Academic literature on the topic 'Fences in art'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fences in art"
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Hotta, Shintaro, and Souichi Harikai. "STATE-OF-THE-ART IN JAPAN ON CONTROLLING WIND-BLOWN SAND ON BEACHES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.110.
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In order to prepare general guidelines for controlling the wind-blown sand in the region from the shoreline to the landward end of the dry beach, a literature review was carried out. The review showed that controlling wind-blown sand on a beach surface can be done by using a suitable combination and arrangement of sand fences and trenches.
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McGregor, Hugh, John Read, Christopher N. Johnson, Sarah Legge, Brydie Hill, and Katherine Moseby. "Edge effects created by fenced conservation reserves benefit an invasive mesopredator." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19181.
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Abstract ContextFenced reserves from which invasive predators are removed are increasingly used as a conservation management tool, because they provide safe havens for susceptible threatened species, and create dense populations of native wildlife that could act as a source population for recolonising the surrounding landscape. However, the latter effect might also act as a food source, and promote high densities of invasive predators on the edges of such reserves. AimsOur study aimed to determine whether activity of the feral cat is greater around the edges of a fenced conservation reserve, Arid Recovery, in northern South Australia. This reserve has abundant native rodents that move through the fence into the surrounding landscape. MethodsWe investigated (1) whether feral cats were increasingly likely to be detected on track transects closer to the fence over time as populations of native rodents increased inside the reserve, (2) whether native rodents were more likely to be found in the stomachs of cats caught close to the reserve edge, and (3) whether individual cats selectively hunted on the reserve fence compared with two other similar fences, on the basis of GPS movement data. Key resultsWe found that (1) detection rates of feral cats on the edges of a fenced reserve increased through time as populations of native rodents increased inside the reserve, (2) native rodents were far more likely to be found in the stomach of cats collected at the reserve edge than in the stomachs of cats far from the reserve edge, and (3) GPS tracking of cat movements showed a selection for the reserve fence edge, but not for similar fences away from the reserve. ConclusionsInvasive predators such as feral cats are able to focus their movements and activity to where prey availability is greatest, including the edges of fenced conservation reserves. This limits the capacity of reserves to function as source areas from which animals can recolonise the surrounding landscape, and increases predation pressure on populations of other species living on the reserve edge. ImplicationsManagers of fenced conservation reserves should be aware that increased predator control may be critical for offsetting the elevated impacts of feral cats attracted to the reserve fence.
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Lauwrens, Jenni. "Do good fences make good neighbours: Reviewing disciplinary borders in art history and visual culture studies." de arte 40, no. 72 (January 2005): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2005.11877044.
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Wafi, Abdul, Farida Novita Rahmah, and Fadlilah Novia Rahmah. "Kesenian Arsitektur Islam: Alun-alun Kabupaten Gresik Pasca Renovasi." SULUK: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/suluk.2020.2.1.37-43.
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This study aims to determine the Islamic art architecture used in the Gresik Square building after renovation in 2016. This study uses qualitative research methods based on literature studies and field studies. Literature studies in this study use a journal reference written by Fikriani, Aulia (2010) entitled “Arsitektur Islam: Seni Ruang dalam Peradaban Islam” and a thesis written by Azzahra, Nofianda Fatimah (2018) entitled Konflik Pemanfaatan Ruang Publik Kota. Furthermore, the field data sources in this study uses (1) Interviews obtained from the speaker, Mr. Kris Aji, as historian and cultural observer of Gresik, (2) Observation, and (3) Documentation of the Gresik Square building after renovation. The results of this study are the Islamic architectural art used in the Gresik Square building after renovation including (1) Transfiguration of the hallway structure on the ground floor, (2) Transfiguration or ambiguity of function in open spaces decorated with date palm trees, and (3) Ornamentation with Islamic feature and style used on the second floor of the Gresik Square building fences. Overall, it can be seen that, the Gresik Square building after renovation using Islamic art architecture is used as an affirmation of Gresik's identity as an Islamic city or santri city.
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Maisuradze, David. "Features of engineering support of the territory." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 4(518) (December 15, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2020-4-131-138.
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The article discusses the necessity of the development of military-engineering science in the context of the existence of high-tech weapons in the world. It demonstrates the role of modern remote mining systems in the protection of territories, especially in mountainous regions, in difficult terrain, under the conditions of poor infrastructure development and harsh climate. At the same time, it's mentioned the need of use of salvage fire systems in case of an invasion by excess enemy forces in order to deter the enemy, destroy its live forces and equipment. Peculiarities of the use of remote mining are discussed: the arrangement of explosive fences, the mining and disposal of maritime space, as well as the development of the art of military engineering. In the sense of preparation of the theater of war, the development of military engineering science is the country's top priority and organized system.
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Haedicke, Susan. "Aroma-Home’s edible stories: An urban community garden performs." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 33, no. 6 (May 30, 2017): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051700028x.
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AbstractAroma-Home, an artist-initiated community garden in Villetaneuse, just outside Paris, France, originated as a way to poeticize damaged urban locations by creating small communally-created pockets of unexpected natural beauty. In 2013, Sarah Harper of Friches Théâtre Urbain joined forces with local inhabitants to reclaim public spaces marred by construction and neglect. Together, they began to alter the urban landscape with whimsical plant-based interventions that sprouted up behind construction fences. This guerrilla gardening soon led to the sowing of a community garden that wove together food-growing, story-telling and place-making and fashioned its particular identity through cultural practices around growing, preparing and sharing food of the multi-ethnic participants. The horticultural-culinary conversations became inextricably connected to gardening activities: edible stories involving food memories and horticultural skills that nourished those who prepared and consumed them. This ‘From the Field’ paper looks at how the community garden/art-making processes of Aroma-Home transformed a bleak construction site into a mini-urban agricultural ‘commons’ where imagining, planting and harvesting the garden and its edible stories were all shared.
