Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ferrite-pearlite

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ferrite-pearlite'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Ferrite-pearlite.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

1

Hasegawa, Hiroshi, Tatsuya Nakagaito, and Yoshimasa Funakawa. "Effect of the Austenite Interface on Pearlite Transformation Behavior." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.639.

Full text
Abstract:
The effect of the characteristics of austenite interface with ferrite on the pearlite transformation behaviour after intercritical annealing was investigated. Most austenite grains were situated mainly on ferrite grain boundaries and had the Kurdjumv-Sachs (K-S) or near K-S relationship to one of the neighbor ferrite grains before pearlite transformation. The pearlite transformation started mainly from the austenite grain boundary faced to ferrite. The pearlite transformation showed stasis. This indicates that some austenite is stabilized thermally against the pearlite transformation. The fraction of austenite having only the K-S or near K-S interface to neighbor ferrite grains was correspond to the fraction of austenite grains which does not include pearlite. The pearlite transformation was difficult to start from austenite interface having the K-S relationship to ferrite since the interface between austenite grains and ferrite grains was stabilized energetically in the case of their interface having the K-S relationship.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yilmaz, Aytac, Can Ozkan, Jilt Sietsma, and Yaiza Gonzalez-Garcia. "Properties of Passive Films Formed on Ferrite-Martensite and Ferrite-Pearlite Steel Microstructures." Metals 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040594.

Full text
Abstract:
The effect of ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-martensite phase combinations on the passive layer properties of low carbon steel is investigated in a 0.1 M NaOH solution. Heat treatments were designed to obtain ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-martensite microstructures with similar ferrite volume fractions. Potentiostatic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrated the lower barrier properties of passive films on ferrite-martensite microstructure compared to the ones formed on ferrite-pearlite microstructure. This was attributed to the higher donor density of the passive layer on ferrite-martensite samples, measured with Mott–Schottky analysis. This behaviour was explained by the complex microstructure morphology of the martensite phase that led to the formation of a more defective passive film.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Xue, Fei, Zhi Feng Luo, Wei Wei Yu, Zhao Xi Wang, and Lu Zhang. "Study on Banded Structure in Low Carbon Vessel Plate for Nuclear Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1763.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, the role of the pearlite-banded structure on fatigue crack growth behavior was investigated on carbon vessel plate material SA516, which is commonly used in the nuclear power plants. Along pearlite-banded orientation, in situ fatigue tests indicate that the crack initiated and propagated in the ferrite and then extended along the ferrite-pearlite interface when it met pearlitic colony. For comparison, the cyclic loading was also carried out perpendicular to the banding direction of the microstructure, and an intense crack branching was observed which led to fatigue crack retardation. Besides, the orientation perpendicular to banded pearlite in the investigated ferrite-pearlite steel was found to have a lower fatigue crack growth rate.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Furuhara, Tadashi, Tomokazu Moritani, K. Sakamoto, and Tadashi Maki. "Substructure and Crystallography of Degenerate Pearlite in an Fe-C Binary Alloy." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4832.

Full text
Abstract:
Microstructures formed by degenerate pearlite transformation in an Fe-0.38mass%C alloy were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Degenerate pearlite which contains fine cementite particles even at the growth front was observed with other structures such as proeutectoid ferrite, lamellar pearlite and bainite in a temperature range between 773K and 923K. As the isothermal transformation temperature is lowered, a fraction of the degenerate pearlite increases. The degenerate pearlite consists of ‘block’ (a region in which ferrite orientations are nearly the same) and ‘colony’ (a region containing cementite particles of nearly the same orientation), both of which are similar to those in lamellar pearlite. Block boundaries within an austenite grain are generally of high-angle type and their misorientations deviate largely from intervariant relationships for the K-S orientation relationship. In contrast, colony boundaries are of low-angle type. Cementite films are formed along those ferrite boundaries in the degenerate pearlite, presumably formed by encounter of the blocks or colonies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zhou, D. S., and G. J. Shiflet. "Ferrite: Cementite crystallography in pearlite." Metallurgical Transactions A 23, no. 4 (April 1992): 1259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02665057.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sivaraman, V., S. Sankaran, and L. Vijayaraghavan. "Effect of cutting parameters on cutting force and surface roughness during machining microalloyed steel: Comparison between ferrite–pearlite, tempered martensite and ferrite–bainite–martensite microstructures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416635479.

Full text
Abstract:
Three different microstructures, namely ferrite–pearlite, tempered martensite and ferrite–bainite–martensite of 38MnSiVS5 microalloyed steel, were produced using controlled thermomechanical processing. The properties are comparable to quenched and tempered steel. The developed microstructures were turned to evaluate their machinability. Mixed modes of response were observed while ferrite–bainite–martensite microstructure exhibits better machinability by way of good surface texture/finish, the ferrite–pearlite microstructure of least strength encounters smaller cutting force.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wang, Yu Hui, Ya Nan Zheng, Tian Sheng Wang, Bo Liao, and Li Gang Liu. "Phase Transformation Behaviors of Nb-V-Ti Microalloyed Pipeline Steel X70." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.380.

Full text
Abstract:
The CCT (continuous cooling transformation) diagrams of the Nb-V-Ti without Mo containing microalloyed pipeline steel X70 were investigated. The microstructures observed in continuous cooled specimens are composed of P (pearlite), PF (polygonal ferrite), QF (quasi-polygonal ferrite), and GF (granular bainite ferrite). At low cooling rates between 0.1°C/s and 1°C/s, the microstructure of the steel consisted of banded ferrite and pearlite but higher cooling rates suppressed its formation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mrvar, Primož, Mitja Petrič, and Jožef Medved. "Influence of Cooling Rate and Alloying Elements on Kinetics of Eutectoid Transformation in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.163.

