Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ferrochromium slag

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ferrochromium slag'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ferrochromium slag"

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Eric, R. H. "Chromous capacities of ferrochromium and matte smelting slags." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 93 (October 1, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7354.

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Purpose: of this paper is to extend the slag capacity concept to sparingly soluble cationic species encountered for example in matte smelting and ferrochromium processing in terms of chromous capacities. Design/methodology/approach: In this context in order to develop the chromous capacity the experimental data on slag-metal equilibrium for ferrochromium smelting and on chromium distribution between slag and matte phases encountered in sulphide smelting of PGM (Platinum Group Metals) and chromium containing copper nickel concentrates were used. Findings: The calculated chromous capacities were in the 10-8 range for ferrochrome smelting slags and 10-4 range for matte smelting slags. These values indicate the very low and moderate chromous ion dissolving ability of ferrochromium smelting slags and matte smelting slags respectively. Research limitations/implications: Due to highly reducing conditions in ferrochromium smelting and the imposed low oxygen partial pressures in sulphide smelting of chromium and PGM containing concentrates chromium in the slag was assumed to be in its divalent state. The slag-metal/matte reaction for dissolution of chromium into the slag as a cation under reducing conditions -in contrast to reactions for dissolution of species such as sulphur and phosphorus into the slag as anions under oxidizing conditions – required the release of electrons. Thus to maintain charge neutrality the dissolution of chromium from the metal or the matte phases into the slag as Cr2+ ions was accompanied by consumption of these electrons by reduction of Fe2+ ions in the slag into metallic Fe which dissolved in the metal/ matte phase. This was supported by the experimental equilibrium data. Hence the slagmetal/ matte reaction defining the chromous capacity involved both O2- and Fe2+ ions of the slag phase. Moreover for matte smelting the thermodynamic activities of species in the matte phase were assumed to conform to ideal associated solution model due to lack of data. For future work it is advisable to determine such activities. Practical implications: The calculated chromous capacities were in the 10-8 range for ferrochrome smelting slags and 10-4 range for matte smelting slags. The results clearly indicate that in matte smelting lower basicity slags would be preferable to render chromium more soluble in the slag in contrast to ferrochromium smelting where higher basicity slags would be suitable to minimize chromium losses to the slag. Originality/value: This research and hence the paper is probably the first on dissolution of chromium as chromous ion in slags, thus it is novel and original.
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Erdem, Mehmet, H. Soner Altundoğan, M. Deniz Turan, and Fikret Tümen. "Hexavalent chromium removal by ferrochromium slag." Journal of Hazardous Materials 126, no. 1-3 (November 2005): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.06.017.

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Wang, Shu Xuan, Ning Li, Fahong Wang, Bo Li, and Yulong Li. "Water-Soluble Cr (VI) of Solidification-Cured Process and Compressive Strength of Ferrochrome Slag Complex Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1096.

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Ferrochrome slag, an essential component in stainless steel, is the by-product of ferrochromium production. The composition of the ferrochrome slag and leaching tests show that the chromium content, 3.68%, is high, although the data of leaching tests under normal conditions is very low. Leaching test was performed on an oscillating shaking table with ratio adjusted to 150r/min at L/S 8 and 80°C, during 5h. The maximum content of water-soluble Cr (Ⅵ) is 2.78μg/g (0.3475 mg/L) from ferrochromium slag under these conditions. The soluble (Cr6+ and Cr3+) content rise in the solidification process，with the increase of ferrochrome slag. The Water-soluble Cr (Cr6+ and Cr3+) under different cured times can’t be detected. The content of ferrochrome slag reached 10% is the best ratio by comprehensive consideration of water-soluble Cr (Ⅵ) of all processes, compressive strength and relevant national standards.
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Kascheev, Ivan D., Vladimir I. Zhuchkov, and Oleg V. Zayakin. "Forming and Utilizing Ferrochromium Production Waste." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.492.

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Analysis of forming chromium-bearing ferroalloys production waste in Russian Federation was performed. Chemical, phase, fractional compositions and physico-chemical, technological properties of high-carbon ferrochromium slag were defined. Physico-chemical, thermo-mechanical and thermo-physical properties of fire-resistant materials, obtained from ferrochromium production slag and dust, were researched. It was shown that researched waste may be utilized as raw for fire-resistant materials production. Because of their chemical and phase composition, researched materials may be utilized for production of forsterite-spinel-based and forsterite-spinel-periclase-based fire-resistant materials. Technological properties of researched materials allow obtaining dense strength fire-resistant materials. Such fire-resistant materials are promising in the field of ferrous metallurgy (lining up furnaces, ladles and overflow launders in ferroalloys production).
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Kukurugya, Frantisek, Peter Nielsen, and Liesbeth Horckmans. "Up-Concentration of Chromium in Stainless Steel Slag and Ferrochromium Slags by Magnetic and Gravity Separation." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100906.

