Journal articles: 'Fer hydroxyde'

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Fu, S., S. Gebicki, W. Jessup, J. M. Gebicki, and R. T. Dean. "Biological fate of amino acid, peptide and protein hydroperoxides." Biochemical Journal 311, no. 3 (November 1, 1995): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3110821.

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In the course of searching for a suitable marker for studying protein oxidation, we have successfully elucidated the structures of three valine hydroperoxides, i.e. beta-hydroperoxyvaline, (2S,3S)-gamma-hydroperoxyvaline and (2S,3R)-gamma-hydroperoxyvaline, which are novel products of protein oxidation. The corresponding valine hydroxides were obtained by sodium borohydride reduction [Fu, Hick, Sheil and Dean (1995) Free Rad. Biol. Med. 19, 281-292]. We hypothesized that valine hydroxides might be the major biological degradation products of valine hydroperoxides and, as such, could be useful markers for the study of protein oxidation in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of valine hydroperoxide in selected biological systems by the use of chemiluminescence detection of hydroperoxides and HPLC analysis of O-phthaldialdehyde derivatives of amino acid residues. The degradation of hydroperoxides present on gamma-radiolysed solutions of valine, Pro-Val-Gly, or BSA occurred in the presence of: (1) transition metals (Fe2+, Fe3+, or Cu2+), (2) the detoxifying enzyme GSH peroxidase, (3) human plasma, and (4) J774 mouse monocyte macrophage cells. The major degradation product of valine hydroperoxide recovered in each case was found to be a valine hydroxide. These results suggest that valine hydroxide (derived from the hydroperoxide) may well be a useful in vivo marker for studying protein damage under oxidative stress.

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Licsko, I. "Coagulation mechanisms - nano- and microprocesses." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0713.

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Possible coagulation mechanisms were studied in relatively high alkalinity model systems and surface waters. On the basis of available information, original laboratory experiments and simple calculation ere performed in order to show that the adsorption of Al3+ and Fe3+ ions is not the dominant process in decreasing the stability of suspended particles. The ions of the feeding coagulants hydrolyse within short time and form positively charged water soluble aluminium- or ferric hydroxides. Adsorption of these water soluble hydroxides onto the surface of colloids and quasi-colloid particles are restricted because of the quick completion of the hydrolysis process in relatively high alkalinity (>1.2 mmol/L) water. The result of complete hydrolysis of Al3+ or Fe3+ ions are slightly positively charged poorly water soluble aluminium or ferric hydroxide sols. The positively charged hydroxides and the associated water molecules are connected to each other by hydrogen bonds, providing a stabile structure. The hydrogen bonds provide the aggregation of slightly positively charged sol aggregation into flocs. Considering the repulsing forces among the sols, high numbers of individual sol particles (having nm sizes) are able adsorb onto the surface of suspended particles, changing their electrical charge and decreasing the stability of the colloids and quasi-colloid particles. This process is dominant in the destabilisation of suspended particles.

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Tünay, Olcay, Isik Kabdasli, and Rüya Tasli. "Pretreatment of Complexed Metal Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (May 1, 1994): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0494.

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This study investigates the applicability of hydroxide precipitation to complexed metal wastewaters using inorganic cations that may function as ligand sharing agents. Within this context Ca2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ and Mg2+ cations with the metals Cd and Cu and EDTA and NTA as ligands are used to define the systems for which theoretical and experimental evaluations are made. Results indicate that calcium is the only cation that effectively binds the ligands that makes it possible to apply the hydroxide precipitation. Fe2+ and Mn2+ are not effective due to their rapid oxidation. Mg2+ is found partly effective but may not be adequate for pretreatment purposes.

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Ikem, P. I., and A. Felix. "Growth response of lambs fed soybean straw treated with sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide." Small Ruminant Research 6, no. 4 (January 1991): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(91)90135-d.

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5

Richardson, S., and D. J. Vaughan. "Arsenopyrite: a spectroscopic investigation of altered surfaces." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 370 (April 1989): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.370.09.

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AbstractSurfaces of a natural sample of arsenopyrite (FeAsS) were oxidized by a range of inorganic oxidants, and the resultant surface alteration products studied using various spectroscopic techniques. The oxidants used were air during heating to relatively low temperatures (150°C), steam, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sulphuric acid. Electrochemical oxidation in water was also undertaken. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and spectral reflectance measurements, were used to characterize the surface compositions. New data are proposed for the binding energies of core electrons in arsenopyrite based on the fitted XPS spectra: 706.9 eV for the Fe 2p3/2 level, 161.2 eV for the S 2p level, and 40.7eV for the As 3d level. Spectroscopic analyses of the surfaces following oxidation indicated a range of iron oxides and hydroxides (Fe1−xO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, FeOOH and Fe(OH)3), arsenic oxides (As2O3 and As2O5), sulphur and iron sulphates (FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3). The relative proportions of the different phases present in the surface layer are related to the strength of the oxidant employed and, where relevant, the Eh/pH conditions prevalent during oxidation. The conclusions regarding the nature of the oxidation of arsenopyrite are discussed in relation to arsenopyrite extraction by flotation and leaching, and the breakdown of arsenopyrite in natural systems.

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Liu, Chang Jiu, Shi Juan Chen, Dan Ma, and Yan Wei Li. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Amorphous Nickel Hydroxide Codoped with Fe³⁺ and PO₄^3-." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1285.

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Amorphous nickel hydroxide powder codoped with Fe3+ and PO43- was synthesized by micro-emulsion precipitation method combined with rapid freezing technique. The microstructures of the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and Raman spectra. The electrochemical performance of the prepared samples was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge-discharge tests. The results showed that this amorphous nickel hydroxide codoped with Fe3+ and PO43- resulted in more structural defects within the nickel hydroxide. The Fe3+ and PO43- codoping could increase the specific discharge capacity and improve the electrochemical reversibility of the amorphous nickel hydroxide.

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Jiang, Xiao Qian, Hong Wen Ma, Ge Li, and Wen Gui Yao. "Preparation and Characterization of Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles from Dolomite-Talc Ore." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 900–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.900.

