Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ferralsols'
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Razanamalala, Kanto. "Priming effect : vers un outil de gestion de la fertilité des sols cultivés à Madagascar." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0047/document.
Full textThe priming effect (PE) is the supplementary mineralization of soil organic matter (MOS) after the addition of fresh organic matter. This phenomenon would be generated by two distinct mechanisms, stoichiometric decomposition and "nutrient mining", having their own dynamics, their own actors, their own determinants and their own MO stock targeted. The first would be related to the sequestration of MO in the soil and the other to its destabilization. Understanding how to manage the balance between these processes through agricultural practices, would allow to improve the fertility of soil cultivated in a tropical environment in a context of climate change.To identify the determinants, actors and effects of climate and agricultural practices on the various processes generating PE, we have combined soil physicochemical characterization, characterization of microbial communities and monitoring of mineralization of MO by isotopic techniques. Thus, we were able to identify different bacterial and fungal populations, associated with processes, which we classified in the functional guilds. The size of these guilds determined the balance between the processes, and was correlated with the quality of the MO present in the soil. Specifically, we showed that stoichiometric PE was favored in soils enriched with high quality organic matter and nutrients, N and P, thus maintaining a strong community of decomposers. These decomposers also limit the access of miners to the provided new organic matter hence limiting PE by "nutrient extraction". On agricultural plots, our results suggest that non-tillage, legume-cereal rotations and compost amendments favor these decomposers responsible for the stoichiometric priming effect and thus potentially the long-term stabilization of organic matter in soils
Ranoarisoa, Mahafaka. "Rôle des interactions bactéries-nématodes bactérivores sur la disponibilité du N et P au sein de la rhizosphère du riz sur sol ferrallitique à Madagascar : mécanismes et facteurs de contrôle." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0002/document.
Full textUsing Acrobeloides sp. (Cephalobidae) and Oryza sativa (Poaceae), we aimed at (i) studying the effects of bacterivorous nematodes on plant functions growing in a nutrient-poor soil in Madagascar, (ii) testing the mechanisms involved in the mutualistic activity of the bacterivorous nematodes in a strong P-depleted Ferralsol from the highlands of Madagascar, and (iii) identifying the agronomic and edaphic factors that can drive the soil microbial loop.Two pathways have been proposed to explain the positive effects of bacterial-feeders on nutrients availability and plant functions: mineralization pathway and exploration pathway. In order to test the involvement of each pathway in the mutualistic activity of bacterivorous nematodes, we assessed the effect of nematodes inoculation on inorganic P flows from soil to plant using the 32P labelling technique. When the soil pH was corrected with dolomite lime, we showed that the presence of Acrobeloides sp. improved net P mineralization and plant (Oryza sativa) functions (growth and nutrition) but did not alter lateral root growth as protists do. Indeed, in the presence of nematodes and dolomite, the shoot L-value increased by 49%, the plant total biomass increased by 22% and the plant total P amount increased by 9%. Thus, Acrobeloides sp. increased plant P uptake through the "nutritional" or "mineralization" pathway.The effects of Acrobeloides sp. on Oryza sativa functions were variable (positive, neutral or negative) according to agricultural practices and soil abiotic variables. First, these effects may depend on the rice cultivar used in the experiment. Indeed, the nematodes attractancy to root-adhering soils varied according to upland rice cultivar, probably according to the amount and composition of root exudates. The mutualistic activity of nematodes is also influenced (maximized) by the presence of trees (agroforestry) in the rice field. Besides plants, the abiotic soil parameters were key drivers. The mutualistic activity of nematodes was strongly limited by the ability of Ferralsols to precipitate and chemisorb phosphates. The addition of dolomite lime limited phosphates sorption on soil and enhanced the mutualistic activity of the nematodes. Also, the high values of soil pH and Mg content tended to increase the mutualistic activity of the bacterivorous nematodes on rice growth and nutrition. To conclude, we found that it is possible to drive the mutualistic activity of bacterivorous nematodes in poor tropical soils through specific soil and agricultural practices
BALBINO, LUIZ CARLOS. "Evolution de la structure et des proprietes hydrauliques dans des ferralsols mis en prairie paturee (cerrado, bresil)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAP0033.
Full textTarumoto, Miriam Büchler. "Basalt rock in sugarcane grown in Ferralsols : Changes in crop yield and in soil chemistry, mineralogy, and microbiology /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183479.
Full textBanca: Fernando Dini Andreote
Banca: Heitor Cantarella
Banca: Antonio Carlos de Azevedo
Banca: Eder de Souza Martins
Resumo: Since the sugarcane production mostly in highly weathered Brazilian soils, an alternative to increasing its yields, renewing these soils is required. Remineralization consists in add milled rock into the soils, as a soil conditioner, providing some minerals and elements. Besides the low cost, the consequences of their application are not totally elucidated. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study include the basalt rock dust treatment can improve the sugarcane yield, soil and plant chemical attributes; basalt rock dust increases the microbial index of soil quality; the rock application change microbial communities in the soil; and the rock weathering change the soil mineralogy. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects basalt rock dust application on sugarcane crops its consequences in soil mineralogy and microbiology. Despite not consistent to the four areas, basalt rock dust treatment can improve the sugarcane yield, soil chemical attributes, and microbial index of soil quality but a little is noticed in plant chemical attributes. The microbial diversity was not the same to the four areas, but it can be more related to geographical patterns than rock application, even with a little shift occurring, it cannot be attributed to the treatment. Weathering signals were noticed but there are two questionable points: the time to occur this weathering, may be quicker than it was thought, and the amount of weathered minerals. Basalt rock dust application improves sugarcane yield... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Visto o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar principalmente em solos brasileiros altamente intemperizados, é necessária uma alternativa para aumentar essa produção, renovando os solos. A remineralização consiste em adicionar rocha moída nos solos, como um condicionador de solo, fornecendo alguns minerais e elementos, além do baixo custo, as consequências desta aplicação não são totalmente elucidadas. Portanto, a hipótese deste estudo inclui o tratamento do pó de rocha basáltica, que pode melhorar o rendimento da cana-de-açúcar, os atributos químicos do solo e da planta; o pó de rocha de basalto aumenta o índice microbiano de qualidade do solo; a aplicação da rocha altera as comunidades microbianas no solo; e o intemperismo das rochas altera a mineralogia do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de pó de rocha de basalto na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, suas consequências na mineralogia e na microbiologia do solo. Apesar de não ser consistente com as quatro áreas, o tratamento de pó de rocha de basalto pode melhorar o rendimento da cana-de-açúcar, os atributos químicos do solo e o índice microbiano de qualidade do solo, mas pouco é notado nos atributos químicos da planta. A diversidade microbiana não foi a mesma para as quatro áreas, mas pode estar mais relacionada aos padrões geográficos do que à aplicação da rocha, mesmo com uma pequena mudança ocorrendo, não pode ser atribuída ao tratamento. Sinais de intemperismo foram notados, mas há dois pontos questionáveis: o tempo para ocorrer este intemperismo, pode ser mais rápido do que se pensava, e a quantidade de minerais intemperizados nesse tempo. A aplicação de pó de rocha de basalto melhora o rendimento da cana-de-açúcar, destacando-se suas mudanças mineralógicas no solo e não causa danos à diversidade microbiana do solo. A atividade microbiana e as pistas da microbiologia do solo ...
Doutor
Mulenga, Peter Chikombo. "Effects of applied micronutrients and liming on grain yield and plant composition on three ferralsols on North-Western Zambia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301213.
Full textVolland-Tuduri, Nathalie. "Nature et mode d'assemblage des constituants minéraux et organiques dans des Ferralsols de la région des Cerrados (Brésil). Evolution après mise en culture." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009347.
Full textVolland-Tuduri, Nathalie. "Nature et mode d'assemblage des constituants minéraux et organiques dans des Ferralsols de la région des Cerrados (Brésil) : évolution après mise en culture." Orléans, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009347.
Full textCesar, Ricardo Gonçalves. "Disposição de sedimentos de dragagem em solos tropicais: avaliação de risco ambiental com base em indicadores pedogeoquímicos e ecotoxicológicos." Niterói, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1665.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T16:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Ricardo Cesar-2014.pdf: 8808586 bytes, checksum: 7553914038f43221f7bee0f88ba00197 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências-Geoquímica. Niterói, RJ
O presente trabalho trata da avaliação do risco ecológico associado à disposição de sedimentos de dragagem em latossolos e chernossolos, com base em indicadores pedogeoquímicos e ecotoxicológicos. Para tanto, uma amostra de sedimento dragado oriundo do canal do Cunha (Baía de Guanabara-RJ) foi coletada. Estudos preliminares foram conduzidos com uma amostra de lodo de esgoto, de forma a gerar dados-base que subdiassem a adoção de estratégias analíticas com o sedimento dragado. Além da avaliação dos patógenos, foi realizada a caracterização física, química e mineralógica dos materiais. Bioensaios agudos e crônicos com organismos terrestres (minhocas, colêmbolos, enquitreídeos e alface) e aquáticos (microcrustáceos e algas) foram realizados em misturas solo:resíduo. As doses de sedimento (expressas em %) capazes de causar efeitos significativos a 50% dos organismos-teste (CL50 ou CE50) foram estatisticamente estimadas. Os indicadores foram numericamente integrados visando a construção de um índice de risco ecotoxicológico. Os teores de zinco, cobre, chumbo, mercúrio e cromo no sedimento excederam as concentrações estipuladas pela legislação brasileira. As propriedades dos solos estudados desempenharam papel fundamental na redução dos níveis de ecotoxicidade, com especial atenção aos argilominerais 2:1 e aos altos níveis de fertilidade, capazes de atenuar a ecotoxicidade das misturas de Chernossolo. Com o lodo, a reprodução de algas foi o indicador mais sensível (CE50 = 1,61% em Latossolo). Nas misturas de solo:sedimento, a reprodução de algas, a germinação de alface e a imobilidade de microcrustáceos foram os indicadores mais sensíveis, com CE50 em torno de 3,5% em Latossolo. A estimativa numérica do risco revelou níveis maiores de ecotoxicidade para os tratamentos de Chernossolo. Quando os ensaios de reprodução com colêmbolos são excluídos da análise, os riscos são maiores em Latossolo. Tal fato pode estar associado ao fato de que os colêmbolos estão geralmente menos sensíveis à água intertiscial do solo, se comparados aos demais organismos-teste
This work aims to evaluate the environmental risks associated with the disposal of dredged sediments in ferralsols and chernosols, based on pedogeochemical and ecotoxicological indicators. A sample of dredged sediment was collected in the Cunha channel (Guanabara Bay-RJ). Preliminary studies were conducted with a sewage sludge sample (SL), in order to establish analytical estrategies to be adopted in the assays with the sediment. In addition to the pathogens, the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the materials were characterized. Acute and chronic bioassays with terrestrial (earthworms, springtails, enchytraeids and lettuce) and aquatic (micro-crustaceans and algae) organisms were performed in mixtures of residue:solo. The doses of sediment (in %) required to cause significant effects on 50% of the exposed organisms (LC50 or EC50) were statistically estimated. The indicators were numerically integrated to estimate the potential risks, based on the construction of an ecotoxicological risk index. The concentrations of zinc, copper, lead, mercury and chromium in the dredged sediment were higher than the limits established by Brazilian legislation. Soil properties played an important role in the reduction of ecotoxicity levels, especially 2:1 clay minerals and high levels of fertility, which were able to reduce the ecotoxicity levels in chernosol mixtures. The assays with SL revealed that the reprocuction of algae was the most sensible indicator (EC50 = 1.61% in ferralsol). In mixtures of soil:sediment, the reproduction of algae, germination of lettuce and immobility of microcrustaceans were the most sensible indicators (EC50 ~ 3.5% in ferralsol). The numerical estimation of the potential risks demonstrated the occurrence of higher levels of ecotoxicity for the chernosols treatments. When the reproduction assay with springtails was excluded from the analysis, the values of risk were higher for the ferralsol mixtures. Such fact is due to the lower sensibility of springtails to soil pore water, compared to the other testorganisms
Demenois, Julien. "Quelle influence des symbioses mycorhiziennes et des traits racinaires sur l'érosion des sols tropicaux ? Application à la restauration écologique des écosystèmes forestiers dégradés de Nouvelle-Calédonie sur Ferralsols développés sur substrats ultramafiques." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0011.
Full textTropical forest ecosystems cover nearly half of the world's forest area. These ecosystems provide basic services for the well-being of our societies (e.g. regulation of material flows, soil preservation) are particularly affected (loss and degradation of forests) by global changes. New Caledonia, and its ultramafic substrates, is no exception to this trend. Mining and fires are responsible for forest regression, fragmentation, degradation and soil erosion. The archipelago is ranked among the hotspots of global biodiversity and the ecological restoration of these ecosystems is a major challenge. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the ecological restoration of the forests of New Caledonia in order to limit the erosion of soils on ultramafic substrates and is part of the disciplinary field of the ecology of restoration. The scientific objective is to study the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis and root traits on the erosion of Ferralsols developed on ultramafic substrates through a multi-scale approach. In the first part, we highlight the floristic and structural characteristics of plant communities on ultramafic substrates. These suggest an increased expression of the root traits of dominant species in monodominant forests. The central place of fire and cyclones in the dynamics of plant succession is also emphasized, as well as mycorrhizal symbioses in maintaining the monodominance of Nothofagus aequilateralis. In the second part, our work suggests the existence of a biotic threshold between degraded ligno-herbaceous maquis and ligno-herbaceous maquis. Repeated fires would be the main cause of crossing this threshold. The increase in plant biomass would be the key factor contributing to the stability of the aggregates between these two stages. Thus, fire protection combined with the promotion of plant successions through the use of potentially facilitating species such as Costularia arundinacea could be an efficient strategy for limiting erosion of Ferralsols. In addition, the influence of plant (e.g. floristic composition) and fungal communities (e.g. biomass) on the stability of aggregates is clearly highlighted. The third part aims to evaluate the ability of plant species, combined with mycorrhizal fungi, to increase the stability of aggregates, but also to identify root traits and mycorrhizal associations contributing to this increase. In this section, we demonstrate that the combination of high values for “Root Mass Density - Root Length Density – percentage of fine roots” is effective in increasing aggregate stability. Moreover, the efficacy of this combination of root traits is enhanced by mycorrhizal symbiosis. Thus, of the three plant species evaluated, Costularia arundinacea would be the most effective tool species for increasing the stability of aggregates. This work allowed us to highlight the influence of root traits and mycorrhizal symbiosis on the stability of soil aggregates on Ferralsols on ultramafic substrates, at the scale of plant communities or at the level of plant species. To our knowledge, these results are the first to be acquired on this type of soil. These results make it possible to formulate proposals for the ecological restoration of forest ecosystems in New Caledonia in order to limit soil erosion on ultramafic substrates, but also to sketch new avenues of research
Marques, Flávio Adriano. "Matéria orgânica de Latossolos com horizonte A húmico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-24022010-084403/.
Full textFerralsols with umbric epipedons are soils with important organic carbon (OC) reserves in depth. These soils are common in the Southeast and South regions of Brazil, with fewer occurrences in the Northeast region. Both genesis and organic matter (OM) accumulation aspects of these soils were not completely understood yet. Particularly interesting are the soil processes responsible for thickening (over development) and for OC stability of the umbric horizon. The hypothesis that the OM from umbric epipedon has important pyrogenic carbon (C) contribution is tested. The aim of this work, therefore, was to characterize the chemistry of OM from umbric epipedon and to relate the results with soil genesis and OC preservation. Eigth pedons from different states of Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Pernambuco) under native vegetation were used in the study. Morphological descriptions and routine soil characterization analysis were carried out. Furthermore, humic acids (HA) were extracted from umbric horizon and analyzed by solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, whereas light fractions (free and occluded), humin and alkaline extracts of the OM of the same pedons were analyzed by pyrolysis. The pedons have conspicuous morphological features, such as a developed umbric epipedon, ranging from 120 cm to 220 cm of thickness, and dark colors in depth. The umbric horizons are clayey to heavy clayey, strongly acidic and alic. Dichromate oxidable OC contents account for 2/3 of the total carbon (TC) soil reserve. Kaolinite is the main mineral identified by X ray diffractometry in the clay fraction, followed by gibbsite and vermiculite. Correlations between soil attributes and different forms of oxidable C were significant only for poorly crystalline aluminum forms extracted with oxalate ammonium acid (r2 = 0,69), which could be one of the C stabilization mechanisms. HA shown distinct chemical structures between pedons and also in depth, indicating the effect of the vegetation type. In the studied pedons there are higher relative concentration of alkyl C in surface and O-alkyl C and aromatic C in subsurface. Light fractions, alkaline extracts and humins main pyrolysis products are carbohydrates, aliphatic, and aromatic compounds, but in different proportions. In free light fraction (FLF) fresh residues derived from plants are common, with presence of lignin, whereas in the occluded light fraction (OLF), aromatic and aliphatic compounds predominate. Extracts are enriched in carbohydrates and N compounds. The hypothesis of a highly recalcitrant MO, produced by the fragments of charcoal in partial decomposition has been rejected, since they were found only into OLF, which has little importance in the TC content of soil. The stabilization of organic matter in these Ferralsols depends on a combination of abundant biomass input and the action of mechanisms to retard the mineralization of OM, such as a strong association with clay minerals.
Lahlah, Jasmina. "Résilience géochimique et microbienne d'un ferralsol associée à des alternances d'aération et d'apport de vinasse de rhumerie." Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG0618.
Full textThe spreading of liquid by-products of food industry enables their elimination and supplies the soil with nutrients for plants. Unfortunately, it simultaneously favours anoxia and anaerobic microbial activities that may lead to various geochemical changes, including mineral alterations/neo-formations and metal mobilizations. It also favours changes in microbial taxonomic and functional diversities. The soil resilience has not been checked until now. The goals of this work were therefore (i) to confirm already obtained results dealing with microbial and geochemical changes in anoxic conditions, (ii) to assess for microbial and geochemical resiliences after the return to oxic conditions, and (iii) to describe the survival of anaerobic microorganisms in oxic conditions. Incubations of slurries of a ferralsol of Reunion Island were performed with successively oxic and anoxic conditions, rum vinasse being supplied at the beginning of each of the anoxic periods. Measurements were performed at some dates to characterize the composition of the gaseous headspace of the flasks, the slurry solution (pH, organic and mineral compounds, including metal elements), solid phases (iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxidation level, soil CEC) and microbial communities (fungal biomass, bacteria and archaea numbers, numbers of cultivable fermentative bacteria and Fe(III) reducers, bacteria molecular diversity). Under anoxic conditions, main biotransformations included fermentations, true acetogenesis, Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reductions, SO42- reduction and acetoclastic methanogenesis. They led to a great mobilization of Fe and Mn, as well as an increase in soil CEC. Bacteria and Archaea numbers increased during fermentations and methanogenesis, respectively, whereas fungal biomass remained constant during 28 days in anoxic conditions. Microbial molecular diversity was changed with the appearance of dominant peaks in CE-SSCP characterizations after 2 days of anoxia, but this diversity became more complex for longer anoxic periods. The return to oxic conditions induced the oxidative immobilization of Fe, the exchange of adsorbed Fe(II) with other metals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Pb, Ni …) from which the mobility decreased suddenly. Mn(II) in solution and solid phases was not oxidised for 28 day oxic periods. The soil CEC remained higher than its initial value and Fe solid phases evolved to phases that differed from initial phases and phases at the end of the anoxic period. The fungal biomass transiently increased, whereas the bacteria number didn't vary and the archaea number slightly decreased for treatments in which methanogenesis previously enabled their growth. The bacteria molecular diversity was modified again with the appearance of peaks in CE-SSCP, some ones being already observed after the beginning of anoxic conditions. The persistence of some peaks that appeared in anoxic conditions and the definitive disappearance of other peaks in anoxic conditions suggest that microbial resilience was only partial even after 28 days in oxic conditions. A period in oxic conditions between 2 periods in anoxic conditions did neither affect the growth of bacteria, archaea and cultivable fermentative bacteria, nor the microbial fermentations and Fe(III) reduction during the second anoxic period
Reatto, Adriana. "Nature et propriétés de l'horizon diagnostic de Latosols du Plateau Central brésilien." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452642.
Full textReatto-Braga, Adriana. "Nature et propriétés de l'horizon diagnostic de Latosols du Plateau Central brésilien." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372888.
Full textJunior, Afrânio Ferreira Neves. "Qualidade física de solos com horizonte antrópico (Terra Preta de Índio) na Amazônia Central." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-28072008-155658/.
Full textAmazonian Dark Earth (ADE) presents an Anthropic A horizon, with dark color and presence of lithic and ceramics sherds. Those topsoil characteristics resulted from old Indian settlements from the pre-Columbian time in the Amazon Basin. ADE shows differences from the surrounding soils by its very good soil chemical characteristics and that are still in the most sites very fertile and productive after long time of cultivation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that ADE presents good soil physical conditions to plant growth, and more appropriate than the surrounding soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties of Anthropic horizons of two sites with ADE. The soil physical properties were discussed concerning the potencial impacts on plant growth. The Anthropic horizons from two ADE sites were sampled and also the A horizon from the surrounding soil. The ADE sites sampled were located in the Amazonas State in Brazil, one at the Experimental Research Station of Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental (Campo Experimental do Caldeirão) - Iranduba, the surrounding soil was an Dystric Yellow Acrisol. The another site was located near the city of Manacapuru - AM in a private farm. The adjacent soil in this area was classified as Dystric Yellow Ferralsol. At the depth of 0-0,05 m, 120 soil cores were collected along with eight soil box (7,0 x 15 x 22 cm). At the laboratory, soil samples were analyzed to determine: soil water retention curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance curve, bulk density, particle density, total porosity, aggregate stability, tensile strength and friability. The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) and S indexes were used as soil physical quality indicators. The hypothesis was partially proven. The soil quality indexes indicated that ADE presented appropriate soil physical conditions for plant growth; however, the ADE had no better soil physical quality than the surrounding soil.
Iddris, Najeeb Al-Amin. "Trace gas fluxes from soils and tree stems of rainforests and cacao agroforests in the Congo Basin, Cameroon." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13D6-4.
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