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Journal articles on the topic 'Fer bromure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Benyaich, A., M. Roche, J. Pagetti, and M. Troquet. "Inhibition de la corrosion du fer Armco par le bromure de triphénylbenzyl phosphonium en milieu acide phosphorique." Matériaux & Techniques 76, no. 11-12 (1988): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/198876110035.

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2

Scholz, H. "A new annual brome-grass(Bromus) from Greece." Feddes Repertorium 108, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921080107.

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3

Scholz, H. "A new annual brome-grass (Bromus) from Greece." Feddes Repertorium 108, no. 1-2 (April 18, 2008): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19971080107.

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4

Morgunov, Roman, and Yoshifumi Tanimoto. "Oscillations of EPR Signals Accompanying Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7010002.

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Periodical transformation of ferroin to ferriin is accompanied by changes in magnetic properties of liquids during Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction malonic acid, sodium bromide, sodium bromate, ferroin, and sulfuric acid. Instead of the earlier studied oscillation of microwave conductivity accompanying an oscillating reaction, we propose a flash technique to interrupt the BZ reaction by rapid freezing. Rapid cooling of a solution during chemical oscillations results in a frozen system with a fixed concentration of paramagnetic centers Fe3+. EPR spectrum recorded at different stages of the interrupted reaction corresponds to the exact concentration of the ferroin and ferriin components. Following unfreezing unblocks the BZ reaction, and oscillations are still observed. A simulated spectrum allows one to distinguish two groups of Fe3+ ions of different symmetries. The obtained results are important to explain the earlier observed effect of inhomogeneous magnetic field on BZ reaction front velocity.

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5

Chipiso, Kudzanai, and Reuben H. Simoyi. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of d-Penicillamine in Acidified Bromate and Aqueous Bromine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 11 (2016): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16050.

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The oxidation of the biologically active compound d-penicillamine (Depen) by acidic bromate has been studied. The stoichiometry of the reaction is strictly 1 : 1, in which Depen is oxidized only as far as the sulfonic acid with no cleavage of the C–S bond to yield sulfate. Electrospray ionization spectroscopy shows that Depen is oxidized through addition of oxygen atoms on the sulfur centre to successively yield sulfenic and sulfinic acids before the product sulfonic acid. In conditions of excess Depen over the oxidant, sulfenic acid was not observed. Instead, nearly quantitative formation of the dimer was obtained. The dimer, which is the d-penicillamine disulfide species, was formed from a reaction of the putative highly electrophilic sulfenic acid with unreacted Depen in a condensation-type reaction and not through a radical-mediated pathway. Further oxidation of the dimer is slow because it is the most stable intermediate in the oxidation of Depen. In excess oxidant conditions, negligible dimer formation is observed. The reaction of bromine with Depen gives a stoichiometry of 3 : 1 with the same sulfonic acid product. This reaction is so fast that it is essentially diffusion controlled. Our stopped-flow instrument could not capture the oxidation by the first 2 moles of bromine, only the section of the reaction in which the sulfinic acid is oxidized to sulfonic acid.

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6

Smith, P. M. "Native or introduced? Problems in the taxonomy and plant geography of some widely introduced annual brome-grasses." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 89 (1986): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026972700000909x.

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SynopsisWeedy nature and critical taxonomic status of widespread autogamous annual brome-grasses combine to make assessments of their native phytogeographical areas uncertain or impossible. Suggested criteria for determining native status are reviewed. Some species found in SW Asia occur also in Europe. Some others are so far known only in Europe and may either be native there or introduced from SW Asia. These possibilities are considered by applying native status criteria to 10 principal exemplar species and 4 subspecies. On the basis of known distributions, these criteria suggest that: (i) some species are not native in any primary habitats, and perhaps never have been; (ii) though SW Asia seems to be the centre from which the current adaptive radiation of Bromus L. annuals began, not all its brome-grass flora is native, and some of its probable native species are known only as introduced plants in Europe i.e. are undiscovered in SW Asia. It is urged that our imperfect knowledge of distributions in this critical group be remedied by careful analysis of the brome-grass flora of primary habitats in SW Asia.

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7

Bolshakov, Aleksei, Arno J. F. van Hoof, Brahim Mezari, Nikolay Kosinov, and Emiel Hensen. "A versatile mono-quaternary ammonium salt as a mesoporogen for the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 23 (2019): 6737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy02001b.

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Here we report a versatile method to synthesize hierarchically porous zeolites with FER, CHA and MFI topologies by using inexpensive mono-quaternary ammonium N-cetyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (C₁₆NMP) bromide as a mesoporogen.

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8

Smith, Philip. "Serological Distinctness of Bromus pseudosecalinus P. SMITH sp. nov." Feddes Repertorium 77, no. 1 (April 18, 2008): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19680770107.

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9

Bomble, W., and H. Scholz. "Eine neue Unterart des Bromus secalinus (Gramineae) - ein Sekundäres Unkraut." Feddes Repertorium 110, no. 5-6 (April 18, 2008): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19991100514.

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10

Smith, Philip. "Serological Relationships of Bromus L. and Boissiera Hochst. ex Steud." Feddes Repertorium 79, no. 6 (April 18, 2008): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19690790602.