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Pure magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles were synthesized successfully from dolomite-talc ore via chemical precipitation. Carbonate minerals in dolomite-talc ore were dissolved with hydrochloric acid, and Fe2+ was oxidized to Fe3+, then Fe3+ and Al3+ were removed by adding ammonia to adjust pH to reach 6. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles with about 20nm thickness and lamella shape were obtained successfully when pH>10 in the presence of a nonionic surfactant polyethyleneglycol (PEG) with 3wt %, which reached by adding more ammonia. The XRD results show that the amorphous precipitate with 87% Fe2O3 generates at pH=6. However, CaMg2Cl6 (H2O)12 generates when pH = 7, then disappears with the increasing of pH. Mg(OH)2 appears at pH= 9 and pure Mg(OH)2 particle is obtained at pH > 10. Meanwhile, PEG plays an important role in the growth of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles.

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8

Boukila, B., J. R. Seoane, and J. F. Bernier. "Effects of dietary hydroxides on intake, digestion, rumen fermentation and acid-base balance in sheep fed a high-barley diet." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-055.

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Eight mature wethers fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square feeding trial to study the effect of dietary alkalis on digestive physiology of sheep fed a high-barley diet. The treatments were: C = control diet composed of 17% alfalfa meal and 83% concentrate, on as-fed basis; CA = control plus 1% Ca(OH)2; MG = control plus 0.79% Mg(OH)2; CAMG = control plus 0.5% Ca(OH)2 and 0.39% Mg(OH)2. Dry matter intake averaged 1.91, 2.54, 2.79, and 2.72% of BW for diets C, CA, MG and CAMG, respectively (P < 0.01). Digestible DM intake was also affected by the treatments and averaged 0.97, 1.26, 1.35 and 1.37 kg d−1 for C, CA, MG, and CAMG diets, respectively (P < 0.01). Apparent DM digestibility was higher in sheep fed the C diet than in those fed the other diets (P < 0.03) and it was inversely related to intake (P < 0.01). Total VFA concentration was lower in sheep fed C than in those fed the hydroxides (P < 0.01). Proportions of individual VFA were not altered by the diet except for isobutyrate which was higher in sheep fed the C diet (P < 0.01). Rumen NH3-N concentration was lower in sheep fed the hydroxide-containing diets than in animals fed the control diet (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen was lower for the C diet (P < 0.01). Plasma glucose tended to be lower for the C diet than for the other diets (P < 0.06). The control diet induced a mild form of systemic acidosis as indicated by the decrease in blood pH, HCO3− and base excess (P < 0.01). Addition of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 to the diet, alone or in combination, improved the systemic acid-base status of sheep and was associated with increased DM intake. Key words: Hydroxides, acid-base balance, rumen fermentation, sheep

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9

Bhagwat, Shrikant, Hema Singh, Anjali Athawale, Beatrice Hannoyer, Samuel Jouen, Benoit Lefez, Darshan Kundaliya, Renu Pasricha, Shailaja Kulkarni, and Satishchandra Ogale. "Low Temperature Synthesis of Magnetite and Maghemite Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.873.

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We report on the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles below 100 °C by a simple chemical protocol. The uniqueness of the method lies in the use of Ferrous ammonium sulphate (in conjugation with FeCl3) which helps maintain the stability of Fe2+ state in the reaction sequence thereby controlling the phase formation. Hexamine was added as the stabilizer. The nanoparticles synthesized at three different temperatures viz, 5°, 27°, and 95 °C are characterized by several techniques. Generally, when a mixture of Fe3+ and Fe2+ is added to sodium hydroxide, α-Fe2O3 (the anti-ferromagnetic phase) is formed after the dehydration process of the hydroxide. In our case however, the phases formed at all the three temperatures were found to be ferro (ferri) magnetic, implying modification of the formation chemistry due to the specifics of our method. The nanoparticles synthesized at the lowest temperature exhibit magnetite phase, while increase in growth temperature to 95 °C leads to the maghemite phase.

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10

Silva, Nuno João O., Angel Millan, Vitor S. Amaral, Fernando Palacio, Lianshe Fu, Luís D. Carlos, and V. de Zea Bermudez. "Iron Oxide and Oxide-Hydroxide Nanoparticles in Organic-Inorganic Matrices." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.142.

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Nanometric ferrihydrite, maghemite and magnetite particles formed within an organicinorganic hybrid matrix were obtained by the sol-gel process. In contrast to precipitation techniques, sol-gel process appears as suitable way to achieve size-controlled nanoscopic magnetic particles anchored in a hybrid structure. The hybrid matrix here reported, named di-ureasil, is composed of poly(oxyethylene) chains grafted to siloxane groups by means of urea cross-linkages. The formation of ferrihydrite particles was achieved incorporating iron nitrate during the sol-gel process, at low pH. The formation of maghemite takes place after the incorporation of a mixture of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions and treatment with an ammonia solution, after the sol-gel process. Magnetite nanoparticles are formed after the incorporation of Fe2+ ions and treatment with ammonia at 80°C. The AC magnetic susceptibility shows thermal irreversibility with a blocking temperature TB≈13K and ≈25K depending on frequency for the ferrihydrite and maghemite particles, respectively. The magnetite nanoparticles are blocked at room temperature. Above the irreversibility the magnetization of ferrihydrite and maghemite follows a Langevin function modified with a linear term, as found in antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic particles.

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11

Mills, S. J., A. G. Christy, J. M. R. Génin, T. Kameda, and F. Colombo. "Nomenclature of the hydrotalcite supergroup: natural layered double hydroxides." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 5 (October 2012): 1289–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.10.