Full text
Abstract:
Paper deals with influence of cooling rate and alloying elements on kinetics of eutectoid transformation in spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI). Transformation of austenite can proceed into ferrite and graphite (FeFeG) and/or in pearlite (Fe  FeFe3C). Examination of eutectoid transformation was made by evaluating the “in-situ” dilatation curves together with metallographic examinations, DTA, and dilatation analyses in solid state. ThermoCalc software was applied for thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria. Based on numerous quantitative relations, such as relation between fractions of ferrite and pearlite in the as-cast SGI that was determined by analysis of dilatometric curves and taking into account also composition of melt, ferrite/pearlite ratio in the microstructure could be determined in a very short time. Thus the melt composition could be corrected by adding Cu and/or Mn or Si, respectively, using the "in situ" dilatation analyses. Characteristic temperatures of eutectoid transformation have been established from the kinetics of austenite transformation and from temperature dependence of ferrite and/or pearlite growth. Kinetics curves that enable to determine fractions of single microstructure constituents in the microstructure as function of transformation time, mainly used for ferrite and pearlite SGI, can be well determined with physical sigmoidal Boltzmann model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lopes, Maximiano Maicon Batista, and André Barros Cota. "A study of isochronal austenitization kinetics in a low carbon steel." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 1 (March 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672014000100009.

Full text
Abstract:
The austenite formation under isochronal conditions in Nb microalloyed low carbon steel was studied by means of dilatometric analysis and the data was adjusted to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation, for different heating rates and for three initial microstructures. It was shown that the kinetics of austenitization of a pearlite+ferrite structure is faster than that of martensite (tempered martensite) at a heating rate of 0.1ºC/s. For heating rates higher than 0.1ºC/s, the kinetics of austenitization of a martensite structure is faster than of pearlite+ferrite one. The K parameter of the JMAK equation increases with the heating rate for the three previous microstructures and it is greater for the initial microstructure composed of ferrite+pearlite. At lower heating rates, the formation of austenite in this steel is controlled by carbon diffusion, independently of the initial microstructure. At higher heating rates, the formation of austenite from an initial microstructure composed of pearlite and ferrite is controlled by interface-controlled transformation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Liu, Man, Guang Xu, Guanghui Chen, and Zhoutou Wang. "Study on the transformation and microstructure evolution during hot-charging rolling process of a weathering steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 3 (2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020027.

Full text
Abstract:
The effect of hot-charging temperature (HCT) on the transformation and microstructure evolution of a weathering steel was investigated by metallography and dilatometry. The results show that the microstructure consisted of ferrite and pearlite in all specimens when the HCT was between 500 ∼ 850 °C. The difference was that pearlite amount increased obviously at 750 °C, which is detrimental to the plasticity of steels. The reason for more pearlite is that ferrite and austenite coexisted at 750 °C, which belongs to the dual-phase region temperature. The reversed transformation of ferrite to austenite happened and the pre-existing austenite became coarse during the secondary austenization. The carbon content in fine reversed austenite was relatively low, while the coarse austenite contained higher carbon content, which decomposed into blocky pearlite in the final cooling process. Therefore, to obtain the desirable ferrite phase, the HCT of about 750 °C should be avoided. The results provide theoretical reference for optimizing hot-charging rolling process parameters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

1

Mojtaba, Mansouri Arani. "Static strain aging in low carbon ferrite-pearlite steel : forward and reverse loading." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55894.

Full text
Abstract:
The combination of static strain aging and plastic strain reversal is important to understand for both the forming of components and also analysis of in service performance, for example, in the case of fabrication of pipeline, motor shafts or structural components in buildings and ships. Static strain aging phenomenon has been experimentally studied for the cases of forward and reverse re-straining after aging on a low carbon steel (0.16 wt% C) with a ferrite-pearlite microstructure. Torsion tests on hollow tubular samples were used for the mechanical tests. The shear strain on the surface of the sample was measured with the digital image correlation. The influence of the amount of pre-strain, aging time and temperature, and the strain path reversals on the stress-strain response after aging has been measured experimentally. A maximum increase of 46 MPa was obtained in the yield stress of the samples re-strained after full aging in the same direction as the initial straining. This maximum increase in yield stress as well as the rate of increment in yield strength during aging was almost independent of the amount of pre-strain and the increase in the flow stress occurred without a significant variation in the work hardening behavior. Further, it was shown that a yield point phenomenon was absent if the direction of re-straining after aging was reversed and the increase in the flow stress level after aging was proportional to the amount of pre-strain and increased with extended aging time. In this case, the absence of a sharp yield point after prolonged aging time led to the speculation that the activation of dislocations sources, rather than unpinning of locked dislocations in re-straining after aging was the controlling mechanisms although proof of this requires further investigation. Although it is difficult to unambiguously identify all of the underlying physical mechanisms, nevertheless, a comprehensive set of experimental results has been measured which can be used by the design engineer when considering cases where static strain ageing and strain path reversals are relevant for a ferrite-pearlite steel with 0.16 wt% carbon.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Moreno, Marc. "Mécanismes métallurgiques et leurs interactions au recuit d’aciers ferrito-perlitiques laminés : caractérisation et modélisation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0068.

