Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ferrite-pearlite

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ferrite-pearlite'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

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Hasegawa, Hiroshi, Tatsuya Nakagaito, and Yoshimasa Funakawa. "Effect of the Austenite Interface on Pearlite Transformation Behavior." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.639.

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The effect of the characteristics of austenite interface with ferrite on the pearlite transformation behaviour after intercritical annealing was investigated. Most austenite grains were situated mainly on ferrite grain boundaries and had the Kurdjumv-Sachs (K-S) or near K-S relationship to one of the neighbor ferrite grains before pearlite transformation. The pearlite transformation started mainly from the austenite grain boundary faced to ferrite. The pearlite transformation showed stasis. This indicates that some austenite is stabilized thermally against the pearlite transformation. The frac
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Yilmaz, Aytac, Can Ozkan, Jilt Sietsma, and Yaiza Gonzalez-Garcia. "Properties of Passive Films Formed on Ferrite-Martensite and Ferrite-Pearlite Steel Microstructures." Metals 11, no. 4 (2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040594.

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The effect of ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-martensite phase combinations on the passive layer properties of low carbon steel is investigated in a 0.1 M NaOH solution. Heat treatments were designed to obtain ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-martensite microstructures with similar ferrite volume fractions. Potentiostatic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrated the lower barrier properties of passive films on ferrite-martensite microstructure compared to the ones formed on ferrite-pearlite microstructure. This was attributed to the higher donor density of th
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Xue, Fei, Zhi Feng Luo, Wei Wei Yu, Zhao Xi Wang, and Lu Zhang. "Study on Banded Structure in Low Carbon Vessel Plate for Nuclear Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1763.

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In this paper, the role of the pearlite-banded structure on fatigue crack growth behavior was investigated on carbon vessel plate material SA516, which is commonly used in the nuclear power plants. Along pearlite-banded orientation, in situ fatigue tests indicate that the crack initiated and propagated in the ferrite and then extended along the ferrite-pearlite interface when it met pearlitic colony. For comparison, the cyclic loading was also carried out perpendicular to the banding direction of the microstructure, and an intense crack branching was observed which led to fatigue crack retarda
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Furuhara, Tadashi, Tomokazu Moritani, K. Sakamoto, and Tadashi Maki. "Substructure and Crystallography of Degenerate Pearlite in an Fe-C Binary Alloy." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4832.

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Microstructures formed by degenerate pearlite transformation in an Fe-0.38mass%C alloy were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Degenerate pearlite which contains fine cementite particles even at the growth front was observed with other structures such as proeutectoid ferrite, lamellar pearlite and bainite in a temperature range between 773K and 923K. As the isothermal transformation temperature is lowered, a fraction of the degenerate pearlite increases. The degenerate pearlite consists of ‘block’ (a region in which ferrite orient
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Zhou, D. S., and G. J. Shiflet. "Ferrite: Cementite crystallography in pearlite." Metallurgical Transactions A 23, no. 4 (1992): 1259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02665057.

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Sivaraman, V., S. Sankaran, and L. Vijayaraghavan. "Effect of cutting parameters on cutting force and surface roughness during machining microalloyed steel: Comparison between ferrite–pearlite, tempered martensite and ferrite–bainite–martensite microstructures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 1 (2016): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416635479.

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Three different microstructures, namely ferrite–pearlite, tempered martensite and ferrite–bainite–martensite of 38MnSiVS5 microalloyed steel, were produced using controlled thermomechanical processing. The properties are comparable to quenched and tempered steel. The developed microstructures were turned to evaluate their machinability. Mixed modes of response were observed while ferrite–bainite–martensite microstructure exhibits better machinability by way of good surface texture/finish, the ferrite–pearlite microstructure of least strength encounters smaller cutting force.
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Wang, Yu Hui, Ya Nan Zheng, Tian Sheng Wang, Bo Liao, and Li Gang Liu. "Phase Transformation Behaviors of Nb-V-Ti Microalloyed Pipeline Steel X70." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.380.

