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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ferric sulphate

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ferric sulphate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ferric sulphate"

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Drewnoski, Mary E., Perry Doane, and Stephanie L. Hansen. "Ferric citrate decreases ruminal hydrogen sulphide concentrations in feedlot cattle fed diets high in sulphate." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 2 (July 23, 2013): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513002304.

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Dissimilatory reduction of sulphate by sulphate-reducing bacteria in the rumen produces sulphide, which can lead to a build-up of the toxic gas hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in the rumen when increased concentrations of sulphate are consumed by ruminants. We hypothesised that adding ferric Fe would competitively inhibit ruminal sulphate reduction. The effects of five concentrations and two sources (ferric citrate or ferric ammonium citrate) of ferric Fe were examinedin vitro(n6 per treatment). Rumen fluid was collected from a steer that was adapted to a high-concentrate, high-sulphate diet (0·51 % S). The addition of either source of ferric Fe decreased (P< 0·01) H2S concentrations without affecting gas production (P= 0·38), fluid pH (P= 0·80) orin vitroDM digestibility (P= 0·38) after a 24 h incubation. Anin vivoexperiment was conducted using eight ruminally fistulated steers (543 (sem12) kg) in a replicated Latin square with four periods and four treatments. The treatments included a high-concentrate, high-sulphate control diet (0·46 % S) or the control diet plus ferric ammonium citrate at concentrations of 200, 300 or 400 mg Fe/kg diet DM. The inclusion of ferric Fe did not affect DM intake (P= 0·21). There was a linear (P< 0·01) decrease in the concentration of ruminal H2S as the addition of ferric Fe concentrations increased. Ferric citrate appears to be an effective way to decrease ruminal H2S concentrations, which could allow producers to safely increase the inclusion of ethanol co-products.

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Yaacob, Syahrul Syazwan, A. Sabri, and A. Yuzir. "Sulphate Reduction Control to Enhance Methane Composition in Anaerobic Digester." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.205.

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The aim of this research is to investigate addition of iron (ferric chloride) to control of sulphate reduction in order to enhance the methane production under laboratory scale. The bioreactor Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) undergoes continuous operation under anaerobic condition treating synthetic sulphate enriched wastewater. The wastewater used as influent wastewater with a total COD 8000 mg.L-1. The experiment was conducted for about 64 days and was operated at constant OLR of 2.0(±0.1) kgCOD.m-3.d-1 by maintaining a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 days. The UASB then were feed with sulphate and give the COD/SO4 ratio 5.3, 2.5 and 1.5. Then amount of ferric chloride at 10.4, 22.2 and 44.5 mM was introduce just after methane producing bacteria (MPB) were completely inhibited by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) due to decreasing of methane composition (CH4) and high level production of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The obtained results showed that the FeCl3 negatively impacted the anaerobic digestion process since with each of COD/SO42- ratio, and the amount addition of ferric chloride to feed regime, gives promotion on methane production, with 67, 70 and 69% after approximately 10 to 15 days operating at critical conditions.

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Närvänen, Aaro, Håkan Jansson, and Markku Yli-Halla. "Treatment of wastewater from milk rooms with ferric sulphate." River Systems 13, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2002): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/13/2002/333.

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Hendrich, Suzanne, Maohong Fan, Shih wu Sung, Robert C. Brown, Semakaleng Lebepe Mazur, Ronald Myers, and Gary Osweiler. "Toxicity evaluation of polymeric ferric sulphate." International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 1, no. 4 (2001): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2001.000775.

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Hussein, Tamara Kawther, and Nidaa Adil Jasim. "Removal of Reactive Green 12 Dye and COD from Simulated Wastewater Using Different Coagulants." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.2.002.

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The ability of using each of the following: aluminum sulphate (Al2(SO4)3.16H2O), ferric chloride (FeCl3), and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) as chemical coagulants was investigated for removing of reactive green 12 (RG 12) dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from simulated wastewater. Best pH , coagulants dosages, and initial concentrations were obtained by jar test. The maximum efficiency for removing RG-12 and COD recorded by ferric chloride were 98% and 88 %, by alum were 95% and 88%, and by ferrous sulphate were 70% and 50%. All these results obtained at the best pH 6, dosage 100 mg/l and initial concentrations for RG-12 and COD 50 mg/l and 600 mg/l respectively. The maximum volume of sludge was for alum coagulant 14 ml/l, 12 ml/l for ferric chloride and 0.5 ml/l for ferrous sulphate. The study improved that it is possible to use each of aluminum sulphate, ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate as an economical coagulant to treat the wastewater which it is polluted with RG 12 dye and COD.