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11

Anderson, A., B. H. Torrie, D. J. Danagher, D. G. Laurin, J. K. White, and W. W. E. Zung. "Raman and far-infrared spectra of crystalline methylene bromide." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 18, no. 2 (March 1987): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250180205.

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12

Stutz, J., J. L. Thomas, S. C. Hurlock, M. Schneider, R. von Glasow, M. Piot, K. Gorham, et al. "Longpath DOAS observations of surface BrO at Summit, Greenland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 2 (February 25, 2011): 6707–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-6707-2011.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens, and in particular bromine oxide (BrO), have frequently been observed in regions with large halide reservoirs, for example during bromine catalyzed coastal polar ozone depletion events. Much less is known about the presence and impact of reactive halogens in areas without obvious halide reservoirs, such as the polar ice sheets or continental snow. We report the first LP-DOAS measurements of BrO at Summit research station in the center of the Greenland ice sheet at an altitude of 3200 m. BrO mixing ratios in May 2007 and June 2008 were typically between 1–3 pmol mol−1, with maxima of up to 5 pmol mol−1. These measurements unequivocally show that halogen chemistry is occurring in the remote Arctic, far from known bromine reservoirs, such as the ocean. During periods when FLEXPART retroplumes show that airmasses resided on the Greenland ice sheet for 3 or more days, BrO exhibits a clear diurnal variation, with peak mixing ratios of up to 3 pmol mol−1 in the morning and at night. The diurnal cycle of BrO can be explained by a changing boundary layer height combined with photochemical formation of reactive bromine driven by solar radiation at the snow surface. The shallow stable boundary in the morning and night leads to an accumulation of BrO at the surface, leading to elevated BrO despite the expected smaller release from the snowpack during these times of low solar radiation. During the day when photolytic formation of reactive bromine is expected to be highest, efficient mixing into a deeper neutral boundary layer leads to lower BrO mixing ratios than during mornings and nights. The extended period of contact with the Greenland snowpack combined with the diurnal profile of BrO, modulated by boundary layer height, suggests that photochemistry in the snow is a significant source of BrO measured at Summit during the 2008 experiment. In addition, a rapid transport event on 4 July 2008, during which marine air from the Greenland coast was rapidly transported to Summit, led to enhanced mixing ratios of BrO and a number of marine tracers. However, marine transport events are rare and most likely not the main source of bromide in surface snow at Summit. The observed levels of BrO are predicted to influence NOx chemistry as well as impact HOx partitioning. However, impact of local snow photochemistry on HOx is smaller than previously suggested for Summit.

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13

Molnár, István, Krisztina Kurin-Csörgei, and István Szalai. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of minimal bromate oscillators in an open one-side-fed reactor." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 20 (2018): 13851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01953c.

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14

Bolger, T. P., R. Chapman, and I. F. Le Coultre. "Seed dormancy release in three common pasture grasses from a Mediterranean-type environment under contrasting conditions." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 2 (1999): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98139.

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Pastures in the Mediterranean region of Australia are typically comprised of a mixture of winter annuals, including grasses and legumes, which utilise a seed bank to survive the long, dry summer. The risk of out-of-season summer rain requires species from such environments to adopt appropriate strategies to protect their seed banks. The seed bank strategies of the grasses from these environments have, so far, received little attention. We conducted an experiment to observe the dormancy release characteristics of 3 grasses common to these environments when stored under contrasting thermal regimes. The grasses studied were great brome grass (Bromus diandrus Roth), annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), and barley grass (Hordeum leporinum Link). The different species displayed contrasting dormancy release characteristics over the summer. Two of the species examined (great brome grass and annual ryegrass) displayed relatively late release from dormancy which gave high levels of protection from false breaks. The other (barley grass) displayed earlier release from dormancy which would enable it to better exploit earlier true breaks but make it more sensitive to false breaks. Unlike pasture legumes, high and fluctuating temperatures were not necessary for the seeds of these grasses to become germinable. In fact, exposure to high temperatures appeared more likely to suppress release from dormancy.