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Slags coming from stainless steel (SS) and ferrochromium (FeCr) production generally contain between 1 and 10% Cr, mostly present in entrapped metallic particles (Fe–Cr alloys) and in spinel structures. To recover Cr from these slags, magnetic and gravity separation techniques were tested for up-concentrating Cr in a fraction for further processing. In case of SS slag and low carbon (LC) FeCr slag a wet high intensity magnetic separation can up-concentrate Cr in the SS slag (fraction <150 µm) from 2.3 wt.% to almost 9 wt.% with a yield of 7 wt.%, and in the LC FeCr slag from 3.1 wt.% to 11 wt.% with a yield of 3 wt.%. Different behavior of Cr-containing spinel’s in the two slag types observed during magnetic separation can be explained by the presence or absence of Fe in the lattice of the Cr-containing spinel’s, which affects their magnetic susceptibility. The Cr content of the concentrates is low compared to chromium ores, indicating that additional processing steps are necessary for a recovery process. In the case of high carbon (HC) FeCr slag, a Cr up-concentration by a factor of more than three (from 9 wt.% to 28 wt.%) can be achieved on the as received slag, after a single dry low intensity magnetic separation step, due to the well-liberated Cr-rich compounds present in this slag. After gravity separation of the HC FeCr slag, a fraction with a Cr content close to high grade Cr ores (≥50% Cr2O3) can be obtained. This fraction represents 12 wt.% of the HC FeCr slag, and can probably be used directly in traditional smelting processes.
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Sahu, Nilamadhaba, Arijit Biswas, and Gajanan U. Kapure. "A Short Review on Utilization of Ferrochromium Slag." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 37, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2016.1168415.

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Vlasova, S. G., and T. E. Brylina. "Green Container Glass Based on Ferrochromium Industrial Slag." Glass and Ceramics 62, no. 9-10 (September 2005): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-005-0090-5.

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Ge, X., S. Jin, M. Zhang, X. Wang, and S. Seetharaman. "Synthesis of chromium and ferrochromium alloy in molten salts by the electro-reduction method." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 51, no. 2 (2015): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb141222022g.

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In this work, we successfully applied the Fray-Farthing-Chen Cambridge electro-reduction process on the preparation of chromium from chromium oxide, and for the first time, the synthesis of ferrochromium alloy from chromium oxide and iron oxide mixture and the chromite ore in molten calcium chloride. The present work systematically investigated the influences of sintered temperature of the solid precursor, electrochemical potential, electrolysis temperature and time on the products by using a set of advanced characterization techniques, including XRD and SEM/EDS analyses. In particular, our results show that this process is energy-friendly and technically-feasible for the direct extraction of ferrochromium alloy from chromite ore. Our findings thus provide useful insights for designing a novel green process to produce ferrochromium alloy from low-grade chromite ore or stainless steel slag.
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Cay, Vedat Veli, Mucahit Sutcu, Osman Gencel, and Turgay Korkut. "Neutron Radiation Tests about FeCr Slag and Natural Zeolite Loaded Brick Samples." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/971490.

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Neutron shielding performances of new brick samples are investigated. Brick samples including 10, 20, and 30 percentages of ferrochromium slag (FeCr waste) and natural zeolite are prepared and mechanical properties are obtained. Total macroscopic cross sections are calculated by using results of 4.5 MeV neutron transmission experiments. As a result, neutron shielding capacity of brick samples increases with increasing FeCr slag and natural zeolite percentages. This information could be useful in the area of neutron shielding.
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Coetzer, G., E. W. Giesekke, and R. N. Guest. "Hexavalent Chromium in the Recovery of Ferrochromium from Slag." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 36, no. 4 (October 1997): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1997.36.4.261.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ferrochromium slag"

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Nkohla, Makiwe Annette. "Characteristics of ferrochrome smelter slag and its implications in metal accounting." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/877.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006
Better metallurgical accounting practices are achieved through implementation of robust and accurate analytical techniques, in particular the sample preparation techniques involved, as well as characterization of all possible errors associated with such techniques and those associated with the characteristics of the materials to be analyzed. As a contribution to the AMIRA P754 project which aims at developing standards and tools for metal balancing, reconciliation and reporting from mine resource to final product, this thesis presents best practices for the characterization of ferrochrome smelter slag. The characterization ofthe slag is also essential for process control, and thus its implications to the performance of the smelting process are also discussed in this thesis. Slag samples from a ferrochrome smelter were analyzed using an XRF powder pellet analytical technique in contrast to the rep technique used at the plant laboratory, to determine their composition. This was done to evaluate the possibility of using XRF as an alternative technique to improve the turnaround times at the plant laboratory. It was found that the XRF analysis of the composite slag by pressed powder pellets could be performed rapidly, but because of the grain size effects resulted from the entrained alloy particles which could not pulverize well, the results were not accurate. This then led to the introduction of an extra stage (oxidation of the entrained alloy particles) in the sample preparation procedure, which prolonged the turnaround time by about 16 hours. However, an important achievement was that the entrained alloy particles could be oxidized into their oxides to obtain homogeneous samples and therefore representative sub-samples. This is an important improvement in the practices at the plant laboratory which involved excluding some of the entrained alloy particles and thus analyzing biased, non-representative samples. A rapid estimation of the percentage of the entrained alloy in slag was proven to be possible using a simple model (which relates density and the mass fraction of the entrained alloy), in conjunction with a density measuring device (a pycnometer). This ability serves as a significant improvement in the mass balancing and metallurgical accounting practices at ferrochrome producers. This thesis also describes the manner in which heterogeneity can be quantified as well as the errors associated with heterogeneity and their implications to the analysis results. Heterogeneity in ferrochrome slag has been found to depend significantly on the amount of alloy entrainment in slag, and therefore the slag viscosity, tapping temperature and chemical composition. One can therefore conclude that the sampling constant and therefore sample mass is dependent on furnace operating conditions.
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Van, der Merwe Werner. "Ozone treatment of chromium waste materials / Werner van der Merwe." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9392.