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Bernard, Kameni Ngounou M., Ndi K. Sylvere, Kofa G. Patrice, and Kayem G. Joseph. "Coagulation and Sedimentation of Concentrated Laterite Suspensions: Comparison of Hydrolyzing Salts in Presence of Grewia spp. Biopolymer." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (February 7, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1431694.

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Coagulation and sedimentation performances of aluminum sulphate and ferric chloride were comparatively investigated in presence of Grewia spp. biopolymer for the treatment of concentrated laterite suspensions. Jar tests experiments were carried out at different laterite suspension concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g/L) and pH values (5 and 7). The performances of these coagulants were assessed in terms of interfacial settling velocities and sediment concentration factors. Results showed that after addition of Grewia spp. biopolymer, sedimentation velocities were greater when ferric chloride and aluminum sulphate were used alone. When hydrolyzing salts were used alone, the highest settling velocities were obtained with 10 g/L of laterite suspension at pH 5 and settling speeds were 0.22 and 0.28 cm/min for aluminum sulphate and ferric chloride, correspondingly. Addition of Grewia spp. biopolymer led to an increase of settling velocities to 0.56 and 0.57 cm/min, respectively. The sediment concentration factor was also found to be high when Grewia spp. was added. With 30 g/L of laterite suspension, sediment concentration factors at pH 5 were 1.47 and 2.12 for aluminum sulphate and ferric chloride separately. Addition of Grewia spp. biopolymer with aluminum sulphate and ferric chloride produced more compact sludge with sediment concentration factors of 4 and 3.13, respectively. Flocs structures could successfully explain the obtained results.

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T, Sumabala, and Munilakshmi N. "Decolourization of Reactive Dye by using Novel Adsorbent." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f5527.0510121.

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The color of dye aqueous solution which cannot be removed by coagulation was selected to decolourize it through adsorption process by using novel adsorbents namely Flocs of Ferric Sulphate, Aluminium sulphate and Manganese sulphate. In order to know efficacy of adsorbents, batch sorption studies and equilibrium studies were conducted. Good color removal was achieved with Ferric sulphate at pH::4 and Manganese Sulphate at pH::10, which will be applicable to reduce the industrial dye effluent pollution. Equilibrium data applied to Langmuir Isotherm, was best fitted, stating monolayer formation and kinetic data applied to pseudo second order equation, was well fitted, stating that chemisorption is the rate limiting step.

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Harini, N. S., and Dr Deepa. "Chemistry of Ferric Sulphate in Pulpotomy – Monograph." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 16, no. 05 (May 2017): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-1605057072.

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Dave, Shailesh R., T. J. Shah, and D. R. Tipre. "Development of an Extremophilic Iron Oxidizing Consortium and a Fixed Film Bioreactor for Generation of Ferric Lixivient." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.501.

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Acidophilic iron-oxidizing microorganisms are important for both, the environment and for biotechnological applications. Biogeneration of ferric from ferrous iron was studied using an iron-oxidizing consortium developed during polymetallic concentrate bioleaching. A promising iron oxidizing consortium was developed by adaptation and selection, which resulted in bacterial iron oxidation activity under the extreme conditions of 250 g/L ferrous sulphate as initial substrate and 500 g/L ferric sulphate. The development of iron oxidizers improved the iron oxidation rate from 0.019 to as high as 0.6 g/L/h in the shake flask studies with 25 % initial ferrous sulphate in the medium. The consortium showed dominance of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. A fixed film bioreactor was further developed to improve rates of iron oxidation. The developed fixed film bioreactor operated successfully for 200 batches without external addition of inoculum with the highest iron oxidation rate of 1.89 g/L/h. The biological ferric iron generation process provides continuous leaching agent in the form of ferric sulphate, which would be a promising eco-friendly biotechnological process for the indirect extraction of precious metals from sulphidic mineral concentrates.

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Massacci, P., M. Recinella, and L. Piga. "Factorial experiments for selective leaching of zinc sulphide in ferric sulphate media." International Journal of Mineral Processing 53, no. 4 (May 1998): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-7516(98)00002-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ferric sulphate"

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Dalzell, David James Blair. "The toxicity of iron to the brown trout, Salmo trutta L." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337533.

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De, Klerk Richard. "Investigating the continuous circuit coprecipitation of arsenic(V) with ferric iron in sulphate media." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21969.

