Academic literature on the topic 'Fermentation in pilot-scale operators'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fermentation in pilot-scale operators"
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Lin, Chiu-Yue, Shu-Yii Wu, Ping-Jei Lin, Jo-Shu Chang, Chun-Hsiung Hung, Kuo-Shing Lee, Feng-Yuan Chang, Chen-Yeon Chu, Chin-Hung Cheng, and Chyi-How Lay. "Pilot-scale hydrogen fermentation system start-up performance." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 24 (December 2010): 13452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.123.
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KENNEDY, LAWRENCE D., DENISE E. JANSSEN, MICHAEL J. FRUDE, and MICHAEL J. BOLAND. "An Independent Pilot-Scale Fermentation Facility for Recombinant Microorganisms." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 646, no. 1 Recombinant D (December 1991): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb18600.x.
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Guadalupe-Daqui, Mario, and Andrew J. MacIntosh. "Rapid Beer Fermentation: The Effect of Vacuum Pressure on a Pilot Scale Lager Fermentation." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 77, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610470.2019.1669416.
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Cho, Kyung-Min, and Sae-Eun Oh. "Performance of Pilot-scale Anaerobic Hydrogen Fermentation Using Food Waste." Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33768/ksue.2018.18.2.193.
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Durand, A., R. Renaud, S. Almanza, J. Maratray, M. Diez, and C. Desgranges. "Solid state fermentation reactors: From lab scale to pilot plant." Biotechnology Advances 11, no. 3 (January 1993): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(93)90028-l.
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Knocke, Christof, Bin Li, Bruno Sommer Ferreira, and Ma Sha. "Bioprocess scale-up from small to large pilot scale using eppendorf fermentation systems." New Biotechnology 33 (July 2016): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.862.
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Ghosh, Sam. "Pilot-Scale Demonstration of Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Activated Sludge." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0569.
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An innovative pilot-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion process was developed to stabilize concentrated (7-5%) activated sludge at a 12-day SRT and a loading rate of 5 kg VS/m3 d. The pilot system exhibited an unusually high VS reduction of 73%, an aggregated carbohydrate-protein-lipid reduction of 71%, and a methane yield of 0.3 m3/kg VS added. Optimum acidogenic fermentation producing 9500 mg/l of organic acids was achieved at an HRT of 3 days and a loading rate of 16 kg VS/m3.d or higher. Enhanced acidogenic hydrolysis and prehydrolysis of polymerics and nocardial residues eliminated digester foaming. Sulfate and nitrate reductions, and syntrophic methane fermentation occurred during acidogenic conversions. Acetogenesis and aceticlastic methane fermentation were predominant in the methane digester, which generated 93% of the system methane production. Contrary to literature reports, there was no inhibition of acetogens or methanogens at a high ammonia-N concentration of 2500 mg/l and pH 7.7. The acid and methane digesters could be started quickly. They were resilient to temperature drops and loading fluctuations. Acid fermentation of 8% of the plant's WAS and addition of the resulting fermentation products (enzymes, organic acids, etc.) to the full-scale high-rate digester increased VS reduction by 46% and eliminated severe foaming. Full-scale two-phase digestion of WAS is scheduled to start in 1990.
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Susilowati, Agustine, Aspiyanto Aspiyanto, Hakiki Melanie, and Yati Maryati. "THE EFFECT OF PROCESS CONDITIONS IN PREPARATION OF VEGETABLE BROTH AS SAVORY FLAVOR FROM MUNG BEANS (Phaseolus radiatus L.) USING INOCULUM OF Rhizopus-C1." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 17, 2010): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21592.
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Preparation of vegetable broth from mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.) in semi pilot scale is an attempt development to get product of savory flavor in larger scale. The aim of this activity was to find out the effect of process multiplication on composition of vegetable broth from mung beans using inoculum of Rhizopus-C1 through brine fermentation in mixtures of inoculum, salt, and mung beans of 26, 23, and 51 %. This activity was conducted in both temperature of fermentation (room temperature and 30 °C), various time of fermentation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks) and process scales, namely laboratory scale (300 g) and semi pilot scale (± 25 kg), respectively. The result of experiment indicated that fermentation temperature and time and process scales were tend to affect on composition of product. The length of fermentation time would increase concentrations of dissolved protein, N-amino and reducing sugar, decreased concentrations of fat and Volatile Reduction Substance (VRS), while concentrations of total protein, and water were tend to be constant in laboratory and semi pilot scales at the both process temperatures. Multiplication in preparation process of inoculum (7 kg) using starter of Rhizopus-C1 resulted inoculum with activities of proteolytic of 0.71 U/g, and amilolytic of 17.5 U/g at 56 h of incubation. The whole process in semi pilot scale decreased composition of products. The optimal treatment based on recovery of total protein, and the highest amino acids as N-amino in semi pilot scale was at fermentation temperature of 30 ºC for 10 weeks with concentrations of water of 44.96%, total protein of 11.77% (dry matter), dissolved protein of 8 mg/mL, N-amino of 15.4 mg/mL, reducing sugar of 582.5 mg/mL, fat of 0.26% and, VRS of 90 µeq.reduction/g. Keywords: Brine fermentation, vegetable broth, mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.), Rhizopus-C1, semi pilot
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Carlini, Maurizio, Sonia Castellucci, and Silvia Cocchi. "Mesophilic Fermentation of SOMW in a Micro Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Digester." Advanced Materials Research 827 (October 2013): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.827.84.
