Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fermentation anaérobie'
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Dedenon, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude de la fermentation anaérobie des pailles et des fumiers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10111.
Full textMeraz, Rosa Laura. "Décharge contrôlée et production de biogaz : étude expérimentale et modélisation sur un site industriel et à l'échelle pilote." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT037G.
Full textGhimire, Anish. "Dark fermentative biohydrogen production from organic waste and application of by-products in a biorefinery concept." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1197/document.
Full textLow biohydrogen (H2) yields and use of process by-products from dark fermentation (DF) of waste biomass is limiting its scaled-up application. This study aims to investigate the effects of culture pH, combination of substrate concentration and culture pH, pre-treatment of substrate and inoculum adaptation in H2 yields during the DF of three different wastes biomass. The study showed that the biodegradability of the substrates is important for the selection and application of optimum operational parameters aimed at enhancing H2 production. Moreover, long-term operational feasibility and stability of dark fermentative H2 production was demostrated using food waste and cheese whey in two semi-continuous thermophilic DF reactors. The effect of organic loading rates (OLRs), hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and co-substrates (buffalo manure) addition as a source of alkalinity on culture pH and H2 production stability was discussed. The study showed that combination of OLR, HRT and co-substrate addition could play an important role in the culture pH and stability of H2 production. Furthermore, the by-products of DF process was utilized for H2 production via photo fermentation (PF), while the waste stream generated from coupling of DF and PF processes was converted to methane in anaerobic digestion (AD). The three-step conversion of food waste in a biorefinery concept increased the total energy yields. Moreover, PF also showed a good potential for concomitant production of H2 and polyhydroxybutyrate (biopolymer). Likewise, dry fermentation could be promising to a biorefinery concept based on waste biomass for the production of bioenergy and biochemicals (organic acids and alcohols)
Turon, Violette. "Coupling dark fermentation with microalgal heterotrophy : influence of fermentation metabolites mixtures, light, temperature and fermentation bacteria on microalgae growth." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS201/document.
Full textGrowing microalgae in heterotrophic mode present several advantages over autotrophic mode such as a higher productivity in terms of biomass and lipids for biofuels production. Nevertheless, this process is limited by the production cost associated with the organic substrate (i.e. glucose) and fermenters sterilization costs. Dark fermentation effluents, mainly composed of acetate and butyrate, could be used as a low-cost medium to grow microalgae heterotrophically or mixotrophically. The aims of this PhD were i) to optimize microalgae growth on various mixtures of fermentations metabolites using the presence or absence light and different cultivation temperatures and ii) to assess the feasibility of using unsterilized fermentation effluents. First, a model based on mass balance was built to characterize heterotrophic growth rates and yields when Chlorella sorokiniana and Auxenochlorella protothecoides were supplemented with different mixtures of acetate and butyrate. Results showed that the acetate:butyrate ratio and the butyrate concentration per se were two key parameters for promoting heterotrophic growth. Then, further studies showed that the presence of light and the use of suboptimal temperature (30 °C) could reduce the butyrate inhibition on growth by either triggering autotrophic production of biomass or enhancing growth on acetate. Finally, it was shown that microalgae could outcompete fermentation bacteria for acetate when growing on raw dark fermentation effluents, thanks to a fast algal growth on acetate (1.75 d-1) and a drastic change of culture conditions to the detrimental of bacterial growth
Chezeau, Benoit. "Production de biohydrogène par fermentation sombre : cultures, impact des hétérogénéités spatiales et modélisation d’un bioréacteur anaérobie." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC098/document.