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This thesis presents the results of an investigation on the impact of continuous circuit and solution parameters on coprecipitation of arsenic with ferric iron from acidic sulphate solution. The techniques employed were selected, or developed, to emulate industrial practice. The concept behind the work was to better understand the link between the process of precipitation and the stability of arsenic in the resultant coprecipitates. This was performed by examining the role of circuit design and co-ions on both arsenic removal during coprecipitation and arsenic retention during ageing. The parameters/factors investigated included continuous versus batch operation, number of stages (pH profile), recycling and Ca2+, Ni2+ and Al3+ as co-ions. Arsenic removal was found to be greatly improved by continuous rather than batch coprecipitation. In addition, the presence of calcium (introduced as slaked lime) was found to be instrumental in the removal and retention of arsenic. Arsenic retention during ageing (up to 300 days) at various temperatures (3, 22, 40 and 70°C) was observed to reach an "equilibrium" that was strongly affected by the continuous circuit design, as well as the co-ions present during coprecipitation. Evidence is presented of the partitioning of arsenic within the coprecipitates in two principal phases, namely ferric arsenate (FeAsO4•xH2O) and arsenic adsorbed ferrihydrite. Continuous circuit design parameters, such as staging, that resulted in enhanced stability appear to yield coprecipitates with higher ferric arsenate content. Analysis of the kinetic and "equilibrium" arsenic retention data yielded activation energy (~ 60 kJ/mol) and enthalpy (~ -38.5 kJ/mol) values that suggest a reaction controlled exothermic dissolution mechanism.
Ce mémoire de maîtrise présente les résultats d'une étude portée sur la co-précipitation de l'arsenic et des ions ferriques en solution aqueuse sulfatée. L'utilisation d'un procédé continu et les paramètres de la solution ont été considérés comme cibles d'étude. Les techniques employées ont été sélectionnées ou développées afin de simuler les méthodes opératoires industrielles. L'idée directrice de ce travail était d'aboutir à une meilleure compréhension sur les liens entre les mécanismes de précipitation et la stabilité de l'arsenic dans les co-précipités formés. Aussi, le rôle du design du procédé ainsi que celui des co-ions sur l'extraction, respectivement la stabilisation de l'arsenic ont fait l'objet d'un examen approfondi à court terme soit au stade de co-precipitation, respectivement à long terme durant le vieillissement de la solution. Les paramètres/facteurs étudiés incluaient le caractère continu du procédé (en comparaison avec un procédé discontinu), le nombre d'étapes (le profile pH), le recyclage des produits solides et la nature (Ca2+, Ni2+ et Al3+) des co-ions introduits dans le système. Cette étude a montré que l'utilisation d'un procédé continu (en comparaison avec un procédé discontinu) améliorait considérablement l'extraction de l'arsenic à partir de solutions aqueuses sulfatées. Aussi, la présence de calcium (introduit sous forme de chaux hydratée) s'est avérée profitable à l'extraction de l'arsenic à court et à long terme. Il a été observé que la stabilisation de l'arsenic dans le cas des expériences de vieillissement (d'une durée de 300 jours) performées à différentes températures (3, 22, 40 et 70°C) atteignait un état d'équilibre fortement influencé par le design du procédé continu ainsi que par les co-ions présents lors de la co-précipitation. Il a été mis en évidence que lors de la phase de co-précipitation, l'arsenic était réparti sous forme de de

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Krokowski, Jan Tomasz. "An investigation into nutrient fluxes in a lowland, pumped-storage reservoir during ferric sulphate dosing." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29796.

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This study (between August 1992-May 1994) of the impact of ferric sulphate dosing, examined phosphorous and nitrogen inputs and outputs, nutrient fluxes within the water column, and phosphorus sediment-water interactions in Rutland Water. Rutland Water, a lowland, eutrophic pumped-storage reservoir in the UK experienced severe cyanobacterial blooms and scums during the late summer of 1989 which received national media attention. In response to this, from June 1990, ferric sulphate was added to the reservoir with the pumped input from the rivers Nene and Welland to attempt to precipitate phosphorus to the sediments to limit phytoplankton abundance. The seasonality of phosphorus and nitrogen loadings influenced in-lake nutrient concentrations and subsequent phytoplankton biomass. The pumped input was the dominant source; the natural inflows were insignificant. Ferric sulphate did not influence nutrient temporal and spatial patterns, although the decline in in-lake phosphorus concentrations between 1990 and 1991 was related primarily to the decline in the annual phosphorus loading during drought conditions and also to the large quantities dosed. Wind-generated mixing, together with the effect of the jetted input were sufficient to prevent the development of full stratification, although at the deepest site slight dissolved oxygen stratification developed during summer. Nutrient depth variation was attributed to sedimentation and subsequent decomposition of organic matter in the bottom waters. Ferric sulphate increased phosphorus sedimentation, which was the dominant downward flux. Ferric sulphate floc increased the sediment redox potential, lowered pH and increased the phosphorus-binding capacity of the sediments, although the high ratio of total iron:total phosphorus already present was inferred as governing the strong phosphorus-binding capacity. Although no sediment phosphorus release was detected under the redox-driven mechanism, any potentially released phosphorus influenced by microbiological actions was reprecipitated to the sediments due to the maintenance of relatively aerobic conditions in the water column.