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One of the most promising processes to exploit Solid Olive-Mill Waste (SOMW) for energy production is anaerobic digestion. An experimental study has been carried out on SOMW and inoculum, consisting of Cattle Slurry Digested (CSD) and coming from an anaerobic digestion plant. A substrate with an optimal supply ratio equal to 2:1 has been investigated in a reactor at 37°C by analysing the biogas production. The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test has been carried out, monitoring pH, biogas production (amount and composition). According to the tests results, SOMWs needed to be diluted and inoculated, moreover the pH control is foundamental in order to obtain a significant biogas production. Anaerobic digestion plant of SOMW should be promoted in Mediterranean countries as an environmentally sound option for waste management and energy production, since olive mills are very widespread agro-industries in this area.
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Junker, B., T. Brix, M. Lester, P. Kardos, J. Adamca, J. Lynch, J. Schmitt, and P. Salmon. "Design and Installation of a Next Generation Pilot Scale Fermentation System." Biotechnology Progress 19, no. 3 (June 6, 2003): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp020041u.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Fermentation in pilot-scale operators"
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Höfer, Heinrich Friedrich Philipp Till Nikolaus. "Conception et production de biopolyesters avec groupements réactifs par Methylobacterium extorquens ATCC 55366 une voie vers de nouveaux matériaux pour l'ingénierie tissulaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1926.
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Vascular networks are required to support the formation and function of three-dimensional tissues. Biodegradable scaffolds are being considered in order to promote vascularization where natural regeneration of lost or destroyed vascular networks fails. Particularly; composite materials are expected to fulfill the complex demands of a patient's body to support wound healing. Microbial biopolyesters are being regarded as such second and third generation biomaterials. Methylobacterium extorquens is one of several microorganisms that should be considered for the production of advanced polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). M. extorquens displays a distinct advantage in that it is able to utilize methanol as an inexpensive substrate for growth and biopolyester production. The design of functionalized PHAs, which would be made of both saturated short-chain-length (scl, C [less than or equal to] 5) and unsaturated medium-chain-length (mcl, 6 [less than or equal to] C [less than or equal to] 14) monomeric units, aimed at combining desirable material properties of inert scl/mcl-PHAs with those of functionalized mcl-PHAs. By independently inserting the phaC1 or the phaC2 gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens GK13, recombinant M. extorquens strains were obtained which were capable of producing PHAs containing C-C double bonds. A fermentation process was developed to obtain gram quantities of biopolyesters employing the recombinant M. extorquens ATCC 55366 strain which harbored the phaC2 gene of P. fluorescens GK13, the better one of the two strains at incorporating unsaturated monomeric units. The PHAs produced were found in a blend of scl-PHAs and functionalized scl/mcl-PHAs (4 [less than or equal to] C [less than or equal to] 6), which were the products of the native and of the recombinant PHA synthase, respectively. Thermo-mechanical analysis confirmed that the functionalized scl/mcl-PHAs exhibited the desirable material properties expected. This project contributed to current research on polyhydroxyalkanoates at different levels. The terminal double bonds of the functionalized scl/mcl-PHAs are amenable to chemical modifications and could be transformed into reactive functional groups for covalently linking other biomacromolecules. It is anticipated that these biopolyesters will be utilized as tissue engineering materials in the future, due to their functionality and thermo-mechanical properties.
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Moody, Andrew Garret. "Pilot-scale fermentation of office paper and chicken manure to carboxylic acids." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3787.
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This project focused on scaling up the laboratory fermentation of biomass to
carboxylic acids. Four 1050-gallon tanks were used to simulate four-stage
countercurrent fermentation. Most laboratory fermentations have been performed with
1-L fermentors. The purpose of the pilot plant was to show that the process is scalable.
The inocula were marine and terrestrial microorganisms. Office paper was used
as an energy source, and chicken manure provided the necessary nutrients. The substrate
was 80 wt% office paper and 20 wt% chicken manure. Calcium carbonate was used as a
neutralizing agent and iodoform served as a methane inhibitor. The fermentor
temperature was 40 oC and the pH was 6.0.