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AbstractLayered double hydroxide (LDH) compounds are characterized by structures in which layers with a brucite-like structure carry a net positive charge, usually due to the partial substitution of trivalent octahedrally coordinated cations for divalent cations, giving a general layer formula [(M1–x2+M3+x)(OH)2]x+. This positive charge is balanced by anions which are intercalated between the layers. Intercalated molecular water typically provides hydrogen bonding between the brucite layers. In addition to synthetic compounds, some of which have significant industrial applications, more than 40 mineral species conform to this description. Hydrotalcite, Mg6Al2(OH)16[CO3]·4H2O, as the longest-known example, is the archetype of this supergroup of minerals. We review the history, chemistry, crystal structure, polytypic variation and status of all hydrotalcite-supergroup species reported to date. The dominant divalent cations,M2+, that have been reported in hydrotalcite supergroup minerals are Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn; the dominant trivalent cations,M3+, are Al, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni. The most common intercalated anions are (CO3)2–, (SO4)2–and Cl–; and OH–, S2–and [Sb(OH)6]– have also been reported. Some species contain intercalated cationic or neutral complexes such as [Na(H2O)6]+or [MgSO4]0. We define eight groups within the supergroup on the basis of a combination of criteria. These are (1) the hydrotalcite group, withM2+:M3+= 3:1 (layer spacing ∼7.8 Å); (2) the quintinite group, withM2+:M3+= 2:1 (layer spacing ∼7.8 Å); (3) the fougèrite group, withM2+= Fe2+,M3+= Fe3+in a range of ratios, and with O2– replacing OH– in the brucite module to maintain charge balance (layer spacing ∼7.8 Å); (4) the woodwardite group, with variableM2+:M3+and interlayer [SO4]2 –, leading to an expanded layer spacing of ∼8.9 Å; (5) the cualstibite group, with interlayer [Sb(OH)6]– and a layer spacing of ∼9.7 Å; (6) the glaucocerinite group, with interlayer [SO4]2– as in the woodwardite group, and with additional interlayer H2O molecules that further expand the layer spacing to ∼11 Å; (7) the wermlandite group, with a layer spacing of ∼11 Å, in which cationic complexes occur with anions between the brucite-like layers; and (8) the hydrocalumite group, withM2+= Ca2+andM3+= Al, which contains brucite-like layers in which the Ca:Al ratio is 2:1 and the large cation, Ca2+, is coordinated to a seventh ligand of 'interlayer' water.The principal mineral status changes are as follows. (1) The names manasseite, sjögrenite and barbertonite are discredited; these minerals are the 2H polytypes of hydrotalcite, pyroaurite and stichtite, respectively. Cyanophyllite is discredited as it is the 1M polytype of cualstibite. (2) The mineral formerly described as fougèrite has been found to be an intimate intergrowth of two phases with distinct Fe2+:Fe3+ratios. The phase with Fe2+:Fe3+= 2:1 retains the name fougèrite; that with Fe2+:Fe3+= 1:2 is defined as the new species trébeurdenite. (3) The new minerals omsite (IMA2012-025), Ni2Fe3+(OH)6[Sb(OH)6], and mössbauerite (IMA2012-049), Fe3+6O4(OH)8[CO3]·3H2O, which are both in the hydrotalcite supergroup are included in the discussion. (4) Jamborite, carrboydite, zincaluminite, motukoreaite, natroglaucocerinite, brugnatellite and muskoxite are identified as questionable species which need further investigation in order to verify their structure and composition. (5) The ranges of compositions currently ascribed to motukoreaite and muskoxite may each represent more than one species. The same applies to the approved species hydrowoodwardite and hydrocalumite. (6) Several unnamed minerals have been reported which are likely to represent additional species within the supergroup.This report has been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association, voting proposal 12-B.We also propose a compact notation for identifying synthetic LDH phases, for use by chemists as a preferred alternative to the current widespread misuse of mineral names.

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12

Cudennec, Yannick, and André Lecerf. "Étude des mécanismes de formation des oxy-hydroxydes de fer ; hypothèses de transformations topotactiques." Comptes Rendus Chimie 6, no. 4 (April 2003): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0748(03)00069-9.

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13

Buts, Y., V. Asotskyi, O. Kraynyuk, and R. Ponomarenko. "Influence of technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin on the geochemical migration of heavy metals." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111829.

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The study of geochemical aspects of the transformation of migration properties of heavy metals under the influence of anthropogenic loading of pyrogenic origin has been given insufficient attention. We studied the concentration of heavy metals in soils by atomic absorption analysis. The results indicate the transformation of their migration properties. The diversity and versatility of behaviour of chemical elements in environmental components after fire was noted. In different ecological conditions, it is possible to observe a wide range of quantitative values of geochemical migration or accumulation of any particular chemical element. The analytical results show that the contents of migrant elements, pH values, areas of disasters which are approximately in the same conditions, but passed by the grass or upper fire differ quite tangibly. Heavy metals that hit the environment can form difficult soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution, there is a probability of the formation of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions by metals. The range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmicdiagrams. On the basis of the calculations it can be argued that the influence of technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin influences the geochemical migration of heavy metals . Compounds Fe3+ at the pH = 4.5-14, Cu2+ at pH = 7-14, Cr2+ at pH = 7-9, Zn2+ at pH= 8-11, Ni2+ at pH = 8-14 have the lowest migration potential. Compounds Pb2+ at pH = 9-12, Fe2+ - pH = 9.5-14 have the lowest migration potential also. In a more acidic environment, soluble substances are formed, but at a pH increase of only 0.5-1, they can decrease their mobility by an order of magnitude which contributes to their concentration in the soils after the fire. In a neutral soil reaction, most of the heavy metals (Al, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe (II), Ni) are in a slightly soluble form (in the form of hydroxides), with insignificant, migration capacity which leads to the accumulation of these chemical elements in the soil. It is necessary to allocate heavy metals moving in a neutral environment (Fe (II), Cd, Co, Mg, Mn) into a separate group. Any increase in pH values contributes to their fixation. The obtained calculations can be used to predict the geochemical migration of heavy metals in soils which result from anthropogenic disasters of a pyrogenic origin.

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Kennedy, S., and D. A. Rice. "Renal Lesions in Cattle Fed Sodium Hydroxide-treated Barley." Veterinary Pathology 24, no. 3 (May 1987): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588702400311.

