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1
Hotta, Shintaro, and Souichi Harikai. "STATE-OF-THE-ART IN JAPAN ON CONTROLLING WIND-BLOWN SAND ON BEACHES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 29, 2011): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.110.
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In order to prepare general guidelines for controlling the wind-blown sand in the region from the shoreline to the landward end of the dry beach, a literature review was carried out. The review showed that controlling wind-blown sand on a beach surface can be done by using a suitable combination and arrangement of sand fences and trenches.
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McGregor, Hugh, John Read, Christopher N. Johnson, Sarah Legge, Brydie Hill, and Katherine Moseby. "Edge effects created by fenced conservation reserves benefit an invasive mesopredator." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19181.
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Abstract ContextFenced reserves from which invasive predators are removed are increasingly used as a conservation management tool, because they provide safe havens for susceptible threatened species, and create dense populations of native wildlife that could act as a source population for recolonising the surrounding landscape. However, the latter effect might also act as a food source, and promote high densities of invasive predators on the edges of such reserves. AimsOur study aimed to determine whether activity of the feral cat is greater around the edges of a fenced conservation reserve, Arid Recovery, in northern South Australia. This reserve has abundant native rodents that move through the fence into the surrounding landscape. MethodsWe investigated (1) whether feral cats were increasingly likely to be detected on track transects closer to the fence over time as populations of native rodents increased inside the reserve, (2) whether native rodents were more likely to be found in the stomachs of cats caught close to the reserve edge, and (3) whether individual cats selectively hunted on the reserve fence compared with two other similar fences, on the basis of GPS movement data. Key resultsWe found that (1) detection rates of feral cats on the edges of a fenced reserve increased through time as populations of native rodents increased inside the reserve, (2) native rodents were far more likely to be found in the stomach of cats collected at the reserve edge than in the stomachs of cats far from the reserve edge, and (3) GPS tracking of cat movements showed a selection for the reserve fence edge, but not for similar fences away from the reserve. ConclusionsInvasive predators such as feral cats are able to focus their movements and activity to where prey availability is greatest, including the edges of fenced conservation reserves. This limits the capacity of reserves to function as source areas from which animals can recolonise the surrounding landscape, and increases predation pressure on populations of other species living on the reserve edge. ImplicationsManagers of fenced conservation reserves should be aware that increased predator control may be critical for offsetting the elevated impacts of feral cats attracted to the reserve fence.
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Lauwrens, Jenni. "Do good fences make good neighbours: Reviewing disciplinary borders in art history and visual culture studies." de arte 40, no. 72 (January 2005): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2005.11877044.
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Wafi, Abdul, Farida Novita Rahmah, and Fadlilah Novia Rahmah. "Kesenian Arsitektur Islam: Alun-alun Kabupaten Gresik Pasca Renovasi." SULUK: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/suluk.2020.2.1.37-43.
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This study aims to determine the Islamic art architecture used in the Gresik Square building after renovation in 2016. This study uses qualitative research methods based on literature studies and field studies. Literature studies in this study use a journal reference written by Fikriani, Aulia (2010) entitled “Arsitektur Islam: Seni Ruang dalam Peradaban Islam” and a thesis written by Azzahra, Nofianda Fatimah (2018) entitled Konflik Pemanfaatan Ruang Publik Kota. Furthermore, the field data sources in this study uses (1) Interviews obtained from the speaker, Mr. Kris Aji, as historian and cultural observer of Gresik, (2) Observation, and (3) Documentation of the Gresik Square building after renovation. The results of this study are the Islamic architectural art used in the Gresik Square building after renovation including (1) Transfiguration of the hallway structure on the ground floor, (2) Transfiguration or ambiguity of function in open spaces decorated with date palm trees, and (3) Ornamentation with Islamic feature and style used on the second floor of the Gresik Square building fences. Overall, it can be seen that, the Gresik Square building after renovation using Islamic art architecture is used as an affirmation of Gresik's identity as an Islamic city or santri city.
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Maisuradze, David. "Features of engineering support of the territory." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 4(518) (December 15, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2020-4-131-138.
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The article discusses the necessity of the development of military-engineering science in the context of the existence of high-tech weapons in the world. It demonstrates the role of modern remote mining systems in the protection of territories, especially in mountainous regions, in difficult terrain, under the conditions of poor infrastructure development and harsh climate. At the same time, it's mentioned the need of use of salvage fire systems in case of an invasion by excess enemy forces in order to deter the enemy, destroy its live forces and equipment. Peculiarities of the use of remote mining are discussed: the arrangement of explosive fences, the mining and disposal of maritime space, as well as the development of the art of military engineering. In the sense of preparation of the theater of war, the development of military engineering science is the country's top priority and organized system.
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Haedicke, Susan. "Aroma-Home’s edible stories: An urban community garden performs." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 33, no. 6 (May 30, 2017): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051700028x.
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AbstractAroma-Home, an artist-initiated community garden in Villetaneuse, just outside Paris, France, originated as a way to poeticize damaged urban locations by creating small communally-created pockets of unexpected natural beauty. In 2013, Sarah Harper of Friches Théâtre Urbain joined forces with local inhabitants to reclaim public spaces marred by construction and neglect. Together, they began to alter the urban landscape with whimsical plant-based interventions that sprouted up behind construction fences. This guerrilla gardening soon led to the sowing of a community garden that wove together food-growing, story-telling and place-making and fashioned its particular identity through cultural practices around growing, preparing and sharing food of the multi-ethnic participants. The horticultural-culinary conversations became inextricably connected to gardening activities: edible stories involving food memories and horticultural skills that nourished those who prepared and consumed them. This ‘From the Field’ paper looks at how the community garden/art-making processes of Aroma-Home transformed a bleak construction site into a mini-urban agricultural ‘commons’ where imagining, planting and harvesting the garden and its edible stories were all shared.