Full text
Abstract:
Les aciers Dual Phase (DP) ferrito-martensitiques sont largement utilisés sous la forme de tôles minces dans la construction automobile en raison de leur excellent compromis résistance/ductilité et donc pour leur potentiel d’allègement. Ils sont élaborés par coulée continue, laminage à chaud et à froid suivis d’un recuit continu. Durant l’étape de chauffage et de maintien de ce recuit, la microstructure ferrito-perlitique déformée issue des étapes de laminage se transforme en microstructure ferrito-austénitique recristallisée. L’expérience montre que les cinétiques de recristallisation et de transformation ainsi que la distribution spatiale et morphologique des microstructures résultantes sont très sensibles aux vitesses de chauffage. Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse aux différents mécanismes expliquant cette sensibilité comme la maturation des carbures, la restauration, la recristallisation de la ferrite et la transformation austénitique et toutes leurs interactions. Ces mécanismes métallurgiques ont été caractérisés à différentes échelles et par des approches in situ sur un acier industriel puis modéliser par des approches à base physique pour guider une possible production. Après un premier chapitre dédié aux techniques expérimentales et de modélisations utilisées, le second chapitre de ce travail s’intéresse principalement à la caractérisation de la morphogénèse des microstructures ferrito-austénitique en microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB). Le troisième chapitre est une étude détaillée en Microscopie Electronique à Transmission (MET) et par modélisation thermocinétique (ThermoCalc, DICTRA) de la composition des carbures tout au long du processus, du laminage à chaud au recuit. Restauration et recristallisation sont étudiées au chapitre 4 principalement par des expériences in situ en Diffraction des Rayons X à Haute Energie (DRXHE) sur ligne de lumière synchrotron et modélisées par une approche originale à champs moyen. Enfin, le chapitre 5 propose une étude sous DICTRA pour comprendre les cinétiques de transformation austénitique en fonction des vitesses de chauffe. Cette approche est novatrice car elle prend en compte les carbures intergranulaires de la ferrite, a été conduite en conditions anisothermes et propose une analyse fine des modes de croissance de l’austénite associées au manganèse, élément clef de la composition de ces alliages
Ferrite/Martensite Dual-Phase steels are largely used in the form of thin sheets in the automotive industry for their excellent balance between resistance and strength and thus for their lightening potential. They are elaborated by continuous casting, hot- and cold- rolling, followed by a continuous annealing. During the heating and the soaking stages of this latter process, the deformed ferrite/pearlite microstructure obtained after rolling evolves is transformed into a recrystallized ferrite-austenite microstructure. The experiments show that recrystallization and austenite transformation kinetics as well as the resulting spatial and morphological distribution of the phases are highly sensitive to the heating rate. This PhD thesis aims at understanding the different metallurgical mechanisms explaining this particular sensitivity as carbides ripening, recovery, recrystallization and austenite transformation and all their possible interactions. The mechanisms were characterized at different scales and by in situ technics on an industrial steel and model by physical based approaches in order to drive future production lines. After a first chapter dedicated to the experimental and modeling methods, the second chapter deals with the characterization of the morphogenesis of ferrite-austenite microstructures by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Chapter 3 is a study by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and by thermokinetic modeling (ThermoCalc, DICTRA) of the chemical composition of carbides along with manufacturing, from hot-rolling to annealing. Recovery and recrystallization are studied in chapter 4 by the means of in situ High Energy X-Ray Diffraction (HEXRD) experiments conducted on a synchrotron beamline and modeled by an original mean-field approach. Finally, chapter 5 proposes an analysis with DICTRA to understand austenite transformation kinetics as function of heating rates. The proposed approach is innovative as it accounts for intergranular carbides in the ferrite matrix, is conducted in non-isothermal conditions and propose a fine analysis of growth modes of austenite associated to manganese, a key alloying element of the studied steels
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kinap, Paulo Eduardo Barros. "Tratamentos térmicos para obtenção de cementita esferoidizada em ferro fundido nodular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-11072017-145654/.