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Ozonation, or advanced oxidation processes (utilising ozone decomposition products as oxidants) are widely used in industrial waste water and drinking water treatment plants. In these applications the use of ozone is based on ozone and its decomposition by-products being strong oxidants. A case study revealed that several waterworks in South Africa successfully utilise ozone as a pre-oxidant for the treatment of raw waters. South Africa holds more than three quarters of the world’s viable chromium ore (chromite) reserves. Subsequently the Cr-related industry-within is considerable in size and a major producer of large volumes of waste materials. Chromium also occurs commonly in other industrial waste materials (e.g. fly ash and clinkers originating from coal combustion) and is a natural occurring element in natural sediments, since chromium is the 21st most abundant element in the earth’s crust with an average concentration of approximately 100 ppm. Considering the abundance of natural and anthropogenic Cr-containing materials in South Africa the possibility exists that some of these materials might be suspended in raw water entering water treatment facilities. In this dissertation, the possible oxidation of non-Cr(VI) Cr-containing materials suspended in water during ozonation, is presented within the context of water treatment applications (Chapter 4). The results indicate that in situ formation of hazardous Cr(VI) is possible during aqueous ozonation. pH had a significant influence, since the decomposition products of aqueous O3, i.e. hydroxyl radicals that form at higher pH levels, were found to be predominantly responsible for Cr(VI) formation. Increased ozonation contact time, water temperature and solid loading also resulted in elevated Cr(VI) concentrations being formed. Occasionally these values exceeded the drinking water standard 50 ppb Cr(VI). The results therefore indicate the importance of removing suspended particulates from water prior to ozonation. Additionally, pH-control could be used to mitigate the possible formation of Cr(VI) during ozonation. In Chapter 5, exploratory work is presented on the possibility of utilising Cr(VI) formation via ozonation as a means of recovering chromium from Cr-containing waste materials. Such a study is of particular interest within the local context, considering the large volumes of waste produced by the Cr-related industry in South Africa. This exploratory work is based on the fact that unlike Cr(0) and Cr(III), most Cr(VI) compounds are relatively soluble in water. Cr(VI) is a carcinogen if inhaled, however the probability of negative health effects are substantially reduced if it occurs in solution. Thus a hydrometallurgical route of recovering Cr-units via Cr(VI) generation represents the safest route with regard to Cr(VI) exposure. Such a hydrometallurgical route could also addresses the limitations of the physical separation methods currently applied, which fails to recover fine Cr-containing solids. The degree of Cr2O3-liberation achieved in this exploratory work was relatively low. However, the Cr2O3-liberation achieved for the ferrochromium slag (15%) indicated some promise, considering the limitations of this exploratory work. Several steps can be considered in future studies, which would in all likelihood improve the Cr2O3-liberation further.
Thesis (MSc (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Book chapters on the topic "Ferrochromium slag"

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Kozicki, Robert, George Wrightson, and Eric Graham. "Estimation of Slag in Ferrochromium." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013, 109–17. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch12.

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Gu, Foquan, Yuanbo Zhang, Zhiwei Peng, Huimin Tang, Zijian Su, and Tao Jiang. "Preparation of Refractory Materials by Co-sintering of Ferronickel Slag and Ferrochromium Slag: Thermodynamic Analysis." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 283–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65647-8_24.

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Yilmaz, A., and M. Karaşahin. "Use of Ferrochromium Slag as an Artificial Aggregate in Pavement Layers." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 132–45. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49468t.

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Yilmaz, A., and M. Karaşahin. "Use of Ferrochromium Slag as an Artificial Aggregate in Pavement Layers." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 132–45. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp154020120007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ferrochromium slag"

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Kozicki, R., G. Wrightson, and E. Graham. "Estimation of Slag in Ferrochromium." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017/mst_2017_559_566.

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Kozicki, R., G. Wrightson, and E. Graham. "Estimation of Slag in Ferrochromium." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017mst/2017/mst_2017_559_566.

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Journal articles
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