Full textThe global energy trends are currently dominated by a massive use of fossil non-renewable energy sources which are progressively depleting. In this way, the production of second-generation biohydrogen production from organic wastes by the dark fermentation process offers, therefore, an attractive solution to diversify the present energy mix. Within this framework, the aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the efficiency of the mixing process on dark fermentation. The conditions of mechanical agitation (mixer type, mixing speed) and the viscosity of the digestate (which depends on the variability of influent substrate concentration) are, indeed, among the abiotic factors that have been the most disregards up to now in this bioprocess. For example, mixing plays a key role because agitation conditions must ensure on the one hand the homogenization of the liquid phase enriched in bacteria, in organic substrate, in soluble metabolites, and in soluble biogas, and in the other hand promote liquid-to-bacteria and liquid-to-gas mass transfer. However, to reach the desired degree of mixing, two constraints must be faced: firstly, an acceptable level of mechanical stress must be maintained on the microbial consortium, and secondly, mechanical power input due to mixing must comply with the economic sustainability of the process. In this work, the combined effects of digestate viscosity and agitation conditions on the fermentative biohydrogen production in the bioreactor were studied first. Experimental results highlighted a significant effect of these factors on biohydrogen productivity which could be expressed as function of the purely hydrodynamic dimensionless Reynolds number and of the prevailing flow regime. Hydrogen production was maximized in the transition region between laminar and turbulent flow conditions. Secondly, experimental measuring methods of mixing time (conductimetric, chemical decolorization and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence techniques) and mass transfer (dynamic deaeration/aeration) were implemented in the same conditions of viscosity and agitation conditions so as to investigate the possible limiting steps that could explain the trends observed in the mixed cultures. The results proved that mixing and liquid-gas transfer was slower than hydrogen production rate only in the laminar flow regime, while low production rate under turbulent flow conditions might stem from an interaction between turbulent eddies and bacterial aggregates. Then, the flow field in the bioreactor was simulated using a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methodology and analyzed experimentally using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) to determine the characteristic turbulent length scales and to compare them to the characteristic size of the bacterial aggregates. Local measurements confirmed the assumptions made from average values derived from power input data. Finally, a modified ADM1 model (Anaerobic Digestion Model N°1) was developed to simulate the biohydrogen production, accounting for lactate ions and non-ideal mixing, under batch and continuous culture conditions. Simulations fairly agree with experimental data in both modes of cultures assuming perfect mixing condition. As a conclusion, the present work as a whole confirms that digestate viscosity and mixing conditions constitute key parameters that must be considered for process optimization and for the scale-up of dark fermentation
Beligon, Vanessa. "Valorisation d'acides gras volatils issus de fermentation anaérobie par la production de lipides microbiens, précurseurs de biodiesel." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22687/document.
Full textA great part of the global production of energy vectors and chemicals comes from fossil fuels refinery. Because of the increase in oil price and their environmental impacts, the search for alternative, ecological and economic solutions is a current challenge. The replacement of oil with biomass as raw material for the production of fuels and chemicals is the driving force for the development of biorefinery complexes.This study is part of a project aiming at the biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass for hydrogen and microbial lipids as biodiesel precursors. This work focuses on the biomass and lipids production step by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus using volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon sources, which are synthesized during the anaerobic fermentation step. Yeast cultures have initially been realized using a model substrate, acetate, and fed-batch and continuous modes. The determination of the influence of different operating parameters on the biomass and lipids production led to the development of fed-batch cultures which kinetics, productivities and yields were competitive with those reported in the literature for cultures on simple substrates. A growth and lipid production model was built from these data to predict the behavior of the strain during continuous cultures and to obtain high lipid and biomass productivities. Finally, cultures were conducted using VFAs from anaerobic fermentation supernatant. The results confirmed the growth of these yeasts on this particular substrate and the production of lipids which composition was compatible with use as biodiesel
Arnoux, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude du métabolisme énergétique de Propionibacterium acidi-propionici : caractérisation des métabolismes anaérobie et aérobie." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD323.
Full textThis work is a part of an industrial project for the development of a propionic ferment, natural preservative of the bakery products. A culture medium is developed to obtain a fast growth and a high concentration of Propionibacterium acidi-propionici. We characterize the anaerobic metabolism of P. Acidi-propionici on glucose with the dry weight bacteria, propionic and acetic acids production. The dry weight bacteria/glucose (Yx/s) is (70 +- 1) g/M, this characterize a high energetic yield. The propionic acid/glucose yield (Yp/s) is (1,14 +- 0,04) MIM. The max : (0. 18 +- o. 01) h-1 allows a specific production rate of propionic acid (Qp) of (2,0 +- 0,2) mM/g. H. The inhibition constant of the growth by the product (Kp) is 4 mM/l of indissociated propionic acid. Ln aerobic conditions, these bacteria use the oxygen as electrons acceptor, then the propionic acidis not synthesized and the acetic acid becomes the major product allows with the unexpected synthesis of the a-cetoglutaric acid. The max is (0,19 +- o,01) h-1, Yx/s : (116 + 2) g/M hence 70 % more high than the anaerobic yield. We estimate the A TP/glucose yield to (9. 1 +- 0,4) M/M. The optimal performances of a production process of propionic ferments on a 40 g/l glucose medium, inoculated with 10 % v. /v. After 30 growth hours are : in anaerobic conditions: 20 g/l of propionic acid and 20 g/l of dry weight bacteria with a Qp = 1,2 mM/g. H ; in aerobic conditions: 30 g/l of dry weight bacteria which, after an anaerobic shift, have a Qp = 1,5 mM/g. H
Vier, Edith. "Réacteur à microsable fluidisé pour l'étude des cinétiques de fermentation anaérobie : cas d'acides volatils simples et d'un substrat composé." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20070.