Full text
Abstract:
O objetivo do presente trabalho, consistiu na obtenção de ferro fundidos nodulares, a serem utilizados na fabricação de eixos, com as seguintes características mecânicas após os tratamentos térmicos adequados: limites de resistência à tração e escoamento mínimos de 700 N/mm2 e 450 N/mm2 respectivamente, alongamento mínimo de 5% e dureza entre 235 à 285 HB. A microestrutura mais adequada à obtenção das características mecânicas desejadas deveria consistir de cementita esferoidizada numa matriz ferrítica, a ser obtida com o tratamento de recozimento ou revenimento de microestruturas previamente perlíticas ou martensíticas, respectivamente. No caso do tratamento de recozimento, as estruturas iniciais consistiram de perlita grossa mais ferrita, presentes no material no estado bruto de fusão, ou, de perlita fina mais ferrita, do material normalizado. Todos os tratamentos térmicos utilizados, dependendo do tempo de tratamento, permitiram a obtenção de cementita esferoidizada. O material normalizado e recozido durante 2 horas a 700ºC, possibilitou a obtenção das propriedades mecânicas desejadas: limites de resistência à tração e de escoamento de 827 N/mm2 e 547 N/mm2 respectivamente, alongamento de 7% e dureza de 277 HB, valores estes, dentro dos limites desejados no presente trabalho. No caso do material temperado e revenido a 700ºC durante 0,5 hora, obteve-se limites de escoamento de 542 N/mm2, alongamento de 6% e dureza de 246 HB. O tratamento de recozimento realizado durante 48 horas, produziu microestrutura quase totalmente ferrítica, com pequenas áreas de agregados de carbonetos. O restante do carbono migrou para os nódulos de grafita secundária ao redor dos mesmos.
The purpose of the present work, consisted in obtaining ductile casting iron, that will be used in the shaft production, with de following mechanical properties after the appropriated heat treatments: ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values of 700 N/mm2 and 450 N/mm2 minimum respectively, elongation of 5% minimum and hardness value from 235 to 285 HB. The microstructure more adequated to obtaining the desired mechanical characteristics should consist of spheroidized cementite in a ferritic matrix, to be obtained with the annealing or tempering treatments of microstructures previously pearlitic or martensitic respectively. In the case of the annealing treatment, the initial structures consisted of thick pearlite plus ferrite, wich were in the material in the ascast state, or fine pearlite plus ferrite, of the normalized material. All the used heat treatment, depending on the time of treatment, allowed the obtainment of spheroidized cementite. The material normalized and annealed for 2 hours at 700°C made possible the obtaining of the desired mechanical properties: ultimate tensile strength and yield strength value of 827 N/mm2 and 547 N/mm2 respectively, elongation of 7% and hardness values of 277 HB, values these, in acordance with the aims initially proposed in the present work. In the case of the material quenched and tempered at 700°C for 0,5 hour, it was obtained yield strength values of 542 N/mm2, elongation of 6% and hardness value of 246 HB. The annealing treatment made during 48 hours, produced a microstructure almost totally ferritic, with small areas of aggregated carbides. The remaining of the carbon migrated to the graphite nodules producing secondary graphite around them.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Caruso, Matteo. "Thermomechanical processing of eutectoid steels: strategies to improve the microstructure of the hot rolled strips." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209371.

Full text
Abstract:
Eutectoid steel strips are designed for the production of parts for intensive use such as clutches, seat slides, and springs as they exhibit

excellent strength levels and wear resistance. These properties arise from the unique morphology of lamellar pearlite which can be considered

as a self-laminated nanoscale composite. However, a spheroidization annealing step is nowadays necessary to improve the cold forming properties before further cold rolling steps.

This thesis is aimed at improving the tensile ductility of the hot rolled products of eutectoid composition in order to eliminate the intermediate

annealing step. Two strategies are proposed.

The first is to transpose the concept of controlled rolling developed for HSLA to

eutectoid steels. Through a strict adjustment of the austenite processing and of the cooling strategy, it is possible to improve the ductility

of the final lamellar microstructure. The way the processing parameters influence the hot deformation of austenite, the eutectoid transformation and of the subsequent spheroidization annealing is deeply

investigated. It is found that refinement and pancaking of austenite

is beneficial as it reduces the pearlite block size improving the total

tensile elongation. Accelerated cooling is of paramount importance to

achieve fine Interlamellar spacing (ILS), which lead to high strength

levels and accelerate spheroidization during subsequent annealing.

The second approach involves intercritical or warm deformation. Warm processing of eutectoid steels is first explored by torsion testing

and then up-scaled to a pilot rolling-line. The interactions between thermomechanical parameters, rolling forces generated and microstructural

evolution are carefully scrutinized. During concurrent hot deformation, spheroidization of cementite takes place almost instantaneously

in both torsion and rolling. The restoration processes occurring in the ferrite matrix depends on the strain path and the strain rates. Low strain rates (0,1 s−1) and simple shear promotes the formation of a recrystallized-like HABs network of about 3μm in size.

Plane strain compression and high strain rates (10 s−1) leads to the formation of a typical recovered dislocation substructure (LABs) of 1μm in size. During annealing, no recrystallization occurs and the LABs substructure remains stable. This substructure influences drammatically the mechanical properties: the strength is very high and the work-hardening behavior is poor due to high recovery rate in the region close to the LABs. However, due to the presence of spheroidized

cementite particles the ductility of warm rolled eutectoid steels is higher than that of ultra fine grained low carbon steels.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fager, Fredrick, and Serg Chanouian. "Nuclear Waste Canister : Evaluating the mechanical properties of cassette steel after casting." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209803.

Full text
Abstract:
Företaget Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) håller på att utveckla en slutförvaringskapsel som kommer innehålla avfall från den svenska kärnkraften. Det är dock fortfarande en process under utveckling och därför undersöks olika typer av metoder och kapselmaterial för att kunna tillverka en hållbar och säker kapsel. Kapseln består av ett hölje av kopparrör med svetsad botten och lock och en insats med stållock. Insatsen är en cylindrisk konstruktion  av segjärn och innehåller en svetsad stålkassett för att skapa utrymmen till det använda kärnbränslet. Insatsen innehåller bland annat stålrör som under tillverkning får utstå en gjutprocess med segjärn och erhåller efter det icke homogena egenskaper. Målet med undersökningen är hur stor påverkan gjutningen har på stålets kemiska sammansättning samt mikrostrukturer. Det som orsakar de inhomogena egenskaperna är främst värmebehandlingen som driver diffusionen av kol från gjutjärnet till stålet, som då ger ett hårdare men sprödare material. Med hjälp av experiment och simuleringar upptäcks hur mycket kol som diffunderar in i stålet samt ändringar i den kemiska sammansättningen i de påverkade zonerna. Identifiering av fasomvandlingar, diffusion och ändringar i mikrostrukturer är stora faktorer som i sin tur ändrar de mekaniska egenskaperna i stålet.
The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) have developed a final storage canister that will contain waste from the Swedish nuclear power plants. However, it is still in a development phase and therefore different types of methods and canister materials are investigated to produce the most durable and safe canister. The canister is made of a copper tube with a welded bottom and lid with an insert. The insert is a cylindrical construction of nodular cast iron that contains a welded steel cassette, to make space for the spent fuel, and a steel lid. The steel tubes showed inhomogeneous properties after being exposed to a casting around them. The aim of this investigation is to clarify the impact of casting on the chemical composition of the steel as well as the microstructure. The cause to the inhomogeneous properties were the diffusion of carbon from the cast iron to the steel, which then produced a harder and more brittle material. Experiments and simulations were used to see the carbon diffusion into the steel as well as what happens with the chemical composition in the affected zones. Identification of phase changes, diffusion and microstructures contributed to changes of mechanical properties in the steel.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Mäkinen, Katri. "Optimisation of local material parameters : Optimising local material parameters in ductile cast iron cylinder head casting." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Material och tillverkning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54500.