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Kalashnikova, Kseniia N. "Visual Communication in the Urban Space of Novosibirsk: Differentiation and Perception." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 458 (2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/458/12.
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This research focuses on the numerous manifestations of visual informal communication in the urban public space. Such manifestations are among the most important symptoms of modern development. The study of objects of visual communication can give knowledge that clarifies points of contact and, conversely, discrepancies in perception that can cause conflicts. The author’s aim was to identify and describe the types of objects of visual communication and the peculiarities of their perception by residents on the example of Novosibirsk, Russia. To achieve this aim, the author used several sources of information: interviews with street artists and residents with the help of visual materials, and a large archive of the photos of the objects. To distinguish the types of objects, the author used Harold Lasswell’s communication model as presented by Arthur Berger as a basis. She modified the model according to the features of informal visual communication and the criteria that differentiate objects. The criteria were: message source, author, message, medium, channel, audience, and perception. As a result, the author determined the following types of objects of visual communication: inscriptions and signs, graffiti, street art, public art, HCS (housing and communal services) art, buffs. Perception as a process is not detached from the creation of an object. It is perception that can separate ordinary inscriptions on fences from street art because, even judging by the name, the main criterion for the selection of inscriptions and signs is its means. But some inscriptions surprise, catch attention, and change the choreography of movements, and it is this effect that creates street art. Graffiti are distinguished by a specific means—the font—and by the principles of location in space. Public art is distinguished by the presence of a customer, and its means are almost similar to those of street art. HCS art is a specific category distinguished primarily by the means, the channel, and the author. Buffs are an unexpected discovery, postulating the bilateral nature of informal public communication, characterized primarily by the means. So, one of the key criteria for classifying the types of objects is the means, or the way of coding, which can influence human perception. Types of objects largely determine perception, but even if all the signs of the object can be attributed to one or another type, this does not determine perception. Aesthetics, location, meaning are the main characteristics of the object, which were decisive for respondents’ perception. Respondents’ personal characteristics certainly had an impact on perception, but this was clearly manifested only in the case of HCS art.
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Pagany, Raphaela, and Wolfgang Dorner. "Do Crash Barriers and Fences Have an Impact on Wildlife–Vehicle Collisions?—An Artificial Intelligence and GIS-Based Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020066.
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Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause significant road mortality of wildlife and have led to the installation of protective measures along streets. Until now, it has been difficult to determine the impact of roadside infrastructure that might act as a barrier for animals. The main deficits are the lack of geodata for roadside infrastructure and georeferenced accidents recorded for a larger area. We analyzed 113 km of road network of the district Freyung-Grafenau, Germany, and 1571 WVCs, examining correlations between the appearance of WVCs, the presence or absence of roadside infrastructure, particularly crash barriers and fences, and the relevance of the blocking effect for individual species. To receive infrastructure data on a larger scale, we analyzed 5596 road inspection images with a neural network for barrier recognition and a GIS for a complete spatial inventory. This data was combined with the data of WVCs in GIS to evaluate the infrastructure’s impact on accidents. The results show that crash barriers have an effect on WVCs, as collisions are lower on roads with crash barriers. In particular, smaller animals have a lower collision share. The risk reduction at fenced sections could not be proven as fenced sections are only available at 3% of the analyzed roads. Thus, especially the fence dataset must be validated by a larger sample number. However, these preliminary results indicate that the combination of artificial intelligence and GIS may be used to analyze and better allocate protective barriers or to apply it in alternative measures, such as dynamic WVC risk-warning.
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Nikiforova, Basia. "The Figure of the Migrant and a Lithuanian Attempt to Escape from Herself." Borders in Globalization Review 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr12202019366.
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For those engaged in the visual arts, the notion of the border is not just a physical reality imposed on the landscape by historical circumstances and political forces; it is also the subject of imagination, representation and visualization. For European artists, how migration, refugees and new ethnic and religious communities continue to develop is of particular importance. This essay examines the relativities between the so-called re-territorialization of borders and their materialized visual image. In doing so it seeks to reflect the balance between claims of difference and sameness, and also the dynamics that exist between dominant perceptions and self-representations of the refugees themselves. Over the last decade the notion of border has been fixed and consolidated in the artistic consciousness, especially how this phenomenon – barrier, walls or fences – can divide. With the crisis of mass migration in recent years, there has been an accompanying sense of dread, horror, a fear of death and the loss of family. The experience and ideas of the Lithuanian artist, Sigita Maslauskaitė-Mažylienė, is useful because it sheds light on the interconnections between new discourses and art practices, and may help us to better understand how Lithuanian people perceive the process of migration and its accompanying problems and issues.
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Ponkalo, Solomiia. "ARCHITECTURAL DÉCOR OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS IN LVIV FROM 1890’S (HISTORICISM)." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.79-92.
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Currently, the problem of typing architectural decor of facades of buildings in Lviv from 1890’s (late historicism) has not been studied. Therefore, the task is to explore all architectural decor elements of each architectural piece, which are of indisputable value for Lviv and in need of preservation and restoration.
A set of villas and a number of profitable and public buildings erected at the time of late historicism in Lviv were identified and taken as a basis based on comparative and bibliographic analysis. In addition, photographic evidence and visual inspection of these pieces were completed and architectural decor elements were studied. A total of 95 architectural pieces were analyzed on the basis of field surveys: 28 villas, 2 public buildings. and 13 residential buildings. As a result of the above, types of architectural decor elements, such as: constructive-decorative, art-decorative, decorative-plastic, were established. Subsequent studies have led to a smaller division into subtypes. Thus, entrance portals, windows, balconies (fences, brackets), cornices, and attics were included in the constructive-decorative elements, paintings and majolica were included in the artistic-decorative elements, and order, rustic, stucco works, round sculptures were included in the decorative-plastic category.