The highest total acid concentration obtained was 32.4 g/L, operating with a
volatile solids loading rate (VSLR) of 1 g/(L liq ·d) and a liquid residence time (LRT) of
80 days. Typical laboratory VSLRs and LRTs are 3 to 10 g/(L liq ·d) and 10 to 30 days,
respectively. Similar VSLRs and LRTs were not achieved at the pilot scale because the
design was limited by the ability to effectively separate large amounts of solids and
liquids. The bulk of the effort was concentrated on overcoming temperature control and
solids-handling issues. Design modifications included a redesigned temperature control
system and a new material transfer method.
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Jiménez, Peñalver Pedro. "Sophorolipids production by solid-state fermentation: from lab-scale to pilot plant." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458652.
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En aquest treball es proposa una tecnologia alternativa per a la producció de soforolípids (SLs), un tipus de biosurfactant, presentats com a alternativa als surfactants produïts químicament degut a la seva major eficiència i millor perfil mediambiental. En aquest treball s'han dut a terme dues estratègies per a millorar la relació de cost-eficiència dels SLs respecte als surfactants produïts químicament, que és el que determina la seva viabilitat econòmica. Ambdues estratègies estan basades en la producció de SLs mitjançant la fermentació en estat sòlid.
La primera estratègia va consistir en el ús d’un residu de winterització (RW) amb l'objectiu de disminuir el preu dels substrats i, per tant, el cost final de producció dels SLs. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i palla de blat com a suport inert. El procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats, la velocitat d’aeració i a la mida de l’inòcul a escala de 100-g, obtenint-se un rendiment de 0.261 g per g de substrat al dia 10. El procés optimitzat, va ser escalat satisfactòriament a un bioreactor de llit fix de 40-L, però posteriorment, es van observar problemes associats amb l'eliminació de calor durant l'escalat a un bioreactor de 100-L amb barreja intermitent. L'estructura química i les propietats interfacials de la barreja natural del SLs produït a partir del RW es va estudiar durant una estança al Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY, USA).
La segona estratègia consistí en l'ús de àcid esteàric (C18:0) per a l'obtenció de SLs amb una estructura específica que millori les propietats fisicoquímiques de la barreja natural de SLs i, per tant, la seva eficiència. Es va utilitzar melassa de sucre com a co-substrat i escuma de poliuretà com a suport inert. L'efecte de la densitat de l'escuma de poliuretà i la capacitat de retenció hídrica van ser avaluades i el procés va ser optimitzat en base al rati de substrats e inòcul, obtenint-se un rendiment final de 0.211 g de SLs per g de substrat. Els SLs produïts contenien elevades quantitats de SLs C18:0.
Es van observar correlacions significatives entre el rendiment de SLs i l’oxigen consumit (COA). Això suggereix que el COA pot ser utilitzat com a mesura indirecta de la producció de SLs per a la monitorització en línea de processos de FES.
Aquesta tesi representa el començament d'una nova línia d'investigació centrada en la producció de SLs per FES en el Grup de Investigació en Compostatge (GICOM) del Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.En este trabajo se propone una tecnología alternativa para producir soforolípidos (SLs), un tipo de biosurfactante, presentados como alternativa a los surfactantes producidos químicamente debido a su mayor eficiencia y mejor perfil medioambiental. En este trabajo se han explorado dos estrategias para mejorar la relación coste-eficiencia de los SLs respecto a los surfactantes producidos químicamente, que es lo que determina su viabilidad económica. Ambas estrategias están basadas en la producción de SLs mediante la fermentación en estado sólido (FES) de Starmerella bombicola. La primera estrategia consistió en el uso de un residuo de winterización (RW) con el fin de disminuir el precio de los sustratos. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y paja de trigo como soporte inerte. El proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos, la velocidad de aireación y el tamaño del inóculo a escala de 100-g obteniendo un rendimiento de 0.261 g de SLs por g de sustrato a día 10. El proceso fue escalado satisfactoriamente a un biorreactor de lecho fijo de 40-L, pero se observaron problemas asociados con la eliminación del calor durante el escalado a un biorreactor de 100-L. Los SLs producidos a partir del RW fueron caracterizados durante una estancia en el Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) en NY, EEUU. La segunda estrategia consistió en el uso de ácido esteárico (C18:0) para obtener SLs con una estructura específica que mejore las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la mezcla natural de SLs y, por tanto, su eficiencia. Se utilizó melaza de azúcar como co-sustrato y espuma de poliuretano como soporte inerte. Se evaluó el efecto de la densidad de la espuma de poliuretano y la capacidad de retención hídrica y el proceso fue optimizado en base a la ratio de sustratos e inóculo obteniendo un rendimiento final de 0.211 g de SLs por g de sustrato. Los SLs producidos presentaron contenidos elevados de SLs diacetilados C18:0 acídico y lactónico. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el rendimiento de SLs y el oxígeno consumido (COA). Esto sugiere que el COA puede ser usado como medida indirecta de la producción de SLs para la monitorización on-line de procesos de FES. Esta tesis representa el comienzo de una nueva línea de investigación centrada en la producción de SLs por FES en el Grupo de Investigación en Compostaje (GICOM) del Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biológica y Ambiental de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