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Kalashnikova, Kseniia N. "Visual Communication in the Urban Space of Novosibirsk: Differentiation and Perception." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 458 (2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/458/12.
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This research focuses on the numerous manifestations of visual informal communication in the urban public space. Such manifestations are among the most important symptoms of modern development. The study of objects of visual communication can give knowledge that clarifies points of contact and, conversely, discrepancies in perception that can cause conflicts. The author’s aim was to identify and describe the types of objects of visual communication and the peculiarities of their perception by residents on the example of Novosibirsk, Russia. To achieve this aim, the author used several sources of information: interviews with street artists and residents with the help of visual materials, and a large archive of the photos of the objects. To distinguish the types of objects, the author used Harold Lasswell’s communication model as presented by Arthur Berger as a basis. She modified the model according to the features of informal visual communication and the criteria that differentiate objects. The criteria were: message source, author, message, medium, channel, audience, and perception. As a result, the author determined the following types of objects of visual communication: inscriptions and signs, graffiti, street art, public art, HCS (housing and communal services) art, buffs. Perception as a process is not detached from the creation of an object. It is perception that can separate ordinary inscriptions on fences from street art because, even judging by the name, the main criterion for the selection of inscriptions and signs is its means. But some inscriptions surprise, catch attention, and change the choreography of movements, and it is this effect that creates street art. Graffiti are distinguished by a specific means—the font—and by the principles of location in space. Public art is distinguished by the presence of a customer, and its means are almost similar to those of street art. HCS art is a specific category distinguished primarily by the means, the channel, and the author. Buffs are an unexpected discovery, postulating the bilateral nature of informal public communication, characterized primarily by the means. So, one of the key criteria for classifying the types of objects is the means, or the way of coding, which can influence human perception. Types of objects largely determine perception, but even if all the signs of the object can be attributed to one or another type, this does not determine perception. Aesthetics, location, meaning are the main characteristics of the object, which were decisive for respondents’ perception. Respondents’ personal characteristics certainly had an impact on perception, but this was clearly manifested only in the case of HCS art.
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Pagany, Raphaela, and Wolfgang Dorner. "Do Crash Barriers and Fences Have an Impact on Wildlife–Vehicle Collisions?—An Artificial Intelligence and GIS-Based Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020066.
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Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause significant road mortality of wildlife and have led to the installation of protective measures along streets. Until now, it has been difficult to determine the impact of roadside infrastructure that might act as a barrier for animals. The main deficits are the lack of geodata for roadside infrastructure and georeferenced accidents recorded for a larger area. We analyzed 113 km of road network of the district Freyung-Grafenau, Germany, and 1571 WVCs, examining correlations between the appearance of WVCs, the presence or absence of roadside infrastructure, particularly crash barriers and fences, and the relevance of the blocking effect for individual species. To receive infrastructure data on a larger scale, we analyzed 5596 road inspection images with a neural network for barrier recognition and a GIS for a complete spatial inventory. This data was combined with the data of WVCs in GIS to evaluate the infrastructure’s impact on accidents. The results show that crash barriers have an effect on WVCs, as collisions are lower on roads with crash barriers. In particular, smaller animals have a lower collision share. The risk reduction at fenced sections could not be proven as fenced sections are only available at 3% of the analyzed roads. Thus, especially the fence dataset must be validated by a larger sample number. However, these preliminary results indicate that the combination of artificial intelligence and GIS may be used to analyze and better allocate protective barriers or to apply it in alternative measures, such as dynamic WVC risk-warning.
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Nikiforova, Basia. "The Figure of the Migrant and a Lithuanian Attempt to Escape from Herself." Borders in Globalization Review 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr12202019366.
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For those engaged in the visual arts, the notion of the border is not just a physical reality imposed on the landscape by historical circumstances and political forces; it is also the subject of imagination, representation and visualization. For European artists, how migration, refugees and new ethnic and religious communities continue to develop is of particular importance. This essay examines the relativities between the so-called re-territorialization of borders and their materialized visual image. In doing so it seeks to reflect the balance between claims of difference and sameness, and also the dynamics that exist between dominant perceptions and self-representations of the refugees themselves. Over the last decade the notion of border has been fixed and consolidated in the artistic consciousness, especially how this phenomenon – barrier, walls or fences – can divide. With the crisis of mass migration in recent years, there has been an accompanying sense of dread, horror, a fear of death and the loss of family. The experience and ideas of the Lithuanian artist, Sigita Maslauskaitė-Mažylienė, is useful because it sheds light on the interconnections between new discourses and art practices, and may help us to better understand how Lithuanian people perceive the process of migration and its accompanying problems and issues.
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Ponkalo, Solomiia. "ARCHITECTURAL DÉCOR OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS IN LVIV FROM 1890’S (HISTORICISM)." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.79-92.
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Currently, the problem of typing architectural decor of facades of buildings in Lviv from 1890’s (late historicism) has not been studied. Therefore, the task is to explore all architectural decor elements of each architectural piece, which are of indisputable value for Lviv and in need of preservation and restoration.
A set of villas and a number of profitable and public buildings erected at the time of late historicism in Lviv were identified and taken as a basis based on comparative and bibliographic analysis. In addition, photographic evidence and visual inspection of these pieces were completed and architectural decor elements were studied. A total of 95 architectural pieces were analyzed on the basis of field surveys: 28 villas, 2 public buildings. and 13 residential buildings. As a result of the above, types of architectural decor elements, such as: constructive-decorative, art-decorative, decorative-plastic, were established. Subsequent studies have led to a smaller division into subtypes. Thus, entrance portals, windows, balconies (fences, brackets), cornices, and attics were included in the constructive-decorative elements, paintings and majolica were included in the artistic-decorative elements, and order, rustic, stucco works, round sculptures were included in the decorative-plastic category.
This publication involved analysis of constructive-decorative architectural decor elements. Constructive-decorative architectural decor elements were analyzed in view of their composition and style peculiarities. In particular, composition features of architectural decor elements were analyzed for form and tectonic location, while types and motifs applied to style specifics.
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Marković, Mladen, Sara Lukić, Aleksandar Baumgertel, and Marko Maslaković. "Living snow fences for protection of roads: case study crest Čestobrodica." Put i saobraćaj 65, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.04.03.
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Snowdrifts caused by wind gusts reduce visibility on the road which endangers traffic safety, increases travel time and road maintenance costs. Based on previous experience and research it has been proven that living snow fence is an economical, ecological and efficient solution for protection of roads from snowdrifts. Living snow fences with their above-ground part, reduce the wind speed, act as a mechanical barrier for the snow and accumulate a certain amount of snow. This study presented use and efficiency of living snow fence in controlling snowdrifts on the road section Paraćin-Zaječar, locality – crest Čestobrodica. Analysis of environmental conditions, which are resented main endangering factor for snowdrifts, included the determination of indicators of possibility of snowdrifts: snowfall water equivalent (Swe), snow transport (Q) and ability of living snow fence to prevent snowdrifts: snow storage capacity of the fance (Qc). Snow storage capacity for living snow fence is analyzed for ten year period. Using equation for estimation of length of snowdrifts on downwind side of fance, a change in length of snowdrifts during the analyzed period are determin, and the efficiency of living snow fence in protection of the road from snowdrifts with increasing age.The results of this study represent a contribution to using living snow fence in solving the problem of roads protection from snowdrifts and increasing traffic safety during winter conditions.
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Van Der Wulp, Christa, and Paul Hebinck. "Fighting fences and land grabbers in the struggle for the Commons in N≠a Jaqna, Namibia." African Affairs 120, no. 480 (June 24, 2021): 417–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adab017.
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Abstract Livestock owners, elites and non-elites alike, from different parts of Namibia fence in land that belongs to the indigenous San people who collectively manage their land as a conservancy. Fencing violates the Communal Land Reform Act of 2002. The conservancy started a lawsuit in August 2013 with reference to this Act to remove the fences and end the illegal occupation of land. The High Court ruled in 2016 in favour of the conservancy, but the fences have not been removed and more illegal settlers have settled in the conservancy. We conceptualize and analyse the act of fencing as land grabbing but argue simultaneously that the legal battle of the conservancy is more than a struggle for justice. The case unfolds as an ontological struggle between actors, their institutions and respective policies and discourses, pivoting on conflicting visions of modernities of (rural) development in Tsumkwe West. The wider significance beyond N≠a Jaqna is that the core of struggles about land and rights in situations of land grabbing is whose modernity counts. The court case has also paved the way for conservancies and other resource communities to become involved in dealing with land issues and contesting the multiple meanings of land.
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Fields, Wayne. "When the Fences are Down; Language and Order in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn." Journal of American Studies 24, no. 3 (December 1990): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800033685.
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The world of Tom Sawyer, both that of the character and of the novel which bears his name, is a world dominated by fences; the neat, straight palings that surround the Widow Dougla's property, the fence around the Teacher house over which the lovestick Tom gazes longingly after Becky, and all the other upright boundaries delineating St. Petersburg respectability. As the central icon of the novel, Aunt Polly's white-washed fence appropriately represents the care and maintenance of order to which the town is committed, an order upon which both Tom and his story depend. Although Twain first identifies St. Petersburg as a poor, shabby, frontier village, it is far from defenseless in its confrontations either with shabbiness or wilderness. Well ordered by its fences and undergirded, like Tom's story, by the central institutions of civil and cultural order — the court, the school, the church — it is a society where things have been assigned their proper places and where the primary function of the St. Petersburg elect is to tend those places. This is a world overseen by guardians and Sunday superintendents, schoolmastes, and judges, authorities who, if sometimes mistaken, or even slightly absurd, are essentially benign and nearly always reliable. Thus it is that the minister, praying for the community's children, does so in the context of a hierarchy of responsibility that from country officials to the President of the United States, an ordering presence that, among other reassuring work, is to guarantee the well-being of the young. As though to provide the fullest representation of this benevolent system, Missouri's most important senator, Thomas Hart Benton, makes a cameo appearance in the novel, albeit one in which he is judged of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer as a book about boyish freedom, it affirms at every turn an order of the most conventional sort and depends upon that order for the version of boyhood it depicts.
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Meyer-Herrman, Eva. "The Picket Fence." Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry 11 (April 2005): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/aft.11.20711574.
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Hawkins, Gay, and Gillian Paxton. "Infrastructures of conservation: Provoking new natures with predator fencing." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, no. 4 (August 6, 2019): 1009–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619866078.
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This paper examines the use of predator fences for conservation in Australia. It argues that these major infrastructures for enclosure act as a form of ‘provocative containment’ in which particular forms of nature are not simply protected but made to happen. The primary focus is Newhaven, a property in remote central Australia managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy, a non-profit organization with the biggest estate of privately managed land for conservation in the nation. At Newhaven, the first stage of an ambitious and expensive predator fencing programme has recently been completed, with a second phase under construction that will see the property become the site of the largest feral cat-free enclosure on the planet. In analysing this significant material infrastructure, and the practices and discourses that the Australian Wildlife Conservancy deploys to both justify and attract funding for it, it is possible to see a new conceptualization of conservation emerging in which nature is not simply offered sanctuary but actively stimulated and simulated. The Newhaven fence is much more than a passive material boundary between desired and undesired life. It is a reality-generating device with complex and contradictory biopolitical effects. The concept of provocation highlights how the fence emerges as a deliberate intervention into the dynamics of life. We examine how this is done in four distinct ways: through the sociotechnical design and construction of the fence as ‘cat-proof’, by enrolling Indigenous labour and tracking skills to kill cats, through the use of ecological surveys and baselines to make some life calculable, and via the translocation of species in order to allow them to be both protected and flourish. Each of these practices is essential to making new natures at Newhaven through the complex dynamics of provocation and containment. The issue is: what sort of nature?
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Diachok, Oksana, Larysa Shuldan, and Alina Yanbukhtina. "FEATURES AND COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF SACRED BUILDINGS OF THE END OF 20 – EARLY 21 CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHURCH OF ST. PETER IN TERNOPIL)." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 77 (May 24, 2021): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.77.181-195.
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The article examines some problems of temples of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, in which modern architectural ideas, modern design components appeared together with new design solutions. The study uses a set of general scientific (empirical and theoretical) and special research methods (method of visual and instrumental surveys, historical and comparative analysis, art analysis, method of thermal monitoring and calculation). A comprehensive study was conducted on the example of St. Peter's Church in Ternopil (architect Serhiy Hora, designer Józef Simels). It is established that its modern stylistic image, modern formative components are combined with the traditional plan, which has historically developed in church construction. The facilitation of the main load-bearing structures was made possible by the use of exceptional metal curved trusses and a reinforced concrete belt. A comprehensive analysis of the condition of the church building revealed a number of problems typical for churches of this period of construction: the progressive spread of efflorescence, mycological damage to the plaster, premature destruction of building materials and destruction of structures; loss of insulative properties of structures and increase in energy consumption, deterioration of acoustic characteristics in the church space, loss of uniformity of sound distribution over its area. The dependence of these problems on changes in temperature and humidity in the temple building has been established. According to the results of instrumental research, a correlation analysis was performed to assess the degree of relationship between the distribution of moisture and temperature with the peculiarities of operation, the nature of operation and the level of thermal insulation of enclosing structures. The consequences of further moistening of the inner surfaces of the fences have been established: consequences for the interior; microclimatic (hygienic) consequence; constructive consequences; effects on energy consumption and acoustic effects. As a result of the calculations, recommendations for troubleshooting were provided. Using in this context a systematic interpretation of case studies, the study of actions that would help increase the level of comfort in churches and their preservation, the authors propose a reconstruction with an assessment of the quality of intervention at each stage.
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Agius Vallejo, Jody, and Jennifer Lee. "Brown picket fences." Ethnicities 9, no. 1 (March 2009): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796808099902.
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LINDQVIST, I., B. LINDQVIST, and K. TIILIKKALA. "Birch tar oil is an effective mollusc repellent: field and laboratory experiments using Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda: Helicidae) and Arion lusitanicus (Gastropoda: Arionidae)." Agricultural and Food Science 19, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960610791015050.
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Populations of two molluscs, the land snail Arianta arbustorum and the Iberian slug Arion lusitanicus, have increased substantially in many places in the northern Fennoscandia in recent years. This has resulted in considerable aesthetic and economic damage to plants in home gardens and commercial nurseries. Birch tar oil (BTO), is a new biological plant protection product, and was tested against these molluscs. In this study we examined whether 2 types of BTO, used either alone, mixed together, or mixed with Vaseline®, could be applied as 1) a biological plant protection product for the control of land snails by direct topical spray application, 2) as a repellent against snails when painted on a Perspex® fence, and 3) as a repellent against slugs when smeared on pots containing Brassica pekinensis seedlings. Both the fences and the pots with seedlings were placed in each field with a high population of the target organism. When applied as a spray on snails, BTO did not act as a toxic pesticide but rendered the snails inactive for a period of several months. The BTO barriers were effective in repelling both snails and slugs. However, the repellent effect of BTO alone against the molluscs was short-term. Repeated treatments were required to keep the slugs away from the plants and we found that the interval between treatments should not exceed two weeks. A collar fastened around the rim of the pots, combined with the BTO treatment, did not give any additional benefit in hindering slugs from invading the plants. Most noticeably, the BTO+Vaseline® mixture prevented the land snails from passing over the treated fences for up to several months. The results of these experiments provide evidence that BTO, especially when mixed with Vaseline®, serves as an excellent long-term repellent against molluscs.;
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Golebiewska, Urszula, Jason G. Kay, Thomas Masters, Sergio Grinstein, Wonpil Im, Richard W. Pastor, Suzanne Scarlata, and Stuart McLaughlin. "Evidence for a fence that impedes the diffusion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate out of the forming phagosomes of macrophages." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2011): 3498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-02-0114.
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To account for the many functions of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), several investigators have proposed that there are separate pools of PIP2 in the plasma membrane. Recent experiments show the surface concentration of PIP2 is indeed enhanced in regions where phagocytosis, exocytosis, and cell division occurs. Kinases that produce PIP2 are also concentrated in these regions. However, how is the PIP2 produced by these kinases prevented from diffusing rapidly away? First, proteins could act as “fences” around the perimeter of these regions. Second, some factor could markedly decrease the diffusion coefficient, D, of PIP2 within these regions. We used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to investigate these two possibilities in the forming phagosomes of macrophages injected with fluorescent PIP2. FCS measurements show that PIP2 diffuses rapidly (D ∼ 1 μm2/s) in both the forming phagosomes and unengaged plasma membrane. FRAP measurements show that the fluorescence from PIP2 does not recover (>100 s) after photobleaching the entire forming phagosome but recovers rapidly (∼10 s) in a comparable area of membrane outside the cup. These results (and similar data for a plasma membrane–anchored green fluorescent protein) support the hypothesis that a fence impedes the diffusion of PIP2 into and out of forming phagosomes.
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PICKARD, JOHN. "Wire Fences in Colonial Australia: Technology Transfer and Adaptation, 1842–1900." Rural History 21, no. 1 (March 5, 2010): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793309990136.
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AbstractAfter reviewing the development of wire fencing in Great Britain and the United States of America in the early nineteenth century, I examine the introduction of wire into Australia using published sources only. Wire was available in the colonies from the early 1850s. The earliest published record of a wire fence was on Phillip Island near Melbourne (Victoria) in 1842. Almost a decade passed before wire was used elsewhere in Victoria and the other eastern colonies. Pastoralists either sought information on wire fences locally or from agents in Britain. Local agents of British companies advertised in colonial newspapers from the early 1850s, with one exceptional record in 1839. Once wire was adopted, pastoralists rejected iron posts used in Britain, preferring cheaper wood posts cut from the property. The most significant innovation was to increase post spacings with significant cost savings. Government and the iron industry played no part in these innovations, which were achieved through trial-and-error by pastoralists. The large tonnages of wire imported into Australia and the increasing demand did not stimulate local production of wire, and there were no local wire mills until 1911.
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Gilmore, James N. "Securing the kids: Geofencing and child wearables." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 26, no. 5-6 (October 17, 2019): 1333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856519882317.
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This article provides a critical analysis of the child wearable Jiobit, a locational tracking device that is designed to allow parents to monitor how children move through space. Emphasizing the device’s incorporation of geofencing features, which allow users to program ‘fences’ on a paired smartphone application and receive notifications when a Jiobit wearer enters and leaves the ‘fenced’ areas, I demonstrate how the operations of this device are part of a cultural politics that values the tracking of children through a variety of technological and infrastructural processes. Through an artifactual analysis of the device itself and its smartphone application, as well as an examination of the company’s promotional language, I demonstrate how the logic of ‘securitization’ is used to encourage parents to delegate some of the work of monitoring children to this device. This artifactual analysis is paired with a discursive analysis of the company’s policy documents, which readily acknowledge Jiobit’s inability to serve as a fully reliable security system, while also detailing the ways in which the extraction of data is stored indefinitely and, in some cases, disclosed to third parties. Through this case study of Jiobit, I argue for critical studies of wearable technologies to attend to the ways in which their producers promise ‘security’ and the ways in which ‘security’ acts as an alibi for continuous data collection.
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Gitelis, Asaf. "Vibration sensor for boundary fences." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126, no. 4 (2009): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3238192.
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Seymour, Daniel. "Soft Data – Hard Data: The Painful Art of Fence‐Sitting." Journal of Consumer Marketing 6, no. 2 (February 1989): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000002544.
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Gullestad, Marianne. "Symbolic “fences” in Urban Norwegian Neighbourhoods*." Ethnos 51, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1986.9981313.
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Langkilde, Tracy, and Nicole A. Freidenfelds. "Consequences of envenomation: red imported fire ants have delayed effects on survival but not growth of native fence lizards." Wildlife Research 37, no. 7 (2010): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10098.
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Context Aggressive encounters, including those with venomous species, impose selective pressure on native species. Immediate lethal outcomes of these encounters have been the primary focus of research in this field. However, not all aggressive interactions result in immediate mortality, and indirect consequences of aggressive interactions may be an equally important but under-considered selective force. The red imported fire ant is a globally important venomous invader that imposes novel selective pressure on native communities. Aims We examined indirect effects of fire ant envenomation on native fence lizard growth rates and subsequent survival. Methods Fence lizards are subject to fire ant envenomation in the field when they eat fire ants (they are stung inside the mouth) and through fire ant attack (they are stung on the body). We quantified body sizes of adult lizards from fire ant-invaded and uninvaded sites. We then experimentally exposed hatchling fence lizards to the two modes of fire ant envenomation, and quantified their growth and survival over 1 year. Key results Lizards from fire ant-invaded sites were smaller than those from an uninvaded site, even at similar latitudes. However, in contrast to studies on other native taxa, we found no effect of fire ant venom on growth rates of lizards from naïve or fire ant-invaded populations. Lizards exposed to fire ant venom, through both eating and attack, experienced higher rates of delayed mortality, with 34% of lizards dying 1–11 weeks post-envenomation compared with 12% of lizards in the control treatment. These patterns were true for fire ant naïve populations as well as those exposed to fire ants for ~35 generations. Conclusions These results suggest that the smaller body sizes observed in fence lizards from fire ant-invaded sites are not a consequence of exposure to fire ant venom. However, fence lizards from both sites suffer delayed survival costs of fire ant envenomation. Implications The present study highlights the importance of considering indirect fitness consequences of aggressive encounters if we are to fully understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of these interactions, and adequately manage and predict the impacts of invasive species.
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Seymour, Daniel. "COMMENTARY SOFT DATA—HARD DATA: THE PAINFUL ART OF FENCE‐SITTING." Journal of Services Marketing 2, no. 4 (April 1988): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb024741.
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Kirking, Clayton C. "Both sides of the fence, librarian and curator: forming a Latin American library collection." Art Libraries Journal 20, no. 3 (1995): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200009445.
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The Department of Latin American Art at the Phoenix Art Museum was established on 1st January 1992, and the Librarian of the Museum accepted the additional role of Curator of the Department. Although the Museum has always collected Mexican art, the new Department is concerned with all of Latin America and especially with the 20th century. Similarly, the Library, which has long-established interests in Mexican art, is now expanding its coverage to reflect the scope of the new Department. Grant support has been forthcoming, and Library purchasing has been enhanced by the generosity of a private donor and by a strategy of using a proportion of each exhibition budget for Library acquisitions. Specialist suppliers have been identified, but it has also been necessary to travel. Better networking is needed between professionals in Latin America and the USA; exchange programs have the potential to be mutually beneficial. (The text of a paper presented to the IFLA Section of Art Libraries at the IFLA General Conference at Havana, August 1994).
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Menozzi, Oliva, Eugenio Di Valerio, Clara Tamburrino, Abdulrahim Saleh Shariff, Vincenzo d'Ercole, and Maria Giorgia Di Antonio. "A race against time: monitoring the necropolis and the territory of Cyrene and Giarabub through protocols of remote sensing and collaboration with Libyan colleagues." Libyan Studies 48 (September 28, 2017): 69–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2017.13.
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AbstractThe core area of Cyrene, despite recent upheavals, benefits from well-managed controls and fences that so far seem to have stopped the looting, although not the vandalism. These fences act mainly as a psychological barrier; for the local people, everything inside the fences is seen as ‘more important’ than what is outside. However, it is impossible to enclose all the monumental tombs, rock-cut sanctuaries and ancient farms and fortifications. The first type of damage we see is due to looting, which is increasing, and acts of vandalism. The lack of regulation and police control as well as increased urbanisation have caused a lot of uncontrolled building, causing the further destruction of large sections of the necropolis. A second type of damage is due to the lack of maintenance. In order to help restore the sites, the Universities of Urbino, Chieti, Roma 3, Naples 2 and the Mission of the MIBACT at Giarabub, in collaboration with the DoA, have organised courses on ‘Rescue restoration in emergency’. Despite the growing number of inspectors and technicians in Cyrene, there are still not enough archaeologists, guards or restorers. This paper explains these general issues and, as a case study, the remote but important area of Giarabub.
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McDonald, Larry R., and Gary W. Hicks. "Acoustic fence." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 1 (2008): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2832797.
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Hicks, Gary W., and Larry R. McDonald. "Acoustic fence." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 (2005): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1919888.
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Jowitt, Deborah. "Tale of Coincidences, Choices, and Fences to Be Jumped." Dance Chronicle 37, no. 2 (May 4, 2014): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01472526.2014.915464.
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Schönle, Andreas. "The Scare of the Self: Sentimentalism, Privacy, and Private Life in Russian Culture, 1780-1820." Slavic Review 57, no. 4 (1998): 723–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2501044.
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This century may be called the century of openness in the physical and moral sense: look at our sweet beauties! … Before people used to hide in dark homes behind the cover of high fences. Nowadays, one sees bright homes everywhere with large windows facing the street: please look in! We want to live, act, and think behind a transparent glass–Nikolai Karamzin, Moia ispoved
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Kovács, Tünde, Zoltán Nyikes, and Lucia Figuli. "Application of High Energy Absorbing Materials for Blast Protection." Acta Materialia Transilvanica 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amt-2018-0034.
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Abstract In the current century, building protection is very important in the face of terrorist attacks. The old buildings in Europe are not sufficiently resilient to the loads produced by blasts. We still do not fully understand the effects of different explosives on buildings and human bodies. [1–3] Computing blast loads are different from that of traditional loads and the material selection rules for this type of impact load are diverse. Historical and old buildings cannot be protected simply by new walls and fences. New ways need to be found to improve a building’s resistance to the effects of a blast. It requires sufficiently thin yet strong retrofitted materials in order to reinforce a building’s walls [4–6].
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Cain, Deborah. "A Fence Too Far?" Third Text 18, no. 4 (July 2004): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0952882042000229881.
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Ryu, Je Ho, Tae Beom Lee, Kwang Ho Yang, Taeun Kim, Young Soo Chung, and Byunghyun Choi. "Fence Angioplasty Prevents Narrowing of Venous Anastomosis in Solitary Pancreas Transplant." Annals of Transplantation 23 (October 2, 2018): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/aot.911379.
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Carlson, Allen. "Is Environmental Art an Aesthetic Affront to Nature?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 4 (December 1986): 635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1986.10717140.
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In this discussion I consider one aesthetic issue which arises from certain intimate relationships between art and nature. The background to these relationships can be traced to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It includes factors of considerable importance in the history of the aesthetic appreciation of nature such as the eighteenth century infatuation with landscape gardening and the continuingly influential role of landscape painting. Here, however, I concentrate on these relationships only as exemplified in a contemporary phenomenon – environmental art. By environmental art I mean both the earthworks and earthmarks of artists such as Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer, and Dennis Oppenheim and certain structures on the land such as those of Robert Morris, Michael Singer, and Christo. Some paradigm cases are Smithson's Spiral Jetty (1970), Heizer's Double Negative (1969-70), Singer's Lily Pond Ritual Series (1975), and Christo's Running Fence (1972-76).
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McCarty, Danny W. "Sound barrier fence." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, no. 1 (January 1988): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.396203.
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Friedman, Nathan. "The US-Mexico Border Fence." Art Journal 79, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043249.2020.1724036.
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., Iswahyudi. "ESTETIKA DALAM SENI ISLAM MENURUT SAYYED HOSSEIN NASR." Jurnal Budaya Nusantara 3, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/b.nusantara.vol3.no1.a2113.
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The discussion about the phenomenon of religion and the cultural arts system is very interestingbecause the two have a close relationship. Islamic art, according to Nasr, has three elements.First, religious art is art that completely avoids something secular, can be a fence of expressionto hold back pagan art or the like. Secondly, Islamic art must be extracted from aesthetic elementswhich must animate the meaning of monotheism, so that it contributes to always remind againof the majesty of God. Third, Islamic art must be truly wisdom, because it is inspired by spiritualvalues. Associated with aesthetics, is to provide beauty that reflects aspects of positive judgment.The problems that arise in this case, how far beauty can be felt by someone and once able toevaluate it. Ethical and aesthetic freedom are often seen in relation to diametric patterns. Binaryopposition between ethical freedom governed by various normative rules and aesthetic freedomthat tends to be explosive is often a problem especially when art is associated with religiousvalues. Based on this, it is known that Nasr paid great attention to spirituality in building hisphilosophy of Islamic aesthetics and rejecting modernism.
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Deubert, Kathy. "Beyond the No. 1 Rabbit-proof Fence: benefits and problems of isolation in Western Australia." Art Libraries Journal 13, no. 4 (1988): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200005940.
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Western Australia has the dual problem of a very large land area and a small population with its capital city, Perth, one of the most geographically isolated cities in the world. The art community is active; art organisations, collectors and academic institutions are increasingly aware of their role in the promotion of the local heritage while realising the importance of trying to overcome cultural isolation.For librarians, isolation limits personal communication with eastern states colleagues, hinders access to larger interstate resources, and adversely affects the currency of their collections, but it also encourages a spirit of co-operation, communication and sharing of resources at the local level.
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Schoon, Peter J. "Een notitieboekje van Philip Tiedeman (1657-1705)." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 104, no. 1 (1990): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501790x00020.
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AbstractBesides several paintings and drawings, the Amsterdam artist Philip Ticdcman (1657-1705) left two notebooks. This study is devoted to one of them, which is kept in the Rijksprentenkabinet in Amsterdam. In this document Tiedeman kept a record of the commissions he received between 1694 and 1697, often adding a brief description of the work, a hastily scribbled sketch and the customer's name. As well as these purely businesslike data, the artist also jotted down some extremely frank observations about himself and various people of his acquaintance. All this information enables us to form a more complete picture of Tiedeman, notably with regard to his ideas about art, his activities, his patrons and his person. As Houbraken tells us in his Groote Schouburgh, the teachers of the Hamburg-born artist were Nicolaes de Raes and Gerard de Lairesse. Tiedeman's studies with De Lairesse, which probably took place between about 1680 and 1683, with a follow-up in 1695, had a decisive influence on his artistic development. His notebook contains a variety of theoretical observations which echo De Lairesse's ideas as recorded in the Groot Schilderboek and the Grondlegginge ter Teekenkonst. In Tiedeman's opinion for instance, nature (nutura), art (ars) and practice (exercitatio) arc necessary for the making of a complete artist. He also thought that the painter should be a scholar, a pictor doctus. Tiedeman evidently cast himself in this role, judging by the marked attention his notebook pays to various iconographical and historical sources, including the Bible, Ripa's Iconologia, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Ovid's Metamorphoses. Although Tiedeman felt that artistic creation was largely an intellectual pursuit, this does not imply that he was inventive in devising his allegories. Studying the designs in his notebook, we see that his approach, in common with that of so many others, did not display great erudition: instead of gathering his information from different iconographical and historical works, he relied chiefly on Ripa's Iconologia. Tiedeman was influenced not only by his teacher's De Lairesse ideas but by his work as well. The commissions he recorded in his book show that he, too, painted ceilings and rooms and designed decorations for a wide range of objects such as fans, maps, carriages, fences, title-pages, wedding medals and tea-trays. His choice of subject-matter - he produced quite a lot of allegorical and mythological work - was entirely in keeping with the standards of his day. There was thus no lack of orders, most of which, as in the case of his teacher, came from private Amsterdam citizens. Among his patrons were wealthy merchants, many of whom were Baptists, as well as Amsterdam publishers, print and map sellers. Tiedeman's notebook is one of the few surviving seventeenth-century documents to provide a picture of the patron-artist relationship. It seems that the artist often had to cater to his customer's wishes. The information contained in the book not only gives us an idea of Tiedeman the artist but of the man himself. He did after all entrust fairly confidential information to his notebook. He emerges as a hard-working and in particular an arrogant man who nonetheless was acutely conscious of his own frustrations and deficiencies. He presents himself not only as a man burdened by his physical appearance and mental weakness, but also as the artist who, in his own words, 'by dint of constant diligence' and 'with Gods's help' had ensured that his work could be 'placed alongside the best of [his] age.' One wonders whether Tiedeman's notes were meant for his eyes only, or for others. Nothing suggests that the book was ever read by anyone else. but if not for other readers, why did he write it at all? Well, the notebook acted as an aide-mémoire to Tiedeman in his work. It was a means of letting off steam in trying circumstances, and gave him an opportunity to confess his own mistakes. Finally, as stated above, Tiedeman's work was much in demand, but little has survived. A pity, for Tiedeman's notebook would have greater appeal if we could see the final results of the concepts he jotted down in it. None of this detracts from the importance of the notebook in the Rijksprentenkabinet for affording us a glimpse of the daily round of an Amsterdam artist in the last quarter of the seventeenth century.
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Chen, Wen Jie. "Improvements and Implementation of Integrated In-Vehicle Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 1023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.1023.
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An In-Vehicle Monitoring System (IVMS) monitors the location and status of the remote vehicle status. In this paper, we introduce an integrated IMVS suit for various vehicles types. Based on the state of art IMVS, this system realized some improvements on it. These improvements include report interval, fuel consumption, spotting the target, administrative boundary electronic fence, and big data. These improvements amplify the practicability, expand the use scope and improve the efficiency of IVMS.
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Langkilde, T. "Holding ground in the face of invasion: native fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) do not alter their habitat use in response to introduced fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 7 (July 2009): 626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-053.
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The introduction of non-native species is becoming increasingly common. Understanding the impact of invaders on native populations is critical for effective management. Red imported fire ants ( Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972) were introduced to the USA in the 1930s. They will attack, and can kill, native fence lizards ( Sceloporus undulatus (Bosc and Daudin in Sonnini and Latreille, 1801)), which co-occur with these ants across much of their invasive range. I determined whether fence lizards minimize encounters with S. invicta by altering their habitat use following invasion or avoiding cues of the presence of these fire ants. I recorded the habitat use of fence lizards and S. invicta mounds across four sites with different histories of invasion, and quantified lizard avoidance of S. invicta scent. I found that lizards do not alter their habitat use following S. invicta invasion, nor do they spatially avoid their mounds. Fence lizards do avoid S. invicta scent, but this was only evident in naïve or recently invaded populations. The lack of avoidance of S. invicta by fence lizards could be explained by the high prevalence of these fire ants, making them difficult to avoid, and adaptive shifts in the escape behaviour and morphology of these lizards following invasion that permit them to survive fire ant attack.
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Chips, Michael J., Michael R. Magliocca, Bill Hasson, and Walter P. Carson. "Quantifying deer and turkey leaf litter disturbances in the eastern deciduous forest: have nontrophic effects of consumers been overlooked?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 9 (September 2014): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0045.
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Vertebrate herbivores and omnivores modify forest regeneration not only via direct and indirect trophic pathways, but also via nontrophic pathways such as litter and soil disturbances that may favor the regeneration of some species but not others. Deer are overabundant throughout vast portions of the eastern deciduous forest, and turkeys, once nearly extirpated, are now far more common; their foraging habits disturb litter over large areas, though this has rarely been evaluated. We quantified the size and frequency of litter disturbances created by both deer and turkeys. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that excluding vertebrates via fences would cause a reduction in the abundance and size of litter disturbances. We tested this hypothesis inside and outside six exclosures and adjacent control plots in an old-growth deciduous forest in Pennsylvania. Bare soil patches were ∼60% smaller and between 50% and 90% less abundant inside exclosures. The mean size of turkey litter disturbances was large (mean > 30 m2) and significantly greater than deer disturbances (p = 0.002), though turkey disturbances were less frequent. Our findings should apply broadly and are some of the first to demonstrate the extent of turkey disturbances. In addition, we demonstrate that exclosure studies reduce physical disturbances as well as browsing, both of which may synergistically act to cause changes in forest communities. We also caution that many deer fences exclude other vertebrates such as turkeys, which are important herbivores, seed predators, and major agents of disturbance. Consequently, we argue that studies that use fences to exclude deer should explicitly consider nontrophic indirect effects, particularly leaf disturbances and the potential impact of other large consumers as well (e.g., turkeys).
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Pretelli, Matteo. "Dal Trattato di Guadalupe-Hidalgo al Secure Fence Act. Politiche statunitensi di controllo del confine fra Messico e Stati Uniti." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 39 (May 2012): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2012-039008.
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This essay aims to analyze U.S. policies of southern border enforcement in the 19th- and 20th-centuries, which targeted illegal crossings from Mexico onto American soil. In 2006, President George W. Bush signed the Secure Fence Act that endorsed the costruction of a fence along 700 of the 2,000 mile long southern international boundary. This border enforcement is the aftermath of policies that especially from the 1980s onwards aim to respond to the increasing fear in U.S. public opinion relating to the presence of unauthorized migrants in the United States.
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Mullen, Gavin. "Don’t Fence Me In." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 64, no. 6 (December 2016): 1225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065116671748.
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Lancaster, Sydney A., and John W. F. Waldron. "Boundary|Time|Surface: assessing a meeting of art and geology through an ephemeral sculptural work." Geoscience Communication 3, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-249-2020.
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Abstract. Boundary|Time|Surface was an ephemeral, site-specific sculpture created to draw attention to the construction of social, political, scientific, and aesthetic boundaries that divide the Earth; one such practice is the scientific subdivision of geologic time. The sculpture comprised a 150 m fence along the international stratotype separating Ordovician from Cambrian strata in Gros Morne National Park, Canada. The fence was constructed by hand within 1 d, on a falling tide, from materials found on site, with minimal environmental impact. During the following tidal cycles, it was dismantled by wave and tide action. This cycle of construction and destruction was documented with time-lapse photography and video and brought to the public through exhibitions, public talks, and a book. Exhibitions derived from the documentation of ephemeral works function as translations of the original experience. In this case, they provided opportunities for public interaction with media that served both as aesthetic objects and as sources of information about the site's geological and sociopolitical history. We assess the role of the installation, and its documentation, in drawing public attention to boundaries, and examine responses including attendance records and written visitor comments as indications of the viewers' engagement with the concepts presented. Of several thousand visitors to exhibitions, 418 written comments reflected the viewers' engagement with both the location and the underlying concepts. Both the original installation and the subsequent work allowed audiences to explore human understanding and acquisition of knowledge about the Earth and how world-views inform the process of scientific inquiry.
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Woodsum, H. C., and J. J. Stapleton. "Bistatic/monostatic sonar fence." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 2 (August 1995): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414416.
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Dolin, Kieran. "Law and identity at the fence." Studies in Australasian Cinema 3, no. 1 (January 2009): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/sac.3.1.133_1.
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Kania, Agnieszka. "„Mój dom moją twierdzą”. Rozważania na tle regulacji art. 25 § 2a k.k." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 48 (November 28, 2018): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.48.2.
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“My home is my castle”. Reflection on the regulation of the article 25 § 2a of the Penal CodeThe purpose of the article is to discuss the latest change that has been introduced into the legislation regulating the right of necessary self-defence. The result of the said amendment is adding a new editing unit to the content of article 25 of the Penal Code, i.e. § 2a, which provides for impunity of a person excessively exercising the right of necessary self-defence in a situation where crossing the limits of necessary self-defence occurs when countering an attack involving forced entry into a flat, premises, house or an adjacent fenced area, or where crossing the limits of necessary self-defence occurs when countering an attack preceded by forced entry into these places. This study presents not only arguments of the drafters which they used to prove the validity of the analysed solution, but also points out some doubts that might occur in the practical application of this regulation.