This publication involved analysis of constructive-decorative architectural decor elements. Constructive-decorative architectural decor elements were analyzed in view of their composition and style peculiarities. In particular, composition features of architectural decor elements were analyzed for form and tectonic location, while types and motifs applied to style specifics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fences in art"
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Robins, Kathy. "Through the garden fence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20653.
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This project attempts to tie together different threads of my experience. It begins with the memory of looking through the garden fence and hedge of my childhood and considers the simultaneously separate and enmeshed lives of my immediate family and those outside of it. In this project I have engaged with the garden as a point of connection, a means by which to consider the possibility of more Edenic, sustainable futures rooted in concepts of care. An investigation into care, through my making, has been central to my research. Under the harsh structures of apartheid, the natural world carried on in spite of the social and environmental restrictions implemented by the apartheid government. I am interested primarily in human experiences of care, belonging and relationship against the backdrop of migrancy, the displacement of discarded people to infertile land, and the loss of indigenous cultures and natural areas. My intention in this work is for the viewer to be reminded of the unending cycles of nature - seasons, joy, nurturance and recurrence - in their silent yet peripatetic way. In this turning towards nature there is a recognition of the spiritual essence of the world as separate and distinct from humankind's inhumanity to each other. In a contemporary context, the prevalence of people from across Africa displaced into South Africa demands a closer consideration of human connections to the land, as does the recent crisis of Syrian migrants in Europe and the ensuing ethnic xenophobia. At present there are 60 million people displaced due to war, religious tension, politics and race. However, there is hope in the care provided by non-governmental organisations, the United Nations, governments and grassroots initiatives; people who want to help those with a bag and a child on their back.
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Kintsurashvili, Nino. "Fenced by the red thread." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6783.
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As a first-generation Georgian to be born the year after Soviet Union collapsed, I carry the weight of the uncertainty and the shared memory of the years before my birth that is engraved in the minds of the people around me. Through the years of chaos that had to come later, I always thought that me and my country grew up and matured together, as the peers of same age. Transition from a strictly Atheistic society into predominantly fundamental Orthodox Christian nation has been the process that I witnessed while growing up. Being raised by an Orthodox iconographer father, working on frescoes and icons have left the permanent mark on my identity as an artist.
My work, through the range of media, deals with this clash of radical ideologies, while drawing from Orthodox iconography and compositions, I transport the images into a neutral, sterile state where they are re-examined and re-evaluated. Even though my work deals with social issues in Georgia, I see most of it as an autobiographical narrative that addresses the local space that I come from.
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Jones, Benjamin S. "The Other Side of the Fence." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/843.
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I pull from what I see in my urban surroundings. There is always a sense of dread fused with optimism that prevails. Is it beautiful? Fragments of low-riders and tricked-out cars become symbols of desire and the glowing red lens of a stop light becomes a Cyclops poised to defend his garden. Candy-coated, blooming, dripping and seductively slick confronts you with the obvious warning: STOP! You could be next
The grass really is greener on The Other Side of the Fence. At least until winter comes.
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Medrano, Estevan. "On the Fence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799492/.
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Living the vast majority of my life in an area that celebrates diversity but thrives because of illegal cross-border activities (undocumented workers, drug imports) at times the distance between the United States and Mexico is in fact as thin as the width of a fence. Though it is typical for a filmmaker to hope to present a unique take on a subject, given how I have seen the topics of immigration and the perspective of the purpose of homeland security portray, I am confident that there is an opportunity to show these issues in a more personal, less aggressive light with the use of first person accounts instead of a dependence on the most violent aspects of these topics. The main subject will give character to this agency by blurring the lines of his life as an agent and as a citizen.
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Browning, Joseph W. "The secure fence act the expected impact on illegal immigration and counterterrorism." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FBrowning.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 30, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-42). Also available in print.
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Dusseux, Thierry. "Etude d'antennes fentes annulaires imprimées applications, antennes mélangeuses, réseaux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376048089.
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Araujo, Rodrigo de. "Ocupar as fendas: intervenções na cidade com uma bicicleta visual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-17102014-154806/.
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Ocupar as Fendas: Intervenções na cidade com uma Bicicleta Visual é composto por uma investigação-ação na cidade de São Paulo, na qual três intervenções urbanas foram realizadas: Ruínas Transitórias, Contra-Vigilância e Metro Quadrado. Para executar as ações foi desenvolvida a Bicicleta Visual, um veículo elétrico equipado com projetor de vídeo e um computador. A Bicicleta Visual atua como um dispositivo de ativação do espaço, ao projetar imagens em movimento sobre a arquitetura. As imagens projetadas e o modo como são feitas configuram uma intervenção urbana. As intervenções urbanas instauram desvios, rupturas e novas tensões, explicitando as contradições da cidade - distensões perceptivas, dissensos, que gestam a possibilidade de reflexão sobre a partilha do sensível. Essas ações propõem ao complexo tecido do espaço público novas experiências e invenções, anunciando outras formas de convivência. Nesse tipo de trabalho, que pretende intervir na realidade, prioriza-se, enquanto metodologia, o processo, os meios, a criação de formas que permitam agir e pensar simultaneamente. Esse tipo de pesquisa, transformadora do real, é denominada investigação-ação. Ocupar as Fendas é um trabalho composto de três procedimentos fundamentais: deslocar, projetar e intervir. Ruínas Transitórias investiga a transitoriedade dos espaços vazios gerados pelo processo de gentrificação e as apropriações formais e informais dos mesmos. Contra-Vigilância interage com a esfera da vigilância e da segurança privada nos enclaves fortificados da metrópole paulistana. Metro Quadrado verifica a relação entre o valor do metro quadrado e os tipos de uso do espaço urbano. Com a finalidade de enfatizar o processo de construção da intervenção urbana - e o que nela é mais potente, subversivo e transformador -, esse trabalho cria quatro vozes textuais que dialogam com as ações, deflagrando a experiência de investigar-agir.Occupying the Gaps: Interventions in the city with a Visual Bicycle is formed by an investigation-action in the city of São Paulo, where three urban interventions were made: Transitory Ruins, Counterwatch, and Square Meter. The Visual Bicycle, an electrical vehicle equipped with a video projector and a computer, was developed to implement these actions. It serves as a space activation device by projecting moving images on the architecture. Those projected images and the way they are made convey an urban intervention. Urban interventions create digressions, ruptures, and new tensions, exposing the city\'s contradictions - perceptive distensions, dissensuses, begetting the possibility of reflection about the distribution of the sensible. Those actions offer new experiences and inventions to the complex fabric of public space, announcing different forms of socialization. In this sort of work, which aims at intervening in our reality, the methodological priority is the process, the means, the conception of ways to allow acting and thinking simultaneously. This kind of reality-transforming research is called investigation-action. Occupying the Gaps is a work comprising three basic procedures: displacing, projecting, and intervening. Transitory Ruins investigates the transience of empty spaces generated by the process of gentrification, as well as both the formal and informal appropriations of those spaces. Counterwatch interacts with the world of watchmen and private security in the fortified enclaves of the metropolis. Square Meter notes the relation between the value of a square meter and the ways urban space is used. With the goal of emphasizing the process of building an urban intervention - and its most potent, subversive, and transformative aspects -, this work creates four textual voices that converse with the actions, prompting the experience of investigating-acting.