This work proposes a potential alternative approach to produce sophorolipids (SLs), a type of biosurfactant, which are presented as an alternative to chemically-produced surfactants due to their higher efficiency and better environmental compatibility. Two strategies have been performed in this work to increase their cost-performance relative to petroleum based surfactants, which determines their commercial viability. Both are based in the production of SLs by the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of solid hydrophobic substrates by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. The first strategy was to use winterization oil cake (WOC), an oil cake that comes from the oil refining industry, to decrease the price of the substrates and, therefore, the final production costs of SLs. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and wheat straw was chosen as inert support. The process was optimized in terms of substrates ratio, aeration rate and inoculum size at 0.5-L scale to obtain a yield of 0.261 g of SLs per g of substrate at day 10. The optimized process was successfully scale-up to a 40-L packed-bed bioreactor but problems associated with heat removal were found during the scale-up to a 100-L intermittently-mixed bioreactor. The chemical structure and interfacial properties of the SL natural mixture produced from the WOC were studied during a research stay at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in NY, USA. The second strategy consisted in the use of stearic acid (C18:0) to obtain SLs with a specific structure that improves the physicochemical properties of the SL natural mixture and, therefore, their performance. Sugar-beet molasses was used as co-substrate and polyurethane foam (PUF) functioned as inert support. The effect of PUF density and water holding capacity was assessed and the process was optimized in terms of substrate and inoculum ratio to obtain a final yield of 0.211 g of SLs per g of substrate. SLs produced herein had high contents of diacetylated acidic and lactonic C18:0 SLs. There were significant correlations between the SL yield and the oxygen consumed (COC). This suggests that the respiration parameter COC, can be used as an indirect measurement of the production of SLs for the on-line monitoring of SSF processes. This thesis represents the beginning of a new research line focused on the production of SLs by SSF in the Composting Research Group (GICOM) at the Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
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Boon, Lotte. "Mixing studies related to large scale fermenter operations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364713.
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Parakulsuksatid, Pramuk. "Utilization of a Microbubble Dispersion to Increase Oxygen Transfer in Pilot-Scale Baker's Yeast Fermentation Unit." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32615.
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In the large-scale production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast), oxygen transfer, which is one of the major limiting factors, is improved by using high agitation rates. However, high agitation rates subject the microorganisms to high shear stress and caused high power consumption. A microbubble dispersion (MBD) method was investigated to improve oxygen transfer at low agitation rates and thus reduce power consumption and shear stress on the microorganisms. The experiments were conducted at the 1-liter level and subsequently scaled-up to 50-liters using a constant volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) method for scaling. In comparison to a conventional air-sparged fermentation, the MBD method considerably improved the cell mass yield, growth rate and power consumption in the 50-liter fermentor. Cell mass production in the MBD system at agitation rate of 150 rpm was about the same as those obtained for a conventional air-sparged system agitatid at 500 rpm. Power consumption in the conventional air-sparged system was three-fold that required for the same biomass yield in the MBD system. However, at the 1-liter scale, the MBD system did not show any significant advantage over the air-sparged system because of the high power consumption.Master of Science
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Smith, Aaron Douglas. "Pilot-Scale Fermentation and Laboratory Nutrient Studies on Mixed-Acid Fermentation." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9193.
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Via mixed-culture fermentation, the MixAlcoTM produces carboxylic acids, which are chemically converted into industrial chemicals and hydrocarbon fuels.
Using pilot fermentation data, The Continuum Particle Distribution Model (CPDM) overestimated acid concentration (30–90% error) but more closely estimated conversion (<15% error). Incorporating the effect of air into the model reduced the absolute error of all predictions by >50%.
To analyze fermentation data with semi-continuous streams, the Slope method calculates the average flowrate of material from the slope of the moving cumulative sum with respect to time. Although the Slope method does not significantly improve accuracy, it dramatically reduces error compared to traditional techniques (>40% vs. <2%).
Nutrients are essential for microbial growth and metabolism. For a four-bottle fermentation train, five nutrient contacting patterns (single-point nutrient addition to Fermentors F1, F2, F3, F4, and multi-point parallel addition) were investigated. Compared to the traditional nutrient contacting method (all nutrients fed to F1), the near-optimal feeding strategies improved exit yield, culture yield, process yield, exit acetate-equivalent yield, conversion, and total acid productivity by approximately 31%, 39%, 46%, 31%, 100%, and 19%, respectively.
