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Journal articles on the topic 'Fermentation in pilot-scale operators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Lin, Chiu-Yue, Shu-Yii Wu, Ping-Jei Lin, Jo-Shu Chang, Chun-Hsiung Hung, Kuo-Shing Lee, Feng-Yuan Chang, Chen-Yeon Chu, Chin-Hung Cheng, and Chyi-How Lay. "Pilot-scale hydrogen fermentation system start-up performance." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 24 (December 2010): 13452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.123.

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2

KENNEDY, LAWRENCE D., DENISE E. JANSSEN, MICHAEL J. FRUDE, and MICHAEL J. BOLAND. "An Independent Pilot-Scale Fermentation Facility for Recombinant Microorganisms." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 646, no. 1 Recombinant D (December 1991): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb18600.x.

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3

Guadalupe-Daqui, Mario, and Andrew J. MacIntosh. "Rapid Beer Fermentation: The Effect of Vacuum Pressure on a Pilot Scale Lager Fermentation." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 77, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610470.2019.1669416.

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4

Cho, Kyung-Min, and Sae-Eun Oh. "Performance of Pilot-scale Anaerobic Hydrogen Fermentation Using Food Waste." Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33768/ksue.2018.18.2.193.

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5

Durand, A., R. Renaud, S. Almanza, J. Maratray, M. Diez, and C. Desgranges. "Solid state fermentation reactors: From lab scale to pilot plant." Biotechnology Advances 11, no. 3 (January 1993): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(93)90028-l.

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6

Knocke, Christof, Bin Li, Bruno Sommer Ferreira, and Ma Sha. "Bioprocess scale-up from small to large pilot scale using eppendorf fermentation systems." New Biotechnology 33 (July 2016): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.862.

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7

Ghosh, Sam. "Pilot-Scale Demonstration of Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Activated Sludge." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0569.

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An innovative pilot-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion process was developed to stabilize concentrated (7-5%) activated sludge at a 12-day SRT and a loading rate of 5 kg VS/m3 d. The pilot system exhibited an unusually high VS reduction of 73%, an aggregated carbohydrate-protein-lipid reduction of 71%, and a methane yield of 0.3 m3/kg VS added. Optimum acidogenic fermentation producing 9500 mg/l of organic acids was achieved at an HRT of 3 days and a loading rate of 16 kg VS/m3.d or higher. Enhanced acidogenic hydrolysis and prehydrolysis of polymerics and nocardial residues eliminated digester foaming. Sulfate and nitrate reductions, and syntrophic methane fermentation occurred during acidogenic conversions. Acetogenesis and aceticlastic methane fermentation were predominant in the methane digester, which generated 93% of the system methane production. Contrary to literature reports, there was no inhibition of acetogens or methanogens at a high ammonia-N concentration of 2500 mg/l and pH 7.7. The acid and methane digesters could be started quickly. They were resilient to temperature drops and loading fluctuations. Acid fermentation of 8% of the plant's WAS and addition of the resulting fermentation products (enzymes, organic acids, etc.) to the full-scale high-rate digester increased VS reduction by 46% and eliminated severe foaming. Full-scale two-phase digestion of WAS is scheduled to start in 1990.

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8

Susilowati, Agustine, Aspiyanto Aspiyanto, Hakiki Melanie, and Yati Maryati. "THE EFFECT OF PROCESS CONDITIONS IN PREPARATION OF VEGETABLE BROTH AS SAVORY FLAVOR FROM MUNG BEANS (Phaseolus radiatus L.) USING INOCULUM OF Rhizopus-C₁." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 17, 2010): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21592.