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Ten 14-week-old calves were fed a diet containing 87.5% NaOH-treated barley, and killed after 29, 65, 71, 117, 140, 179, 314, 338, and 408 days. Eight control calves were fed a diet in which untreated rolled barley was substituted for alkali-treated grain. Calves receiving NaOH-treated barley became polyuric with urine pH ranging from 9.0 to 9.5, and had significantly raised plasma creatinine levels on day 29. Other clinical findings were normal, and there were no other significant alterations in blood. At necropsy, bilateral renal lesions consisted of white cortical foci, medullary stippling, and the presence of uroliths in the renal papillae and calyces. Microscopic changes included tubular dilatation, atrophy, necrosis, and mineralization, interstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell invasion and consequent glomerular changes. It appeared that glomerular and interstitial changes were secondary to primary tubular damage. No abnormalities were detected in control calves. Feeding of NaOH-treated barley can result in nephrotoxicosis in cattle.

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Sun, Li Hua, Tian Min Yu, Xue Ru Chen, Xiao Lu Qi, and Ya Jun Zhang. "Influencing Factors of the In Situ Formed Iron Hydroxide (FeO_xH_y) on the Removal of Phosphate by Coagulation and Adsorption." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1772.

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This study prepared the in situ formed iron hydroxide (in situ FeOxHy) by the interactions between Fe3+ and OH- at different molar ratios of 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The influences of molar ratios and pH on the removal of phosphate were investigated and the surface of in situ FeOxHy before and after adsorption was analyzed. The phosphate removal rate with mass unit iron hydroxide is greater at the molar ratios of 1:3 between Fe3+ and OH-. The phosphate removal rate is maximum at the pH 6~7. The compatibility of iron hydroxide towards raw water pH value is better when the proportion of hydroxyl ion is greater. The disposal effect is good at the pH 4~9. The iron hydroxide formed at different molar ratios is not definitive shape and it can remove phosphate by the chemical action of adsorption and sedimentation.

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Barge, Laura M., Erika Flores, Marc M. Baum, David G. VanderVelde, and Michael J. Russell. "Redox and pH gradients drive amino acid synthesis in iron oxyhydroxide mineral systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 11 (February 25, 2019): 4828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812098116.

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Iron oxyhydroxide minerals, known to be chemically reactive and significant for elemental cycling, are thought to have been abundant in early-Earth seawater, sediments, and hydrothermal systems. In the anoxic Fe2+-rich early oceans, these minerals would have been only partially oxidized and thus redox-active, perhaps able to promote prebiotic chemical reactions. We show that pyruvate, a simple organic molecule that can form in hydrothermal systems, can undergo reductive amination in the presence of mixed-valence iron oxyhydroxides to form the amino acid alanine, as well as the reduced product lactate. Furthermore, geochemical gradients of pH, redox, and temperature in iron oxyhydroxide systems affect product selectivity. The maximum yield of alanine was observed when the iron oxyhydroxide mineral contained 1:1 Fe(II):Fe(III), under alkaline conditions, and at moderately warm temperatures. These represent conditions that may be found, for example, in iron-containing sediments near an alkaline hydrothermal vent system. The partially oxidized state of the precipitate was significant in promoting amino acid formation: Purely ferrous hydroxides did not drive reductive amination but instead promoted pyruvate reduction to lactate, and ferric hydroxides did not result in any reaction. Prebiotic chemistry driven by redox-active iron hydroxide minerals on the early Earth would therefore be strongly affected by geochemical gradients of Eh, pH, and temperature, and liquid-phase products would be able to diffuse to other conditions within the sediment column to participate in further reactions.

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Kim, Min-Sung, Tae-Hyun Kim, Young Sun Seo, Jae-Min Oh, and Jin Kuen Park. "A novel synthesis of an Fe3+/Fe2+ layered double hydroxide (‘green rust’) via controlled electron transfer with a conducting polymer." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 24 (2017): 7656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt00731k.

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We demonstrate one simple way to produce crystalline green rust by controlling the electron transfer properties of a conducting polymer with a polyanionic macromolecule and the formation mechanism has been studied.

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Li, De Cai, Zhi Li Zhang, and Shao Lan Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Fe₃O₄@Au Nanoparticles Used as Precursor of Ferrofluids." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.415.

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The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared through co-precipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ with ammonium hydroxide. The initially obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles were then coated by gold in solution of chloroauric acid through connecting of 3-aminopropyropyl thriethoxysilane (3-APTES) and the obtained Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles were further characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). During the process, the influences of chloroauric acid, reducing agent, coupling agent and nanoparticles of Fe3O4 were studied. The results showed that core-shell structure Fe3O4@Au particles have diameters of about 20nm in size synthesized from sodium citrate as reducing agent with 10.08 emu/g of saturation magnetization.

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Н.А., Мистратова, Гуревич Ю.Л., Теремова М.И., and Колесник А.А. "ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ГИДРОКСИДА ЖЕЛЕЗА ПРИ РАЗМНОЖЕНИИ RIBES NIGRUM L. ЗЕЛЕНЫМИ ЧЕРЕНКАМИ." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 11 (November 25, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2019-11-16-23.

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Представлены результаты применения при размножении смородины черной (Ribes nigrum L.) зелеными черенками растворов индолил-3-уксусной кислоты и этого же раствора с введением трех модификаций наночастиц биогенного гидроксида железа. Испытаны коллоидные наночастицы «чистого» ферригидрита (Feh) и ферригидрита, допированного алюминием (Feh_Al) и кобальтом (Feh_Co). При обработке черенков раствором ИУК+Feh_Со процент окоренения составил 100 %. Добавление к стимулятору Feh и ферригидрита, допированного алюминием (ИУК+Feh_Al), повлекло снижение показателя корнеобразования – 47 и 73 % соответственно. Учет биометрических параметров на второй год исследований при выкопке саженцев показал, что среднее количество побегов на вариантах с применением суспензий наночастиц ниже либо на уровне контроля. Использование Feh незначительно повысило среднее количество побегов – 3,4 шт. При учете средней длины побегов отмечено увеличение данного показателя на всех вариантах опыта с применением биогенного ферригидрита – 41,9–52,7 см. Больший процент стандартных саженцев получен при использовании растворов наночастиц – 75–100 % растений 1-го и 2-го товарных сортов. Среди изучаемых модификаций наночастиц гидроксида железа выделился вариант ИУК+Feh_Co, с использованием которого процент окоренения и качество посадочного материала были наибольшими по сравнению с контролем и другими вариантами опыта: ризогенез составил 100 %, выход саженцев товарных сортов – 81,3 %, из них 50 % – 1-й сорт и 31,3 % – 2-й сорт. Эффективность наночастиц Feh и Feh_Al может быть увеличена путем подбора концентраций и времени экспозиции черенков в растворах с индолил-3-уксусной кислотой.