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Wieser, Benedetti Ursula. "Clôtures de Kyoto. Une analyse des délimitations spatiales des jardins d’agrément dans la ville de Kyoto. 794-1912." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0178.
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Dans l'art des jardins japonais, les clôtures, les limites, les seuils et les transitions semblent jouer un rôle tout à fait particulier. Focalisé sur la ville de Kyoto, ce travail de recherche propose, sous la forme d’une monographie historique, une analyse systématique de l'évolution des limites des jardins d'agrément, depuis la fondation de la ville en 794, jusqu'à l'époque Meiji (1868-1912), ère de modernisation et d'industrialisation du pays. Se plaçant dans le cadre de la mésologie (l’étude des milieux telle qu’elle a été définie par Augustin Berque), cette recherche resitue ces éléments de jardin dans un contexte culturel large - historique, sociétal, environnemental, symbolique… - afin de mettre en lumière les processus complexes qui donnent forme à leurs morphologies. Les premières clôtures de Kyoto – les épais murs de pisé entourant les quartiers (chō) -, sont un héritage direct de l’urbanisme de la Chine des Tang. On assistera, au fil des siècles, à une diversification, mais aussi à une japonisation des formes, avec des dispositifs s’éloignant progressivement de cette matrice chinoise des origines. Cela se se traduit par l’introduction de nouveaux matériaux (souvent de nature organique - bambou, bois, haies vives…), par une tendance à la complexification des planimétries, mais aussi par des mises en forme de l’espace plus indirectes, procédant souvent par stratifications successives, par effets de détours, de répartition de la fonction de séparation sur une pluralité d’éléments fonctionnant de manière conjointe. Ainsi, la démultiplication des limites est souvent préférée au trait net qui signaliserait la différence entre l’ici et l’ailleurs. D’une manière générale, on est en présence d’une spatialité plutôt introvertie, indirecte et multistrates. Avec l’époque Meiji et l’introduction de la typologie de la grille en fonte (calquée sur des modèles occidentaux), cette spatialité traditionnelle se verra profondément transformée. En effet, la grille, sa transparence, ouvrent la voie à une spatialité de l’ostentation, et d’une visibilité panoptique jusque-là inconnue. Autrefois caché, l’intérieur de la parcelle devient le centre de l’attention…In Japanese gardens, fences, boundaries, thresholds and transitions seem to be of particular importance. This research, focused on the city of Kyoto, is organized in the form of a historical monograph, based on the systematical analysis of the evolution of garden limits, from the city’s foundation in 794 till the Meiji period (1868-1912) - an era during which the country undergoes profound modernization and industrialization. Placed within the theoretical framework of mesology (the study of milieux as defined by Augustin Berque), this research envisages garden limits within a broad cultural context – encompassing historical, societal, environmental, symbolic… aspects - in order to bring to light the complex processes which bring about their morphologies.The first fences of Kyoto – thick earthen walls surrounding the neighbourhoods (chō)-, were a direct heritage of the Chinese town planning model under the Tang dynasty. With time, the types of fences within the city tend to diversify, as do building materials, with a trend away from the Chinese matrix towards an increased use of organic materials (bamboo, wood, hedges etc.). One can also observe a gradual shift to the stratification of limits, with complex spatial devices containing a succession of boundaries signalling separation, rather than clearcut lines separating the within from the without. Generally speaking, the spatiality of the urban plots is rather introverted, indirect and multilayered. With the Meiji period and with the introduction of the typology of cast iron gates and fences (inspired from Western – especially Victorian - models), a new spatiality of ostentation and panoptic transparence emerges, something hitherto unseen in the rather shaded, hidden Kyoto parcels…
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Moorman, Michael. "Images of Protest: The Barrier Wall Art of Ron English and Other Artists." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22748.
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This thesis looks at illegal public art produced on state built barrier walls. The focus is on the artist Ron English, and his artworks produced on the Berlin Wall, Israeli Barrier Wall, and Mexican Border Fence. I examine English’s works in their respective contexts of Cold War divisions, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, and tensions at the border between United States and Mexico. I also situate English’s works in relation to other artworks produced on these barriers. I argue that English is doing something different from other barrier wall artists in his work in Palestine and Mexico, offering a framework for understanding the primary motivations and tactics behind barrier wall art and highlighting English’s unique contributions.
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Marcano, Diogenes. "Etude et réalisation en bande L. d'un réseau phase linéaire de fentes imprimées commandé par microprocesseur." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607684k.
Full textBooks on the topic "Fences in art"
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Hirsch, T. J. Longitudinal barriers for buses and trucks: State of the art. College Station, Tex: Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, 1985.