Full text
Abstract:
The constantly tightening emission regulations demand the engines to be moreefficient, to get more power out of smaller engines. Higher engine loads andcomponent temperatures are causing more stresses to engine components. Therefore,a company that produces engines wanted to study if it would be possible to increasethe capabilities of the components by optimising the used material. In this final project work, a cylinder head will be studied. The cylinder heads for theengines are made of ductile cast iron. The limits of that material are near safety limits,and therefore a better material is needed. In this work are some previous studiesanalysed and tried to find how to optimise the used material. The optimised materialshould have better thermal conductivity properties combined with sufficient strengthproperties. Previous studies were analysed to gather knowledge of the elements that affect thematerial parameters. Those studies showed that copper, silicon, pearlite fraction, andthe use of chills are the elements to be optimised. Silicon and pearlite fraction waschosen as optimisation parameters because of their effect on the thermal conductivityand strength properties. Copper was chosen as an optimisation variable due to its effecton the pearlite formation. Chills were used to affect the cooling rate and thereby thepearlite formation. The work was made using MAGMASOFT™ simulation software to simulate cylinderhead casting. The simulated cylinder head was divided into 4 parts for the simulations.For those sections were then set targets for pearlite fraction according to previousstudies. The silicon content was kept constant in the simulation, based on the studiespresented in this work. Copper content was simulated with variations from 0 to 0.7weight-%, and chill heights were simulated from 20 to 60 mm and without chills. After simulating the different variables, the results were analysed. Then the selectedcasting simulation result was mapped to finite element simulation mesh to include thelocal material parameters to finite element simulation. With the finite elementsimulation, the estimated lifetime of the component was simulated. By analysing the casting simulation results, an optimal combination was found. Theoptimal material parameters for a cylinder head casting would be copper 0.5weight-%, silicon 1.9 weight-% and chills thicker than 40 mm on the flame plate. Theoptimised material gives more possibilities to develop engines even further when thecomponent demands are growing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Suyitno, Budhi-Muliawan. "Etude du comportement en fatigue d'aciers à dispersoïdes." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2342.

Full text
Abstract:
Etude experimentale sur un acier micro-allie dans deux etats microstructuraux bainitique et ferrito-perlitique, soumis a des essais d'endurance, de fatigue oligocyclique et de fissuration. Comparaison avec les resultats obtenus sur un acier conventionnel dans un etat trempe-revenu. Influence de l'environnement (air, vide, azote et traces de vapeur d'eau) et de la frequence d'essai. Discussion du role fragilisant de la vapeur d'eau. Proposition d'un modele de propagation sous environnement actif
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Xiong, Xiao Chuan. "Élaboration et genèse des microstructures dans les "aciers" fer-azote." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL079N/document.

Full text
Abstract:
L’industrie automobile cherche constamment à augmenter la part des pièces fabriquées à partir de tôles minces en aciers plus résistants et à plus bas coût. Le parallèle entre les diagrammes de phases Fe-N et Fe-C montre qu’il est possible de développer des aciers similaires dans le système Fe-N. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient l’élaboration des aciers binaires Fe-N et le développement des structures équivalentes à celles dans les aciers au carbone. Les approches envisagées s’articulent autour de : Elaboration : la nitruration gazeuse en phase austénitique suivie de traitements d’homogénéisation ont permis de charger des tôles minces de fer pur en concentrations importantes d’azote. Une simulation de la diffusion de l’azote a été proposée. Genèse des microstructures : Le refroidissement lent de l’austénite Fe-N conduit à des structures perlitiques lamellaires et globulaires, constituées de ferrite et du nitrure non-stoechiométrique Fe4N. Une structure aciculaire particulière a été identifiée. Il s’agit de la ferrite se développant dans le nitrure Fe4N. Le refroidissement lent de la ferrite Fe-N sursaturée conduit à la précipitation des nitrures stables Fe4N et métastable Fe16N2. Des microstructures multiphasées [alpha+alpha'+gamma] ont été obtenues par des maintiens dans le domaine intercritique suivis de trempe. Le domaine intercritique a été réexaminé en utilisant le modèle des sous-réseaux. Des essais in-situ en MET ont relevé l’évolution des précipités de Fe16N2 dans la ferrite au cours du vieillissement à 85 °C. Des proportions importantes de l’austénite résiduelle ont été relevées, ce qui serait à la base du développement des aciers TRIP à l’azote
Car designers are seeking ways to increase the proportion of parts made of sheet steels of higher strength and lower cost. The parallel between the Fe-N and Fe-C phase diagrams shows that it is possible to develop similar steels in the Fe-N system. The objective of this study was to prepare binary Fe-N steels and to develop structures equivalent to those in carbon steels. Approaches to meet the objectives are considered: Preparations of Fe-N steels: gas nitriding in austenite domain followed by homogenization treatments allowed to introduce high amount of nitrogen in pure iron sheet. A simulation of the nitrogen diffusion was proposed to describe the weight increase during nitriding. Genesis of microstructures: The slow cooling of the Fe-N austenite led to lamellar and globular pearlitic structures composed of ferrite and nitrideFe4N. An acicular microstructure, which is the consequence of the precipitation of the ferrite in the nitride Fe4N, was also identified. The slow cooling of the supersaturated Fe-N ferrite led to the precipitation of the stable nitride Fe4N and the metastable nitride Fe16N2, which witnessed a rapid diffusion of nitrogen in ferrite at low temperature, comparable to that of carbon. The multiphase microstructures [alpha+alpha'+gamma] were obtained by intercritical treatments followed by quenching. The intercritical domain was reviewed using the sub-lattice model. In-situ TEM investigations have identified the precipitation of Fe16N2 nitride in the ferrite during the aging at 85 °C. High amount of the residual austenite have been identified, which would be the basis for development of TRIP nitrogen steels
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kuprin, Corinna. "Verformungsverfestigung bei zyklisch inkrementeller Torsion von Reineisen und dem Stahl 42CrMo4N." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-103890.