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15

Stutz, J., J. L. Thomas, S. C. Hurlock, M. Schneider, R. von Glasow, M. Piot, K. Gorham, et al. "Longpath DOAS observations of surface BrO at Summit, Greenland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 18 (September 27, 2011): 9899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9899-2011.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens, and in particular bromine oxide (BrO), have frequently been observed in regions with large halide reservoirs, for example during bromine catalyzed coastal polar ozone depletion events. Much less is known about the presence and impact of reactive halogens in areas without obvious halide reservoirs, such as the polar ice sheets or continental snow. We report the first LP-DOAS measurements of BrO at Summit research station in the center of the Greenland ice sheet at an altitude of 3200 m. BrO mixing ratios in May 2007 and June 2008 were typically between 1–3 pmol mol−1, with maxima of up to 5 pmol mol−1. These measurements unequivocally show that halogen chemistry is occurring in the remote Arctic, far from known bromine reservoirs, such as the ocean. During periods when FLEXPART retroplumes show that airmasses resided on the Greenland ice sheet for 3 or more days, BrO exhibits a clear diurnal variation, with peak mixing ratios of up to 3 pmol mol−1 in the morning and at night. The diurnal cycle of BrO can be explained by a changing boundary layer height combined with photochemical formation of reactive bromine driven by solar radiation at the snow surface. The shallow stable boundary layer in the morning and night leads to an accumulation of BrO at the surface, leading to elevated BrO despite the expected smaller release from the snowpack during these times of low solar radiation. During the day when photolytic formation of reactive bromine is expected to be highest, efficient mixing into a deeper neutral boundary layer leads to lower BrO mixing ratios than during mornings and nights. The extended period of contact with the Greenland snowpack combined with the diurnal profile of BrO, modulated by boundary layer height, suggests that photochemistry in the snow is a significant source of BrO measured at Summit during the 2008 experiment. In addition, a rapid transport event on 4 July 2008, during which marine air from the Greenland east coast was rapidly transported to Summit, led to enhanced mixing ratios of BrO and a number of marine tracers. However, rapid transport of marine air from the Greenland east coast is rare and most likely not the main source of bromide in surface snow at Summit. The observed levels of BrO are predicted to influence NOx chemistry as well as impact HOx partitioning. However, impact of local snow photochemistry on HOx is smaller than previously suggested for Summit.

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16

BOWMAN, P. D., S. T. SCHUSCHEREBA, T. W. JOHNSON, F. J. WOO, L. MCKINNEY, C. R. WHEELER, D. FROST, and D. W. KORTE. "Myopathic Changes in Diaphragm of Rats Fed Pyridostigmine Bromide Subchronically." Toxicological Sciences 13, no. 1 (1989): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/13.1.110.

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17

Schuschereba, Steven T., Phillip D. Bowman, Joseph A. Vargas, Thomas W. Johnson, Frank J. Woo, and LuAnn McKinney. "Myopathic Alterations in Extraocular Muscle of Rats Subchronically Fed Pyridostigmine Bromide." Toxicologic Pathology 18, no. 3 (April 1990): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339001800305.

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18

Westerhoff, Paul. "Reduction of Nitrate, Bromate, and Chlorate by Zero Valent Iron (Fe0)." Journal of Environmental Engineering 129, no. 1 (January 2003): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2003)129:1(10).

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19

BOWMAN, P. "Myopathic changes in diaphragm of rats fed pyridostigmine bromide subchronically*1." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 13, no. 1 (July 1989): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(89)90311-4.

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20

Wang, Lai, and Jin-Liang Wang. "Synthesis and absorption properties of small-molecule acceptor based rich-electronic benzodiselenophene core with hybrid bromination and fluorination end-group." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102081.

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At present, dihalogenated 1, 1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) have attracted widely attention as terminal unit. Here, our work designed and synthesized a new nonfullerene small molecule acceptor material BDSe-FBr, with simultaneously fluorinated and brominated terminal. Due to that bromine atom has more electrons and larger size, and fluorine atom enhanced intermolecular π-π packing, BDSe-FBr present strong absorption abilities in solution and film. It shows a broad absorption range of 600–800 nm and 700– 900 nm, with the maximum absorption peak in solution and film of 742 nm and 774 nm, respectively, and the optical band gap of BDSe-FBr is 1.40 eV. The results are beneficial for high JSC and less energy loss and these strong absorption abilities are due to that bromine atom has more electrons and larger size, and fluorine atom enhanced intermolecular π-π packing. The multiple interactions between heteroatom also is beneficial to improve charge transportation and crystallinity. This new A-D-A type small molecules with simultaneously fluorinated and brominated end-group provide an effective strategy to improve photovoltaic performance of acceptor. The introduction of fluorine and bromine atoms simultaneously into the terminal group exhibits great prospects for application in high performance OSCs.

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21

Bonnafoux, Laurence, Frédéric R. Leroux, and Françoise Colobert. "Bromine–lithium exchange: An efficient tool in the modular construction of biaryl ligands." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (September 14, 2011): 1278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.148.

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Regioselective bromine–lithium exchange reactions on polybrominated biaryls enable the modular synthesis of various polysubstituted biphenyls such as bis(dialkylphosphino)-, bis(diarylphosphino)- and dialkyl(diaryl)phosphinobiphenyls. All permutations of substituents at the ortho positions of the biphenyls are possible. In a similar manner, one can gain access to monophosphine analogues. So far, such a process, based on the effective discrimination between bromine atoms as a function of their chemical environment, has been observed only sporadically.

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22

Kasilingam, Thavan, and C. Thangavelu. "Synergistic Effect of Cationic Surfactants in Adsorption." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 83 (August 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.83.31.

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The corrosion behaviour of cationic surfactants, namely: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), have been used as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in well water. Protection efficiencies of the studied surfactants were depended on the hydrophobic chain length and concentration of the surfactants. The results shows that the order of protection efficiency is CTAB > DTAB. Tafel curves showed these surfactants are acting as an anodic inhibitors. Nyquist curves revealed that a protective film is formed on the metal surface. FTIR spectra suggest that the tested surfactants protective film consists of Fe2+-CTAB, Fe2+-DTAB and Zn(OH)2. Protection efficiency values and synergism parameters obtained weight loss; potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are consistent.