To estimate nitrogen concentration profiles, a segregated-nitrogen model uses separate mass balances for solid- and liquid-phase nitrogen; the nitrogen reaction flux between phases is assumed to be zero. Using five fermentation trains, each with a different nutrient contacting pattern, the model predictions capture basic behavior; therefore, it is a reasonable tool for estimating and controlling nitrogen profiles.
To determine the optimal scenario for mixed-acid fermentations, an array of batch fermentations was performed that independently varied the C/N ratio and the blend of carbohydrate (office paper) and nutrient (wet chicken manure (CM)). Reactant was defined as non-acid volatile solids (NAVS). C/N ratios were based on non-acid carbon (CNA). A blend of 93% paper and 7% wet CM (dry basis) with a C/N ratio of 37 g CNA/g N had the highest culture yield (0.21 g acidproduced/g NAVSinitial), total acid productivity (0.84 g acidproduced/(Lliq·d)), and conversion (0.43 g NAVSconsumed/g NAVSinitial).
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Atherton, Heather. "Primary sludge fermentation using a pilot-scale mainstream fermenter to enhance biological phosphorus removal." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3760.
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Research was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using a mainstream primary
sludge fermenter to produce simple carbon compounds to enhance biological phosphorus
removal from wastewater. A mainstream fermenter, which consisted of a complete mix
tank followed by a thickener with solids recycle, was constructed and incorporated into the
biological nutrient removal process train of the UBC Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant.
The mainstream fermenter was operated for a period of one year to investigate the influence
of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and environmental factors on process operation and short
chain carbon production.
The mainstream fermenter was operated at HRTs of 2.2, 3.2 and 4.3 hours. The
HRT of the mainstream fermenter was observed to influence the production of volatile fatty
acid (VFA); an increase in HRT resulted in an increase in net production of VFA.
Individual acid formation in the mainstream fermenter was found not to be influenced by
fermenter HRT. The performance of the mainstream fermenter operating at an HRT of 4.3
hours was equal to that of a side-stream static fermenter or a complete mix fermenter but
below that of a side-stream separate complete mix/thickener fermenter. The quantity of
simple carbon compounds produced in the mainstream fermenter while operating at an HRT
of 4.3 hours combined with that found in the influent sewage were sufficient to stimulate
good biological phosphorus removal at the UBC Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Fermenter HRT had little affect on the quantity of soluble COD produced in the
mainstream fermenter nor the portion of soluble COD that existed in the form of VFA.
There was little change in the concentration of soluble COD between the mainstream
fermenter influent and effluent suggesting hydrolysis of particulate organic matter did not
readily occur in the mainstream fermenter. Nevertheless, the VFA fraction of soluble
COD was significantly higher in the mainstream fermenter effluent than the raw influent
indicating there was a conversion of soluble COD to VFA in the mainstream fermenter.
The configuration of the mainstream fermenter did not allow for accurate control of
solids retention time (SRT). However, a stable biomass inventory was quickly achieved
and maintained without purposeful wasting. The steady-state level of biomass was
dependent upon the length of HRT; longer HRTs resulted in lower biomass concentrations.
Seasonal variations did not significantly affect the operation of the mainstream
fermenter.
Book chapters on the topic "Fermentation in pilot-scale operators"
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Mitchell, David Alexander, Luana Oliveira Pitol, Alessandra Biz, Anelize Terezinha Jung Finkler, Luiz Fernando de Lima Luz, and Nadia Krieger. "Design and Operation of a Pilot-Scale Packed-Bed Bioreactor for the Production of Enzymes by Solid-State Fermentation." In Solid State Fermentation, 27–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2019_90.
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Doblhoff-Dier, O., F. Unterluggauer, S. Huss, R. Plail, and H. W. D. Katinger. "PILOT-SCALE MODULAR HARD-AND SOFTWARE CONCEPT FOR ANIMAL CELL FERMENTATION." In Animal Cell Technology, 393–96. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-0421-5.50092-1.
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Baxter, Colin F. "The Wexler Bend Pilot Plant." In The Secret History of RDX. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175287.003.0009.
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One of the epic industrial and scientific achievements of the United States during World War II was accomplished at the Wexler Bend Pilot Plant, Kingsport, Tennessee, where fifty hand-picked (their finances were investigated, and all the operators were married with at least one child) Tennessee Eastman employees, working at a phenomenal pace, developed a process for large-scale production of the world’s most powerful explosive, RDX. The success at Wexler Bend opened the door to the next phase: the mass production of RDX.
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Sikirda, Yuliya, Mykola Kasatkin, and Dmytro Tkachenko. "Intelligent Automated System for Supporting the Collaborative Decision Making by Operators of the Air Navigation System During Flight Emergencies." In Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries, 66–90. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1415-3.ch003.