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Richardson, S., and D. J. Vaughan. "Surface alteration of pentlandite and spectroscopic evidence for secondary violarite formation." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 370 (April 1989): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.370.08.

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AbstractSynthetic pentlandite surfaces were subjected to oxidation by a range of inorganic oxidants, and the resultant alteration of the surface studied by a range of surface-sensitive spectroscopic techniques. The oxidants used were air during heating to relatively low temperatures (150°C), steam, ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sulphuric acid. Electrochemical oxidation was also undertaken. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), and spectral reflectance measurements were used to characterize the surface compositions. New data for the binding energies of core electrons in pentlandite and violarite, based on the fitted XPS spectra, are proposed. For pentlandite and violarite respectively, values of 707.3 eV and 708.4 eV for the Fe 2p3/2, 853.0 eV and 853.2 eV for the Ni 2p3/2, and 161.2 eV for the S 2p in both sulphides, were obtained. After oxidation the pentlandite surfaces indicated nickel enrichment in the subsurface, with the formation of violarite. The immediate oxidized surface, of approximately 10Å thickness, indicated a range of iron oxides and hydroxides (Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and FeOOH, with possible Fe1−xO and Fe(OH)3), nickel oxide (NiO), and iron sulphates (FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3). The proportions of the phases present in the surface layer are inferred to be a consequence of both the strength of the oxidant employed, and the thermodynamic stability of the phases, as can be illustrated using partial pressure and Eh/pH diagrams. A sequence of oxidation is proposed, accounting for the sub-surface enrichment in violarite, and the development of the oxidized surface, which is inferred to have a major affect on the rates of oxidation.

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Gao, Yibo, Zhenzhen Zhao, Huimin Jia, Xiaotong Yang, Xiaodong Lei, Xianggui Kong, and Fazhi Zhang. "Partially reduced Ni2+, Fe3+-layered double hydroxide for ethanol electrocatalysis." Journal of Materials Science 54, no. 23 (August 28, 2019): 14515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03964-0.

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Greger, J. L., Elizabeth T. Gum, and Elizabeth N. Bula. "Mineral metabolism of rats fed various levels of aluminum hydroxide." Biological Trace Element Research 9, no. 2 (March 1986): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02916516.

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Acar, Turkan Ormanci, Sevgi Gunes Durak, and Nese Tüfekci. "Effects of fulvic acid and ferric hydroxide on removal of Fe2+ and Mn2+ by oxidation and aerated/submerged ultrafiltration membrane system." Water Supply 17, no. 6 (May 10, 2017): 1712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.033.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of fulvic acid (FA) and ferric hydroxide on the Fe2+ and Mn2+ removal by oxidation and aerated/submerged membrane systems. Firstly, the oxidation kinetics of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in the presence of FA and ferric hydroxide are discussed and then the contribution of the oxidation step in membrane experiments is determined. All experiments are conducted with synthetic drinking water and the concentration of contaminants is determined by characterization of two different drinking water sources in the city of Istanbul: Ömerli Dam Lake and Danamandıra Village groundwater. The addition of ferric hydroxide helps to mitigate fouling and enhances the rejection of Mn2+ by up to 90% by developing a secondary filtration layer on the membrane surface which has been considered a challenge in drinking water treatment plants.

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Kameda, Tomohito, Eisuke Kondo, and Toshiaki Yoshioka. "Equilibrium and kinetic studies of Se(vi) removal by Mg–Al layered double hydroxide doped with Fe2+." RSC Adv. 4, no. 106 (2014): 61817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11645c.

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Refait, Philippe, Julien Duboscq, Kahina Aggoun, René Sabot, and Marc Jeannin. "Influence of Mg2+ Ions on the Formation of Green Rust Compounds in Simulated Marine Environments." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd2010003.

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Green rust compounds (GR), i.e., Fe(II-III) layered double hydroxides, are important transient compounds resulting from the corrosion of steel in seawater. The sulfated variety, GR(SO42−), was reported as one of the main components of the corrosion product layer, while the chloride variety, GR(Cl−), was more rarely observed. The carbonate variety, GR(CO32−), is favored by an increase in pH and forms preferentially in the cathodic areas of the metal surface. Since Mg(II) is abundant in seawater, it may have a strong influence on the formation of GR compounds, in particular as it can be incorporated in the hydroxide sheets of the GR crystal structure. In the present work, the influence of Mg2+ on the precipitation reaction of GR(SO42−) was investigated. For that purpose, Mg2+ was substituted, partially or entirely, for Fe2+. The GR was then prepared by mixing a solution of FeCl3·6H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, NaCl, FeCl2·4H2O and/or MgCl2·4H2O with a solution of NaOH. The precipitation of the GR was followed or not by a 1-week aging period. The obtained precipitate was characterized by X-ray diffraction. It was observed that Mg(II) favored the formation of chloride green rust GR(Cl−) and magnetite Fe3O4 at the detriment of GR(SO42−). The proportion of GR(Cl−) and Fe3O4 increased with the Mg(II):Fe(II) substitution ratio. Without Fe(II), the precipitation reaction led to iowaite, i.e., the Mg(II)-Fe(III) compound structurally similar to GR(Cl−). It is forwarded that the presence of Mg2+ cations in the hydroxide sheets of the GR crystal structure is detrimental for the stability of the crystal structure of GR(SO42−) and favors the formation of other mixed valence Fe(II,III) compounds.

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Abend, S., and G. Lagaly. "Bentonite and double hydroxides as emulsifying agents." Clay Minerals 36, no. 4 (December 2001): 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855013640009.