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The CCT (continuous cooling transformation) diagrams of the Nb-V-Ti without Mo containing microalloyed pipeline steel X70 were investigated. The microstructures observed in continuous cooled specimens are composed of P (pearlite), PF (polygonal ferrite), QF (quasi-polygonal ferrite), and GF (granular bainite ferrite). At low cooling rates between 0.1°C/s and 1°C/s, the microstructure of the steel consisted of banded ferrite and pearlite but higher cooling rates suppressed its formation.
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Mrvar, Primož, Mitja Petrič, and Jožef Medved. "Influence of Cooling Rate and Alloying Elements on Kinetics of Eutectoid Transformation in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.163.

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Paper deals with influence of cooling rate and alloying elements on kinetics of eutectoid transformation in spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI). Transformation of austenite can proceed into ferrite and graphite (FeFeG) and/or in pearlite (Fe  FeFe3C). Examination of eutectoid transformation was made by evaluating the “in-situ” dilatation curves together with metallographic examinations, DTA, and dilatation analyses in solid state. ThermoCalc software was applied for thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria. Based on numerous quantitative relations, such as relation between fracti
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Lopes, Maximiano Maicon Batista, and André Barros Cota. "A study of isochronal austenitization kinetics in a low carbon steel." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 1 (2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672014000100009.

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The austenite formation under isochronal conditions in Nb microalloyed low carbon steel was studied by means of dilatometric analysis and the data was adjusted to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation, for different heating rates and for three initial microstructures. It was shown that the kinetics of austenitization of a pearlite+ferrite structure is faster than that of martensite (tempered martensite) at a heating rate of 0.1ºC/s. For heating rates higher than 0.1ºC/s, the kinetics of austenitization of a martensite structure is faster than of pearlite+ferrite one. The K paramet
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Liu, Man, Guang Xu, Guanghui Chen, and Zhoutou Wang. "Study on the transformation and microstructure evolution during hot-charging rolling process of a weathering steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 3 (2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020027.

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The effect of hot-charging temperature (HCT) on the transformation and microstructure evolution of a weathering steel was investigated by metallography and dilatometry. The results show that the microstructure consisted of ferrite and pearlite in all specimens when the HCT was between 500 ∼ 850 °C. The difference was that pearlite amount increased obviously at 750 °C, which is detrimental to the plasticity of steels. The reason for more pearlite is that ferrite and austenite coexisted at 750 °C, which belongs to the dual-phase region temperature. The reversed transformation of ferrite to auste
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

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Mojtaba, Mansouri Arani. "Static strain aging in low carbon ferrite-pearlite steel : forward and reverse loading." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55894.

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The combination of static strain aging and plastic strain reversal is important to understand for both the forming of components and also analysis of in service performance, for example, in the case of fabrication of pipeline, motor shafts or structural components in buildings and ships. Static strain aging phenomenon has been experimentally studied for the cases of forward and reverse re-straining after aging on a low carbon steel (0.16 wt% C) with a ferrite-pearlite microstructure. Torsion tests on hollow tubular samples were used for the mechanical tests. The shear strain on the surface of
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Moreno, Marc. "Mécanismes métallurgiques et leurs interactions au recuit d’aciers ferrito-perlitiques laminés : caractérisation et modélisation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0068.

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Les aciers Dual Phase (DP) ferrito-martensitiques sont largement utilisés sous la forme de tôles minces dans la construction automobile en raison de leur excellent compromis résistance/ductilité et donc pour leur potentiel d’allègement. Ils sont élaborés par coulée continue, laminage à chaud et à froid suivis d’un recuit continu. Durant l’étape de chauffage et de maintien de ce recuit, la microstructure ferrito-perlitique déformée issue des étapes de laminage se transforme en microstructure ferrito-austénitique recristallisée. L’expérience montre que les cinétiques de recristallisation et de t
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Kinap, Paulo Eduardo Barros. "Tratamentos térmicos para obtenção de cementita esferoidizada em ferro fundido nodular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-11072017-145654/.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho, consistiu na obtenção de ferro fundidos nodulares, a serem utilizados na fabricação de eixos, com as seguintes características mecânicas após os tratamentos térmicos adequados: limites de resistência à tração e escoamento mínimos de 700 N/mm2 e 450 N/mm2 respectivamente, alongamento mínimo de 5% e dureza entre 235 à 285 HB. A microestrutura mais adequada à obtenção das características mecânicas desejadas deveria consistir de cementita esferoidizada numa matriz ferrítica, a ser obtida com o tratamento de recozimento ou revenimento de microestruturas previamente
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Caruso, Matteo. "Thermomechanical processing of eutectoid steels: strategies to improve the microstructure of the hot rolled strips." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209371.