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23

Moretti, A., A. Bertolini, G. Carelli, M. Nannizzi, and J. C. S. Moraes. "The vinyl bromide optically pumped far infrared laser: new large offset emissions." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 37, no. 4 (April 2001): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.914396.

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24

Wang, Jirong, Xiaolin Xie, Zhigang Xue, Christophe Fliedel, and Rinaldo Poli. "Ligand- and solvent-free ATRP of MMA with FeBr3 and inorganic salts." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 7 (2020): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01840a.

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A new cost-effective and safe protocol for the bulk ATRP of MMA uses FeBr₃, EBrPA and an inorganic compound (carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, hydroxide, chloride, bromide) of an alkali metal cation.

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25

Hadanu, Ruslin, Sabirin Mastjeh, Jumina Jumina, Mustofa Mustofa, Mahardika Agus Widjayanti, and Eti Nurwening Sholikhah. "SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF (1)-N-(4-METHOXYBENZYL)-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM BROMIDE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2010): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21698.

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Synthesis of (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide from 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde as starting material and evaluation of its antiplasmodial activities have been carried out. The 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was prepared from 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reagent and ethanol absolute solution. The mixture was refluxed for 3 h. To yield colorless dilution compound with 90.41 % in efficiency. Furthermore, bromination of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol with phosphorus bromide (PBr3) was conducted by refluxing for 3 h. The product of this reaction was yellow liquid of 4-methoxybenzyl bromide, 79.03% yield and 95.34 % purity. The final step of reaction was benzylation of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate with 4-methoxybenzyl bromide reagent. It was conducted by refluxing in aceton for 8 h at 55 oC. The yield of the reaction was (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide (77.63%). It is pink solid form, and its melting point is 192-193 oC. Identification of the product was carried out by means of GC-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectrometers. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity on chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3 strain and chloroquine sensitive P. falciparum D10 strain for (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide were determined by microscopic method. The result showed that after 72 h incubation, it has IC50 0.93±0.02 µM and 1.21±0.09 µM, respectively. Keywords: 1,10-phenanthroline, (1)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,10-phenanthroline bromide, 4 methoxybenzaldehyde, antiplasmodial activities

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26

Echardt, J., and A. Kornmueller. "The advanced EctoSys electrolysis as an integral part of a ballast water treatment system." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 9 (November 1, 2009): 2227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.676.

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A full-scale 500 m3/h ballast water treatment system was tested according to the landbased type approval procedure of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The system consists of disc filters followed by the advanced EctoSys electrolysis as an integral part for disinfection. The test water quality exceeded by far the minimum requirements for type approval testing. Due to the properties of the special electrodes used together with the striking disinfection effect, the disinfectants assumed to be produced inline by the EctoSys cell in river water were hydroxyl radicals, while in brackish water additionally chlorine and consequently the more stable bromine were formed. In river water, no residual oxidants could be detected in accordance with the assumed production of not responding, highly-reactive and short-living hydroxyl radicals. Accordingly, disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation was very low and close to the limit of quantification in river water. While in brackish water, initial residual oxidant concentrations were maximum 2 mg/L as chlorine and mostly brominated DBP (especially bromoform and bromate) were found. Overall considering this worst case test approach, the DBP concentrations of the treated effluents were below or in the range of the WHO Drinking Water Guideline values and therefore evaluated as acceptable for discharge to the environment. The stringent discharge standard by IMO concerning viable organisms was fully met in river and brackish water, proving the disinfection efficiency of the EctoSys electrolysis against smaller plankton and bacteria.

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27

Enger, Kyle S., Emaly S. Leak, Tiong Gim Aw, Angela D. Coulliette, and Joan B. Rose. "Antibacterial and antiviral effectiveness of two household water treatment devices that use monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 6 (August 26, 2016): 950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.153.

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Many different household water treatment (HWT) methods have been researched and promoted to mitigate the serious burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries. However, HWT methods using bromine have not been extensively evaluated. Two gravity-fed HWT devices (AquaSure™ and Waterbird™) were used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of HaloPure® Br beads (monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene) that deliver bromine. As water flows over the beads, reactive bromine species are eluted, which inactivate microorganisms. To assess log10 reduction values (LRVs) for Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, bacteriophage MS2, human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2), and murine norovirus (MN), these organisms were added to potable water and sewage-contaminated water. These organisms were quantified before and after water treatment by the HWT devices. On average, 6 LRVs against Vibrio were attained, as well as 5 LRVs against Salmonella, 4 LRVs against MS2, 5 LRVs against HAdV2, and 3 LRVs against MN. Disinfection was similar regardless of whether sewage was present. Polymer beads delivering bromine to drinking water are a potentially effective and useful component of HWT methods in developing countries.

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28

Cromphout, Jan, Stefanie Goethals, and Liesbeth Verdickt. "Optimization of the ozone dosage at the drinking water treatment plant of Kluizen." Water Supply 13, no. 6 (September 12, 2013): 1569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.170.

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De Watergroep, a Flemish drinking water utility, aims to optimize the ozonation process at the Kluizen surface waterworks in order to obtain sufficient inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms while minimizing the formation of bromate. In literature, the inactivation of micro-organisms is described as a first order process in ozone exposure (ozone concentration multiplied by exposure time or CT value). In the full-scale plant, the ozone exposure was determined at different temperatures and ozone doses, and an empirical relation between ozone exposure, ozone dose and temperature was derived. Based on the results, the optimum ozone dose required to obtain a Log 2 removal of viruses and a Log 1 removal of Giardia was determined as a function of temperature. Bromate formation was found to be dependent on the ozone dose rather than on the CT value. Therefore, an empirical relation between bromate formation, ozone dose and temperature was established. Bromate formation was found to be far below the legal standard of 10 μg/L when the optimum ozone dose, required to achieve the disinfection goals for viruses and Giardia, is applied.

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29

Klaser, Teodoro, Jasminka Popović, José Fernandes, Serena Tarantino, Michele Zema, and Željko Skoko. "Does Thermosalient Effect Have to Concur with a Polymorphic Phase Transition? The Case of Methscopolamine Bromide." Crystals 8, no. 7 (July 21, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8070301.

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In this paper, we report for the first time an observed thermosalient effect that is not accompanied with a phase transition. Our experiments found that methscolopamine bromide—a compound chemically very similar to another thermosalient material, oxitropium bromide—exhibited crystal jumps during heating in the temperature range of 323–340 K. The same behavior was observed during cooling at a slightly lower temperature range of 313–303 K. Unlike other thermosalient solids reported so far, no phase transition was observed in this system. However, similar to other thermosalient materials, methscolopamine showed unusually large and anisotropic thermal expansion coefficients. This indicates that the thermosalient effect in this compound is caused by a different mechanism compared to all other reported materials, where it is governed by sharp and rapid phase transition. By contrast, thermosalient effect seems to be a continuous process in methscolopamine bromide.

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30

Park, Jeong, Steve D. Comfort, Patrick J. Shea, and Jong Sung Kim. "Increasing Fe0-Mediated HMX Destruction in Highly Contaminated Soil with Didecyldimethylammonium Bromide Surfactant." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 24 (December 2005): 9683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050948z.

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31

Dutt, Arun K., and S. C. Müller. "Bistability in an uncatalyzed bromate oscillator in a continuously fed stirred tank reactor." Journal of Chemical Physics 104, no. 2 (January 8, 1996): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470854.

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32

Wyncke, Bruneau, and François Bréhat. "Far-infrared reflectivity spectroscopy of cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide and their mixed crystals." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 12, no. 14 (March 21, 2000): 3461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/14/321.

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33

Kruszynski, Rafal, and Dariusz Wyrzykowski. "Tetrabutylammonium bromotrichloroferrate(III)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 5 (April 11, 2006): m994—m996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806012402.

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The Fe3+ centre in the complex anion of the title compound, [(C4H9)4N][FeBrCl3], is surrounded by three chloride anions and one bromide anion. The Br atom in [FeBrCl3]− is disordered, replacing Cl atoms. The Fe and N atoms lie on a twofold rotation axis.

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34

Yue, Chun Xiao, Jun Shen, Peng Ding, and Lan Fang Yao. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Fe³⁺-TiO₂-CTAB Nanostructured Films." Advanced Materials Research 924 (April 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.924.41.

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Fe3+-TiO2-CTAB nanostructured films were prepared by self-assembly technique, using surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The properties of the samples were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The crystalline phase of the sample calcined at 450°C is mostly anatase-TiO2 (A) accompanied by a small amount of rutile-TiO2 (R). No significant characteristic peaks of iron oxide were detected in the XRD patterns, it suggested that Fe3+ ions incorporated into the TiO2 skeleton and composed the mesoporous structures with TiO2 uniformly. Fe3+-TiO2-CTAB nanofilms exhibited higher photocatalytic activity under the effect Fe3+ of and CTAB.

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35

Alnajrani, Mohammed N., and Francis S. Mair. "Synthesis and characterization of β-triketimine cobalt complexes and their behaviour in the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 42 (2014): 15727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02196g.

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Cobalt II ions ligated byfac-κ³-β-triketimine ligands form bromide-bridged square-based pyramidal dimers which upon activation with MAO and fed with a constant supply of butadiene produce high-cis-1,4-polybutadiene with activities and molecular weights surpassing all previously seen for this metal.

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Boersig, Michael R., Preston Hartsell, and Joseph Smilanick. "Penetration and Sorption of Methyl Bromide in Returnable Plastic Containers." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0141.

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Methyl bromide (MB) penetration rates, sorption levels, and concentration.time (CT) products were compared in returnable plastic containers (RPCs) and corrugated grape boxes (CGBs). During a 2.5-hour fumigation, sorption of methyl bromide in RPCs and CGBs was 9.8% and 18.1%, respectively. The lower sorption in RPCs increased the exposure of grapes (Vitis vinifera) to MB. Equilibrium concentrations of MB (concentrations that had stabilized) in RPCs and CGBs were 68.2 and 59.2 g·m-3 (4.26 and 3.70 lb/1000 ft3) respectively. The CT products in RPCs and CGBs were 170.5 and 147.6 g·h-1·m-3 (10.66 and 9.19 lb/h/1000 ft3), respectively, and far below phytotoxic concentrations according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture schedule.

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37

Ridley, PER, HL Davies, and IN Southey. "The nutritive value of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.) and soft brome grass (Bromus mollis L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 6 (1986): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860665.

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Medium Peppin Merino wethers were fed, ad libitum, subterranean clover (cv. Woogenellup), rose clover (cv. Kondinin) and soft brome grass cut in September (spring), November (late spring) and January-February (summer). The nitrogen contents of the subterranean clover ranged from 1.89 to 3.13%, of the rose clover from 1.62 to 2.84% and of the soft brome from 0.42 to 2.86%. Mean daily organic matter intakes (kg) in spring, late spring and summer were respectively: for subterranean clover 0.78, 1.09 and 0.42; for rose clover 0.60, 0.87 and 0.62; for soft brome grass 0.87, 0.81 and 0.20. Organic matter digestibilities in spring, late spring and summer were, respectively: for subterranean clover 0.82 ,0.69 and 0.61; for rose lover 0.80, 0.62 and 0.54; for soft brome 0.83, 0.72 and 0.58. There were highly significant differences ( P < 0.001) in nitrogen balance between seasons. The estimated digestible energy intakes (MJ/day) in spring, late spring and summer were, respectively: for subterranean clover 12.7, 14.5 and 4.9; for rose clover, 9.2, 9.9 and 6.9; for soft brome, 13.6, 10.1 and 2.1. Within seasons there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in nitrogen balance between species. There were significant differences between species in mean retention time in the alimentary tract in late spring (P<0.001) and summer (P<0.001) but not in spring. There was a highly significant negative relationship between acid-detergent fibre content and both organic matter and fibre digestibilities. The superior digestible energy intakes of the 2 clovers explain at least some of the superior performance of sheep grazing clover compared with those grazing grass pastures.

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38

Keresztúri, Klára, and István Szalai. "Dynamics of bromate oscillators with 1,4-cyclohexanedione in a continuously fed stirred tank reactor." Chemical Physics Letters 428, no. 4-6 (September 2006): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.060.

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39

Muñiz, Kilian. "Metal-free catalytic vicinal diamination of alkenes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 4 (March 27, 2013): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-10-23.

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The development of an intramolecular vicinal diamination protocol using metal-free conditions is discussed. The reaction uses a bromide source to generate a Br(I) catalyst in situ from a benign terminal oxidant such as sodium chlorite. The reaction is of great scope and surpasses the transition-metal catalyses developed so far for these types of reactions.

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40

Mir, Z., J. A. Robertson, P. S. Mir, E. Z. Jan, and D. H. McCartney. "Effects of ammoniation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay, stored as large round bales on preservation and feed quality." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-090.

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Feeding trials with growing steers and digestibility trials with sheep were conducted during each of 3 yr in a split-split plot design, to compare the effects of anhydrous ammonia (2% wt wt−1, in plastic-covered stacks of large round bales) on preservation of brome-alfalfa and alfalfa hay harvested at < 20 and at 30% moisture with respective field cured (< 20% moisture) nonammoniated hays. Even after 14 wk of storage, the ammoniated high-moisture hays were free of visible molds. Dry matter (DM) recovery varied from 93.9 to 98.7% but was not affected by either moisture content or ammoniation. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.05) acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN, % total N) in high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay to 16.8 from 9.7% in nonammoniated hay. Within each type of hay, dry matter intake and average daily gain of growing steers were not affected by treatment. Feed efficiency was reduced (P < 0.05) in animals fed ammoniated high-moisture brome-alfalfa (11.2) but was improved (P < 0.05) in those fed ammoniated high-moisture alfalfa (9.8) when compared with the respective field cured hay (10.1 and 11.4). Compared to nonammoniated hay, ammoniating high-moisture brome-alfalfa hay had no effect on digestibilities of DM and acid detergent fiber (ADF) but decreased and increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. With alfalfa, ammoniation did not affect digestibilities of either low- or high-moisture hay. Rumen volatile fatty acid profiles were not influenced but rumen fluid pH was elevated in sheep fed ammoniated hays. Results indicate that anhydrous ammonia treatment effectively preserved high-moisture alfalfa without adversely affecting nutritional quality parameters. Key words: Ammonia, brome-alfalfa, alfalfa, cattle, sheep, digestibility

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Poros, Eszter, Krisztina Kurin-Csörgei, István Szalai, Gyula Rábai, and Miklós Orbán. "pH-oscillations in the bromate–sulfite reaction in semibatch and in gel-fed batch reactors." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 25, no. 6 (June 2015): 064602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921176.

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42

Tu, Chang Qing, and Xin Rong Wen. "Study on Flotation Separation and Determination of Mercury (II) by Sodium Bromide-Ammonium Thiocyanate-Octadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide System." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1957.

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The flotation separation and determination behaviours of mercury (Ⅱ) by sodium bromide -ammonium thiocyanide-octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide system were studied. The effects of different parameters,such as the dosages of NH4SCN and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (OTMAB),various salts and acidity etc. on the flotation yield of Hg2+have been investigated to select the experimental conditions.The results showed that in the presence of 1.0g NaBr and when the dosage of 0.1 mol/L NH4SCN was 0.50 mL and 0.01 mol/L OTMAB solution was 1.00 mL respectively, the formed water-insoluble ternary association complex of (OTMAB)2[Hg(SCN)4] floated above water phase and liquid-solid phases were formed with clear interface. In this condition, Cd2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Fe2+and Pb2+could not be floated and Hg2+could be floated quantitatively at pH2.0.Therefore, the quantitative separation of Hg2+from the above metal ions could be achieved. A new method of determination of trace mercury by flotation separation was established.The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of Hg2+in the sample of synthetic water and the flotation yield was 94.2%~97.9%.

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43

Bohnert, Jürgen A., Sabine Schuster, and Winfried V. Kern. "Pimozide Inhibits the AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump in Escherichia coli." Open Microbiology Journal 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2013): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801307010083.

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Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are attractive compounds to reverse multidrug-resistance in clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. In this study we tested the ability of the neuroleptic drug pimozide to inhibit the Escherichia coli AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, whose overproduction confers resistance to various antimicrobial agents. A real-time Nile red efflux assay in the AcrAB – overproducing strain 3-AG100 revealed that pimozide was capable of full inhibition of this pump at a concentration of 100 µM, which is far below its intrinsic MIC (>1mM). However, MIC assay demonstrated very little effect of pimozide with regard to reduction in MICs of various antimicrobial compounds. Only oxacillin MICs were reduced twofold in the presence of pimozide at 100 and 200 µM. Since pimozide did considerably enhance accumulation of ethidium bromide in a fluorescence assay, ethidium bromide MIC assays in the presence and absence of this putative EPI were performed. They revealed that pimozide was able to reduce the MICs of ethidium bromide by 4-fold. In line with previous reports we suggest that the capability of EPIs to restore the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents can be highly substrate-specific due to different substrate binding sites.

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44

von Glasow, R., R. von Kuhlmann, M. G. Lawrence, U. Platt, and P. J. Crutzen. "Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 24, 2004): 4877–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-4877-2004.

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Abstract. Recently several field campaigns and satellite observations found strong indications for bromine oxide (BrO) in the free troposphere. Using a global atmospheric chemistry transport model we show that BrO measurements mixing ratios of a few tenths to 2 pmol mol−1 lead to a reduction in the zonal mean O3 mixing ratio of up to 18% in widespread areas and locally even up to 40% compared to a model run without bromine chemistry. For dimethyl sulfide (DMS) the effect is even larger with up to 60% decreases. This is accompanied by dramatic changes in DMS oxidation pathways, reducing its cooling effect on climate. Changes in the HO2:OH ratio also cause changes for NOx and PAN. These results imply that a very strong sink for O3 and DMS has so far been ignored in many studies of the chemistry of the troposphere.

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45

Falk, Stefanie, and Björn-Martin Sinnhuber. "Polar boundary layer bromine explosion and ozone depletion events in the chemistry–climate model EMAC v2.52: implementation and evaluation of AirSnow algorithm." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 3 (March 28, 2018): 1115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1115-2018.

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Abstract. Ozone depletion events (ODEs) in the polar boundary layer have been observed frequently during springtime. They are related to events of boundary layer enhancement of bromine. Consequently, increased amounts of boundary layer volume mixing ratio (VMR) and vertical column densities (VCDs) of BrO have been observed by in situ observation, ground-based as well as airborne remote sensing, and from satellites. These so-called bromine explosion (BE) events have been discussed serving as a source of tropospheric BrO at high latitudes, which has been underestimated in global models so far. We have implemented a treatment of bromine release and recycling on sea-ice- and snow-covered surfaces in the global chemistry–climate model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) based on the scheme of Toyota et al. (2011). In this scheme, dry deposition fluxes of HBr, HOBr, and BrNO3 over ice- and snow-covered surfaces are recycled into Br2 fluxes. In addition, dry deposition of O3, dependent on temperature and sunlight, triggers a Br2 release from surfaces associated with first-year sea ice. Many aspects of observed bromine enhancements and associated episodes of near-complete depletion of boundary layer ozone, both in the Arctic and in the Antarctic, are reproduced by this relatively simple approach. We present first results from our global model studies extending over a full annual cycle, including comparisons with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite BrO VCDs and surface ozone observations.

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46

Wang, Yanhua, Chanjuan Gao, and Shengke Yang. "The association effect of quaternary ammonium salt on carboxymethyl cellulose and its analytical applications." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 6 (May 26, 2015): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.266.

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Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been extensively used in petroleum, geology, common household chemicals, food, medicine and other industries, owing to its excellent water-soluble, emulsifying, water retention and film forming properties. It is known as ‘industrial monosodium glutamate’. However, the research of the test method on CMC is far behind the research of its actual application value. This study showed that, weak acid or weak basic medium, the carboxyl groups dissociated from CMC, existing as a big negative ion, which can form ion-association complexes with some quaternary ammonium cations through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The absorption spectrum changes and Triton-X100 can increase the sensitivity of the system. The maximum absorption wavelengths are, respectively, about 256 nm for dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (LTAB), 244 nm for tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) and 240 nm for cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) with CMC. The reactions show very high sensitivities and the maximum molar absorption coefficients are 1.10 × 104 L/(mol·cm) for LTAB system, 1.24 × 106 L/(mol·cm) for TTAB system and 1.78 × 106 L/(mol·cm) for CTAB system. This method is simple and rapid, and can be applied for the spectrophotometric determination of trace CMC in the supernatant of centrifuged drilling mud.

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47

von Glasow, R., R. von Kuhlmann, M. G. Lawrence, U. Platt, and P. J. Crutzen. "Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 11/12 (December 8, 2004): 2481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2481-2004.

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Abstract. Recently several field campaigns and satellite observations have found strong indications for the presence of bromine oxide (BrO) in the free troposphere. Using a global atmospheric chemistry transport model we show that BrO mixing ratios of a few tenths to 2 pmol mol-1 lead to a reduction in the zonal mean O3 mixing ratio of up to 18% in widespread areas and regionally up to 40% compared to a model run without bromine chemistry. A lower limit approach for the marine boundary layer, that does not explicitly include the release of halogens from sea salt aerosol, shows that for dimethyl sulfide (DMS) the effect is even larger, with up to 60% reduction of its tropospheric column. This is accompanied by dramatic changes in DMS oxidation pathways, reducing its cooling effect on climate. In addition there are changes in the HO2:OH ratio that also affect NOx and PAN. These results imply that potentially significant strong sinks for O3 and DMS have so far been ignored in many studies of the chemistry of the troposphere.

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48

Binbrek, O. S., A. Anderson, and B. H. Torrie. "Raman and far infrared spectra of the two solid phases of methyl bromide: CH3Br and CD3Br." Journal of Chemical Physics 82, no. 3 (February 1985): 1468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448421.

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49

Changanaqui Barrientos, Katherina, Débora Elizabeth Alvarado Iparraguirre, and Hugo Arturo Alarcón Cavero. "Síntesis y caracterización de nanocompuestos Fe3 O4 /Ag: su efecto contra Enterobacter aerogenes y Enterococcus faecalis." Revista Colombiana de Química 48, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v48n2.73724.

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En el presente trabajo, se reporta la síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas magnéticas de magnetita/plata (Fe3O4/Ag) para el estudio de sus propiedades antibacterianas frente a las bacterias Enterobacter aerogenes (Gramnegativa) y Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positiva). Las nanopartículas magnéticas de magnetita (MNPs) se sintetizaron por el método de solgel, usando bromuro de cetiltrimetilamonio (CTAB) como surfactante. Posteriormente, en la dispersión coloidal de magnetita, se llevó a cabo la reducción química in situ de iones de plata, usando glucosa como agente reductor y polivinilpirrolidona (PVP) como agente dispersante, para obtener un nanocompuesto magnético Fe3O4/Ag. El análisis morfológico y espectroscópico de las nanopartículas de Fe3O4 y del nanocompuesto de Fe3O4/Ag fue realizado mediante la espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Raman, y Mössbauer (MS), además de la técnica de difracción de rayos X (DRX), la microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y espectroscopia de energía dispersiva de rayos X (EDS). Las nanopartículas de Fe3O4 resultaron esféricas con un diámetro medio de 10 nm y el nanocompuesto de Fe3O4/Ag con un tamaño medio de 28 nm, el test antibacteriano indicó que el uso del nanocompuesto de Fe3O4/Ag a una concentración de 5 mg·mL-1 permite una inhibición total del crecimiento de los microorganismos estudiados a partir de una concentración inicial 108 bacterias mL-1.

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50

Rizza, J. J. "Lithium Bromide and Water Thermal Storage System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268275.

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An analysis of a thermal storage system using a lithium bromide and water solution both as a refrigerant and as a storage material is considered. The proposed thermal storage system can be used to shift electric demand from periods of high demand to periods of low demand. The system is considered for both the summer cooling and winter heating season. The system’s evaporator and absorber are similar to that of a conventional heat-operated absorption refrigeration system; however, the generator heat is supplied by a self-contained electrically-driven vapor compression heat pump. The heat pump is operated during the off-peak period to recover the thermal storage by reprocessing the stored solution to a higher lithium bromide concentration. The water vapor liberated from solution in the generator is compressed and then condensed in the generator. The storage volumetric efficiency is determined and compared to storage systems based on water ice for the cooling season only and on a liquid water storage system for both cooling and heating. The storage volumetric efficiency of the proposed system is greater than or comparable to that of a thermal storage system based upon water ice and far exceeds the value for a thermal storage system based upon liquid water. The system can be constructed from standard HVAC components and appears to be a competitive alternative to a water ice storage system for summer cooling only, and it could be a competitive alternative to a liquid water system for combined summer and winter operations.

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