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Preparation of vegetable broth from mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.) in semi pilot scale is an attempt development to get product of savory flavor in larger scale. The aim of this activity was to find out the effect of process multiplication on composition of vegetable broth from mung beans using inoculum of Rhizopus-C1 through brine fermentation in mixtures of inoculum, salt, and mung beans of 26, 23, and 51 %. This activity was conducted in both temperature of fermentation (room temperature and 30 °C), various time of fermentation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks) and process scales, namely laboratory scale (300 g) and semi pilot scale (± 25 kg), respectively. The result of experiment indicated that fermentation temperature and time and process scales were tend to affect on composition of product. The length of fermentation time would increase concentrations of dissolved protein, N-amino and reducing sugar, decreased concentrations of fat and Volatile Reduction Substance (VRS), while concentrations of total protein, and water were tend to be constant in laboratory and semi pilot scales at the both process temperatures. Multiplication in preparation process of inoculum (7 kg) using starter of Rhizopus-C1 resulted inoculum with activities of proteolytic of 0.71 U/g, and amilolytic of 17.5 U/g at 56 h of incubation. The whole process in semi pilot scale decreased composition of products. The optimal treatment based on recovery of total protein, and the highest amino acids as N-amino in semi pilot scale was at fermentation temperature of 30 ºC for 10 weeks with concentrations of water of 44.96%, total protein of 11.77% (dry matter), dissolved protein of 8 mg/mL, N-amino of 15.4 mg/mL, reducing sugar of 582.5 mg/mL, fat of 0.26% and, VRS of 90 µeq.reduction/g. Keywords: Brine fermentation, vegetable broth, mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.), Rhizopus-C1, semi pilot

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9

Carlini, Maurizio, Sonia Castellucci, and Silvia Cocchi. "Mesophilic Fermentation of SOMW in a Micro Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Digester." Advanced Materials Research 827 (October 2013): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.827.84.

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One of the most promising processes to exploit Solid Olive-Mill Waste (SOMW) for energy production is anaerobic digestion. An experimental study has been carried out on SOMW and inoculum, consisting of Cattle Slurry Digested (CSD) and coming from an anaerobic digestion plant. A substrate with an optimal supply ratio equal to 2:1 has been investigated in a reactor at 37°C by analysing the biogas production. The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test has been carried out, monitoring pH, biogas production (amount and composition). According to the tests results, SOMWs needed to be diluted and inoculated, moreover the pH control is foundamental in order to obtain a significant biogas production. Anaerobic digestion plant of SOMW should be promoted in Mediterranean countries as an environmentally sound option for waste management and energy production, since olive mills are very widespread agro-industries in this area.

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10

Junker, B., T. Brix, M. Lester, P. Kardos, J. Adamca, J. Lynch, J. Schmitt, and P. Salmon. "Design and Installation of a Next Generation Pilot Scale Fermentation System." Biotechnology Progress 19, no. 3 (June 6, 2003): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp020041u.

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11

Cira, Luis A., Sergio Huerta, George M. Hall, and Keiko Shirai. "Pilot scale lactic acid fermentation of shrimp wastes for chitin recovery." Process Biochemistry 37, no. 12 (July 2002): 1359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00008-0.

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12

Virkar, P. D., and M. S. Panesar. "Glycerol production by anaerobic vacuum fermentation of molasses on pilot scale." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29, no. 6 (April 20, 1987): 773–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290618.

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13

Junker, B., M. Lester, T. Brix, D. Wong, and J. Nuechterlein. "A next generation, pilot-scale continuous sterilization system for fermentation media." Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 28, no. 6 (February 18, 2006): 351–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-005-0041-0.

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14

Spoelstra, S. F. "Comparison of the content of clostridial spores in wilted grass silage ensiled in either laboratory, pilot-scale or farm silos." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38, no. 3B (September 1, 1990): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v38i3b.16568.