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AbstractThe use of solid-laden emulsions (Pickering emulsions) provides an interesting alternative to normal emulsions because the need for organic surfactants is removed or reduced. Combination of a bentonite with a layered double hydroxide represents an effective emulsifying system and provides high stability against coalescence. Solid contents as low as 0.1% (w/w, related to the total mass of the emulsion) are sufficient to prepare very stable O/W emulsions; the mass ratio of hydroxide/bentonite is not critical but should vary between 0.25 and 4 (corresponding to mass fractions of the hydroxide between χ = 0.2 and 0.8). With large hydroxide contents, stabilization is mainly caused by the envelope of hydroxide particles around the oil droplets. This shell provides a mechanical barrier against coalescence, typical of Pickering emulsions described so far. Addition of increasing amounts of bentonite provides an additional stabilization by building-up a threedimensional network consisting of both types of particles spanning the coherent phase. A high storage modulus at mass fractions of the hydroxide between 0.2 and 0.8 indicates high flexibility for the inorganic framework which is considered to be an important factor in the high stability of these emulsions.

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Teixeira Junior, Donizeti, Regis Luis Missio, Mariana Paula Rossi Sforcini, Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira, Viviane Borba Ferrari, and Rafael Ferreira Santos. "Productive performance of dairy cows fed with hydrolyzed sugarcane." Ciência Rural 45, no. 10 (October 2015): 1848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131605.

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This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of dairy cows fed with sugarcane treated with 5g kg-1 of calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. Eight Holstein cows with 638.01±12.52kg of body weight and milk yield of 20.32±1.5kg d-1 were randomly assigned into two 4x4 Latin squares, fed with the following diets composed of corn silage (CS), fresh sugarcane (FS), sugarcane treated with calcium oxide (STCO) or calcium hydroxide (STCH) as only forage. Data collection lasted five days, after 15 days of adaptation to diets and facilities. The dry matter intake (% of body weight) was higher in diets with CS (3.08) compared to those with FS (2.67), STCO (2.73) or STCH (2.73), which did not differ. Diets with CS determined milk production adjusted for 4% fat (20.05kg d-1) similar to diets containing STCO and STCH (18.01 and 17.89kg d-1, respectively) and higher than those with FS (17.33kg d-1). The experimental diets did not alter the composition of milk. The use of sugarcane treated with Ca(OH)2 is a viable option for feeding Holstein cows with average genetic potential for milk production because it allows production and composition similar to milk dairy cows fed with corn silage, besides benefiting the logistics of feeding in the rural properties.

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Welch, Mark D., and Anthony R. Kampf. "Stoichiometric partially-protonated states in hydroxide perovskites: the jeanbandyite enigma revisited." Mineralogical Magazine 81, no. 2 (April 2017): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.099.

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AbstractThe original description of the hydroxide perovskite jeanbandyite gives a formula (Fe1–x3+,□x)(Sn1–y,□y) (OH)6 (□= vacancy), which implies the possibility of stoichiometric vacancies at B and B' sites. The validity of this formula has been questioned subsequently. Furthermore, jeanbandyite has metrically a cubic unit cell, but it is optically uniaxial. It is clear that a structure determination is needed to clarify the nature of this enigmatic mineral. Previous studies could find no crystals of sufficient quality for structure determination using X-ray diffractometers available at the time. Crystals of jeanbandyite from Hingston Down, Cornwall, UK and the type locality Llallagua, Bolivia, have been found that are of a quality that allows structure refinement by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural data for crystals from each locality are presented that clarify the nature of jeanbandyite and raise some interesting questions concerning the significance of partially deprotonated states in perovskite-type structures. The structures of both jeanbandyite crystals are cubic with space group Pn3 and unit-cell parameters a = 7.658(2) Å (Llallagua) and 7.6427(2) Å (Hingston). The octahedral tilt system is a+a+a+ and corresponds to that of the aristotype of BB'(OH)6 hydroxide double perovskites. Structure determination demonstrates that B is very Fe3+-rich and B' is filled by Sn, thereby requiring revision of the general jeanbandyite formula to Fex3+Fe(1–x)2+Sn(OH)(6–x)Oxfor 1≥ × > 0.5, with an ideal end-member formula Fe3+Sn(OH)5O. As such, jeanbandyite corresponds to oxidized natanite with partially deprotonated oxygen sites. This stoichiometry cannot be represented in space group Pn3̄ for the observed unit cell as it implies more than one non-equivalent oxygen atom. Consequently, it is inferred that there is no long-range ordering of deprotonated oxygen sites. It is, however, conceivable that the uniaxial optical character of jeanbandyite is linked to the local short-range order of deprotonated domains.

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Patel, Mayank, Nick Hill, Charles A. Mullen, Sampath Gunukula, and William J. DeSisto. "Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Pretreated with Magnesium Formate and Magnesium Hydroxide." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13194995.

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Kraft lignin (Indulin AT) pretreated with magnesium formate and magnesium hydroxide was fast-pyrolyzed in a continuously fed, bench-scale system. To avoid fouling issues typically associated with lignin pyrolysis, a simple laboratory test was used to determine suitable ranges of magnesium hydroxide and formic acid to lignin for feeding without plugging problems. Various feedstock formulations of lignin pretreated with magnesium hydroxide and formic acid were pyrolyzed. For comparison, calcium formate pretreated lignin was also tested. The organic oil yield ranged from 9% to 17% wt % on a lignin basis. Carbon yields in the oil ranged from 10% to 18% wt % on a lignin basis. Magnesium formate pretreatment increased oil yield and carbon yield in the oil up to 35% relative to the higher 1:1 g magnesium hydroxide/g lignin pretreatment. However, a lower magnesium hydroxide pretreatment (0.5:1 g magnesium hydroxide/g lignin) resulted in oil yields and carbon yields in the oils similar to the magnesium formate pretreatments. Magnesium formate pretreatment produced more oil but with a higher oxygen content than calcium formate under the same conditions. The GC-MS analysis of product oils indicated that phenols and aromatics were more prevalent in pyrolyzed magnesium-formate-pretreated lignin.

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Ahn, Ji Whan, Jung Ah Kim, Kwang Suk You, Hwan Kim, Hee Chan Cho, and Im Chan Lee. "The Effect of Initial Hydration Temperature on the Characteristics of Calcium Hydroxide and Aragonite Precipitated Calcium Carbonate." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.815.