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Eutectoid steel strips are designed for the production of parts for intensive use such as clutches, seat slides, and springs as they exhibit<p>excellent strength levels and wear resistance. These properties arise from the unique morphology of lamellar pearlite which can be considered<p>as a self-laminated nanoscale composite. However, a spheroidization annealing step is nowadays necessary to improve the cold forming properties before further cold rolling steps.<p>This thesis is aimed at improving the tensile ductility of the hot rolled products of eutectoid composition in order to eliminate th
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Fager, Fredrick, and Serg Chanouian. "Nuclear Waste Canister : Evaluating the mechanical properties of cassette steel after casting." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209803.

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Företaget Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) håller på att utveckla en slutförvaringskapsel som kommer innehålla avfall från den svenska kärnkraften. Det är dock fortfarande en process under utveckling och därför undersöks olika typer av metoder och kapselmaterial för att kunna tillverka en hållbar och säker kapsel. Kapseln består av ett hölje av kopparrör med svetsad botten och lock och en insats med stållock. Insatsen är en cylindrisk konstruktion  av segjärn och innehåller en svetsad stålkassett för att skapa utrymmen till det använda kärnbränslet. Insatsen innehåller bland annat stålrör
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Mäkinen, Katri. "Optimisation of local material parameters : Optimising local material parameters in ductile cast iron cylinder head casting." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Material och tillverkning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54500.

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The constantly tightening emission regulations demand the engines to be moreefficient, to get more power out of smaller engines. Higher engine loads andcomponent temperatures are causing more stresses to engine components. Therefore,a company that produces engines wanted to study if it would be possible to increasethe capabilities of the components by optimising the used material. In this final project work, a cylinder head will be studied. The cylinder heads for theengines are made of ductile cast iron. The limits of that material are near safety limits,and therefore a better material is need
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Suyitno, Budhi-Muliawan. "Etude du comportement en fatigue d'aciers à dispersoïdes." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2342.

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Etude experimentale sur un acier micro-allie dans deux etats microstructuraux bainitique et ferrito-perlitique, soumis a des essais d'endurance, de fatigue oligocyclique et de fissuration. Comparaison avec les resultats obtenus sur un acier conventionnel dans un etat trempe-revenu. Influence de l'environnement (air, vide, azote et traces de vapeur d'eau) et de la frequence d'essai. Discussion du role fragilisant de la vapeur d'eau. Proposition d'un modele de propagation sous environnement actif
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Xiong, Xiao Chuan. "Élaboration et genèse des microstructures dans les "aciers" fer-azote." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL079N/document.

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L’industrie automobile cherche constamment à augmenter la part des pièces fabriquées à partir de tôles minces en aciers plus résistants et à plus bas coût. Le parallèle entre les diagrammes de phases Fe-N et Fe-C montre qu’il est possible de développer des aciers similaires dans le système Fe-N. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient l’élaboration des aciers binaires Fe-N et le développement des structures équivalentes à celles dans les aciers au carbone. Les approches envisagées s’articulent autour de : Elaboration : la nitruration gazeuse en phase austénitique suivie de traitements d’homogénéi
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Kuprin, Corinna. "Verformungsverfestigung bei zyklisch inkrementeller Torsion von Reineisen und dem Stahl 42CrMo4N." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-103890.