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Correia, José Carlos Paiva. "Tratamento de efluentes de suinicultura por coagulação/floculação. Estudo comparativo da utilização de biopolímeros versus coagulantes convencionais." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5332.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Given the growing food requirements, mainly due to the increase of the world population, the global livestock sector is more intensive. The pig production, an important sector follows this trend yielding large quantities of slurry, rich in nutrients, organic matter and higher amount of metals in the livestock effluents. Physico-chemical processes procedures are effective in the treatment of effluents, which includes coagulation / flocculation. This tecnhology was selected for the development of an experimental study on a raw effluent to simulate reality, where the nutrient removals were analyzed by coagulation / flocculation. In this study the effectiveness of conventional coagulants and polymers was compared, after optimization of the dose, agitation time and speed and volume of sludge produced. The biopolymer used was chitosan, because it is abundant and natural. Aluminum sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) was found to be more effective than ferric chloride (FeCl3), two of the most commonly used coagulant in the treatment of waste water. Comparing the results with the ones obtained by natural sedimentation, it is shown that the coagulation / flocculation is effective in removing turbidity and COD, and especially in the removal of metals analyzed. These removals exceed 60% and reduce the sludge volume by about 38%. The phosphorus, element which can cause eutrophization of the water is removed almost entirely (around 70%-94%).

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Pániková, Kristína. "Efekt kombinace dávkování koagulantu a flokulantu na odvodňování čistírenských kalů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391936.

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Sludge treatment and disposal are one of the most important parts of sewage treatment. These are economically challenging parts, and therefore emphasis is placed on effective dosing. The dose should be as small as possible but also the highest dry matter output. The main target of this diploma thesis is therefore to show that it is possible to achieve the same or better degree of drainage of the sludge if different flocculant/coagulant ratio is applied to the sludge. Diploma thesis deals with determination of the optimal combination of chemical doses during sludge dewatering. The thesis contains two parts, practical and theoretical. The theoretical part consists of research, overview of processed research and works in the area of sludge dewatering. The second part is a description of laboratory measurements and evaluation of results.

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Heiderscheidt, E. (Elisangela). "Evaluation and optimisation of chemical treatment for non-point source pollution control:purification of peat extraction runoff water." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213200.