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Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) is obtained through three processes; that of calcination, hydration, and carbonation. Thus, changes in each process condition determine the particle size or morphology of the mediums (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) as well as the product (PCC). To date, studies concerning precipitated calcium carbonate have mainly focused on the carbonation process, aimed at the manufacturing of PCC. Thus far, few studies on calcination or hydration have been conducted. Calcium hydroxide is regarded as the most important factor during the carbonation process. It is obtained through a hydration process. Therefore, in order to create the valuable PCC studies that center on the hydration process should be carried out. The present study seeks to investigate the effect of the hydration condition, particularly the temperature, on the synthesis characteristics of calcium hydroxide and aragonite PCC. The results show that the particle size of calcium hydroxide changes with variations in the initial hydration temperature. In particular, a higher initial temperature resulted in a larger particle size of the calcium hydroxide used in the synthesis. The particle size and yield of aragonite also increased when calcium hydroxide created at high temperatures was used. However, the water/solid ratio or total amount at the hydration time had no effect on the manufacturing process of aragonite.

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31

Davenport, G. M., J. A. Boling, and N. Gay. "Bioavailability of magnesium in beef cattle fed magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide." Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 11 (1990): 3765. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1990.68113765x.

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32

Namasivayam, C., and A. Kanagarathinam. "Distillery wastewater treatment using waste Fe3+/Cr3+hydroxide sludge and polymer flocculants." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 27, no. 7 (October 1992): 1721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529209375822.

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33

Zhao, Yun, Teng Wang, Brian P. Setzler, Reza Abbasi, Junhua Wang, and Yushan Yan. "A High-Performance Gas-Fed Direct Ammonia Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." ACS Energy Letters 6, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1996–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00370.

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34

Wang, Jirong, Xiaolin Xie, Zhigang Xue, Christophe Fliedel, and Rinaldo Poli. "Ligand- and solvent-free ATRP of MMA with FeBr3 and inorganic salts." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 7 (2020): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01840a.

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A new cost-effective and safe protocol for the bulk ATRP of MMA uses FeBr₃, EBrPA and an inorganic compound (carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, hydroxide, chloride, bromide) of an alkali metal cation.

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35

Vidhya, M. Sangeetha, G. Ravi, R. Yuvakkumar, Dhayalan Velauthapillai, M. Thambidurai, Cuong Dang, and B. Saravanakumar. "Nickel–cobalt hydroxide: a positive electrode for supercapacitor applications." RSC Advances 10, no. 33 (2020): 19410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01890b.

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36

Tolstoi, V. P., and I. V. Stepanenko. "Redox Reactions in the Layer of Adsorbed Fe2+ and CrO 4 2− Ions and Synthesis of Fe3+-Cr3+ Double Hydroxide Nanolayers by Ionic Deposition." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 75, no. 1 (January 2005): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11176-005-0170-9.

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Dolníček, Zdeněk. "Recentní vznik limonitové bahenní železné rudy v Hulíně (niva řeky Moravy)." Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie 28, no. 2 (2020): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46861/bmp.28.412.

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There is described a new occurrence of mud limonite iron ore in this paper. Limonite originates recently in streams situated in flood plain of the Morava River near Hulín (central Moravia, Czech Republic). The chemical composition of precipitated limonite indicates that a contamination of subterranean waters by phosphorus, arsenic and some transitional metals (Cr, Zn) occurs here, very probably due to long-lasting intense agricultural usage of the surrounding fields. Based on experimental precipitation of limonite from local well water, a probable mechanism of formation of limonite was outlined. The Fe2+ ions, dissolved in the subterranean waters, are after their seepage into the stream oxidized by aerial oxygen to Fe3+, which is subsequently hydrolysed and precipitated in form of solid iron hydroxide. An important role of microorganisms and/or organic matter during precipitation of limonite is not suggested by collected data.

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38

Jin, Yi. "Recovering Obliterated Engraved Vehicle Identify Number on Aluminum Engine Surfaces by Alkaline Etching Technique." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.786.

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Chemical etching, which is the most sensitive method to recover obliterated serial numbers on metal surfaces. This paper studied the method of recovering obliterated engraved vehicle identify number on aluminum engine surfaces by alkaline etching technique. Experiment research indicates that 25% sodium hydroxide solution not only can recovering original vehicle identify numbers on aluminum engine effectively, but also is easier to prepare and lower volatilizable than traditional method which uses acid solution. With the popularization of aluminum engine in motor engine, the method using sodium hydroxide solution to recovery has far-reaching application prospects, especially in the robbery cases involving vehicle identify numbers juggled.

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Vekeman, Jelle, Javier Torres, Cristina Eugenia David, Els Van de Perre, Karl Martin Wissing, Emmanuel Letavernier, Dominique Bazin, Michel Daudon, Agnieszka Pozdzik, and Frederik Tielens. "In Search of an Efficient Complexing Agent for Oxalates and Phosphates: A Quantum Chemical Study." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071763.

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Limiting gastrointestinal oxalate absorption is a promising approach to reduce urinary oxalate excretion in patients with idiopathic and enteric hyperoxaluria. Phosphate binders, that inhibit gastrointestinal absorption of dietary phosphate by the formation of easily excretable insoluble complexes, are commonly used as a treatment for hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease. Several of these commercially available phosphate binders also have affinity for oxalate. In this work, a series of metallic cations (Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe3+ and La3+) is investigated on their binding affinity to phosphate and oxalate on one side and anionic species that could be used to administer the cationic species to the body on the other, e.g., acetate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, formate, hydroxide and sulphate. Through quantum chemical calculations, the aim is to understand the competition between the different complexes and propose possible new and more efficient phosphate and oxalate binders.

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Santoso, Uripto Trisno, Abdullah, Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti, Dahlena Ariyani, and Joyo Waskito. "Room Temperature Synthesis of Magnetite Particles by an Oil Membrane Layer-Assisted Reverse Co-Precipitation Approach." Advanced Materials Research 1162 (April 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1162.41.