Full textM'Laouhi, Amor. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'optimisation des principaux paramètres de la méthanogénèse anaérobie pour la production d'énergie : application à la fermentation d'effluents bovins." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0308.
Full textAlonso, Maria Silvia. "Étude des cinétiques de la dégradation anaérobie des acides volatils en réacteur fluidisé fermé : influence de la température." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20040.
Full textBriand, Xavier. "Prolifération de l'algue verte Ulva sp. En baie de Lannion, France : étude d'une nuisance et de son traitement par fermentation anaérobie." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10070.
Full textPessiot, Jérémy. "Développement d'une unité pilote de bioraffinerie permettant la mixogenèse en continu à partir de la biomasse non alimentaire via la fermentation anaérobie mésophile." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22524.
Full textFossil oil reserves are decreasing, oil prices are fluctuating, and the CO 2 released by oil consumption contributes to global warming. These are driving our society towards increased use of biomass for energy, chemical compounds and other materials. Minimizing waste has been seen as a concern associated with alternative energy efforts. Contrary to expectation, increasing organic waste can be beneficial for alternative energy efforts, because it would result in large amounts of organic resources that can be potential raw materials. Moreover, using waste as a resource for bioenergy production does not compete with human or animal food or agricultural surfaces, and that is one of the greatest challenges facing biotechnology. Using waste as a resource for biomolecule production would thus be an interesting approach to reducing waste in the environment and producing renewable materials. Under specific conditions, detrital biomass can be converted into biomolecules of interest by microorganisms. Anaerobic fermentation techniques represent promising engineering processes for accomplishing the dual goals of waste reduction and renewable biomolecule production for biofuel and green chemistry markets. On the other hand, innovative fermentation processes are necessary for the strong, successful, cost-effective and eco-friendly production of bulk chemicals from renewable resources. In this context, AFYREN company was thought and founded to answer this world challenge through its “all in one” technology, AFYNERIE, which is inspired from the nature and sciences. The first objective of this thesis, heart of the AFYNERIE process, was to study the performances of anaerobic microorganisms, in the form of pure strains or of consortia for the valorization of more or less complex substrata via a process of failed methanogenesis. For that purpose, it was necessary to consider, already at the laboratory scale, a projection in the industrial world. Then, we demonstrated the capacities of the microbial diversity to produce platform molecules from real agro-industrial by-products in sterile and then non sterile mode. This study leaned in parallel on the characterization and the dynamics of involved microbial populations. Then, the accumulation of metabolites, which are at the same time inhibitory and of interest, in fermentative media in batch mode and with competitive yields, resulted in the necessity of surpassing these limitations by the passage in a continuous mode. To do this, a process consisted of a biocompatible extraction of synthons stemming from the operation of fermentation was implemented according to different mode of realizations. This coupling of single operations, in the form of extractive fermentation, delivered promising results while builds in a frame of biorefinery and industrial ecology which tightens towards a “zero waste”. Finally, contrary to the other emergent technologies, to take place in a drop-in approach, biology and chemistry were associated. The purpose was to illustrate the versatility of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in terms of industrial applications and to realize the proof of concept of the transformation of the non-food biomass in biomolecules of energy and chemical interest. These works allowed to underline key points of the scale-up of AFYNERIE process and to glimpse perspectives fundamental as well as applied perspectives. This technological brick, due to its multi-inputs / multi-products philosophy, coupling fermentation-extraction-synthesis, allows to introduce the transition to the pilot stage of an innovative process compatible with a future biobased economy
Bastidas, Oyanedel Juan-Rodrigo. "Thermodynamic based modelling of biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20016/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with thermodynamic based modelling of metabolic shifts during acidogenic fermentation. Acidogenic fermentation is an anaerobic process of double purpose: while treating organic residues, it produces chemical compounds, such as hydrogen, ethanol and organic acids. Therefore, acidogenic fermentation arises as an attractive biotechnology process towards the biorefinery concept. Moreover, this process does not need sterile operating conditions and works under a wide range of pH.Changes of operating conditions produce metabolic shifts, inducing variability on acidogenic product yields. In order to study these metabolic shifts, an experiment design was based on reactor headspace N2-flushing (gas phase) and pH step changes (liquid phase). A major result was the hydrogen yield increase from 1 to 3.2 (molH2/molglucose) at pH 4.5 and N2-flushing of 58.4 L/d. This yield is close to the theoretical acidogenic value (4 molH2/molglucose).The thermodynamic model, based on the assumption that acidogenic fermentation is characterised by limited energy available for biological process, allowed to explain the mechanisms that govern hydrogen metabolic shifts, showing that the synthesis of extra hydrogen, i.e. yield of 3.2 (molH2/molglucose), was due to reverse H2/NAD+ redox reaction, which is thermodynamically feasible at low hydrogen partial pressures (e.g. 0.02 bar). Moreover, low hydrogen yields were explained by the action of homoacetogenesis hydrogen consuming reaction. However, the model was not capable to explain the metabolic shifts of acetate, butyrate and ethanol on acidogenic glucose fermentation
Avlianou, Arapinis Hélène. "Suivi analytique en paramètres conservatifs : DCO et CT du fonctionnement de systèmes d'épuration ou de valorisation d'effluents mettant en oeuvre la fermentation anaérobie en biogaz." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120052.