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Die Arbeit widmet sich dem Fließverhalten von Stählen bei zyklisch inkrementeller Torsion. Dazu werden vergleichend Reineisen und der ferritisch-perlitische Stahl 42CrMo4N bei unterschiedlichen Verformungspfaden betrachtet. Vor allem in zyklischen Torsionsversuchen mit bleibendem Verformungsinkrement je Zyklus werden Fließkurvenverläufe und Verformungsverfestigung analysiert. Die Ergebnisse belegen den Einfluss des lamellaren Zementit auf das Fließverhalten des Stahls 42CrMo4N, während die Eigenschaften des Reineisens von der entstehenden Versetzungszellstruktur bestimmt werden. Die Richtungsa
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Pappas, Adlreburg Nickolas. "To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145694.

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This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on
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Book chapters on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

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Yigui, He, Tinghui Man, Tan li, Liu Pan, Wei Yuansheng, and Bao Yaozong. "Effect Of Deformation Parameters On Ferrite And Pearlite Non-Quenched And Tempered Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch128.

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Yigui, He, Man Tinghui, Tan Li, Liu Pan, Wei Yuansheng, and Bao Yaozong. "Effect of Deformation Parameters on Ferrite and Pearlite Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_128.

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Zhang, Y. D., C. Esling, M. Calcagnotto, X. Zhao, and L. Zuo. "Eutectoid Point Shift and Orientation Relationships between Ferrite and Cementite in Pearlite in a High Magnetic Field." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470444191.ch43.

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Tau, L., S. L. I. Chan, and C. S. Shin. "Effects of Anisotropy on the Hydrogen Diffusivity and Fatigue Crack Propagation of a Banded Ferrite/Pearlite Steel." In Hydrogen Effects in Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803363.ch42.

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Mejía, I., C. Maldonado, Josep A. Benito, Jordi Jorba, and A. Roca. "Determination of the Work Hardening Exponent by the Hollomon and Differential Crussard-Jaoul Analyses of Cold Drawn Ferrite-Pearlite Steels." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-993-8.37.

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"The Austenite-to-Pearlite/Ferrite Transformation." In Cast Iron Science and Technology. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006300.

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Subramanya Sarma, V., K. A. Padmanabhan, G. Jaeger, and A. Koethe. "Low cycle fatigue behaviour of two ferrite-pearlite microalloyed steels." In Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043326-4/50116-1.

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"Hydrogen Uptake and Embrittlement Susceptibility of Ferrite-Pearlite Pipeline Steels." In International Hydrogen Conference (IHC 2016): Materials Performance in Hydrogen Environments. ASME Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861387_ch55.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

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Gupta, Surendra Kumar, and Patricia Iglesias Victoria. "Atomic Force Microscopy of Annealed Plain Carbon Steels." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50972.

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Microstructure of annealed plain carbon steels is examined using optical microscopy. When the inter-lamellar spacing in pearlite is small, optical microscope at 1000X is unable to resolve the ferrite and cementite lamellae. In hyper-eutectoid steels, cementite in pearlite appears as darker phase whereas the pro-eutectoid cementite appears as a lighter phase. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of etched steels is able to resolve ferrite and cementite lamellae in pearlite at similar magnifications. Both cementite in pearlite as well as pro-eutectoid cementite appear as raised areas (hills) in AFM ima
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Honma, Yuta, and Kunihiko Hashi. "Effect of Residual Stress on High Temperature Hydrogen Attack for Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-94058.

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Abstract Nelson curve for carbon steel without post welding heat treatment (PWHT) was reconsidered in Annex F of API PR941 8th Edition because a lot of hydrogen damage cases of carbon steel for pressure vessels and pipes with weld joint were reported. However the mechanism of the damage initiation has not been extensively studied. For these reason, the purpose of this study was to clarify effect of residual stress on high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and examine the mechanism in terms of microstructure. The specimens that were simulated welding residual stress by four point bending tool
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Vorontsov, A. V., A. V. Dmitriev, and V. A. Beloborodov. "Ultrasonic-assisted laser welding on ferrite-pearlite 09G2S (ASTM A516) steel." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5083567.

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Ham, Yoonjin, Sanghoon Kim, Jeongho Lim, and Changhee Lee. "Improvement of Toughness of API X65 ERW Pipe Welds." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64233.

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This study aims to evaluate the microstructure evolution and toughness improvement of API X65 steel ERW pipe welds through heat treatments. Heat treatment schedules of one step process (Normalizing) and two step process (QT: quenching and tempering) were tried to control the properties in the ERW welds and were simulated by Gleeble simulator. In as-welded specimen, metal flow and elongated vertical pearlite have been found at the as-welded bond line, and the microstructure consisted of bainite, Widmansta¨tten ferrite and elongated pearlite. The microstructures of the bond line were changed to
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He, Xiaodong, Chunyong Huo, Xinli Han, Lixia Zhu, and Chuanjing Zhuang. "Experimental Study on Girth Welds of X80 High Deformability Pipeline." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61250.

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Girth welds of X80 high deformability pipeline were welded by self-shield flux-cored arc weld (FCAW) and manual shield-metal arc weld (SMAW). The FCAW used E9018-G electrode to weld root and under-matched flux-cored wires to fill welding and cap welding. The SMAW also used the same welding consumable to weld root, but the metal of the filler welding and cap welding is overmatched electrodes. The mechanical properties testing and metallography testing of girth welded joints were carried out. It was found that the qualifications of two welding procedures met the requirements of API Std. 1104. Th
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Musonda, Vincent, and Esther T. Akinlabi. "Quantitative Characterisation of Pearlite Morphology in Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10690.

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Abstract During the hot rolling of carbon steel, austenite phase transforms into a pearlitic morphology, which essentially is a matrix of ferrite lamellae (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C). This transformation occurs at the cooling bed after an equalisation temperature of around 600 °C. Pearlitic steels find their use in ropes for bridges and elevators, rails, and tyre cords among others. Characterisation of microstructure has not been broadly applied to pearlitic steels because of their complex microstructures. Therefore, the characterisation of this morphology becomes inevitable, in order to ident
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Slifka, Andrew J., Elizabeth S. Drexler, Douglas G. Stalheim, et al. "The Effect of Microstructure on the Hydrogen-Assisted Fatigue of Pipeline Steels." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97217.

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Tests on the fatigue crack growth rate were conducted on four pipeline steels, two of grade API 5L-X52 and two API 5L-X70. One X52 material was manufactured in the mid-1960s and the other was manufactured in 2011. The two X70 materials had a similar vintage and chemistry, but the microstructure differs. The fatigue tests were performed in 5.5 and 34 MPa pressurized hydrogen gas, at 1 Hz and (load ratio) R = 0.5. At high pressures of hydrogen and high values of the stress intensity factor range (ΔK) there is no difference in the fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN), regardless of strength or micr
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Kim, Kyu Tae, Sang Gi Ko, and Jong Man Han. "Effects of Microstructural Inhomogeneity on HIC Susceptibility and HIC Evaluation Methods for Linepipe Steels for Sour Service." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33341.

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It has been well documented that slab internal quality is one of the key factors for reduced susceptibility of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in line pipe steels designed for sour gas service. In addition, the creation of a homogeneous microstructure which is heavily influenced by the slab internal quality is also a critical key parameter to reduce the HIC susceptibility in higher strength line pipe steel grade X60 and above. For the application of deep sea linepipe exposed to higher external pressure environments, heavy gauge in combination with higher strength steel is essential. Homogeneit
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Kalashnikova, T. A., A. V. Vorontsov, V. A. Beloborodov, and K. N. Kalashnikov. "Mechanical properties of ferrite-pearlite steel 09G2S welded joints obtained using ultrasonic-assisted laser welding." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5083358.

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Kimura, Kazuhiro. "Creep Rupture Strength Evaluation With Region Splitting by Half Yield." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97819.

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Abstract:
Creep strength of ferritic and austenitic steels has been investigated on the correlation between stress vs. creep rupture life curve and 50% of 0.2% offset yield stress (half yield) at the temperatures. Inflection of stress vs. creep rupture life curve was recognized on ferritic creep resistant steels with martensitic or bainitic microstructure. However, no identifiable correlation was observed on ferritic steels with ferrite and pearlite microstructure, as well as austenitic steels and superalloys except for several alloys. Ferritic steel with martensitic or bainitic microstructure indicates
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