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Reverse co-precipitation (RCP) in ambient atmosphere is one of the strategies to produce magnetite nanoparticles in a rapid, simple, and cost-effective synthesis route without applying temperature surfactants or inert gases. However, RCP of ferrous/ferric blended salt in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution in an oxidizing medium produced of maghemite as a dominant phase rather than magnetite because of the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ happened. Based on this background, an oil membrane layer-assisted reverse co-precipitation approach has been examined to synthesis of magnetite in ambient atmosphere at room temperature. The result showed that although addition of benzene as an oil membrane layer was effective to prevent oxidation of magnetite to maghemite, but the magnetite particle size for the samples from the oil membrane layer-assisted reverse co-precipitation method was much larger than that from a reverse co-precipitation method without addition of oil membrane layer.

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41

Mansbridge, R. J., J. S. Blake, and H. H. Spechter. "The effect of increasing starch intake and source in supplements fed in a complete diet to dairy cows on total dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition, and fatty acid content of milk fat when supplements were fed in complete diets or three times a day." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027720.

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Dietary starch can increase milk protein and reduce milk fat content, but when fed in single meals may cause problems with rumen stability. To overcome the risk of acidosis, complete diet feeding or reducing the rate of starch degradation (by feeding sodium hydoxide treated whole wheat rather than ground wheat) may provide solutions. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that feeding high levels of cereals alters fatty acid composition of body fat (Garton et al 1972), and similar changes may occur in milk fat.Ninety six multiparous Holstein cows were fed grass silage to appetite and supplements designed to provide increasing amounts of wheat starch either as wheat ground to pass through a 3 mm screen (GW) or as sodium hydroxide treated whole wheat (STW), prepared by adding 30 kg sodium hydroxide per tonne of wheat plus water to bring the total dry matter to 700 g/kg, and stored for 5 days before feeding.

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Li, Yan, Hongjuan Li, Mingyang Yang, Xuexia He, Ping Ni, Liping Kang, and Zong-Huai Liu. "Topochemical synthesis of Ni2+–Fe3+ layered double hydroxides with large size." Applied Clay Science 52, no. 1-2 (April 2011): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.01.028.

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Han, Sheng, Jinzuan Wang, Shuang Li, Dongqing Wu, and Xinliang Feng. "Graphene aerogel supported Fe5(PO4)4(OH)3·2H2O microspheres as high performance cathode for lithium ion batteries." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 17 (2014): 6174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14585a.

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Three-dimensional (3D) macroporous graphene aerogel-supported Fe₅(PO₄)₄(OH)₃·2H₂O (iron(iii) hydroxide phosphate dihydrate) microspheres (GA/IHPDs) have been fabricated by the hydrothermal mineralization of Fe³⁺ and PO₄³⁻ ions in the presence of graphene oxide (GO).

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Dako, Timea, Mihai Pop, Julia Fulop, Janos Kantor, and Monica Monea. "The Use of Calcium Hydroxide as an Intracanal Medicament in the Treatment of Large Periapical Lesions. A Review." Acta Medica Transilvanica 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amtsb-2020-0033.

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AbstractCalcium hydroxide is a slow-acting antiseptic substance used in several forms for the last century in various fields of dentistry. Its applications in endodontics are by far the most meaningful including the treatment of root resorptions and perforations, inducing the apexification process, and most importantly as intracanal medicaments representing a crucial step in the nonsurgical management of large periapical lesions. The aim of this article is to conduct a review of the properties, antimicrobial effect, combination with adjuvant substances, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and adverse effects of calcium hydroxide-based dressings as an additional manoeuvre in the conservative treatment of chronic apical periodontitis and to draw attention on the importance of this extra step.

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Sreekar Reddy, K., S. Nithiyanantham, G. Geetha, R. Annie Sujatha, and S. Mahalakshmi. "Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Fe2+ Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles." Journal of Materials and Applications 8, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jma.2019.8.1.8.

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Tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO2) were synthesized by a sol-gel method. And tin tetra chloride (SnCl4) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were used as the precursor. NH4OH maintain the homogeneity and stoichiometry of solution through pH. The obtained powder subjected to calcination about 110oC. The obtained samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and UV-Visible spectroscopy. From the characterizations it is confirmed that the tetragonal structure and the particles are small and nanosizes, The O-H stretching and C=C bending stretching with chemical compositions are analyzed. The improved conduction properties through lower bandgap and the results are further interpreted and discussed.

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46

Ahmed, Ahmed F., Peter D. Constable, and Nabil A. Misk. "Effect of an orally administered antacid agent containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide on abomasal luminal pH in clinically normal milk-fed calves." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220, no. 1 (January 2002): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.74.

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47

Paikaray, Susanta, Joseph Essilfie-Dughan, and M. Jim Hendry. "Ionic substitution of Mg2+ for Al3+ and Fe3+ with octahedral coordination in hydroxides facilitate precipitation of layered double hydroxides." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 220 (January 2018): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.10.003.

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48

Grégoire, Brian, Christian Ruby, and Cédric Carteret. "Hydrolysis of mixed Ni2+–Fe3+ and Mg2+–Fe3+ solutions and mechanism of formation of layered double hydroxides." Dalton Transactions 42, no. 44 (2013): 15687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3dt51521d.

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49

Boukari, Y., G. Matejka, B. Parinet, and P. Simon. "La mise à l'équilibre des eaux tropicales : conséquences sur la déferrisation." Revue des sciences de l'eau 1, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705016ar.

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L'étude de l'équilibre calco-carbonique d'une eau souterraine de l'Afrique de l'Ouest par la méthode de LEGRAND et POIRIER, a conduit à la détermination des conditions de traitement pour neutraliser l'agressivité naturelle de l'eau, due essentiellement à une forte teneur en acide carbonique et réduire ainsi son caractère corrosif. le problème de l'évolution du fer présent en relation avec la mise à l'équilibre a été également étudiée. L'application réalisée sur un pilote de laboratoire a permis d'optimiser les principales étapes du traitement, c'est-à-dire l'addition d'une base forte, la précipitation et la filtration des hydroxydes ferriques qui se forment à la suite de la neutralisation de l'acide carbonique.

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Kameda, Tomohito, Eisuke Kondo, and Toshiaki Yoshioka. "Kinetics of Cr(VI) removal by Mg–Al layered double hydroxide doped with Fe2+." Journal of Water Process Engineering 4 (December 2014): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2014.09.011.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fer hydroxyde'

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