Full textLefebvre, Jérôme. "Modélisation des systèmes membranaires à micro-organismes immobilisés. Etude de l'évolution spatio-temporelle et des paramètres influençant ces systèmes." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES037.
Full textRafrafi, Yan. "Impact des facteurs biotiques sur le réseau métabolique des écosystèmes producteurs d’hydrogène par voie fermentaire en culture mixte." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20249/document.
Full textNowadays mixed cultures are considered as a serious alternative to pure cultures in biotechnological processes. Mixed cultures can be operated continuously, under unsterile conditions and from various organic substrates. One of the most constraints remains the chronic instability of the mixed culture processes due to the presence of unwanted metabolic pathways resulting from complex microbial interactions. More particularly the role of bacteria in low abundance remains to be elucidated. Therefore this work consisted initially to determine the contribution of sub-dominant bacteria to fermentative hydrogen production using a chemostat continuously fed with a glucose-based medium. Seven inocula were grown under the same operating conditions. Interestingly, Clostridium pasteurianum was found as dominant in six assays on seven at steady state. Only the minority bacterial population differed with regards to their identity and diversity. Acting as true keystone species, these minority bacteria impacted substantially the metabolic network of the overall ecosystem despite their low abundance. In a second step, this work consisted in using some of these minority species as Ecological Engineers of Microbial Ecosystem (EEME). In order to study this aspect, the structure of a hydrogen-producing microbial community has been artificially modified by adding exogenous bacterial strains with redundant functions and/or complementary native strains. Results in batch reactors have shown that the hydrogen production performances could be improved to a 3.5 factor by the addition of certain strains. Results obtained can not be explained by simple trophic interactions and suggest the presence of interaction mechanism of cooperation among microorganisms. Moreover, under more favourable operating conditions (inoculum, culture medium), the addition of certain species in low abundance could stabilize the metabolism of microbial ecosystem without necessarily favourably affect the hydrogen production. In all cases, competitive interactions were not favourable for hydrogen production. Trials were then realised in continuous reactors. These trials have shown that the method used to implant strains in reactors could be a key factor for using the EEME.As a conclusion, this study has shown the potential to use exogenous bacteria, in minority proportions, as biotic factors to stabilised and/or guides microbial metabolisms to functions of interest within microbial mixed cultures
Burel, Catherine. "Le contrôle de la digestion anaérobie des eaux usées : signification des différents paramètres de la méthanisation : choix du débit de biogaz comme indicateur de fonctionnement." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI229.
Full textGharsallah, Néji. "Mise au point d'un procédé de valorisation et de dépollution des eaux usées des huileries (margines) : production de protéines d'organismes unicellulaires par culture aérobie de levure : production de biogaz par fermentation anaérobie." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI264.
Full textAuer, Lucas. "Vers la maîtrise des communautés microbiennes lignocellulolytiques : impact de la source d'inoculum et du prétraitement du substrat sur le fonctionnement des communautés." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0050/document.