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This chapter researches pilot and air traffic controller collaborative decision making (CDM) during flight emergencies for maximum synchronization of operators' technological procedures. Deterministic models of CDM by the Air Navigation System's human operators were obtained by network planning methods; their adequacy is confirmed by full-scale modeling on a complex flight simulator. For the sequential optimization of the collaborative two-channel network “Air traffic controller-Pilot” to achieve the end-to-end effectiveness of joint solutions, a multi-criteria approach was used: ensuring the minimum time to parry flight emergency with maximum safety/maximum consistency over the time of operators' actions. With the help of the multiplicative function, the influence of organizational risk factors on flight safety in the air traffic control was evaluated. A conceptual model of System for control and forecasting the flight emergency development on the base of Intelligent Automated System for supporting the CDM by operators was developed.
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Martín, Sergio Bravo, and Francisco José García Peñalvo. "Electronic Government Systems for e-Procurement Procedure in the EU." In E-Procurement Management for Successful Electronic Government Systems, 29–51. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2119-0.ch003.
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Public Electronic Procurement provides a new means of communication between contracting authorities and economic operators, as well as being one of the most important areas in the development in the business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce like buyers and suppliers entities respectively. European Union (EU) has been working hard for the adoption of e-Procurement in the governments of member states; overall action plans for the development of e-government occurred during the new millennium. However, this transition, from the traditional model of procurement management procedure to electronic means is very complicated; the impact of any new technology brings much change and the required regulatory policies, both within the EU and in Member States. This study presents the e-procurement from the e-government regulatory contexts in EU. Then, it outlines the basic pillars of both the public e-procurement process and the management systems, and finally, introduces large-scale pilot projects by the European Commission (EC) that provide technology solutions for many of the stages of the procurement process.
Conference papers on the topic "Fermentation in pilot-scale operators"
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AKMIRZA, ILKER, KADIR ALP, MUSTAFA TURKER, SAADET ETLI, and MERVE YILMAZ. "CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF ODOROUS FOOD FERMENTATION PROCESS EMISSIONS VIA PILOT-SCALE BIOFILTER." In AIR POLLUTION 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air170181.
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Irvan, Bambang Trisakti, Rahmat Mulyadi Nainggolan, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, and Hiroyuki Daimon. "Study of gravity thickener as sludge separator in fermentation of palm oil mill effluent to biogas at pilot scale." In THE 11TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (RCChE 2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5095005.
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Wiens, Travis, Madison Klarkowski, and Nima Zahabi. "Development of a Physical Analog Excavator for Studies in Interactions Between Hydraulic Equipment and Human Operators." In BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2771.
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Abstract This paper presents a scale model excavator intended to allow for studies on human-machine interactions. In the past, this work has been performed on full-scale equipment which can be dangerous and costly to acquire and operate, or fully in simulation, which requires high precision models of complex effects such as soil forces (e.g. using the Discrete Element Method, DEM, simulating thousands of particles). Also simulation models with scenes projected on computer monitors or in virtual reality may not be realistic enough for the human operator to be fully immersed and behave in a realistic manner. The motion of the small-scale excavator presented here is directed by a digital model of a hydraulic machine given inputs of operator commands and actuator forces, allowing it to mimic the behavior of various hydraulic architectures (e.g. pressure compensated load sensing vs open center vs closed center systems). The excavator is used to dig in physical soils, generating realistic soil-tool interaction forces (which are fed back into the digital machine model) without the need for computationally expensive DEM models. This allows for rapid, low-cost evaluation of various hardware modifications as well as human-machine interaction effects. We also present some preliminary data from a pilot study investigating energy efficiency.
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Szendrey, L. Michael. "The Anaerobic Treatment of Food and Citrus Processing Wastewaters." In ASME 1990 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1990-3603.
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Anaerobic treatment technology for wastewater has developed rapidly over the last decade. The major driving forces are the low operating costs and the energy benefit derived from the methane generated. Also, increasing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) surcharges imposed on industrial sewer discharges can often be minimized by anaerobic treatment alone. A variety of new technologies has emerged to treat the various types of wastewater produced. The food and citrus processing industry produce wastewater both low and high in BOD and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) as well as other unique constituents. The advantages and disadvantages of the different types of technologies are discussed, especially as they apply to the types of wastewater produced in the food processing industry. (Operating data from a full scale anaerobic plant treating a fermentation wastewater is presented.) The pilot plant scale study on a citrus wastewater is discussed. Paper published with permission.
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Andersone, Anna, Alexander Arshanitsa, Lilija Jashina, Māris Lauberts, Tatiana Dizhbite, and Galina Telysheva. "EFFECTS OF CONTENTS AND COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ASH AND ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS ON FUEL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOFTWOOD AND WHEAT STRAW HYDROLYTIC PROCESSING RESIDUES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.087.