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Victoria. Parliament. Law Reform Committee. Review of the Fences Act 1968: Report. Melbourne: Govt. Printer, 1998.
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Ontario. Ministry of Municipal Affairs. A guide to the Line Fences Act. [Toronto]: Ontario, Ministry of Municipal Affairs, 1989.
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1935-, Christo, Jeanne-Claude 1935-2009, Clough G. Wayne, Anderson Edwin C. 1931-, Broun Elizabeth, Gurney George, and Smithsonian American Art Museum, eds. Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Remembering the Running fence. Washington, DC: Smithsonian American Art Museum, 2010.
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Feniks świata litewskiego: Fundacje i inicjatywy artystyczne Kazimierza Leona Sapiehy (1609-1656). Warszawa: Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2012.
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Cassar, Joseph Paul, 1958- author and National Museum (Malta), eds. The art and life of George Fenech 1926-2011. [Malta]: Doris Fenech, 2012.
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Michael, Green. Building for the garden: Paving, walls, fences, and other garden construction. Melbourne: Lothian Pub. Co., 1989.
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Ontario. Municipal Management Practices Branch. A guide to the Line Fences Act =: Guide d'interprétation de la Loi sur les clôtures de bornage. Toronto, Ont: Ministry of Municipal Affairs = Ministère des affaires municipales, 1989.
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Alessandro, Grossato, ed. Il mito della fenice in Oriente e in Occidente. Venezia: Marsilio, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fences in art"
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Massari, Alice. "Introduction." In IMISCOE Research Series, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71143-6_1.
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Abstract“How do we see refugees? The refugee has become a multifaceted symbol, the most prominent political figure of our time” states the brochure of an art retrospective by Khaled Hourani, a Palestinian artist reflecting on the reduction of refugees to abstract symbols of victimhood by humanitarian representations. In the eyes of the artist, the blue figure (Fig. 1.1), so common in relief organizations´ visual depictions, is the migrating human being, without a specific national, religious, ethnic, or gender identity. Yet, the visual landscape of contemporary displacement is anything but abstract. Images of overcrowded boats in the Mediterranean, refugee camps, improvised shelters along migration routes, children and families in need, and people stranded behind fences and walls have come to constitute a powerful reminder of contemporary conditions of displacement for people on the move. Yet, the question remains: how do we see refugees?
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Warner, John-Michael H. "The Running Fence Corporation, LLC and Sociality." In Socially Engaged Art History and Beyond, 235–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43609-4_18.
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Newman, Alantha, and Santosh Vempala. "Fences Are Futile: On Relaxations for the Linear Ordering Problem." In Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization, 333–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45535-3_26.
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Low, Jennifer. "The Art of Fence and the Sense of Masculine Space." In Manhood and the Duel: Masculinity in Early Modern Drama and Culture, 41–70. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05589-7_3.
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Drenthen, Martin. "Coexisting with Wolves in Cultural Landscapes: Fences as Communicative Devices." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 425–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_23.
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AbstractThis paper argues that many conflicts regarding the return of the wolf to the thoroughly humanized and densely populated cultural landscapes of Western Europe rest on the dualistic idea that culture and nature are two strictly separated realms of reality, and on the assumption that wild animals are primarily passive beings without proper agency. Once we acknowledge wolves as beings with agency with whom we share the landscape, we come to see that the challenge of coexistence with wild animals such as wolves is not primarily a matter of finding a compromise between human interests and the interests of wild animals. Rather, we have to learn and negotiate that the landscape is a space that is interpreted and inhabited by many different beings, with whom we are always already communicating, even if we are not always aware of it.
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Kun, Josh. "Playing the Fence, Listening to the Line: Sound, Sound Art, and Acoustic Politics at the US-Mexico Border." In Performance in the Borderlands, 17–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230294554_2.
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Massari, Alice. "Threatening – The Refugee as a Threat." In IMISCOE Research Series, 103–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71143-6_5.
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AbstractContemporary media and public accounts have increasingly framed the refugee ‘crisis’ in terms of security, with refugees considered as masses to be managed and controlled, migrants pointed at with generic allegation of terrorist threat, and state borders closed and militarized. Securitization of migration may not be a new phenomenon (Saunders 2014) but it is one that has recently received a great deal of attention (see among others Bigo 2002; Pugh 2004; Huysmans and Squire 2009; Huysmans 2000; Musarò 2017; Vaughan-Williams 2015; Watson 2009). What all these scholars have in common is that they highlight different ways through which refugees are represented, described, and thought of as threat. Media and public accounts have consistently represented refugees through words such as plight, invasion, flood, hordes, or waves (Friese 2017). The “highly heterogeneous and (too) strongly mediation-dependent European politics created an array of – in most cases negative – interpretations of the Refugee Crisis” (Krzyżanowski et al. 2018). In line with this narrative, at the visual level, the images that have accompanied the news on refugees have mostly included overcrowded boats, long lines of people in need, and looming masses of people crammed at border fences.
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Pannia, Paola. "Tightening Asylum and Migration Law and Narrowing the Access to European Countries: A Comparative Discussion." In IMISCOE Research Series, 49–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3_3.
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AbstractThis chapter aims to explore and analyse the tangled interplay of political discourses, policies and legislations in the field of asylum and migration that runs across the countries under scrutiny (the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland and the UK, hereinafter SIRIUS countries). Building on empirical evidence, we highlight some main trends registered across SIRIUS countries: the narrowing and slowing down of access to international protection that results from the recourse to push-back operations and the construction of fences, but also procedures provided by the EU asylum acquis, such as the accelerated procedure. This restraining tendency is even more acute in the field of economic-related migration, where in most of the SIRIUS countries legal entry channels are mostly reserved for those who are considered eligible due to their economic resources or talent, such as high-skilled workers, investors or rich entrepreneurs. These restrictive measures often rely on narratives that question the sincerity of the asylum claim, and criminalise migration and humanitarian assistance. Meanwhile, legislative landscapes on migration and asylum are increasingly populated by symbolic laws, which downgrade foreigners’ rights and weaken standards. Their explicit aim is to dissuade migrants from coming to the country, while catering for natives’ fears and responding to domestic electoral consensus-building.