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Abstract Chemical treatment is considered best available technology for purification of peat extraction runoff in Finland, due to its capability to remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended solids and nutrients. However, lack of optimisation and adaptation of this method for purification of diffuse pollution sources, e.g., peat extraction runoff, has led to significant fluctuations in purification efficiency. This thesis evaluated the suitability of commercially available coagulants for the treatment of typically humic water. Inorganic (ferric sulphate, aluminium sulphate and a mixed product) and organic (polyDADMAC, polyamine, chitosan and tannin products) coagulants were studied. Investigations included assessment of required dosage and the influence of process parameters (pollutant concentration, mixing, water pH and temperature) on coagulant performance. In addition, the process conditions in existing treatment systems were examined in field experiments aimed at identifying possible factors affecting purification. Ferric sulphate (FS) was the most effective of the coagulants tested. It produced excellent flocs and achieved higher removal efficiency, particularly for DOC, than the other coagulants. However, the dosage required for FS was significantly higher than for e.g., polyDADMAC and chitosan. Moreover, samples treated with FS displayed high iron concentration and acidic pH. The organic polymers achieved satisfactory results, but further research is needed before they can become viable alternatives to metal salts. The quality of peat extraction runoff water was found to vary significantly. It was also observed that variations in DOC concentration, even for particulate rich samples, controlled coagulant dosage and, consequently, treatment efficiency. For inorganic coagulants, mixing provided during flocculation had a more significant influence on purification than mixing provided during coagulation. This is relevant hence in now existing treatment facilities no mixing is employed during flocculation. Based on the research conducted, suggestions were formulated for process optimisation aimed at reducing variations in purification efficiency, thus increasing the reliability of the method and reducing related environmental impacts
Tiivistelmä Turvetuotannon valumavesien käsittelyssä yksi parhaista käyttökelpoisistatekniikoista on kemiallinen käsittely, koska se pystyy poistamaan valumavedestä liukoista orgaanista hiiltä (DOC), kiintoainetta ja ravinteita. Tästä huolimatta kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointia ei ole tehty hajakuormitukselle, kuten turvetuotannon valumavesille, minkä seurauksena valumavesien puhdistustuloksissa on suurta vaihtelua. Tässä väitöstyössä tutkittiin markkinoilla saatavilla olevien kemikaalien sopivuutta turvetuotannon humuspitoisille valumavesille. Tutkimuksessa testattiin epäorgaanisia (ferrisulfaatti, alumiinisulfaatti ja näiden sekoitus) ja orgaanisia (polyDADMAC, polyamiini, kitosaani ja tanniinipohjaisia polymeerejä) koagulanttikemikaaleja. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin koagulanttien annostarpeet sekä erilaisten prosessiparametrien (vedenlaatu, sekoittaminen, pH ja lämpötila) vaikutus koagulanttien toimintaan. Laboratoriotutkimusten lisäksi väitöstyö sisälsi kenttämittauksia turvetuotannon valumavesien tyypillisten kemiallisen vesienkäsittelyn prosessiparametrien selvittämiseksi. Tutkituista koagulanteista rautasulfaatti oli tehokkain. Se tuotti hyvin laskeutuvaa flokkia ja poisti parhaiten valumavesien orgaanista ainesta. Rautasulfaatti vaati kuitenkin selkeästi suuremman annostuksen kuin esimerkiksi polyDADMAC ja kitosaani. Lisäksi puhdistettuun veteen jäi paljon rautaa ja vesi oli hapanta. Orgaanisilla kemikaaleilla saavutettiin myös kohtalainen/melko hyvä puhdistustulos, mutta lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan ennen kuin ne voivat olla vaihtoehtona epäorgaanisille kemikaaleille. Turvetuotannon valumaveden laatu vaihteli paljon. Valumaveden orgaanisen aineen määrän vaihtelulla oli suurin vaikutus kemikaalin annostukseen ja puhdistustulokseen. Sekoituksista kemiallisen käsittelyn flokkulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella oli suurempi vaikutus puhdistustulokseen kuin koagulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella. Tutkituilla turvetuotantoalueilla ei kuitenkaan ollut tällä hetkellä riittävää sekoitusta flokkulaatiovaiheessa. Tässä väitöstyössä esitetään parannuksia kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointiin paremman ja vakaamman puhdistustuloksen aikaansaamiseksi humuspitoisille vesille

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Hatt, Juliette W. "Pretreatment options for municipal wastewater reuse using membrane technology." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10200.

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Increasing freshwater scarcity across the world means that wastewater reclamation is being considered as a key method in which to meet the growing demand. Evolution of water reuse schemes where high quality product is required such as for indirect potable reuse has led to the adoption in recent years of the integrated membrane scheme using a combination of microfiltration or ultrafiltration with reverse osmosis membrane. However, despite technological advancements, these membranes are still prone to fouling resulting in increased costs through cleaning or replacement. This thesis aims to look at pretreatment to reduce the fouling propensity of the microfiltration membranes via a 600m3 /d pilot plant which was commissioned to investigate indirect potable reuse. A range of pretreatments including pre-screening, pre-coagulation, powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon were assessed based on fouling amelioration, water quality improvement and cost analysis. Results showed that ferric sulphate dosing was the most effective in terms of reducing the reversible fouling rate especially at high turbidity loads enabling higher flux to be realised leading to a small cost benefit. Activated carbon proved the most effective pretreatment in terms of organic removal and a significant reduction in the irreversible fouling rate. However, the cost involved in using this as a pretreatment is significant compared to possible cost savings through reduced requirement for chemical cleaning. This pretreatment is only viable if it obviates the need for a separate organic removal process.

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Fowler, Terry-Ann. "Kinetics of the ferric sulphate leaching of sphalerite and sphalerite/pyrite mixtures : a study of the chemical leaching of base metal minerals under conditions similar to that of bio-leaching by thiobacilli." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21699.