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Processing of biomass for obtaining of liquid ethanol, platform chemicals and solid biofuel, is topical biorefinery schema intensively developing. Acid hydrolysis, separated hydrolysis and fermentation, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation are integrated with other treatments for the advanced technology development. The aim of this work was estimation of effect of softwood and wheat straw hydrolysis type on fuel characteristics of rich-in-lignin residues with emphasis on content and component composition of ash and feedstock. Elemental Analysis; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; calorimetric method; Klason lignin determination were used. Laboratory scale pellet mill KAHL 14-175 and original small pilot-scale gasifier were used for study of residues granulation ability and combustion behavior of pellets obtained. The ash content in softwood residues slightly increase but does not exceed 1%, for wheat straw residues it is >14% (0,2% and 10% for feedstock, correspondingly). The ashing temperature of 650oC is experimentally established as optimal. Detection of ash component allows to foreseen possible contamination connected with materials of the devices and chemicals used in the technological stream. Combustion mechanism of solid residues differs from that of feedstock by increasing of ratio duration of glue combustion to flame combustion steps, that is more characteristic for coal. The efficiency of biomass combustion was regulated by changing the ratio of primary and secondary air supply. Direct correlation established between higher heating value and Klason lignin content for samples, allows to recommend these analyses for evaluation of biomass potential as a fuel. Residues under study meet the requirements of EU Standard CN/TS 335.
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Ren, Nanqi, Yongfeng Li, Maryam Zadsar, Lijie Hu, and Jianzheng Li. "Biological Hydrogen Production In China: Past, Present and Future." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76101.
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As a new clean energy source and important material, the use and demand of hydrogen are increasing-rapidly. So that bio-hydrogen producing technology moves toward cutting down the operation costs in recent years. Biohydrogen production capacity improvement and cost reduction are two key points for industrialization of the process. Biohydrogen production has been studied in China for over 20 years in both photosynthetic hydrogen production and fermentative processes fields. The anaerobic process of fermentative hydrogen production has been developing in China since 1990s. The isolation and identification of high efficient bio-hydrogen production anaerobic bacteria is an important foundation of fermentative bio-hydrogen production process by anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater. The paper focuses on: (1) Fermentative biohydrogen production system, (2) Laboratory experiments and pilot scale tests for continued hydrogen production, (3) Fermentation types and their engineering control, (4) isolation, culture media and characterization of anaerobes, (5) Applications of pure bacteria, (6) Fundamental researches including ecology, genetics and improvements, (7) Development of two-phase anaerobic process of H2-producing and methanogenic phases as, and (8) the integrated processes with bioengineering and wastewater treatments. Recently, the first pilot factory has been costructedin Harbin, China by hydrogen production rate of more than 1200m3/d which located in northeast of China. In photosynthetic hydrogen production filed, study is focused on the fundamentals, engineering application and microbiology. Detailed discussion comes later.
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Leng, Jianqiao, Mingzhen Wei, Baojun Bai, Randall S. Seright, Yin Zhang, David Cercone, and Samson Ning. "Impact of Rheology Models on Horizontal Well Polymer Flooding in a Heavy Oil Reservoir on Alaska North Slope: A Simulation Study." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31087-ms.
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Abstract Polymer rheology can have either a positive or a negative effect on polymer flooding performance under varied circumstances. Many researchers have studied the effect of polymer rheology in a vertical well, but no field scale studies have been conducted to investigate whether polymer rheology is beneficial to polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs developed by horizontal wells. In this paper, we conducted a numerical simulation study to examine the effect of HPAM polymer rheology on a polymer flooding pilot, which is the first-ever project conducted on a heavy oil reservoir from Alaska North Slope (ANS) developed by horizontal wells. Three rheology types were considered in the study including the apparent viscosity measured during coreflooding of using a HPAM polymer, the bulk viscosity measured with a viscometer, and a Newtonian flow model. The results suggest that using the bulk viscosity in simulation underestimates the conformance control and the water-oil-ratio reduction capability of the HPAM polymer solution. When the apparent viscosity is used, the incremental oil and sweep were largely increased, and the optimal recovery period of polymer flooding was extended greatly, especially for the heterogeneous formations. Therefore, the rheology type of polymer plays a significant role in the incremental oil recovery and injection profile of the horizontal well system given the pilot testconditions. This study has provided practical guidance to field operators for the ongoing polymer flooding pilot on ANS and will also provide valuable information for other polymer projects conducted in similar conditions.
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Che Daud, M. Faizal, Siti Nur Shaffee, and Maung Maung Myo Thant. "Novel Technology for Sand Management at Ageing Field: Cost Optimisation of Offshore Sand Handling and Disposal." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21163-ms.
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Abstract Excessive sand production is synonymous with aging fields and increased water production. Some offshore fields in Malaysia produce sand in the range of tonnes per day. Conventionally, the produced sand needs to be sent onshore for treatment, increasing the OPEX for a field with an already declining production. This paper presents a newly developed technology to help operators in handling and disposal of produced sand offshore. A hybrid system of a unique mechanical agitation and the chemical solution was developed for offshore sand cleaning. The system aims to remove Oil-in-Water (OIW) and Oil-in-Sand (OIS) content according to the local regulations and requirements for offshore disposal. In the lab-scale screening, the best performing deoiling chemical for oil removal from the sand was achieved using novel chemical formulations containing surfactants with higher water affinity (hydrophilic). In the bench-scale prototype evaluation, the deoiling chemical was coupled with a mechanical system. A semi-automated, pilot-scale unit with the capacity to handle approximately 1 metric tonne of oily sand was constructed and used for further testing. In the lab stage, the sand deoiling formulation was identified and optimized. Up to bench-scale testing, only 30ppm of deoiling chemical is required to clean the field sand to OIS of <1wt% and OIW of less than 40ppm. The effectiveness of mechanical agitation and low dosage of chemical deoiling is further proven via testing using the pilot-scale unit. It has been shown that a superior cleaning quality meeting the onboard disposal specification can be achieved via this system compared to existing technology which is based on only mechanical means. An example of potential sand cleaning system integration and tie-in to an existing offshore facility with excessive sand production is also discussed in this work. The compact sand cleaning system is a novel technology to reduce OIS content, leading to reduced sand handling and disposal OPEX for aging fields.
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Le Galudec, Olivier, James Oszewski, John Preston, and David Thimsen. "Introducing ASME PTC 48." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32067.
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In the field of Power Generation, Operators — Plant Owners, Utilities, IPPs … — have had to face severe constraints linked not only with price of electricity and cost of fuel, but also with more and more demanding environmental constraints. It appears that the next atmospheric emission coming under scrutiny is CO2. Some small scale laboratory size experiments and pilot scale tests demonstrating the ability to capture CO2 before it reaches the atmosphere have already been conducted, and some industrial scale demonstrators are already at the permitting stage and will soon reach construction. In order to anticipate the needs of Performance Tests within this coming market, ASME decided to form a new committee in order to prepare and deliver ASME Performance Test Code – PTC 48 “Overall Plant Performance with Carbon Capture” test code. This new code may be seen as an evolution of ASME PTC 46 “Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance” 1996 (currently under revision), which goes beyond the sole verification of components to provide guidelines for testing a full Plant. Capturing CO2 from fuel–fired power plants will have a significant impact on net capacity and net heat rate of the plant. Such plants will, in addition to the Power Block and Steam Generator, also include systems not commonly included in non-CO2 capture power plants. The addition of an ASU (Air Separation Unit, for oxy-combustion with CO2 capture) and/or CPU (CO2 Purification Unit, for oxy-combustion or post-combustion CO2 capture) has made necessary the preparation of a dedicated test code based upon same guiding principle than PTC 46, i.e. treating the plant globally as a “Black Box”. This approach allows correction of output and efficiency at the plant interfaces, but at the exclusion of internal parameters. It is anticipated that the code can inform development of regulations that define the rules and obligations of Operators. Currently, the proposed PTC 48 aims at fossil fuel fired Steam-electric power plants using either post-combustion CO2 capture or oxy-combustion with CO2 capture technologies. Combined cycles and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles — IGCCs — are not addressed.
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Lewandowski, Patrick, Lucien Teunckens, Robert Walthéry, Danny Millen, and Sven Baumann. "Progress and Experience From the Decommissioning of the Eurochemic Reprocessing Plant." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1228.
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Abstract Belgoprocess started the industrial decommissioning of the main process building of the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant in 1990, after completion of a pilot project. Two small storage buildings for end products from reprocessing were dismantled to verify the assumptions made in a previous paper study on decommissioning, to demonstrate and develop dismantling techniques and to train personnel. Both buildings were emptied and decontaminated to background levels. They were demolished and the remaining concrete debris was disposed of as industrial waste, and green field conditions restored. The main process building is a large rectangular construction of about 80 m long, 27 m wide and 30 m high. About 106 individual cell structures have to be dismantled, involving the removal and decontamination of equipment from each cell, the decontamination of the cell walls, ceilings and floors, the dismantling of the ventilation system. These activities are followed by a complete monitoring of all surfaces in view of the unconditional release of the remaining structures. About 1,500 Mg of metal structures, and 12,500 m3 of concrete with 55,000 m2 of concrete surfaces have to be removed and/or to be decontaminated. The paper presents a status overview of the decommissioning and decontamination activities at the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant on the nuclear site of Dessel in Belgium. The specific Belgoprocess approach will be highlighted, in which the decommissioning activities are carried out on an industrial scale with special emphasis on cost minimisation, the use of technology on an industrial representative scale. The specific alpha contamination of equipment and building surfaces require that the decommissioning work is done with adequate protective clothing. Adapted breathing and cooling air systems have been provided to enable the operators to carry out the decommissioning tasks in acceptable working conditions.