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Mauri, Aurelio G., Ruggero Sainaghi, and Giampaolo Viglia. "The Use of Differential Pricing in Tourism and Hospitality." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 113–42. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5835-4.ch005.
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Due to the widespread adoption of revenue management strategies within the hospitality business, pricing has become more and more a central topic both for academics and practitioners. In particular, pricing has evolved towards value-based approaches, dynamic and customized through the use of price differentiation. “Rate fences” are the criteria that hotels adopt to separate customer segments whose service values may differ. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the academic literature as well as the business practices relating to this subject. The authors propose a logical link between rate fences and the hedonic pricing approach. Main topics are 1) rate fence classifications and 2) the effectiveness of rate fences and their impacts on perceptions of fairness. Overall, this contribution suggests that time-based rate fences are fundamental at the destination level, and they are strictly connected to seasonality. Destinations' policymakers and firms can consider strategies and tools for overcoming seasonality, including special events that may take place in a destination.
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Pattillo-McCoy, Mary. "Black Picket Fences:." In Families at Work, 203–24. Vanderbilt University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16f6j36.15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Fences in art"
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Zhong, Jingjun, Ji-Ang Han, Yanming Liu, and Fu Tian. "Numerical Simulation of Endwall Fence on the Secondary Flow in Compressor Cascade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50888.
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In this paper, based on the experimental data, a detailed numerical simulation has been carried out for the compressor cascade composed of CDA blades with fences on the endwall. There are several different configurations of the endwall fences, such as length, height, and pitch-wise location for the endwall fence. The optimum lengths, height, pitch-wise or span-wise location of the fences on the cascade end walls are obtained. The process of endwall fence’s controlling secondary flow in the compressor cascade mainly lies in two ways: hindering crosswise flow from pressure surface to suction surface near the endwall of the cascade; forming and developing of fence vortex, in which the fence blockage effect is more important. Endwall fences has a significant effect on the vortices distribution, in which the formation and development of fence vortex is important. Its formation has a close relationship with the strength of the crossflow at the region between the pressure surface and fence, which is mainly due to the relative airflow movement when the pressure side branch of the horseshoe vortex rolls up and lift along the fence. For the fence vortex and passage vortex have the different rotation direction, it plays an important role in decreasing the secondary flow loss, furthermore, reducing the strength of the passage vortex. In general, stronger crosswise flow induces stronger fence vortex. As height and length of the fence increased, the blockage effect is more obvious, but the additional fence losses increased at the same time. Numerical results show that the fences, with one third of height of the inlet boundary layer thickness and the length of 75 percent axial chord, are most effective when they are located 30 percent of pitch far from the pressure surface of the blade. For all the computational cases, they reduce the cascade loss furthest respectively.
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Rubechini, Filippo, Matteo Giovannini, Andrea Arnone, Daniele Simoni, and Francesco Bertini. "Reducing Secondary Flow Losses in Low-Pressure Turbines With Blade Fences: Part I — Design in an Engine-Like Environment." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91280.
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Abstract This paper deals with the design of passive control devices for reducing the impact of secondary flows on the aerodynamics of low-pressure turbine (LPT) stages. A novel kind of device is introduced which consists of shelf-like fences to be added to the blade surface. Such a device is intended to hinder the development of secondary flows, thus reducing losses and flow turning deviation with respect to the straight blade. The first part of this work is devoted to the design of the blade fences, whereas the second part addresses the experimental validation of the device. The blade fences are designed on a LPT stator vane, in an engine-like environment. As secondary flows generated by one blade row produce their major effects on the downstream one, and hence on the stage performance, the assessment is performed on a stator-rotor configuration. Steady calculations are considered for the design, then the optimal geometry is verified via unsteady calculations to include the effects of the actual interaction. The geometry and layout of the blade fences are effectively handled by means of a parametric approach, which enables the fast generation of several configurations. An optimization procedure, based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is exploited to drive the fences design. The analysis of the relative merit of each solution is carried out using a state-of-the-art CFD approach. Finally, a detailed comparison between the original blade and the one equipped with fences is presented, and the physical mechanisms responsible for the mitigation of secondary flow losses are discussed in detail.
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Polanco, Geanette, Mohamad Y. Mustafa, and Yizhong Xu. "Effect of Corrugation on the Performance of Porous Baffles Used as Weather Shelters on Oil and Gas Platforms." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20445.
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Porous baffles are usually used for weather protection on onshore and offshore oil installations in order to provide a sheltered area for personnel to operate. Corrugated fences are more favourable than flat fences in large installations, due to their increased stiffness; however, the performance of those fences is expected to differ from flat fences due to changes in porosity and flow structure. In this work, the experimental and numerical studies of the influence of corrugated fence on the flow characteristics are presented. The tri-dimensional effect imposed by the angle of corrugation and the depth of the fence influences the windward and leeward flow characteristics with respect to the fence. Velocity coefficient is used as one important parameter for measuring the performance of porous fences. It was found that, under similar conditions, the total obstruction produced by the corrugated fence varies significantly from that of the flat fence. Hence, velocity reduction for a corrugated fence system is expected to be smaller. A complete description of the physics of the fluid mechanics around the fence is given. Furthermore, the behaviour of the stream lines close to the fences in both cases; corrugated and non-corrugated, were studied using CFD techniques. Through observation of local pressure distribution, it was possible to reveal how velocity variations were concentrated around the inclined sections of the corrugated fence. In performing the numerical simulations, a two dimensional approach was initially implemented to capture the flow behaviour in the vicinity of the inclined sections. Subsequently, a tri-dimensional simulation on a section of the fence was undertaken and compared with experimental data. The results of the simulations were in good agreement with experimental data obtained from wind tunnel tests.
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Mizuguchi, S., K. Kusano, H. Oyama, and Y. Kawata. "Reduction Method for the Secondary Flow Loss in Turbine Cascade." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69254.
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The aerodynamic loss accounted to the secondary flow, or secondary loss, is one of the most prominent cause of the internal losses in turbine cascades. Secondary losses are mostly due to the interaction of Horse-Shoe Vortex and endwall crossflow. Authors have developed a so called endwall fence to reduce the secondary loss in gas turbine cascade by mitigating this interaction. However, the improvements resulting by the application of this method to a steam turbine cascade proved to be not so remarkable as for the gas turbine cascade. By conducting total pressure measurements at the endwall, previous results showed that the stream wise evolution of the losses presents two peaks; Horse-Shoe Vortex peak and crossflow peak. The abovementioned endwall fence is blocks the Horse-Shoe Vortex, but its screening effect on the crossflow is not sufficient. So in this research the use of two kinds of fences is proposed to reduce the secondary loss: one is to block the pressure side leg of the Horse-Shoe Vortex, the second is to block and guide the crossflow, which starts from the middle of the blade passage, toward the outlet. Therefore, they are called respectively Horse-Shoe Vortex fence and crossflow fence. The tests are carried out using the wind tunnel cascade and the test fences are made by 3D printer. The total loss is estimated by means of an automatically moving pitot tube located downstream the cascade. Many kinds of fences are tested and the optimum fence shape and position to minimize the secondary loss is obtained.
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Mastrantoni, Marilli, and Evangelos Haviaris. "DE-FENCES." In Electronic Visualisation and the Arts (EVA 2011). BCS Learning & Development, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/eva2011.17.
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Karsten, Richard. "An Assessment of the Potential of Tidal Power From Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, Using Three-Dimensional Models." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49249.
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Large tidal currents exist in Minas Passage, which connects Minas Basin to the Bay of Fundy off the northwestern coast of Nova Scotia. The strong currents through this deep, narrow channel make it a promising location for the generation of electrical power using instream turbines. These strong currents are clearly illustrated in the results of a high-resolution, three-dimensional model of the flow through Minas Passage presented here. The simulations also clearly indicate the asymmetry of the flood and ebb tides and the 3D structure of the flow. A previous study has indicated that as much as 7000 MW could be extracted from the tidal currents through Minas Passage. However, this estimate was based on a complete fence of turbines across the passage, in essence a tidal barrage. In this paper, the power potential of partial turbine fences is examined. In order to estimate the power potential of turbine arrays, the theory of partial turbine fences is adapted to the particular dynamics of Minas Passage. The theory estimates the potential power of the fence and the change in flow that would result. The results are presented in terms of the portion of the cross-sectional area that the turbines occupy and the drag coefficient of the turbines. When the turbine fence occupies a large portion of the passage, the potential power of the fence rises significantly, to a value much larger than estimates based on the kinetic energy flux. The increase in power comes from the increased tidal head that a large turbine fence creates and the resulting increase in the turbine drag. We also present the efficiency of the turbine fence — given as the ratio of the power associated with the turbine drag over the total power extracted from the flow — and the impact of the turbines on the tidal flow. The results of the theory are compared to numerical simulations of the flow through the passage with turbines represented as regions of increased drag. The numerical simulations give power values that are three to six time as high as the theory suggests is possible. This discrepancy is examined by plotting the changes in tidal currents caused by the turbine fence.
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Doerffer, Piotr P., and Jochen Amecke. "Secondary Flow Control and Streamwise Vortices Formation." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-376.
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The structure of a secondary flow in a linear turbine cascade has been investigated. In order to analyse streamwise vortices configuration and to control their formation two types of side wall boundary layer fences have been applied. Results obtained proved that the streamwise fence reduces significantly spanwise extent of secondary flows. Transverse fence has no such effect but causes very significant change of location and the losses level in a passage vortex. Presented results cast some new light on the contribution of passage vortex, horse shoe vortex and a shear plain in between, to the losses maximum where these flow elements are in direct neighbourhood.
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Liesner, Karsten, and Robert Meyer. "Combination of Active and Passive Flow Control in a High Speed Compressor Cascade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25662.
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An experimental study is presented in which passive and active flow control are combined in a way that they complement and support one other. Secondary flow control using boundary layer fences is combined with a boundary layer suction in a compressor cascade at high Mach numbers. Inflow Mach number of 0.67 and Reynolds number (based on chord length) of 560.000 assure realistic conditions. The cascade, equipped with five stator vanes of NACA65 K48 type is used in an ambient condition measurement environment. Pressure measurements form the basis of the experimental investigations, flow visualization is used to obtain insight into the topology of the flow field. The boundary layer fences installed on the suction side of the vanes create a region of low-loss two dimensional flow in the center of the passage. A region of high flow loss is generated at the side wall between wall and BL fence. This region is treated with through-wall boundary layer suction as used in previous investigations. This helps stabilize the flow near the wall and prevent large separated areas. The total pressure loss is reduced remarkably and the outflow becomes more two-dimensional compared to the reference measurement and even compared to the measurement with suction applied without BL fences. The application of boundary layer fences on flow-suction experiments allows obtaining the same loss reduction gains by using lower amounts of suction.