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Fifty-two laboratory silages (1.5 litres), 108 samples of pilot-scale silos (2-4 t) and 167 samples of farm silages were analysed for clostridial spore contents, proximate composition and concn of fermentation products. Numbers of clostridial spores ranged from 100 to 10 million/g. Relationships between spore counts as dependent variable and DM, butyric acid and ammonia-N contents as independent variables were established for the 3 silage types by regression analyses. Similarity existed in the relationships for pilot-scale and farm silages, showing a gradual drop of spore counts with higher DM levels. Laboratory silages showed either a pronounced clostridial fermentation with high levels of butyric acid, ammonium-N and spores or no clostridial fermentation at all. In contrast to the larger-scale silages, no clostridial fermentation was found at DM contents above 250 g/kg. In laboratory and in pilot-scale silages about 60% of the variation in spore count could be explained from either the butyric acid or ammonia content. In farm silages this figure dropped to 20-30% and it was concluded that the chemical parameters cannot be used to predict spore counts in farm silages. The differences between the larger scale silages and laboratory silages are attributed to the heterogeneity of the pilot-scale and farm silages. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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15

Li, Xiang, Hong Chen, Lanfang Hu, Lei Yu, Yinguang Chen, and Guowei Gu. "Pilot-Scale Waste Activated Sludge Alkaline Fermentation, Fermentation Liquid Separation, and Application of Fermentation Liquid To Improve Biological Nutrient Removal." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 5 (March 2011): 1834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es1031882.

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16

Balachandar, G., Jhansi L. Varanasi, Vaishali Singh, Harshita Singh, and Debabrata Das. "Biological hydrogen production via dark fermentation: A holistic approach from lab-scale to pilot-scale." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 8 (February 2020): 5202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.006.

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17

Bodizs, L., M. Titica, N. Faria, B. Srinivasan, D. Dochain, and D. Bonvin. "Oxygen control for an industrial pilot-scale fed-batch filamentous fungal fermentation." Journal of Process Control 17, no. 7 (August 2007): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2007.01.019.

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18

Jiang, Xuebin, Jiancong Lin, Shizhong Liang, and Minjing Zhang. "High-Efficient Expression and Pilot Scale Fermentation ofStreptomycesXylanase from a ConstitutivePichia pastorisVector." Food Biotechnology 27, no. 1 (February 2013): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905436.2012.755693.

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19

Nghia, Nguyen Chinh. "HIGH SOLID FERMENTATION AT PILOT SCALE FOR POTABALE ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM RICE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 5A (March 24, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/5a/12193.

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In recent year, besides conventional process comprising separated liquefaction, saccharification and fermentation steps, few ethanol distilleries in Vietnam started using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production. In this work, we developed an SSF process of rice mash at high solids for potable ethanol production at pilot scale of 30 liters. After investigation on liquefaction and boiling time of five SSF processes, we selected the most suitable one (SSF3) to apply to pilot scale. At pilot scale, rice flour (RF) was dissolved in water to reach 315.4 g/l dry matter, then the mixture was liquefied at 85 oC for 60 min by using an alpha-amylase (Liquozyme SC DS at 45.36 KNU-S/kg RF) and a beta-glucanase (Optimash TBG at 2.812 U/kg CF). The starch slurry was then boiled for 30 min. SSF of liquefied mash was performed at 30 oC with the simultaneous addition of a gluco-amylase (Spirizyme SC DS at 540 AGU/kg RF) and a protease (FermgenTM at 600 SAPU/kg RF), active dry yeast (Ethanol Red at 1.5×107cells/l), urea (12 mM) and KH2PO4 (4 mM). Under these conditions, SSF process finished after 120 h and achieved 16.7 % v/v ethanol, which was equivalent to 87.1 % of the theoretical yield. Therefore, the VHG fermentation of rice flour could be a great potential to be applied in potable ethanol industry in Vietnam.

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20

Jain, D., and B. C. Buckland. "Scale-up of the Efrotomycin fermentation using a computer-controlled pilot plant." Bioprocess Engineering 3, no. 1 (1988): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00372857.

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21

El-Bendary, Magda A., Maysa E. Moharam, Sahar S. Mohamed, and Shimaa R. Hamed. "Pilot-scale production of mosquitocidal toxins byBacillus thuringiensisandLysinibacillus sphaericusunder solid-state fermentation." Biocontrol Science and Technology 26, no. 7 (May 13, 2016): 980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2016.1177710.