Full textLignocellulose is the main component of vegetal cell wall and is thus the most abundant biopolymer on Earth. Its conversion into industrially relevant molecules is of concern to reduce fossil resources consumption. In the dedicated carboxylates platform, lignocellulose conversion relies on the metabolic potential of microbial consortia, but lignocellulose transformation rates can still be improved, despite substrate pretreatment approaches. In order to improve these rates, we here tested the transformation capacities of microbial communities originated from cow rumen and termite guts. 16S sequencing was used to characterize the effects of inoculum source and substrate pretreatment on the selected communities’ functioning. It allowed the comparison between obtained communities, but also between their dynamics during lignocellulose transformation. Culture conditions appeared to have a strong effect on the selected communities, which presented high similarities despite differences between initial inocula. Finally, communities associated to lignocellulose degradation showed marked dynamics, with a strong decrease in diversity indexes and the dominance of a few bacterial populations during the degradation maximum
Monlau, Florian. "Application of pretreatments to enhance biohydrogen and/or biomethane from lignocellulosic residues : linking performances to compositional and structural features." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20178/document.
Full textIn the future, various forms of renewable energy, such as second generation biofuels from lignocellulosic residues, will be required to replace fossil fuels. Among these, biohydrogen and methane produced through fermentative processes appear as interesting candidates. However, biohydrogen and/or methane production of lignocellulosic residues is often limited by the recalcitrant structure and a pretreatment step prior to fermentative processes is often required. Up to date, informations on lignocellulosic characteristics limiting both hydrogen and methane production are limited.Therefore, this work aims to investigate the effect of compositional and structural features of lignocellulosic residues on biohydrogen and methane performances for further developping appropriate pretreatments strategies. Firstly, a panel of twenty lignocellulosic residues was used to correlate both hydrogen and methane potentials with the compositional and structural characteristics. The results showed that hydrogen potential positively correlated with soluble carbohydrates only. Secondly, methane potential correlated negatively with lignin content and, in a lesser extent, with crystalline cellulose, but positively with the soluble carbohydrates, amorphous holocelluloses and protein contents. Pretreatments strategies were further developed to enhance both hydrogen and methane production of sunflower stalks. Dilute-acid and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments, which were found efficient in solubilizing holocelluloses into soluble carbohydrates, were applied prior to biohydrogen potential tests. By combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment, hydrogen potential was fifteen times more than that of untreated samples. On the contrary, hydrogen production was inhibited after dilute-acid pretreatments due to the release of byproducts (furfural, 5-HMF and phenolic compounds) that led to microbial communities shift toward no hydrogen producing bacteria. Similarly, methane production, five thermo-chemical pretreatments (NaOH, H2O2, Ca(OH)2, HCl and FeCl3) found efficient in delignification or solubilization of holocelluloses, were considered. Among these pretreatments, the best conditions were 55°C with 4% NaOH for 24 h and led to an increase of 29-44 % in methane potential of sunflower stalks. This pretreatment condition was validated in one stage anaerobic mesophilic continuous digester for methane production and was found efficient to enhance from 26.5% the total energy produced compared to one stage-CH4 alone. Two-stage H2 (batch) / CH4 (continuous) process was also investigated. Nevertheless, in term of energy produced, no significant differences were observed between one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2 /CH4
Bousserrhine, Noureddine. "Étude de paramètres de la réduction bactérienne du fer et application à la déferrification de minéraux industriels." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10408.
Full textCreti, Christian. "Fermentation méthanique et désulfuration de gaz par voie bactérienne : proposition d'un bioréacteur de désulfuration, optimisation des deux opérations du procédé." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066309.
Full textDesvaux, Mickaël. "La fermentation de la cellulose par Clostridium cellulolyticum : métabolisme modèle d'un Clostridium cellulolytique mésophile." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0174_DESVAUX.pdf.
Full textSo far carbon metabolism of Clostridium cellulolyticum, a mesophilic cellulolytic anaerobic bacteria, has been only investigated with cellobiose. In batch with cellulose, this bacterium appears sensitive to the acidification while in pH-control culture the growth arrest results from a high entering carbon flow leading to the accumulation of intracellular inhibitory compound(s). The metabolic flux analysis in chemostat fed with cellulose under limited or saturated conditions of carbon and/or ammonium showed (i) the carbon entry was regulated by the cellulosome (ii) the longer the cellodextrin incorporated into the cell is, the more the glucose 1-phosphate is generated (iii) the phosphoglucomutase control the orientation of the flux towards glycolyse (iv) the glycogen buffer the carbon surplus (v) the pyruvate metabolic node is of key importance in electronic and energetic fluxes regulation (vi) the metabolic fluxes remain always lower with cellulose than those obtained with cellobiose
Roy, Francis. "Fermentation méthanique des déchets glucidiques solides et des lipides : expérimentations en fermenteurs pilotes : caractérisation de bactéries anaérobies strictes réalisant la Béta-oxydation des acides gras à longues chaînes." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10045.