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Bibliography: pages 98-105.
The work presented in this dissertation is an investigation of-the ferric leaching of zinc from sphalerite. A further aspect of this study was an investigation of the influence of pyrite on the dissolution rate of sphalerite due to possible galvanic interactions. This study is one component of a larger study of the sub-processes involved in the bioleaching of sulphide minerals in which the ferric leaching of the sulphide mineral is assumed to be a chemical step with the bacteria oxidising ferrous iron to ferric iron and elemental sulphur, if formed, to sulphate. The literature showed that two types of model have been used to describe the ferric leaching of the sphalerite. The first type was a shrinking-particle model in which there action was described by first order kinetics or an electrochemical mechanism. The second type included a mass transfer resistance in terms of a shrinking-core model described by half-order kinetics or a decaying diffusion coefficient. All four of these models were tested for their ability to predict published data for the ferric leaching of sphalerite. It was found that the models fitted the data for the initial period of a leach up to conversions of about 50%. However, no one of the models was found to be successful in predicting the data for prolonged leaching to high conversions.

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Hellige, Katrin [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Peiffer. "The reactivity of ferric (hydr)oxides towards dissolved sulphide / Katrin Hellige. Betreuer: Stefan Peiffer." Bayreuth : Universitätsbibliothek Bayreuth, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015875378/34.

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Furamera, Tendai Attan. "A Preliminary investigation of the ferric leaching of a mixed sulphide copper concentrate at controlled redox potentials." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5332.

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Bibliography: leaves 63-68.
This thesis is part of the greater study and looks into understanding the ferric leaching sub-process by establishing an effective way of measuring the rate of the chemical leach process.

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Books on the topic "Ferric sulphate"

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Lin, H. K. Ferric chloride leaching of the Delta sulfide ores and gold extraction from the leaching residue. Fairbanks, Alaska: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ferric sulphate"

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Ferron, C. J. "Atmospheric Leaching of Zinc Sulphide Concentrates Using Regenerated Ferric Sulphate Solutions." In Lead-Zinc 2000, 709–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118805558.ch47.

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Dutrizac, J. E., and T. T. Chen. "Reaction of galena in ferric sulphate—sulphuric acid media." In Hydrometallurgy ’94, 125–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1214-7_7.

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Randive, P. S., D. P. Singh, A. G. Bhole, V. P. Varghese, and A. M. Badar. "Evaluation of Fractal Growth Characteristic of Flocs for Aluminium Sulphate and Ferric Chloride Using Microscopy Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 487–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6463-5_46.

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Dutrizac, John E., and Tzong T. Chen. "Behavior of Various Impurities during the Precipitation of Hematite from Ferric Sulphate Solutions at 225°C." In T.T. Chen Honorary Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Electrometallurgy and Materials Characterization, 489–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364833.ch44.

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Nair, Ajay, Adam Prescott, and John Chambers. "Ferric Nitrate Dosing at Morecambe WWTW for Sulphide Control." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V, 47–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72279-0_5.

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Murphy, J. E., and M. M. Wong. "Lead production from high-grade galena concentrates by ferric chloride leaching and molten-salt electrolysis." In Sulphide deposits—their origin and processing, 271–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0809-3_18.

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Craigen, W. J. S., F. J. Kelly, D. H. Bell, and J. A. Wells. "Evaluation of the CANMET Ferric Chloride Leach (FCL) process for treatment of complex base-metal sulphide ores." In Sulphide deposits—their origin and processing, 255–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0809-3_17.

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Lopez, F. A., P. Gonzalez, F. J. Garcia, A. Rubio, and A. Lopez-Delgado. "Iron Oxidation of Sulfuric Water Pickling Liquors by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Crystallisation of Ferric and Ammonium Sulphates." In Biotechnology for Waste Management and Site Restoration, 107–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1467-4_13.

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Weiner, J. S., and Chris Stringer. "The Full Extent." In The Piltdown Forgery. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198607809.003.0012.