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22

Kim, Chul-Ho, Zainal Abidin, Chong Chok Ngee, and Sang-Ki Rhee. "Pilot-scale ethanol fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis from simultaneously saccharified sago starch." Bioresource Technology 40, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(92)90111-a.

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23

Lira, Eugenio, Fernando Noé Salazar, Simone Vincenzi, Andrea Curioni, and Francisco López. "Effect of bentonite fining during fermentation on protein content in Macabeu wines: comparison of pilot- and industrial-scale experiments." OENO One 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2013.47.3.1550.

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: This work is aimed to study the effectiveness of the use of bentonite at different stages of the vinification process (pilot and industrial scales) in relation to wine protein stability. The effect of wine storage and ageing on protein content and stability is also studied.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: The experimental trials were made with a Macabeu wine (vintage 2011) and included the following treatments : bentonite addition to must only, bentonite addition during fermentation (beginning, middle and end), and no treatment (control). The results show no effect of scale in fermentation kinetics. At both scales, the wines treated with bentonite during fermentation had lower total protein concentrations as compared to the control wines (10-17 %) and the wines obtained from must treated with bentonite (7-14 %), which were the most unstable.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study shows that the fermenter size (industrial and pilot scale) has no significant effects on alcoholic fermentation, indicating that, from a practical point of view, pilot-scale fermentations satisfactorily reproduce those performed at industrial scale. Moreover, all the wines treated with bentonite during fermentation present a lower protein concentration and a higher stability.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The results obtained in pilot-scale fermentations are representative of industrial-scale fermentations and therefore can be used reliably to study protein stability and stabilization in white wines.</p>

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24

Wang, Juan, Ming Gao, Qunhui Wang, Wenyu Zhang, and Yoshihito Shirai. "Pilot-scale open fermentation of food waste to produce lactic acid without inoculum addition." RSC Advances 6, no. 106 (2016): 104354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22760k.

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25

Satoh, H., E. Okuda, T. Mino, and T. Matsuo. "Calibration of kinetic parameters in the IAWQ Activated Sludge Model: a pilot scale experience." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2000): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0355.

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The parameters in the mathematical simulation model for the nutrient removal activated sludge process were calibrated by using operational performance data obtained on enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludge processes treating urban sewage. By changing five parameters, maximum specific growth rate of nitrifiers, saturation constant of ammonia for nitrifiers, maximum specific hydrolysis rate under anaerobic conditions, maximum specific fermentation rate, and maximum specific polyphosphate accumulation rate of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), the process performance was well reproduced by simulation. For the improvement of simulation, inclusion of the formation or presence of soluble COD which is not utilized by PAOs either directly or via fermentation was proposed.

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26

Xu, Zhongda, and George Nakhla. "Pilot-scale demonstration of pre-fermentation for enhancement of food-processing wastewater biodegradability." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 81, no. 4 (2006): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1432.

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27

Imasaka, Takuo, Hiroyuki So, Kohnosuke Matsushita, Tomoya Furukawa, and Nobuhiko Kanekuni. "APPLICATION OF GASndashLIQUID TWO-PHASE CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION TO PILOT-SCALE METHANE FERMENTATION." Drying Technology 11, no. 4 (January 1993): 769–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939308916863.

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28

REN, N., J. LI, B. LI, Y. WANG, and S. LIU. "Biohydrogen production from molasses by anaerobic fermentation with a pilot-scale bioreactor system." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31, no. 15 (December 2006): 2147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.02.011.

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29

Lee, Yong-Woo, and Jinwook Chung. "Bioproduction of hydrogen from food waste by pilot-scale combined hydrogen/methane fermentation." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 21 (November 2010): 11746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.093.