Full text
Abstract:
Die Arbeit widmet sich dem Fließverhalten von Stählen bei zyklisch inkrementeller Torsion. Dazu werden vergleichend Reineisen und der ferritisch-perlitische Stahl 42CrMo4N bei unterschiedlichen Verformungspfaden betrachtet. Vor allem in zyklischen Torsionsversuchen mit bleibendem Verformungsinkrement je Zyklus werden Fließkurvenverläufe und Verformungsverfestigung analysiert. Die Ergebnisse belegen den Einfluss des lamellaren Zementit auf das Fließverhalten des Stahls 42CrMo4N, während die Eigenschaften des Reineisens von der entstehenden Versetzungszellstruktur bestimmt werden. Die Richtungsabhängigkeit der Fließspannung und die Verläufe der Fließkurven unterscheiden sich für die betrachteten Werkstoffe deutlich. Fließortkurven dienen der quantitativen Beschreibung der Verfestigung. Die Vorgehensweise zu ihrer Ermittlung und ihre Abhängigkeit von den Versuchsbedingungen und den Verformungszuständen werden gezeigt. Bei Reineisen dominieren isotrope, bei dem Stahl 42CrMo4N kinematische Verfestigungsanteile das Fließverhalten
Ferritic-pearlitic steel 42CrMo4N and pure iron under different strain paths are compared regarding their flow behaviour. Mainly in cyclic torsion tests with resulting strain increment per cycle shear stresses and strain hardening are analysed. The results show, that the cementite lamellae determine the flow behaviour of the steel 42CrMo4N, whereas the properties of pure iron are governed by the evolving dislocation cell structure. The dependency of flow stress on the strain direction is different for the two materials. Yield surfaces describe strain hardening quantitatively. The procedure for yield point detection and the dependency of subsequent yield surfaces on experimental conditions and strain states is shown. For pure iron isotropic hardening, for steel 42CrMo4N kinematic strain hardening dominates the flow behaviour
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Pappas, Adlreburg Nickolas. "To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145694.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

1

Yigui, He, Tinghui Man, Tan li, Liu Pan, Wei Yuansheng, and Bao Yaozong. "Effect Of Deformation Parameters On Ferrite And Pearlite Non-Quenched And Tempered Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 1019–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch128.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yigui, He, Man Tinghui, Tan Li, Liu Pan, Wei Yuansheng, and Bao Yaozong. "Effect of Deformation Parameters on Ferrite and Pearlite Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 1019–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_128.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Zhang, Y. D., C. Esling, M. Calcagnotto, X. Zhao, and L. Zuo. "Eutectoid Point Shift and Orientation Relationships between Ferrite and Cementite in Pearlite in a High Magnetic Field." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 380–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470444191.ch43.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Tau, L., S. L. I. Chan, and C. S. Shin. "Effects of Anisotropy on the Hydrogen Diffusivity and Fatigue Crack Propagation of a Banded Ferrite/Pearlite Steel." In Hydrogen Effects in Materials, 475–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803363.ch42.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mejía, I., C. Maldonado, Josep A. Benito, Jordi Jorba, and A. Roca. "Determination of the Work Hardening Exponent by the Hollomon and Differential Crussard-Jaoul Analyses of Cold Drawn Ferrite-Pearlite Steels." In Materials Science Forum, 37–42. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-993-8.37.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

"The Austenite-to-Pearlite/Ferrite Transformation." In Cast Iron Science and Technology, 106–13. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006300.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Subramanya Sarma, V., K. A. Padmanabhan, G. Jaeger, and A. Koethe. "Low cycle fatigue behaviour of two ferrite-pearlite microalloyed steels." In Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials, 697–702. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043326-4/50116-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

"Hydrogen Uptake and Embrittlement Susceptibility of Ferrite-Pearlite Pipeline Steels." In International Hydrogen Conference (IHC 2016): Materials Performance in Hydrogen Environments, 487–94. ASME Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861387_ch55.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Ferrite-pearlite"

1

Gupta, Surendra Kumar, and Patricia Iglesias Victoria. "Atomic Force Microscopy of Annealed Plain Carbon Steels." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50972.