Full textClarens, Manuel. "Etude de la fermentation de l'acétate par une bactérie méthanogène acétoclaste : Methanosarcina sp. MSTA-1." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0030.
Full textRosenfeld, Eric. "Réponse à l'oxygène de saccharomyces cerevisiae en conditions de fermentation alcoolique (modèle oenologique). Etude des voies de consommation d'oxygène." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20125.
Full textChowdhury, Iffat. "Étude des interactions entre la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et des bactéries anaérobies strictes, contaminants de la bière, de type Pectinatus et Megasphaera." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10053.
Full textArroua, Boussad. "Caractérisation des interactions entre les bactéries de réservoirs pétroliers et les interfaces eau-hydrocarbures-roche." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3053/document.
Full textThe Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a potentially useful technology to improve the efficiency of oil extraction. This technique utilizes microorganisms and/or their metabolites (biosurfactants, polymers, biomass…etc.) to recover oil from reservoirs. However, the lack of basic knowledge about physiology and metabolic capacities of reservoir microorganisms is a major obstacle for the development of this approach. The objective of this work was to study the physiology of indigenous reservoir microorganisms by determining their metabolic capacities, their growth conditions and their taxonomic position. For this, three activities related to MEOR: (1) hexadecane degradation; (2) biofilm formation and (3) biosurfactant production were evaluated on 84 anaerobic bacterial strains isolated exclusively from several petroleum reservoirs. These isolates belong to two metabolic groups: sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and anaerobic fermentative bacteria. This study gives a picture of the diversity of indigenous strains possessing proper activities for MEOR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified two new species of fermentative bacteria: SRL 4223 and SRL 4209, capable of producing biosurfactants. Characterization of these isolates revealed that the strain SRL 4223 had all the phenotypic and genetic characteristics allowing its classification as a new genus named Pleomorphochaeta caudata and the strain SRL 4209 was affiliated as a new species of this genus
Grobost, Béatrice. "Identification de 32 souches de bacilles à gram positif asporulés anaérobies stricts : comparaison des tests conventionnels et des galeries d'identification rapide." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P066.
Full textLoubière, Pascal. "Caractérisation physiologique de la fermentation acétogène de Eubacterium limosum : limitation du flux carbone et mécanismes d'inhibition." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0012.
Full textFadlalla, Mohamed Elyaman. "Rétention, transport de matière et conversion dans un réacteur transpaille." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20124.
Full textSoccol, Carlos Ricardo. "Physiologie et métabolisme de rhizopus en culture solide et submergée en relation avec la dégradation d'amidon cru et la production d'acide L (+) lactique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD490.
Full textSaucedo-Castañeda, Gerardo. "Contrôle du métabolisme de "Schwanniomyces castellii" cultivé sur support solide." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20272.
Full textLaouali, Mahaman Sani. "Mise au point d'une filière complète de traitement des eaux usées urbaines de régions tropicales : digesteur à biomasse fixée, lagunages à Microphytes et à Macrophytes, production piscicole." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20141.
Full textSabourin, Guillaume P. "Augmentation de la production d'hydrogène par l'expression hétérologue d'hydrogénase et la production d’hydrogène à partir de résidus organiques." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2714.
Full textThe search for alternative energy sources with low environmental impact is in great expansion. Hydrogen, an elegant and simple energy transporter, could serve as means of transporting energy in the future. An ideal solution to the increasing energy needs would imply a renewable production of hydrogen. Out of all the existing possibilities for such a process, the biological production of hydrogen, also called biohydrogen, is an excellent alternative. Hydrogen is the end result or co-product of many pathways in bacterial metabolism. However, such pathways usually show low yields of substrate to hydrogen conversion, which prevents the development of efficient production processes. For example, when hydrogen is produced via nitrogenase under photofermentation conditions, each hydrogen molecule produced requires 4 molecules of ATP, rendering the process very energetically inefficient. Purple non-sulfur bacteria are highly adaptive organisms that can grow under various conditions. According to recent genomic analyses, Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas palustris possess, within their genome, an FeFe hydrogenase that would allow them to produce hydrogen via dark fermentation quite efficiently. Unfortunately, very little information is known on the regulation of the synthesis of this enzyme or the various pathways that require it. An overexpression of this hydrogenase could potentially increase the yields of substrate to hydrogen conversion. This study aims to increase our knowledge about this FeFe hydrogenase by overexpressing it in conditions that facilitate the production of hydrogen. The use of organic waste as substrate for hydrogen production will also be studied.