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30

Saha, Badal C., Nancy N. Nichols, Nasib Qureshi, Gregory J. Kennedy, Loren B. Iten, and Michael A. Cotta. "Pilot scale conversion of wheat straw to ethanol via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation." Bioresource Technology 175 (January 2015): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.060.

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31

Kundiyana, Dimple K., Raymond L. Huhnke, and Mark R. Wilkins. "Syngas fermentation in a 100-L pilot scale fermentor: Design and process considerations." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 109, no. 5 (May 2010): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.10.022.

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32

Kundiyana, Dimple K., Raymond L. Huhnke, and Mark R. Wilkins. "Syngas fermentation in a 100-L pilot scale fermentor: Design and process considerations." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 110, no. 6 (December 2010): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.09.011.

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33

Huang, Xiangfeng, Tianshuai Mu, Changming Shen, Lijun Lu, and Jia Liu. "Alkaline fermentation of waste activated sludge stimulated by saponin: volatile fatty acid production, mechanisms and pilot-scale application." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 12 (October 1, 2016): 2860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.459.

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Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production stimulated by saponin (SP), an environmentally friendly bio-surfactant, was investigated during sludge alkaline fermentation in laboratory studies and pilot applications. The combined use of SP and pH 9 condition significantly enhanced VFA production to approximately 425 mg COD/g VSS, which was 4.7-fold of raw sludge and 1.5-fold of sole pH 10 adjustment (the optimum pH for alkaline fermentation). Further results indicated that SP & pH 9 condition provided sufficient substrates for acidification and decreased the consumption of VFAs through methanogenesis. Moreover, SP accompanied by moderate alkaline condition (i.e. pH 9) showed weaker inhibitory effects on key enzyme activities and metabolic potential of acidification microorganisms than sole pH 10 adjustment. On this basis, a pilot-scale system involving anaerobic fermentation and anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic step-feed bioreaction tanks was established to study the potential of VFAs as supplementary carbon sources for wastewater treatment. The influent of the pilot system was sanitary wastewater characterized by low C/N ratios from a scenic rural area. After flocculation and nutrient precipitation, the fermentation supernatant was mixed with the influent at a volume ratio of 1:30. With this approach, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in effluent fulfilled the first-A wastewater discharge standard in China.

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34

De Smet, J., S. Lenaerts, A. Borremans, J. Scholliers, M. Van Der Borght, and L. Van Campenhout. "Stability assessment and laboratory scale fermentation of pastes produced on a pilot scale from mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)." LWT 102 (March 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.12.017.

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35

Shih, Justin, Ato Fanyin-Martin, Edris Taher, and Kartik Chandran. "Implementation and process analysis of pilot scale multi-phase anaerobic fermentation and digestion of faecal sludge in Ghana." Gates Open Research 1 (November 6, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12754.1.

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Background. In Ghana, faecal sludge (FS) from on-site sanitation facilities is often discharged untreated into the environment, leading to significant insults to environmental and human health. Anaerobic digestion offers an attractive pathway for FS treatment with the concomitant production of energy in the form of methane. Another innovative option includes separating digestion into acidogenesis (production of volatile fatty acids (VFA)) and methanogenesis (production of methane), which could ultimately facilitate the production of an array of biofuels and biochemicals from the VFA. This work describes the development, implementation and modeling based analysis of a novel multiphase anaerobic fermentation-digestion process aimed at FS treatment in Kumasi, Ghana. Methods. A pilot-scale anaerobic fermentation process was implemented at the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly’s Oti Sanitary Landfill Site at Adanse Dompoase. The process consisted of six 10 m3 reactors in series, which were inoculated with bovine rumen and fed with fecal sludge obtained from public toilets. The performance of the fermentation process was characterized in terms of both aqueous and gaseous variables representing the conversion of influent organic carbon to VFA as well as CH4. Using the operating data, the first-ever process model for FS fermentation and digestion was developed and calibrated, based on the activated sludge model framework. Results and Conclusions. This work represents one of the first systematic efforts at integrated FS characterization and process modeling to enable anaerobic fermentation and digestion of FS. It is shown that owing to pre-fermentation of FS in public septage holding tanks, one could employ significantly smaller digesters (lower capital costs) or increased loading capabilities for FS conversion to biogas or VFA. Further, using the first-ever calibrated process model for FS fermentation and digestion presented herein, we expect improved and more mechanistically informed development and application of different process designs and configurations for global FS management practice.

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36

Kong, Ning, Xupeng Mu, Hongzhi Han, and Weiqun Yan. "Pilot-scale fermentation, purification, and characterization of recombinant human Oncostatin M in Pichia pastoris." Protein Expression and Purification 63, no. 2 (February 2009): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2008.10.002.

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37

Chen, H. C., and D. G. Mou. "Pilot-scale multi-stage multi-feeding continuous ethanol fermentation using non-sterile cane molasses." Biotechnology Letters 12, no. 5 (May 1990): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01024433.

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38

Ge, Baosheng, Zhihong Tang, Liping Lin, Yuhong Ren, Yu Yang, and Song Qin. "Pilot-Scale Fermentation and Purification of the Recombinant Allophycocyanin Over-Expressed in Escherichia coli." Biotechnology Letters 27, no. 11 (June 2005): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-005-5794-7.

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39

He, Qin, and Hongzhang Chen. "Pilot-Scale Gas Double-Dynamic Solid-State Fermentation for the Production of Industrial Enzymes." Food and Bioprocess Technology 6, no. 10 (August 30, 2012): 2916–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0956-9.

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40

Sato, Kazuo, Shin-Ichi Miyazaki, Nobuya Matsumoto, Kiyoshi Yoshizawa, and Kin-ichi Nakamura. "Pilot-scale solid-state ethanol fermentation by inert gas circulation using moderately thermophilic yeast." Journal of Fermentation Technology 66, no. 2 (January 1988): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0385-6380(88)90044-1.

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41

Pitol, Luana Oliveira, Alessandra Biz, Edgar Mallmann, Nadia Krieger, and David Alexander Mitchell. "Production of pectinases by solid-state fermentation in a pilot-scale packed-bed bioreactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 283 (January 2016): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.046.

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42

Matsui, Toru, and Yoji Koike. "Methane fermentation of a mixture of seaweed and milk at a pilot-scale plant." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 110, no. 5 (November 2010): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.06.011.

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43

Hashimoto, Andrew G., and Steven A. Robinson. "Pilot-scale operation and economic assessment of a two-stage, straw—manure fermentation system." Resources and Conservation 12, no. 1 (August 1985): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3097(85)90014-8.

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44

Mora-Adames, William Ignacio, Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor, María Angélica Benavides-Martín, Néstor Ariel Algecira-Enciso, and Martha Cecilia Quicazán. "Bee pollen as a novel substrate in pilot-scale probiotic-mediated lactic fermentation processes." LWT 141 (April 2021): 110868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110868.

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45

Cuadrado Osorio, Paula Daniela, Carlos Rafael Castillo-Saldarriaga, Martha Isabel Gómez Alvárez, and Eddy J. Bautista. "Scale-Up of Duddingtonia flagrans Chlamydospores Production from Laboratory to Pilot-Scale Using a Solid-State Fermentation System." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 192, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 1044–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-020-03370-2.

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46

Zulkeflee, Zufarzaana, and Antoni Sánchez. "Solid-state fermentation of soybean residues for bioflocculant production in a pilot-scale bioreactor system." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 6 (July 28, 2014): 1032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.329.

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An innovative approach using soybean residues for the production of bioflocculants through solid-state fermentation was carried out in 4.5 L near-to-adiabatic bioreactors at pilot-scale level. An added inoculum of the strain Bacillus subtilis UPMB13 was tested in comparison with control reactors without any inoculation after the thermophilic phase of the fermentation. The flocculating performances of the extracted bioflocculants were tested on kaolin suspensions, and crude bioflocculants were obtained from 20 g of fermented substrate through ethanol precipitation. The production of bioflocculants was observed to be higher during the death phase of microbial growth. The bioflocculants were observed to be granular in nature and consisted of hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxyl groups that aid in their flocculating performance. The results show the vast potential of the idea of using wastes to produce bioactive materials that can replace the current dependence on chemicals, for future prospect in water treatment applications.

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Racine, Kathryn, Andrew Lee, Brian Wiersema, Haibo Huang, Joshua Lambert, Amanda Stewart, and Andrew Neilson. "Development and Characterization of a Pilot-Scale Model Cocoa Fermentation System Suitable for Studying the Impact of Fermentation on Putative Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity of Cocoa." Foods 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8030102.

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Cocoa is a concentrated source of dietary flavanols—putative bioactive compounds associated with health benefits. It is known that fermentation and roasting reduce levels of native flavonoids in cocoa, and it is generally thought that this loss translates to reduced bioactivity. However, the mechanisms of these losses are poorly understood, and little data exist to support this paradigm that flavonoid loss results in reduced health benefits. To further facilitate large-scale studies of the impact of fermentation on cocoa flavanols, a controlled laboratory fermentation model system was increased in scale to a large (pilot) scale system. Raw cocoa beans (15 kg) were fermented in 16 L of a simulated pulp media in duplicate for 168 h. The temperature of the fermentation was increased from 25–55 °C at a rate of 5 °C/24 h. As expected, total polyphenols and flavanol levels decreased as fermentation progressed (a loss of 18.3% total polyphenols and 14.4% loss of total flavanols during fermentation) but some increases were observed in the final timepoints (120–168 h). Fermentation substrates, metabolites and putative cocoa bioactive compounds were monitored and found to follow typical trends for on-farm cocoa heap fermentations. For example, sucrose levels in pulp declined from >40 mg/mL to undetectable at 96 h. This model system provides a controlled environment for further investigation into the potential for optimizing fermentation parameters to enhance the flavanol composition and the potential health benefits of the resultant cocoa beans.

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Humbert, H., C. Machinal, Ivan Labaye, and J. C. Schrotter. "Virus removal retention challenge tests performed at lab scale and pilot scale during operation of membrane units." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.046.

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The determination of the virus retention capabilities of UF units during operation is essential for the operators of drinking water treatment facilities in order to guarantee an efficient and stable removal of viruses through time. In previous studies, an effective method (MS2-phage challenge tests) was developed by the Water Research Center of Veolia Environnement for the measurement of the virus retention rates (Log Removal Rate, LRV) of commercially available hollow fiber membranes at lab scale. In the present work, the protocol for monitoring membrane performance was transferred from lab scale to pilot scale. Membrane performances were evaluated during pilot trial and compared to the results obtained at lab scale with fibers taken from the pilot plant modules. PFU culture method was compared to RT-PCR method for the calculation of LRV in both cases. Preliminary tests at lab scale showed that both methods can be used interchangeably. For tests conducted on virgin membrane, a good consistency was observed between lab and pilot scale results with the two analytical methods used. This work intends to show that a reliable determination of the membranes performances based on RT-PCR analytical method can be achieved during the operation of the UF units.

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Gottardo, Marco, Federico Micolucci, David Bolzonella, Hinrich Uellendahl, and Paolo Pavan. "Pilot scale fermentation coupled with anaerobic digestion of food waste - Effect of dynamic digestate recirculation." Renewable Energy 114 (December 2017): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.047.

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Kwon, Kooho, Siwon Kim, Yongjun Jung, and Kyungsok Min. "The Recovery of Carbon Source from Municipal Primary Sludge using Pilot Scale Elutriated Acidogenic Fermentation." Journal of Wetlands Research 15, no. 2 (May 31, 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17663/jwr.2013.15.2.165.

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