Full text
Abstract:
Microstructure of annealed plain carbon steels is examined using optical microscopy. When the inter-lamellar spacing in pearlite is small, optical microscope at 1000X is unable to resolve the ferrite and cementite lamellae. In hyper-eutectoid steels, cementite in pearlite appears as darker phase whereas the pro-eutectoid cementite appears as a lighter phase. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of etched steels is able to resolve ferrite and cementite lamellae in pearlite at similar magnifications. Both cementite in pearlite as well as pro-eutectoid cementite appear as raised areas (hills) in AFM images. Interlamellar spacing in pearlite increases with increasing hardenability of steel.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Honma, Yuta, and Kunihiko Hashi. "Effect of Residual Stress on High Temperature Hydrogen Attack for Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-94058.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Nelson curve for carbon steel without post welding heat treatment (PWHT) was reconsidered in Annex F of API PR941 8th Edition because a lot of hydrogen damage cases of carbon steel for pressure vessels and pipes with weld joint were reported. However the mechanism of the damage initiation has not been extensively studied. For these reason, the purpose of this study was to clarify effect of residual stress on high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and examine the mechanism in terms of microstructure. The specimens that were simulated welding residual stress by four point bending tool were exposed to high temperature and high pressure hydrogen gas to investigate relationship between damage initiation and condition of temperature and pressure. The frequency of damage occurred by residual stress under high temperature and low hydrogen pressure conditions was higher than that under low temperature and high pressure condition. The damage occurred on boundary of ferrite and pearlite. The grain reference orientation deviation (GROD) map obtained from EBSD measurement indicated the concentration of strain on the boundary generated by plastic deformation. Thus, the damage is most likely initiated by concentration of hydrogen on ferrite-pearlite boundary at which welding strain accumulated. Moreover the damage susceptibility of ferrite-pearlite structure was higher than that of bainite structure. The microstructures in base metal is ferrite-pearlite, but that in heat affected zone is bainite by reheating and cooling at welding. Hence, the base metal has higher damage susceptibility than HAZ.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Vorontsov, A. V., A. V. Dmitriev, and V. A. Beloborodov. "Ultrasonic-assisted laser welding on ferrite-pearlite 09G2S (ASTM A516) steel." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5083567.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ham, Yoonjin, Sanghoon Kim, Jeongho Lim, and Changhee Lee. "Improvement of Toughness of API X65 ERW Pipe Welds." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64233.

Full text
Abstract:
This study aims to evaluate the microstructure evolution and toughness improvement of API X65 steel ERW pipe welds through heat treatments. Heat treatment schedules of one step process (Normalizing) and two step process (QT: quenching and tempering) were tried to control the properties in the ERW welds and were simulated by Gleeble simulator. In as-welded specimen, metal flow and elongated vertical pearlite have been found at the as-welded bond line, and the microstructure consisted of bainite, Widmansta¨tten ferrite and elongated pearlite. The microstructures of the bond line were changed to polygonal ferrite and elongated pearlite after normalizing. Meanwhile, tempered martensite was found at the bond line after QT process and metal flow and elongated pearlite were disappeared. Charpy impact toughness of transverse specimens has shown that toughness of the as-welded bond line decreased with comparing to that of base metal, which is due to the microstructure degradation. While, toughness in the welds was remarkably improved by all heat treatments; in addition, it has been observed that normalizing treatment of them was the most effective to improve toughness in the API X65 steel ERW pipe welds.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

He, Xiaodong, Chunyong Huo, Xinli Han, Lixia Zhu, and Chuanjing Zhuang. "Experimental Study on Girth Welds of X80 High Deformability Pipeline." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61250.

Full text
Abstract:
Girth welds of X80 high deformability pipeline were welded by self-shield flux-cored arc weld (FCAW) and manual shield-metal arc weld (SMAW). The FCAW used E9018-G electrode to weld root and under-matched flux-cored wires to fill welding and cap welding. The SMAW also used the same welding consumable to weld root, but the metal of the filler welding and cap welding is overmatched electrodes. The mechanical properties testing and metallography testing of girth welded joints were carried out. It was found that the qualifications of two welding procedures met the requirements of API Std. 1104. The test results of Charpy impact (CVN) and crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) of welded joints for FCAW were higher than that of welded joints for SMAW. The microstructures of FCAW welds were polygonal ferrite (PF) and pearlite (P). But the microstructures of SMAW welds were polygonal ferrite (PF), intra-granular nucleated acicular ferrite (IAF) and pearlite (P). The microstructures of fusion zones are granular bainitic ferrite (GBF), and that there is no martensite in coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) and fine grain heat affected zone (FGHAZ). So heat affected zone (HAZ) exhibited excellent fracture toughness.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Musonda, Vincent, and Esther T. Akinlabi. "Quantitative Characterisation of Pearlite Morphology in Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10690.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract During the hot rolling of carbon steel, austenite phase transforms into a pearlitic morphology, which essentially is a matrix of ferrite lamellae (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C). This transformation occurs at the cooling bed after an equalisation temperature of around 600 °C. Pearlitic steels find their use in ropes for bridges and elevators, rails, and tyre cords among others. Characterisation of microstructure has not been broadly applied to pearlitic steels because of their complex microstructures. Therefore, the characterisation of this morphology becomes inevitable, in order to identify potential weaknesses in the matrix. In this study, hot-rolled reinforcement bars (rebars) produced from recycled steel and direct reduced iron (DRI), were used for microstructural examination using standard metallurgical procedures. Although the optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to obtain qualitative microstructure, they could not characterise the pearlite morphology quantitatively because of their three-dimensional (3D) limitation. Hence, the image analyser - Gwyddion Software, was used to quantify the pearlite morphology of these Y16 rebars. The results indicate that the pearlite colony is characterised by 3D single interpenetrating crystals of ferrite and cementite running parallel to each other due to their common growth during the transformation process of austenite. It was further observed that, the dimensional properties of the phases in the morphology in terms of their width and Interlamellar spacing (S), including the roughness of the pearlite colony can vary significantly. These results could be used to enhance the processing methodology of the industrial production processes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Slifka, Andrew J., Elizabeth S. Drexler, Douglas G. Stalheim, Robert L. Amaro, Damian S. Lauria, April E. Stevenson, and Louis E. Hayden. "The Effect of Microstructure on the Hydrogen-Assisted Fatigue of Pipeline Steels." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97217.