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Almost any single one of the techniques employed in the investigations suffices to reveal the elaborateness of the deception which was perpetrated at Piltdown. The anatomical examination, the tests for fluorine and nitrogen bear particularly good witness to this; even the radio-activity results taken alone, led the physicists to remark on the ‘great range of activity shown by specimens from this one little site’; ‘it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the different bones in the Piltdown assemblage have had very different geological and chemical histories’. We have merely to take account of the stained condition of the whole assemblage, to realize the thoroughness of the fraud. From the Vandyke brown colour of the unnaturally abraded canine we infer with certainty that it was deliberately ‘planted’. The superficiality of the iron impregnation, combined with the chromium, tells as much as regards the orang jaw. And it is this iron-staining which finally shows that the rest, human and animal, was without doubt, all ‘planted’. The iron-staining has two peculiar features. It seems probable that ferric ammonium sulphate (iron alum) was the salt employed. This salt is slightly acid. The peculiarity of this salt (and, indeed, of any acid sulphate) is that in bone which contains little organic matter such as the cranium of Piltdown I, or Piltdown II, the beaver bones and hippo teeth, it brings about a detectable change in the crystal structure of the bone. In the apatite in which the calcium of the bone is held, the phosphate is replaced by sulphate to form gypsum. This change is quite unnatural, for neither gypsum nor sufficient sulphate occur in the gravels at Piltdown to bring it about. So the iron-sulphate-staining is an integral part of the forger’s necessary technique. He also used chromium compounds to aid the iron-staining probably because he thought it would assist the production of iron oxide. Chromium compounds are oxidizing. The basic strategy underlying the Piltdown series of forgeries now seems reasonably clear. Two main elements in the plan taken together explain nearly all the features of the affair quite satisfactorily.

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Andrews, L., and R. K. W. Merkle. "Mineralogical factors affecting arsenopyrite oxidation rate during acid ferric sulphate and bacterial leaching of refractory gold ores." In Biohydrometallurgy and the Environment Toward the Mining of the 21st Century - Proceedings of the International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium, 109–17. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1572-4409(99)80010-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ferric sulphate"

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Hong, Hocheng, and Umesh U. Jadhav. "Novel Sustainable Metal Removal by Biologically Produced Ferric Sulphate." In 2011 Second International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdma.2011.192.

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GASIŪNAS, Valerijus. "EFFICIENCY OF FERRIC SULPHATE FOR REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM MEAT PROCESSING WASTEWATER." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.077.

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Meat processing wastewater is heavily contaminated with phosphorus. It can be removed from wastewater by the use of flocculants. Phosphorus removal efficiency was estimated by treating wastewater with ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 percent of the active ingredient Fe3+ by weight. The research was conducted with wastewater pretreated in an aeration tank. Wastewater, containing 41.0 ± 3.5 mg l-1 of total phosphorus (TP), was dispensed into calibrated 1.0 liter containers with the following concentrations of flocculating agent: 0, 30, 75, 120, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1,050 mg/l. The study showed that TP removal efficiency depends on the flocculant dose used for treatment. Increasing the flocculant dose decreases the efficiency of TP removal. One gram of Fe3+, given the flocculant dose of 40 gFe3+/m3, removed 0.5 g/m3 of TP, while 120 g/m3 of the flocculant removed around 40 percent less. According to the dependence of total P removed on the flocculant dose calculated by its active ingredient Fe3+, ferric sulphate flocculant is the most effective at doses of up to 60–80 g/m3 of Fe3+. The use of ferric sulphate may be limited by its impact on pH and sulphate concentrations in the effluent wastewater. If pH is not additionally adjusted, a maximum concentration of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used in order to maintain the pH of wastewater above 6.5 and to keep final sulphate concentration below 300 mg/l. In summary, a maximum of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used based on the total P removal efficiency and limiting factors. Such dose could remove 28 g total P/m3 from the wastewater. Since the permissible total P concentration in effluent wastewater is 4.0 mg/l, it is reasonable to use the ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 % of Fe3+ as an active ingredient, for treating wastewater with an initial total P concentration of up to 32 mg/l.

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Li, Li-Jun, Pei-Shi Qi, Yun-Zhi Liu, Zheng Qi, and Jun-Jie Zhao. "Poly Ferric Silicate Sulphate (PFSiS): Characterization, Coagulation Behavior and Applications in Oily Wastewater Treatment." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163205.

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Mahalhal, Awad, John Mansfield, Mark Sampson, Stephen Lewis, Chris Lamb, Alessandra Frau, DM Pritchard, and Chris Probert. "PTH-102 Ferric maltol, unlike ferrous sulphate, does not adversely affect the intestinal microbiome." In British Society of Gastroenterology Annual Meeting, 17–20 June 2019, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-bsgabstracts.161.

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Seifelnassr, A., and F. Pooley. "Biologically assisted ferric ion leaching of a refractory copper sulphide ore." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-107.

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Karim, Muhammad Arief, Subriyer Nasir, Susila Arita Rachman, and Novia. "Reduction of iron (II) ions in synthetic acidic wastewater containing ferro sulphate using calcium carbide residu." In THE 11TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (RCChE 2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5095003.

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Akinyemi, P., O. L. Ojo, O. T. Kolebaje, and C. I. Abiodun. "Effects of polishing treatment and chemical bath deposited magnesium sulphide (MgS) thin films on ferritic stainless steel 430." In HPSM/OPTI 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hpsm160441.

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Penso, Jorge A., and Patrick Belanger. "Mitigating Failures in Ferritic-Austenitic Dissimilar Metal Joints in Petrochemical Industry." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97550.

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There are several failure mechanisms that might affect ferritic-austenitic dissimilar metal welds (DMWs) in petrochemical plants and refineries. Examples are cracking due to creep, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), sulphide SSC, thermal fatigue, brittle fracture, pitting corrosion, and hydrogen embrittlement. Of these, creep, SCC, and hydrogen embrittlement are perhaps of greater interest. Industry has many lessons learned; however, still experiences high consequence failures. This work describes the most common failure mechanisms in dissimilar ferritic-austenitic welds and summarizes a guidance to prepare welding procedures and reduce the likelihood of failures. This guidance is based on a literature review and industry experience. The metallurgical characteristics of the damage observed in both service and laboratory test samples indicate that creep rupture is the dominant failure mode for Dissimilar Metal Welds (DMW) in some high temperature service conditions. However, it has also been observed that temperature cycling contributes significantly to damage and can cause failure even when primary stress levels are relatively low. Therefore, a creep-fatigue assessment procedure is required as part of a remaining life calculation. API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service standard includes a compendium of consensus methods for reliable assessment of the structural integrity of equipment containing identified flaws or damage. Part 10 of API 579-1 includes a method for protection against failure from creep-fatigue. In the assessment of DMW, a creep-fatigue interaction equation is provided to evaluate damage caused by thermal mismatch, sustained primary stresses, and cyclic secondary loads [Ref.1]. Failures due to hydrogen embrittlement cracking (HEC) mechanisms are not uncommon and are also described in this paper [Ref. 2]. Finally, a case history of a DMW failure in a steam methane furnace, which is common in the petrochemical industry, is described and shown as an example of a failure mitigation approach.

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Mirković, Djordje, Volker Flaxa, and Franz Martin Knoop. "Development and Production of Helical-Two-Step (HTS) Pipes: Grades Up to API X70 for Sour Service Application." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90438.

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Within the corresponding commercial and R&D projects five microalloyed pipeline steel grades have recently been developed and processed to spiral-welded pipes. For steel grades X52, X65, and X70 the aimed tensile properties, improved sour service resistivity, and low temperature toughness up to −40°C were reliably achieved. Influence of steel cleanliness, the non-metallic inclusions in particular, on sour gas resistibility has been investigated by means of ultrasonic testing of hydrogen charged HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) samples and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analyses of HIC fracture surfaces. The results have been used to optimize the applied process parameter in steel production and coil processing. The ladle metallurgical treatment and soft reduction were consistently applied within narrow process tolerances enabling high steel cleanness and slab centerline quality, which are both indispensable for sour service application. Subsequent TMCP (Thermo Mechanical Processing) wide strip hot rolling and cooling parameters were selected to prevent a two-phase finish rolling and to obtain a predominating acicular ferritic microstructure. For pipe production, attention was paid to minimize the residual stresses, due to both pipe-forming and welding. The alloying approach is based on the classical sour lean NbTi steel composition, modified by varying Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo contents to achieve the targeted specification. The processed spiral-welded pipes were formed to diameters between 762 and 1372 mm with a wall thickness of 13.7 to 16.0 mm. CVN (Charpy V-Notch) values were higher than 360 J/cm2 and DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) higher than 60% SA (Shear Area) at −40°C. The samples also showed outstanding HIC resistivity. Being proved with standard test conditions according to NACE TM0284 solution A, the CAR (Crack Area Ratio) average value of pipe samples was less than 1% for grades up to X65 and less than 5% for X70 grades. The 4-point-bending SSC (Sulphide Stress Cracking) tests at 80% of SMYS according to NACE TM0177 and ASTM G39 showed no SSC cracks for all projects. Finally, the results of one specific R&D project are presented to demonstrate that even for API X70 grade spiral-welded pipes (OD 1016×16 mm) mechanical properties, e.g. high-strength, ductility, and low temperature toughness has been successfully combined with sour service resistivity.

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