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Giovannini, Matteo, Filippo Rubechini, Giorgio Amato, Andrea Arnone, Daniele Simoni, Vianney Yepmo, Francesca Satta, and Francesco Bertini. "Reducing Secondary Flow Losses in Low-Pressure Turbines With Blade Fences: Part II — Experimental Validation on Linear Cascades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91284.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper deals with the design of passive control devices for reducing the impact of secondary flows on the aerodynamics of low-pressure turbine (LPT) stages. A novel kind of device is introduced which consists of shelf-like fences to be added to the blade surface. Such a device is intended to contrast the development of secondary flows, thus reducing losses and flow turning deviation with respect to the straight blade. In this second part, an experimental campaign on a linear cascade is presented which is aimed at proving the beneficial impact of the blade fences. Experiments were carried out on a low-speed test-rig, equipped with a large scale blade representative of the stators of the engine-like environment considered in part I. Measurements are mainly focused on the stator losses and on the flow field at the stator exit. The performance of the blade fences was evaluated by comparing the straight cascade and the fenced ones. The measurements highlighted the impact of the blade fences on the development of the secondary flows, affecting both the stator losses and the non-uniformity of the flow field over the exit plane, which, in the actual stage environment, impacts the operation of the downstream blade row. Moreover, the comparison between CFD and experiments proved the accuracy of the CFD setup, thus suggesting its reliability in predicting the stage performance in the engine-like configuration.
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Cole, Jason C., Mohammed Islam, Matthew Garvin, and Paul Herrington. "Modelling Details of Fenders in Float-Over Installation Experiments." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83166.
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Fenders are a key element of float-over topsides installations protecting the vessel and jacket legs by absorbing impact energy. Fender capacity is defined in accordance with expected vessel motions, vessel hull strength, and anticipated impact energy. Translating those dependencies from full-scale float-over scenarios to model-scale experiments provides added challenges when devising experimental approaches. This paper describes the design and development of model-scale fenders and their application in float-over topsides installation experiments. Current model fenders use multi-stage cantilevered leaf springs to develop the required non-linear stiffness curve which is calculated from full-scale fender data. Spring material and geometry, relative position, and loading location are key variables used to match the target fender stiffness as changes in these parameters directly affect the force-deflection characteristics of the model-scale fenders. The force-deflection characteristics (stiffness) of the model-scale fenders were checked before, during, and after wave experiments, using both isolated bench tests and in situ verifications. Multiple iterations of stiffness checks were completed during the stiffness curve matching process prior to the experimentation. The achieved load-deflection characteristics of the fender units were within 2% of the target stiffness curve. The damping characteristics of the fenders were not specifically modeled, but were measured for each of the stiffness stages. The model fenders have successfully been used in multiple float-over experimental campaigns.
Reports on the topic "Fences in art"
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Qi, Yan, Ryan Fries, Shambhu Saran Baral, and Pranesh Biswas. Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Snow Fences in Illinois: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-020.
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Serving as a windbreak, properly sited and designed snow fences have been proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of blowing snow. To achieve the best snow-control effects, the ideal locations for snow fences are usually outside the roadway right-of-way. Few efforts have been made to examine the economic efficiency of snow fences and explore ways to reward private landowners. The objective of this project was to develop methodologies for evaluation of the costs and benefits of snow fences in Illinois and identify ways to encourage private landowners’ participation in the snow fence program while keeping it cost-effective. The researchers conducted a literature review as well as agency and landowner surveys. They also acquired crash data, snow fence and blowing snow segment inventory data, and blowing snow removal expenditure data as well as performed benefit-cost analyses of three types of snow fences following Federal Highway Administration guides. The survey results suggested that standing corn rows (SCRs) and structural snow fences (SSFs) were the least intrusive options for landowners and living snow fences (LSFs) with trees were the most intrusive. Some concerns related to LSFs could be reduced by allowing landowners to play a role in the design and plant-selection process. The crash data indicated that no fatal and severe crashes occurred at snow fence segments, while several fatal and severe crashes occurred at blowing snow segments during 2012–2016. The results of the benefit-cost analyses showed that the benefit-cost ratios for LSFs and SSFs are comparable. However, LSFs are favorable over SSFs because little maintenance is needed after the plants are mature. Although SCRs have the highest benefit-cost ratio, the need to renew the agency-landowner agreement annually and the alternating of crops planted may limit their snow-control effectiveness and large-scale implementation. A tool was developed using MS Excel to facilitate the benefit-cost analysis of snow fences.
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Petrie, John, Yan Qi, Mark Cornwell, Md Al Adib Sarker, Pranesh Biswas, Sen Du, and Xianming Shi. Design of Living Barriers to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Illinois Freeways. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-019.
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Blowing snow accounts for a large part of Illinois Department of Transportation’s total winter maintenance expenditures. This project aims to develop recommendations on the design and placement of living snow fences (LSFs) to minimize snowdrift on Illinois highways. The research team examined historical IDOT data for resource expenditures, conducted a literature review and survey of northern agencies, developed and validated a numerical model, field tested selected LSFs, and used a model to assist LSF design. Field testing revealed that the proper snow fence setback distance should consider the local prevailing winter weather conditions, and snow fences within the right-of-way could still be beneficial to agencies. A series of numerical simulations of flow around porous fences were performed using Flow-3D, a computational fluid dynamics software. The results of the simulations of the validated model were employed to develop design guidelines for siting LSFs on flat terrain and for those with mild slopes (< 15° from horizontal). Guidance is provided for determining fence setback, wind characteristics, fence orientation, as well as fence height and porosity. Fences comprised of multiple rows are also addressed. For sites with embankments with steeper slopes, guidelines are provided that include a fence at the base and one or more fence on the embankment. The design procedure can use the available right-of-way at a site to determine the appropriate fence characteristics (e.g., height and porosity) to prevent snow deposition on the road. The procedure developed in this work provides an alternative that uses available setback to design the fence. This approach does not consider snow transport over an entire season and may be less effective in years with several large snowfall events, very large single events, or a sequence of small events with little snowmelt in between. However, this procedure is expected to be effective for more frequent snowfall events such as those that occurred over the field-monitoring period. Recommendations were made to facilitate the implementation of research results by IDOT. The recommendations include a proposed process flow for establishing LSFs for Illinois highways, LSF siting and design guidelines (along with a list of suitable plant species for LSFs), as well as other implementation considerations and identified research needs.
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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.
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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.