Full text
Abstract:
Tests on the fatigue crack growth rate were conducted on four pipeline steels, two of grade API 5L-X52 and two API 5L-X70. One X52 material was manufactured in the mid-1960s and the other was manufactured in 2011. The two X70 materials had a similar vintage and chemistry, but the microstructure differs. The fatigue tests were performed in 5.5 and 34 MPa pressurized hydrogen gas, at 1 Hz and (load ratio) R = 0.5. At high pressures of hydrogen and high values of the stress intensity factor range (ΔK) there is no difference in the fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN), regardless of strength or microstructure. At low values of ΔK, however, significant differences in the da/dN are observed. The older X52 material has a ferrite-pearlite microstructure; whereas, the modern X52 has a mixture of polygonal and acicular ferrites. The X70 materials are both predominantly polygonal ferrite, but one has small amounts (∼5%) of upper bainite, and the other has small amounts of pearlite (<2%) and acicular ferrite (∼5%). We discuss the fatigue test results with respect to the different microstructures, with particular emphasis on the low ΔK regime.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kim, Kyu Tae, Sang Gi Ko, and Jong Man Han. "Effects of Microstructural Inhomogeneity on HIC Susceptibility and HIC Evaluation Methods for Linepipe Steels for Sour Service." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33341.

Full text
Abstract:
It has been well documented that slab internal quality is one of the key factors for reduced susceptibility of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in line pipe steels designed for sour gas service. In addition, the creation of a homogeneous microstructure which is heavily influenced by the slab internal quality is also a critical key parameter to reduce the HIC susceptibility in higher strength line pipe steel grade X60 and above. For the application of deep sea linepipe exposed to higher external pressure environments, heavy gauge in combination with higher strength steel is essential. Homogeneity of the steel microstructure is a key to success for thicker plates used in sour service HIC applications in combination with a deep sea environment. In this paper, various microstructures were compared along with an evaluation of the effects of the various microstructures on HIC susceptibility in grades X52, X65 and X70 designed for sour service. The various microstructures compared consisted of polygonal ferrite and pearlite in the X52 and polygonal ferrite, pearlite, acicular ferrite and bainite in the X65 and X70. The effect of microstructural inhomogeneity on HIC susceptibility was comparatively lower for the X52 than that of the X65 and X70. The microstructure of grade X65 and X70 were different due to the different conditions of rolling and cooling that were applied. Grades X65/X70 had a microstructure of polygonal ferrite/pearlite with bainite islands that resulted in a high crack length ratio (CLR) value caused by different hardness regions across the microstructural matrix. A homogeneous fine acicular ferrite microstructure produced by optimizing temperature control during rolling and cooling showed no hydrogen induced cracking. In addition, this alloy/process/microstructure design resulted in improved toughness results in low temperature drop weight tear test (DWTT). This paper will describe the successful production results of plate and pipe for high strength heavier gauge line pipe steels with highly homogeneous microstructures designed for sour service by controlling chemical design and process conditions in rolling and cooling. In addition, HIC evaluation methods utilizing both a traditional NACE TM0284 method versus that of a Scan-UT method were conducted and compared. A proposal to make the NACE TM0284 testing method more reliable by using Scan-UT method will be presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kalashnikova, T. A., A. V. Vorontsov, V. A. Beloborodov, and K. N. Kalashnikov. "Mechanical properties of ferrite-pearlite steel 09G2S welded joints obtained using ultrasonic-assisted laser welding." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5083358.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kimura, Kazuhiro. "Creep Rupture Strength Evaluation With Region Splitting by Half Yield." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97819.

Full text
Abstract:
Creep strength of ferritic and austenitic steels has been investigated on the correlation between stress vs. creep rupture life curve and 50% of 0.2% offset yield stress (half yield) at the temperatures. Inflection of stress vs. creep rupture life curve was recognized on ferritic creep resistant steels with martensitic or bainitic microstructure. However, no identifiable correlation was observed on ferritic steels with ferrite and pearlite microstructure, as well as austenitic steels and superalloys except for several alloys. Ferritic steel with martensitic or bainitic microstructure indicates softening during creep exposure, however, hardening due to precipitation takes place in the ferritic steel with ferrite and pearlite microstructure and austenitic steels. This difference in microstructural evolution is associated with indication of inflection at half yield. Stress range of half yield in the stress vs. creep life diagram of creep strength enhanced ferritic steels is wider than that of conventional ferritic creep resistant steels with martensitic or bainitic microstructure. As a result of wide stress range of boundary condition, risk of overestimation of long-term creep rupture strength by extrapolating the data in high-stress regime to low-stress regime is considered to be high for creep strength enhanced ferritic steels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Ferrite-pearlite' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography