan, Guo Wanchun, Zhang Lexin, Zhou Jingxin, Zhang Qingrui, Peng Qiuming, Sandwiched Fe3O4/carboxylate graphene oxide nanostructures constructed by layer-by-layer assembly for highly efficient and magnetically recyclable dye removal, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6 (2017) 1279-1288 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03635.[8] Sun Chao, Yang Sheng-Tao, Gao Zhenjie, Yang Shengnan, Yilihamu Ailimire, Ma Qiang, Zhao Ru-Song, Xue Fumin, Fe3O4/TiO2/reduced graphene oxide composites as highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst for the decoloration of methylene blue, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 223 (2019) 751-757 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.11.056.[9] Guo Hui, Ma Xinfeng, Wang Chubei, Zhou Jianwei, Huang Jianxin, Wang Zijin, Sulfhydryl-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide and Adsorption of Methylene Blue, Environmental Engineering Science, 36 (2019) 81-89 https://doi. org/10.1089/ees.2018.0157.[10] Zhao Lianqin, Yang Sheng-Tao, Feng Shicheng, Ma Qiang, Peng Xiaoling, Wu Deyi, Preparation and application of carboxylated graphene oxide sponge in dye removal, International journal of environmental research and public health, 14 (2017) 1301 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111301.[11] Yu Dandan, Wang Hua, Yang Jie, Niu Zhiqiang, Lu Huiting, Yang Yun, Cheng Liwei, Guo Lin, Dye wastewater cleanup by graphene composite paper for tailorable supercapacitors, ACS applied materials & interfaces, 9 (2017) 21298-21306 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05318.[12] Wang Hou, Yuan Xingzhong, Wu Yan, Huang Huajun, Peng Xin, Zeng Guangming, Zhong Hua, Liang Jie, Ren MiaoMiao, Graphene-based materials: fabrication, characterization and application for the decontamination of wastewater and wastegas and hydrogen storage/generation, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 195 (2013) 19-40 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cis.2013.03.009.[13] Marcano Daniela C, Kosynkin Dmitry V, Berlin Jacob M, Sinitskii Alexander, Sun Zhengzong, Slesarev Alexander, Alemany Lawrence B, Lu Wei, Tour James M, Improved synthesis of graphene oxide, ACS nano, 4 (2010) 4806-4814 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn1006368.[14] Zhang Jiali, Yang Haijun, Shen Guangxia, Cheng Ping, Zhang Jingyan, Guo Shouwu, Reduction of graphene oxide via L-ascorbic acid, Chemical Communications, 46 (2010) 1112-1114 http://doi. org/10.1039/B917705A [15] Gong Ming, Zhou Wu, Tsai Mon-Che, Zhou Jigang, Guan Mingyun, Lin Meng-Chang, Zhang Bo, Hu Yongfeng, Wang Di-Yan, Yang Jiang, Nanoscale nickel oxide/nickel heterostructures for active hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis, Nature communications, 5 (2014) 4695 https:// doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5695.[16] Wu Zhong-Shuai, Yang Shubin, Sun Yi, Parvez Khaled, Feng Xinliang, Müllen Klaus, 3D nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel-supported Fe3O4 nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134 (2012) 9082-9085 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3030565.[17] Nguyen Son Truong, Nguyen Hoa Tien, Rinaldi Ali, Nguyen Nam Van, Fan Zeng, Duong Hai Minh, Morphology control and thermal stability of binderless-graphene aerogels from graphite for energy storage applications, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 414 (2012) 352-358 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.048.[18] Deng Yang, Englehardt James D, Treatment of landfill leachate by the Fenton process, Water research, 40 (2006) 3683-3694 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.watres.2006.08.009.

This study identifies A10398G alteration of mitochondrial ND3 gene in plasma exosome of 29 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 31 controls and 13 pairs of tumor tissue and adjacent tissue of NSCLC patients, thereby assessing the relationship between this alteration in plasma exosome and tissue as well as the pathological characteristics of NSCLC patients. Using the PCR-RFLP method, the homoplasmy and heteroplasmy of A10398G were initially identified in mitochondrial DNA from both exosomes and lung tissues. The rate of variant 10398G in plasma exosome was 62.1% in the NSCLC group and 61.3% in the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in A10398G between the patient and control groups. The alteration of A10398G in plasma exosome and in tissue correlated with each other (correlation coefficient 0.69; p = 0.009). However, this alteration was not related to age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinks status, tumor size, histological stage and TNM stage. Keywords A10398G alteration, mitochondrial DNA, plasma exosome, non-small cell lung cancer. References [1] Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, H. Liu, W.H. Tang, Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential, Cell Biosci, 9 (2019) 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-019-0282-2.[2] H. Valadi, K. Ekström, A. Bossios, M. Sjöstrand, J.J. Lee, J.O. Lötvall, Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells, Nat Cell Biol, 9(6) (2007) 654–659. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1596.[3] A. Sharma & A. Johnson, Exosome DNA: Critical regulator of tumor immunity and a diagnostic biomarker, J Cell Physiol, 235(3) (2020) 1921–1932. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29153.[4] Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Today. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-pie. (accessed 05 November 2020).[5] A.A.M. Yusoff, F.N. Zulfakhar, S.Z.N.M. Khair, W.S.W. Abdullah, J.M. Abdullah, Z. Idris, Mitochondrial 10398A>G NADH-Dehydrogenase subunit 3 of complex I is frequently altered in intra-axial brain tumors in Malaysia, Brain Tumor Res Treat 6(1) (2018) 31–38. https://doi.org/10.14791/btrt.2018.6.e5.[6] P.T. Bich, N.N. Tu, N.T. Khuyen, Đ.M. Ha, T.V. To, T.H. Thai, The A10398G Alteration of Mitochondrial ND3 gene in Colorectal Cancer Patients, VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 34(2) (2018) 68. https://doi.org/10.25073/25881132/vnumps.4125. (in Vietnamese).[7] N.T.T. Linh, N.B. Hieu, Đ.M. Ha, T.V. To, T.H. Thai, Mitochondrial DNA A10398G Alteration in Breast Cancer Patients in Vietnam, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 31(2) (2015) 36. (in Vietnamese).[8] R.K. Bai, S.M. Leal, D. Covarrubias, A. Liu and L.J.C. Wong, Mitochondrial genetic background modifies breast cancer risk, Cancer Res 67(10) (2017) 4687-4694. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3554.[9] J.A. Canter, A.R. Kallianpur, F.F. Parl, R.C. Millikan, Mitochondrial DNA G10398A polymorphism and invasive breast cancer in African-American women, Cancer Res 65(17) (2005) 8028-8033. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1428.[10] K. Darvishi, S. Sharma, A.K. Bhat, E. Rai, R.N.K. Bamezai, Mitochondrial DNA G10398A polymorphism imparts maternal Haplogroup N a risk for breast and esophageal cancer, Cancer Letts 249(2) (2017) 249-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2006.09.005.[11] S.H.H. Juo, M.Y. Lu, R.K. Bai, Y.C. Liao, R.B. Trieu, M.L. Yu, L.J.C Wong, A common mitochondrial polymorphism 10398A>G is associated metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population, Mitochondrion 10(3) (2010) 294-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2010.01.001.[12] H. Xu, W. He, H.G. Jiang, H. Zhao, X.H. Peng, Y.H. Wei, J.N. Wei, C.H. Xie, C. Liang, Y.H. Zhong, G. Zhang, D. Deng, Y.F. Zhou, F.X. Zhou, Prognostic value of mitochondrial DNA content and G10398A polymorphism in non-small cell lung cancer, Oncol Rep 30(6) (2013) 3006-3012. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2783.[13] Y. Qi, Y. Wei, Q. Wang, H. Xu, Y. Wang, A. Yao, H. Yang, Y. Gao, F. Zhou, Heteroplasmy of mutant mitochondrial DNA A10398G and analysis of its prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer, Oncol Lett 12(5) (2016) 3081-3088. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5086.[14] A.M. Czarnecka, T. Krawczyk, M. Zdrozny, J. Lubiński, R.S. Arnold, W. Kukwa, A. Scińska, P. Golik, E. Bartnik, J.A. Petros, Mitochondrial NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) polymorphism (A10398G) and sporadic breast cancer in Poland, Breast Cancer Res Treat 121(2) (2010) 511-518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-009-0358-5.[15] M. Guescini, S. Genedani, V. Stocchi & L. F.Agnati, Astrocytes and Glioblastoma cells release exosomes carrying mtDNA, J Neural Transm (Vienna), 117(1) (2010) 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-009-0288-8.[16] P. 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Introdução: O maior foco das pesquisas odontológicas nos últimos 60 anos tem sido a adesão e suas técnicas. Mais de 7000 artigos já foram publicados a este respeito. O desenvolvimento dos materiais odontológicos adesivos e as técnicas a eles relacionadas possuem uma história interessante, onde descobertas do passado ainda são usadas de alguma forma no presente. Objetivo: expor, através de uma revisão de literatura, um breve histórico sobre materiais e técnicas restauradoras, bem como o estágio atual da odontologia adesiva, com ênfase na tradução de evidências baseadas em pesquisas laboratoriais para a prática clínica. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados livros de preferência do autor para a introdução de conceitos clássicos e artigos de revisão publicados nos últimos 10 anos, utilizando as cinco palavras-chave: “Dental Bonding” AND “Dental Cements” AND “Resin Cements” AND “Adhesives” AND “Ceramics”, sorteados pela melhor combinação na plataforma Pub/Med/MEDLINE. Resultados: Duzentos e um artigos, foram encontrados, sendo utilizados para análise qualitativa e quantitativa aqueles pertinentes ao direcionamento do autor, de acordo com o tema. Conclusão: Considerando as limitações do estudo, concluiu-se que a odontologia adesiva é uma área que segue em constante desenvolvimento, fundamental para a realização de restaurações minimamente invasivas e estéticas. Onde para que seja possível consequentemente longevidade clínica, os materiais utilizados e substrato dentário requerem conhecimento do profissional e fidelidade na execução de um correto pré-tratamento das superfícies, respeitando suas naturezas e composições.Descritores: Colagem Dentária; Cimentos Dentários; Cimentos de Resina; Adesivos; Cerâmica.ReferênciasVan Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, Inoue S, Vargas M, Vijay P, et al. Buonocore memorial lecture. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges. Oper Dent. 2003;28:215-35.Miyashita E, Fonseca AS. 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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus , is causing a serious worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of strains with rapid spread and unpredictable changes is the cause of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. A number of drugs as well as vaccines are currently being used to relieve symptoms, prevent and treat the disease caused by this virus. However, the number of approved drugs is still very limited due to their effectiveness and side effects. In such a situation, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds are considered a highly valuable source in the development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that have been shown to act on molecular targets involved in the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, antivirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 References [1] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. 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